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2	front:intro	d9wn		Introduction to Genesis Part 1: General Introduction Outline of Genesis From the Creation to the Tower of Babel The account of the creation of the heavens and the earth (1:1–4:26) The account of Adam (5:1–6:8) The account of Noah (6:9–11:9) The account of Shem (11:10–11:26) The account of Terah (11:27–11:32) The accounts of the Patriarchs The account of Abraham (12:1-25:11) The account of Ishmael (25:12–25:18) The account of Isaac, focusing on Jacob (25:19–35:29) The account of Esau (36:1–37:1) The account of Jacob, focusing on Joseph (37:2–50:26) What is Genesis about? Genesis begins with the early years of creation. It tells about God creating heaven, earth, and the first humans. It also tells about the first time humans sinned. This caused humans to be separated from God and to eventually die. Genesis 1-11 briefly tells about other important events that occurred over many hundreds of years. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/other/death]]) Genesis is also about the beginning of God’s people. Genesis 12-50 tells about how God remained faithful to Abraham and his descendants. Abraham’s descendants became known as the Hebrews and later as the Israelites. These people would worship Yahweh and be his people. Genesis ends with Abraham’s descendants living in Egypt with the hope of returning one day to the Promised Land. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]]) How should the title of this book be translated? “Genesis” means “beginning,” so translators should express this idea in their title. Titles such as “The Beginning of Things” may be suitable. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]]) Who wrote Genesis? The writers of both the Old and New Testaments presented Moses as being very involved with writing the book of Genesis. Since ancient times, both Jews and Christians have thought that Moses wrote Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts What are the covenants mentioned in Genesis? A covenant is a formal, binding agreement between two parties that one or both parties must fulfill. God made three covenants in Genesis. In the covenant with Adam, God promised to bless Adam and cause him to prosper. Adam was not allowed to eat fruit from the tree of knowledge of good and evil. God promised that Adam would die if he disobeyed what he commanded. In the covenant with Noah, God promised to never again destroy the world with a flood. In the covenant with Abraham, God promised to make Abraham’s descendants into a great nation. He also promised to protect them and to give them a land of their own. What was God’s purpose for the book of Genesis? The book of Genesis says that God created a very good world. However, the world became cursed because human beings began to sin. But Genesis shows that God continues to have complete control over the world. Genesis also describes the start of God’s plan to bless the whole world again. This is shown when God makes a covenant with Abraham. With this covenant, God chose Abraham and his descendants to be his people. God promised to bless the world through Abraham’s descendants. What was the custom for inheritance as described by Genesis? There are several passages in Genesis that show the customs of a father who is about to die passing on a blessing to his son. Abraham blessed his son, Isaac, and made him the ancestor of the people of Israel. However, Ishmael, Abraham’s other son, did not receive that same divine blessing. Likewise, Isaac’s older son Esau did not receive the blessing. Isaac’s younger son, Jacob, received it instead. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) Also, it was the custom for a man to divide among his sons his material wealth and land. All his sons received equal portions except the oldest son. The firstborn son received twice as much. His portion was called a double portion. Esau gave up his right to receive the double portion. How does Genesis present sin and evil? Genesis presents sin as doing things that are against God’s word and God’s ways. It presents evil as the opposite of good. Sin and evil have affected all people. This started when Adam disobeyed God in the Garden of Eden. Part 3: Important Translation Issues What is one way in which Genesis marks the beginning of important sections? Genesis uses one Hebrew phrase that the ULT translates as “this is the record of,” “these were the events concerning,” or “these were the descendants of.” The information in these sections may have come from sources much older than Moses. These passages are 2:4; 5:1; 6:9; 10:1; 11:10, 27; 25:12, 19; 36:1, 9; 37:2. If the translator wants to translate in only two ways, we recommend for most passages a phrase such as, “this is the record about” or “this is information about.” Some passages will be better translated, however, as “These were the descendants of.” Why are the beginnings of some narrative sections in Genesis difficult to translate? Often in Genesis, the author first summarizes what is about to happen. Then in the following verses, the author tells the details of what happened. Probable examples of this style occur in Gen. 1:1, 6:22, 18:1, 21:1 and 22:1. However, in many languages, it is preferred to write summaries at the end of a narrative. In this case, translators may choose a different approach. For example, in Gen. 1:1 (“In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth”), translators may decide to translate like this: “This is about how God made the heavens and the earth in the beginning.” What is the difference between “people,” “peoples,” and “people groups”? The word “people” refers to all the individuals who belong to a group, such as “the people of Israel.” The word “peoples” (used in the ULT) refers to multiple groups of people. Each people group might speak their own language, have their own customs, and worships their own gods. Some different peoples in the ancient Near East were those of Israel, Egypt, Edom, Moab, and Ammon. The expression “people groups” (used in the UST) means the same thing as “peoples” in the ULT. The translator should use the most equivalent term that is common in the project language. What is the relationship between individuals and peoples that have similar names? Many individuals in Genesis eventually had large numbers of descendants who were called after their ancestor’s name. For example, Cush was the name of an individual. But, “Cush” also became the name of nation that his descendants formed. They were called “Cushites.” If possible, when translating these names, the translator should make the individual’s name and the nation’s name similar. Examples of this are “Cush” and “Cushite” or “Moab” and “Moabite.” Otherwise, the translator may say, “the descendants of Cush” or “the descendants of Moab.” What do the phrases “to this day” or “of today” mean? These phrases were used by the narrator to refer to the time when he was writing. The translator should be aware that “to this day” and “of today” refer to a time already passed. The translator might decide to say, “to this day, at the time when this is being written,” or, “to this day, at the time of writing.” This Hebrew phrase occurs in Gen. 19:37, 19:38, 22:14, 26:33, 32:32, 35:20, 47:26, 48:18.
3	1:intro	zb6f		Genesis 01 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter presents the first account of God creating the world. There is a pattern to this account: “God said … God saw that it was good … This was evening and morning, the first day.” Translators should preserve this pattern in their versions. Special concepts in this chapter The universe This account of creation is told within the framework of ancient Hebrew ideas about the universe: the earth was resting with water around it and below it. Over the earth was something like a vast dome, called “an expanse between the waters” (1:6), on top of which was more water. Translators should try to keep these original images in their work, even though readers in their project language might have a completely different idea of what the universe is like. Evening and morning Genesis 1 presents the ancient Hebrew idea of a day: it begins with sunset, lasts through the night and continues through the daylight hours until the next sunset. This pattern should be preserved in translation, even if readers in the project language define “day” differently. Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter “In the beginning” Some languages and cultures speak of the world as if it has always existed, as if it had no beginning. But “very long ago” is different from “in the beginning,” and you need to be sure that your translation communicates correctly. “God said, ‘Let there be’” This expression occurs often in this chapter. It can be difficult to translate, because God is not shown as talking to a particular person. If God is talking to a thing, it is something not yet in existence. Translators should find the most natural way in the project language to signal the idea that God spoke things into existence; he created the world and the things in it by simply commanding that they should exist.
4	1:1	f2mg		“This is about how God made the heavens and the earth in the beginning.” This statement summarizes the rest of the chapter. Some languages translate it as “A very long time ago God created the heavens and the earth.” Translate it in a way that shows this actually happened and is not just a folk story.
5	1:1	d49e		This refers to the start of the world and everything in it.
6	1:1	sk34		“the sky, the ground, and everything in them”
7	1:1	mz2j		This refers here to the sky.
8	1:2	fn3q		God had not yet put the world in order.
9	1:2	ta3a		“the water” or “the deep water” or “the vast water”
10	1:2	n2d9		“the surface of the water” or “the water”
11	1:3	d7qw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	This is a command. By commanding that light should exist, God made it exist. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
12	1:4	h2r1		“God considered the light and was pleased with it.” “Good” here means “pleasing” or “suitable.”
13	1:4	m8ue		“separated the light and the darkness” or “made it light at one time and dark at another.” This refers to God creating the daytime and the night time.
14	1:5	gl7g		God did these things on the first day that the universe existed.
15	1:5	jc2d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
16	1:6	urb3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	These are commands. By commanding that the expanse should exist and that it divide the waters, God made it exist and divide the waters. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
17	1:6	t6zc		large empty space. The Jewish people thought of this space as being shaped like the inside of dome or the inside of a bowl that is turned upside down.
18	1:6	se1i		“in the water”
19	1:7	tq7f		“In this way God made the expanse and divided the waters.” When God spoke, it happened. This sentence explains what God did when he spoke.
20	1:7	mt8y		“It happened like that” or “That is what happened.” What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning wherever it appears.
21	1:8	ss9r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in Genesis 1:5. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
22	1:8	s25m		This refers to the second day that the universe existed. See how you translated “the first day” in Genesis 1:5 and decide if you should translate this the same way.
23	1:9	zu6f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated with an active verb. This is a command. By commanding that the waters gather together, God made them gather together. Alternate translation: “Let the waters … gather” or “Let the waters … come together” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
24	1:9	iv2c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	The water had covered the land. Now the water would move aside and some of the land would be uncovered. This is a command. By commanding that dry land should appear, God made it appear. Alternate translation: “let dry land become visible” or “let the dry land become clear” or “let the land be uncovered” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
25	1:9	l151		This refers to land that is not covered with water. It does not refer to land that is too dry for farming.
26	1:9	ha33		“It happened like that” or “That is what happened.” What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning wherever it appears. See how you translated it in Genesis 1:7.
27	1:10	g6hl		“the part that was dry ‘earth,’ and”
28	1:10	ey94		Here “it” refers to the land and the sea. See how you translated this in Genesis 1:4.
29	1:11	d9q7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	This is a command. By commanding that vegetation should sprout on the earth, God made it sprout. Alternate translation: “Let vegetation sprout up on the earth” or “Let vegetation grow on the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
30	1:11	q5yp		“vegetation, each plant that bears seed and each tree that bears fruit” or “vegetation. Let them be plants that produce seeds and fruit trees that produce fruit.” Here “vegetation” is used here as a general term that includes all plants and trees.
31	1:11	ssc1		These are kinds of vegetation that have soft stems, rather than woody stems.
32	1:11	v3v1		“trees that bear fruit with seeds in them”
33	1:11	j3au		The seeds would produce plants and trees that would be like the ones they came from. In this way, the plants and trees would “reproduce themselves” .
34	1:11	fx6h		“It happened like that” or “That is what happened.” What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning wherever it appears. See how you translated this in Genesis 1:7.
35	1:12	d6s3		Here “it” refers to the vegetation, plants, and trees. See how you translated this in Genesis 1:10.
36	1:13	ch8e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in Genesis 1:5. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
37	1:13	vw3s		This refers to the third day that the universe existed. See how you translated “the first day” in Genesis 1:5 and decide if you should translate this the same way.
38	1:14	sr8w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	This is a command. By commanding that lights should exist, God made them exist. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
39	1:14	g95y		“things that shine in the sky” or “things that give light in the sky.” This refers to the sun, moon, and stars.
40	1:14	t7b1		“in the expanse of the sky” or “in the large space of the sky”
41	1:14	uw3r		“to separate the day from the night.” This means “to help us tell the difference between day and night.” The sun means it is daytime, and the moon and stars mean it is nighttime.
42	1:14	m2r4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	This is a command. By commanding that they should serve as signs, God made them serve as signs. Alternate translation: “Let them serve as signs” or “let them show” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
43	1:14	e4bt		Here this means something that reveals or points to something.
44	1:14	x7vq		The sun, moon, and stars show the passing of time. This enables us to know when it is time for events that happen each week, month, or year.
45	1:14	ln32		times that are set aside for festivals and other things that people do
46	1:15	q4ne	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	This is a command. By commanding that they should light the earth, God made them light the earth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
47	1:15	p48m		“to shine light on the earth” or “to brighten the earth.” The earth does not self-shine but it is lit and so reflects light.
48	1:15	y2g4		“It happened like that” or “That is what happened.” What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning. See how you translated this in Genesis 1:7.
49	1:16	p5cz		“In this way God made the two great lights.” This sentence explains what God did when he spoke.
50	1:16	z4uy		“the two large lights” or “the two bright lights.” The two great lights are the sun and the moon.
51	1:16	byf5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	The lights that controlled the day are spoken of as if they were a human ruler that controlled what people do. Alternate translation: “to direct the daytime as a ruler directs a group of people” or “to mark the times of the day” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
52	1:16	ce4u		This refers only to the daylight hours.
53	1:16	a3ky		“the smaller light” or “the dimmer light”
54	1:17	n5jb		“in the heavens” or “in the open space of the sky”
55	1:18	uz9k		“to separate the light from the darkness” or “to make it light at one time and dark at another.” See how you translated this in Genesis 1:4.
56	1:18	ugh9		Here “it” refers to the sun, moon, and stars. See how you translated this in Genesis 1:4.
57	1:19	ds1l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in Genesis 1:5. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
58	1:19	ukw9		This refers to the fourth day that the universe existed. See how you translated “the first day” in Genesis 1:5 and decide if you should translate this the same way.
59	1:20	uw3u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	This is a command. By commanding that living creatures should fill the waters, God made them exist. Some languages may have one word that refers to all kinds of fish and sea animals. Alternate translation: “Let the waters be full of many living things” or “Let many animals that swim live in the oceans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
60	1:20	g6cj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	This is a command. By commanding that birds should fly, God made them fly. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
61	1:20	p48l		“animals that fly” or “flying things”
62	1:20	mqw4		“the open space of the sky” or “the sky”
63	1:21	ks9m		“In this way God created”
64	1:21	j9az		“large animals that live in the sea”
65	1:21	hum1		Living things of the same “kind” are like the ones they came from. See how you translated “kind” in Genesis 1:11,12.
66	1:21	p614		“every flying thing that has wings.” If the word for birds is used, it may be more natural in some languages to simply say “every bird,” since all birds have wings.
67	1:21	s322		Here “it” refers to the birds and the fish. See how you translated this in Genesis 1:4.
68	1:22	y1bp		“blessed the animals that he had made”
69	1:22	ti8f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	This is God’s blessing. He told the sea animals to produce more sea animals like themselves, so that there would be many of them in the seas. The word “multiply” explains how they are to be “fruitful.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
70	1:22	e4tn		increase greatly in number
71	1:22	lm9s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	This is a command. By commanding that birds should multiply, God made birds multiply. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
72	1:22	sg3v		“animals that fly” or “flying things.” See how you translated this in Genesis 1:20.
73	1:23	kpz8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in Genesis 1:5. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
74	1:23	ne8k		This refers to the fifth day that the universe existed. See how you translated “the first day” in Genesis 1:5 and decide if you should translate this the same way.
75	1:24	ke21	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	“Let the earth produce living things” or “Let many living animals live on the earth.” This is a command. By commanding that the earth should produce living creatures, God made the earth produce living creatures. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
76	1:24	x6eu		“so that each kind of animal will produce more of its own kind”
77	1:24	m1pi		This shows that God created all kinds of animals. If your language has another way of grouping all the animals, you can use that, or you can use these groups.
78	1:24	g2m4		animals that people look after
79	1:24	yk9w		“small animals”
80	1:24	r6l3		“wild animals” or “dangerous animals”
81	1:24	l3v2		“It happened like that” or “That is what happened.” What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning. See how you translated this in Genesis 1:7.
82	1:25	m7h6		“In this way God made the beasts”
83	1:25	s88h		Here “it” refers to the living creatures on the earth. See how you translated this in Genesis 1:4.
84	1:26	x8fd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	The word “us” here refers to God. God was saying what he intended to do. The pronoun “us” is plural. Possible reasons for the plural use are (1) the plural form suggests that God is discussing something with the angels that make up his heavenly court or (2) the plural form foreshadows the later New Testament implications that God exists in the form of the Holy Trinity. Some translate it as “Let me make” or “I will make.” If you do this, consider adding a footnote to say that the word is plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
85	1:26	xk37		human beings
86	1:26	kt75	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that God made mankind to be like him. This verse does not tell in what ways God made people to be like himself. God does not have a body, so it does not mean that people would look like God. Alternate translation: “to truly be like us” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
87	1:26	st51		“rule over” or “have authority over”
88	1:27	qip4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These two sentences mean the same thing and emphasize that God created people in his own image. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
89	1:27	r7sx		The way that God created man was different from the way he created everything else. Do not specify that he created man by simply speaking, as in the preceding verses.
90	1:28	uiq2		The word “them” refers to the man and woman God had created.
91	1:28	tfr1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	God told the man and the woman to produce more people like themselves so that there would be many of them. The word “multiply” explains how they are to be “fruitful.” See how you translated this in Genesis 1:22. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
92	1:28	a7nj		Fill the earth with people.
93	1:30	j3is		God continues speaking.
94	1:30	vc53		“all the birds that fly in the sky”
95	1:30	etp6		“that breathes.” This phrase emphasizes that these animals had a different kind of life than the plants. Plants do not breathe, and were to be used as food for the animals. Here “life” means physical life.
96	1:30	di9p		“It happened like that” or “That is what happened.” What God commanded happened just as he said it should. This phrase appears throughout the chapter and has the same meaning. See how you translated it in Genesis 1:7.
97	1:31	re3q		“This is true and important: it”
98	1:31	r2m5		Now when God looked at everything he had made, it was “very good. “See how you translated “it was good” in Genesis 1:10.
99	1:31	stn7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	This refers to the whole day. The writer speaks of the whole day as if it were these two parts. In the Jewish culture, a day begins when the sun sets. See how you translated this in Genesis 1:5. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
100	1:31	vqp1		This refers to the sixth day that the universe existed. See how you translated “the first day” in Genesis 1:5 and decide if you should translate this the same way.
101	2:intro	nfp7		Genesis 02 General Notes Structure and formatting Gen. 2:1-3 ends the first creation account, begun in the previous chapter. The second creation account, beginning in 2:4, is very different, using a more natural, story-telling style instead of following a set formula using repeated phrases. Translators should try to imitate this difference in their versions. Special concepts in this chapter The second creation account in Gen. 2:4-25 Gen. 2:4-25 presents an account of creation from a different viewpoint than the one given in Gen. 1:1-2:3. This second account should be regarded as filling out the first account, not as conflicting with it. Yahweh, the name of God “Yahweh,” the personal name of God in the Old Testament, appears for the first time in this chapter. Translators must decide how to represent it in their versions. For 2,000 years, it has been traditional for many Christians to represent it with the term “the Lord.” Indeed, it is demanded by Roman Catholics for their Bible versions to continue doing this. Of course, the disadvantage of using “the Lord” is that this is a title for God, not a personal name. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/yahweh]]) Translators who are not producing versions for Roman Catholics can consider transliterating the name “Yahweh,” approximating the name as best as their project languages allow. Or translators can consider using expressions for the supreme god that might exist in their project languages, such as, “The Great One,” “The Ruler of All,” “The One who Never Sleeps,” etc. Of course, these are descriptive titles, not personal names, so they suffer from the same disadvantages that “the Lord” has. Translators can also consider pairing a transliteration of “Yahweh” with a meaningful title for the supreme god in the project language. Whatever solution is found should be followed consistently when the name “Yahweh” occurs in the Scriptures. The Garden of Eden This was not a vegetable garden or cultivated field. Instead, it was probably a large area of land with fruit trees and other plants bearing leaves, etc., that were good to eat. A river flowed out from the Garden of Eden, giving the impression that the Garden was a holy place; in the ancient Near East, temples had gardens and waterways. In Rev. 22:1-2, the throne of God in the New Jerusalem is pictured with a river flowing out from it. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]])
102	2:1	c32g		“the sky” or “the skies”
103	2:1	u4a2		“and all the many living things that are in them” or “and all the crowds of living things in them”
104	2:1	yv5z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God had finished creating them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
105	2:2	hi76		God did not work at all on the seventh day.
106	2:2	qf2n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “had finished” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
107	2:2	a69h		“on that day he did not work”
108	2:3	k8jv		Possible meanings are (1) God caused the seventh day to produce good result or (2) God said that the seventh day was good.
109	2:3	k5p6		“set it apart” or “called it his own”
110	2:3	dc8y		“on it he did not work”
111	2:4	br8g		The rest of Genesis 2 tells about how God created people on the sixth day.
112	2:4	f65q		“This is the account of the heavens and the earth” or “This is the story about the heavens and the earth.” Possible meanings are (1) it is a summary of the events described in Genesis 1:1-2:3 or (2) it introduces the events described in Genesis 2. If possible, translate this so that people can understood it either way.
113	2:4	e8kg		“Yahweh God created them.” In chapter 1 the writer always speaks of God as “God,” but in chapter 2 he always speaks of God as “Yahweh God.”
114	2:4	j1fv		“when Yahweh God created.” The word “day” refers to the whole time span of the creation, not to just one particular day.
115	2:4	rpv8		This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
116	2:5	s14i		no shrubs growing in the wild that animals might eat
117	2:5	rk64		no leafy plants like vegetables or greens that both animals and humans can eat
118	2:5	ef6d		to do everything he needed to do so that the plants would grow well
119	2:6	xfl8		Possible meanings are (1) something like dew or morning fog o (2) springs from underground streams.
120	2:6	v3yt		the entire earth
121	2:7	id8h		“molded man” or “shaped man” or “created man”
122	2:7	dk8k		“a human being … the human” or “a person … the person” not specifically a male
123	2:7	hjr4		“his nose”
124	2:7	ix5v		“breath that makes things live.” Here “life” refers to physical life.
125	2:8	ezu8		This could have been an orchard of fruit trees or an area with all kinds of trees.
126	2:8	mn4d		in the east
127	2:9	rq2t		“the tree that gives people life”
128	2:9	ff9d		Here this means “eternal life” or life that does not end.
129	2:9	p743		“the tree that gives people the ability to understand both good and evil” or “the tree that makes people who eat its fruit able to know good things and bad things”
130	2:9	rp99	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	This is a figure of speech that refers to both extremes and everything in between. Alternate translation: “everything, including both good and evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
131	2:9	r1nw		“in the middle of the garden.” The two trees may not have been in the exact center of the garden.
132	2:10	qg1f		The garden was in Eden. The river continued to flow outside of Eden. “A river flowed through Eden to water the garden”
133	2:11	nw6i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the only time this river is referred to in the Bible. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
134	2:11	k6gw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	“the whole land called Havilah.” It was somewhere in the Arabian Desert. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
135	2:11	i82f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish	This phrase gives information about Havilah. Some languages would translate it as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “There is gold in Havilah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
136	2:12	x7hc		The word “there” is placed first in the sentence for emphasis. Alternate translation: “This is also where people can find bdellium and onyx stones”
137	2:12	zst7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	This resin comes from a tree and smells nice. A resin is sticky stuff that comes out of some trees and can burn. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
138	2:12	eyf8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	“onyx stones.” Onyx is a certain kind of beautiful stone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
139	2:13	tr82	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the only mention of this river in the Bible. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
140	2:13	lzz9		The river did not cover the whole land, but wound through various parts of the land.
141	2:13	hc9p		“the entire land called Cush”
142	2:14	trw5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish	“which flows in the land east of the city of Ashur.” The Tigris River flows from north to south. The phrase “which flows east of Ashur” gives information about where the Tigris River is. Some languages would translate it as a separate sentence. Alternate translation: “It flows east of Ashur” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
143	2:15	js9w		“the garden that was in Eden”
144	2:15	e3ky		“to cultivate it.” This means to do everything necessary so that the plants will grow well.
145	2:15	r7v3		to guard against anything bad happening in it
146	2:16	c3wj		“The fruit of every tree in the garden”
147	2:16	b9cu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	This pronoun is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
148	2:16	e4ij		“may eat without restriction”
149	2:17	ydc7		These words complete the command that begins with the words “From every tree in the garden you may freely eat” in verse 15. In some languages, it may be more natural to say what is not permitted and to then say what is permitted, as in the UST.
150	2:17	l1vi		“the tree that gives people the ability to understand both good and evil” or “the tree that makes people who eat its fruit able to know good things and bad things.” See how you translated this in Genesis 2:9.
151	2:17	up23		“I will not permit you to eat” or “you must not eat”
152	2:18	jeg8		“I will make a helper who is just right for him”
153	2:19	sb6j		The phrases “of the field” and “of the sky” tell where the animals and birds are usually found. Alternate translation: “all kinds of animals and birds”
154	2:20	f5az		“all the animals that people look after”
155	2:20	l5uf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “there was no companion that was right for him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
156	2:21	vnf4		“caused the man to sleep intensely.” A deep sleep is a time of sleeping in which a person is not easily disturbed or wakened.
157	2:21	m6wd		This refers to the soft parts of the body like skin and muscle.
158	2:22	i9u8		“From the rib … he formed a woman.” The rib was the material God made the woman from.
159	2:23	i7j8		“Finally, this one’s bones are like my bones, and her flesh is like my flesh.” After looking among all the animals for a partner and not finding one, he finally saw someone who was like him and could be his partner. The man was probably expressing his feeling of relief and joy.
160	2:23	s44p		The translator may want to write a footnote saying “The Hebrew word for ‘woman’ sounds like the Hebrew word for ‘man.’
161	2:24	yx3u		What follows is written by the author. The man did not say these things.
162	2:24	v11k		“That is why a man”
163	2:24	ydt1		“a man will stop living in his father and mother’s home.” This is about men in general. It does not refer to any particular man at any particular time.
164	2:24	tr8p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This idiom speaks of sexual activity as though the bodies that are together become one body. Alternate translation: “their two bodies will become one body” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
165	2:25	h8mq		The word “they” refers to the man and the woman that God had created.
166	2:25	t8n2		“not wearing clothing”
167	2:25	ir9e		“they were not ashamed about being naked”
168	3:intro	j7i3		Genesis 03 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter continues the second creation account that began in Gen. 2:4. But a new section of this account begins in 3:1. The ULT reads, “Now the serpent was more shrewd than any other beast of the field which Yahweh God had made,” because this is how the Scriptures introduce the serpent into the account. However, many languages prefer different ways to introduce new characters or things into stories, for example, “One of the wild animals made by God was the serpent” or “This is about the serpent, one of the wild animals that God had made.” Scholars typically refer to the events of this chapter as “the fall” or “the fall of man” because sin is introduced into creation. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) Special concepts in this chapter Curses In this chapter, God curses the man, the woman, and the serpent for their sins. In general, cursing is calling down God’s punishment on someone or something. In this chapter, however, it is God himself who is doing the cursing. Of course, he does not call down punishment on the man, the woman, and the serpent from someone else. Instead, he is promising that he himself will punish them. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]]) Serpent Most scholars believe that the serpent is Satan, even though his name is not used in this chapter. There are other places in Scripture where the serpent is used as an image for Satan. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/satan]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
169	3:1	m3hl		The writer is beginning a new part of the story.
170	3:1	v5dp		“more cunning” or “smarter at getting what he wanted by telling lies”
171	3:1	bp3b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	The snake is pretending to be surprised that God has made this rule. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am surprised that God said, ‘You … garden.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
172	3:1	t1qz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	The word “you” is plural and refers to the man and the woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
173	3:2	k94l		“We are allowed to eat” or “We have permission to eat”
174	3:3	ujz2		These words are the end of Eve’s description of God’s command to them that begins with the words “We may eat” in verse 2. Eve told the serpent what God had permitted them to do first and then what God had told them not to do. Some languages would say what they were told not to do first and then say what they were allowed to do, as in the UST.
175	3:3	b76r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	The word “you” is plural and refers to the man and the woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
176	3:3	n3h9		“You must not eat it” or “Do not eat it”
177	3:3	dhv7		“and you must not touch it” or “and do not touch it”
178	3:4	fw9n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	These words refer to the man and the woman and so are dual or plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
179	3:5	rvj9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	These words refer to the man and the woman and so are dual or plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
180	3:5	k8qs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	“your eyes will open.” This idiom means “you will become aware of things” or “you will understand new things.” This meaning can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “It will be as though your eyes were opened” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
181	3:5	kv6j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	Here “good and evil” is a figure of speech that refers to both extremes and everything in between. See how you translated “knowledge of good and evil” in Genesis 2:9. Alternate translation: “knowing everything, including both good and evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
182	3:6	n2vt		“the tree was delightful to look at” or “it was nice to look at” or “it was very beautiful”
183	3:6	sw6q		“she wanted the tree’s fruit because it could make a person wise” or “she wanted its fruit because it could make her understand what was right and wrong just as God does”
184	3:7	yn1e		“Then their eyes opened” or “They became aware” or “They understood.” See how you translated “your eyes will be opened” in Genesis 3:5.
185	3:7	jp6y		put together, probably using vines as thread
186	3:7	y6l1		If people do not know what fig leaves are like, this can be translated as “large leaves from a fig tree” or simply “large leaves.”
187	3:7	l856	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	They did this because they were ashamed. This implicit information can be made explicit if needed as in the UST. Alternate translation: “clothed themselves with them because they were ashamed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
188	3:8	llf2		“at the time of day when a cool breeze blows”
189	3:8	gi6e		“from Yahweh God’s sight” or “so that Yahweh God would not see them” or “from Yahweh God”
190	3:9	c8sg		“Why are you trying to hide from me?” God knew where the man was. When the man answered, he did not say where he was but why he was hiding.
191	3:9	ijl7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	In verses 9 and 11, God was speaking to the man. Languages that have a singular form of “you” would use that here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
192	3:10	b8tp		“I heard the sound you were making”
193	3:11	ujb1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	God knew the answer to this question. He asked it in order to force Adam to confess that he had disobeyed God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
194	3:11	hny5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Again, God knew this had happened. Translate this question in a form that shows God was accusing Adam of disobedience. The sentence can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You must have eaten … from.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
195	3:13	fw79	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	God already knew what the woman had done. When he asked this question, he was giving her the opportunity to tell him about it, and he was expressing his disappointment with what she had done. Many languages use rhetorical questions for scolding or rebuking. If possible, use a form that expresses this disappointment. It can also be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You have done a terrible thing.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
196	3:14	w3bn		“you alone are cursed.” The word “curse” is first in Hebrew in order to emphasize the contrast between God’s blessing on the animals and this curse on the serpent. This is a “curse formula,” or the way that curses were expressed. By saying this curse, God made it happen.
197	3:14	x1b4		“all domestic animals and all wild animals”
198	3:14	yxn7		“You will move along the ground on your stomach.” The words “it is upon your stomach” comes first to emphasize the contrast between the way other animals would move along using their legs and the way the serpent would slither along on its stomach. This is also part of the curse formula.
199	3:14	p527		“you will eat dust.” The words “it is dust” comes first to emphasize the contrast between the plants above the ground that other animals would eat and the dirty food on the ground that the serpent would eat. This is part of the curse formula.
200	3:15	gi4d		This means that the serpent and the woman would become enemies.
201	3:15	p95z		The word “seed” refers to what a man puts into a woman to cause a baby to grow inside the woman. Like the word “offspring,” it can refer to more than one person. Try to find a word that is singular but can refer to more than one person.
202	3:15	iyz4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	The words “he” and “his” refer to the woman’s descendant. If “seed” was translated as plural, this can be translated as “they will bruise … their heel”; in this case, consider inserting footnotes to say that the “they” and “their” are used to translate a singular pronoun. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
203	3:15	k4z3		“crush” or “strike” or “attack”
204	3:16	hk7l		“I will make your pain increase much” or “I will make your pain to be very severe”
205	3:16	a74c		“in giving birth to children” or “when you give birth to children”
206	3:16	rt5m		“You will have a strong desire for your husband.” Possible meanings are (1) “You will want very much to be with your husband” or (2) “You will want to control your husband”
207	3:16	mk2u		“he will be your master” or “he will control you”
208	3:17	vtq5		The name Adam is the same as the Hebrew word for “man.” Some translations say “Adam” and some say “the man.” You may use either form as it refers to the same person.
209	3:17	f2pb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you have obeyed what your wife said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
210	3:17	jl8p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	You can say what it was that they ate. Alternate translation: “have eaten the fruit of the tree” or “have eaten some of the fruit of the tree” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
211	3:17	fhp5		“You must not eat from it” or “Do not eat its fruit”
212	3:17	rlw9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The word “curse” comes first in the sentence to emphasize that the ground, which had been “good” (Genesis 1:10), was now under God’s curse. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am cursing the ground” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
213	3:17	zjr5		“by doing hard work”
214	3:17	dg63	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “it” refers to the ground and is a metonym for the parts of the plants, which grow in the ground, that people eat. Alternate translation: “you will eat what grows from it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
215	3:18	zc9v		Possible meanings are (1) “the plants that you take care of in your fields” or (2) “the wild plants that grow in the open fields.”
216	3:19	kc7j		“By doing hard work that makes your face sweat”
217	3:19	pl6i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here the word “bread” is a synecdoche for food in general. Alternate translation: “you will eat food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
218	3:19	z9pa		“until you die and your body is put in the ground.” In some cultures, they put the bodies of people who have died in a hole in the ground. Man’s hard work does not end until the time of his death and burial.
219	3:19	hc39		“I made you from soil, so your body will become soil again.” Translate both occurrences of “dust” with the same word in order to show that man begins and ends in the same condition.
220	3:20	lzl1		Some translations say “Adam.”
221	3:20	qic8		“gave his wife the name Eve” or “named his wife Eve”
222	3:20	pn1z		Translators may write a footnote saying “The name Eve sounds like the Hebrew word that means ‘living.’”
223	3:20	wq8p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	The word “living” refers to people. Alternate translation: “all people” or “all living people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
224	3:21	an9a		“clothing made out of animal skins”
225	3:22	ve6w		Possible meanings are (1) God was referring to one human, the man, or (2) God was referring to humans in general, so this would mean the man and his wife. Even if God was speaking about one person, what he said applied to both of them.
226	3:22	gnj9		“like us.” The pronoun “us” is plural. See how you translated “Let us make” in Genesis 1:26.
227	3:22	x7q6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	Here “good and evil” is a figure of speech that refers to both extremes and everything in between. See how you translated “knowledge of good and evil” in Genesis 2:9. Alternate translation: “knowing everything, including both good and evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
228	3:22	vz41	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will not allow him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
229	3:22	qxt1		“the tree that gives people life.” See how you translated this in Genesis 2:9.
230	3:23	t7zb		“dirt because he had been taken from dirt.” This does not refer to the particular place on the land that the God took man from.
231	3:23	dri1		This means to what is needed so that plants grow well. See how you translated this in Genesis 2:5.
232	3:24	lwk4		“God forced the man to leave the garden.” This refers to the event in Genesis 3:23, where it says “Yahweh God sent him out of the garden of Eden.” God did not send the man out a second time.
233	3:24	jgc5		“in order to stop people from going to the tree of life”
234	3:24	uuj7		Possible meanings are (1) a sword that had flames coming from it or (2) a fire that was shaped like a sword. Languages that do not have swords could use another weapon such as a spear or arrow.
235	4:intro	a2f7		Genesis 04 General Notes Structure and formatting Most of the text in this chapter is prose, but 4:23-24 is poetry. If the translator should put these two verses into poetic form, or at least into elegant speech, different from the rest of the chapter. Special concepts in this chapter Vengeance The theme of vengeance is important in this chapter. Ancient Hebrew society allowed for people to seek revenge if a relative was murdered. After Cain murdered his brother Abel, he thought that he would be helpless against this danger because he had been driven away from God’s protection. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]]) The theme of vengeance continues with the words of Lamech, who had killed someone for injuring him: “I have killed a man for wounding me, a young man for bruising me. If Cain is avenged seven times as much, truly Lamech will be avenged seventy-seven times as much” (Gen. 4:23b-24).
236	4:1	eg45	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This is a polite way of saying that the man had sexual relations with Eve. You may need to use another euphemism in your language. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
237	4:1	vph2		“the human being” or “Adam”
238	4:1	l6v2		The word for “man” typically describes an adult male, rather than a baby or child. If that would cause confusion, it could be translated as “manchild” or “boy” or “baby boy” or “son.”
239	4:1	g2tx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Translators may want to include a footnote that says “The name Cain sounds like the Hebrew word that means ‘produce.’ Eve named him Cain because she produced him.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
240	4:2	hv71		We do not know how much time passed between the births of Cain and Abel. They may have been twins, or Abel may have been born after Eve became pregnant again. If possible, use an expression that does not tell how much time passed.
241	4:2	bpy1		This means he did everything he needed to do so that the plants would grow well. See how “cultivate” is translated in Genesis 2:5.
242	4:3	x19b		This phrase is used to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using that method here.
243	4:3	pvj2		Possible meanings are (1) “after some time had passed” or (2) “at the right time”
244	4:3	ph1l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This refers to the food that came from plants he had tended. Alternate translation: “crops” or “harvest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
245	4:4	zq2f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This refers to the fatty parts of the lambs that he had killed, it was the best part of the animal. Alternate translation: “some of their fat parts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
246	4:4	mi4f		“looked favorably upon” or “was pleased with”
247	4:5	rcs4		“did not look favorably upon” or “was not pleased with”
248	4:5	dyg6		Some languages have an idiom for anger such as “He burned” or “His anger burned.”
249	4:5	bwt7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This means that the expression on his face showed that he was angry or jealous. Some languages have an idiom that describes what a person’s face looks like when he is angry. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
250	4:6	pu1k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	God used these rhetorical questions to tell Cain that he was wrong to be angry and scowl. They may also have been intended to give Cain an opportunity to confess that he was wrong. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
251	4:7	ln9v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	God used this rhetorical question to remind Cain of something Cain should have already known. Alternate translation: “You know that if you do what is right, I will accept you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
252	4:7	j7ks	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	God speaks of sin as if it were a person. Alternate translation: “But if you do not do what is right, you will desire to sin even more, and then you will do sinful things. You must refuse to obey it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
253	4:7	eqb2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here sin is spoken of as a dangerous wild animal that is waiting for the chance to attack Cain. Alternate translation: “you will become so angry that you will not be able to stop sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
254	4:7	x8lx		Languages that do not have a noun that means “sin” could translate this as “your desire to sin” or “the bad things you want to do.”
255	4:7	s7tk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Yahweh speaks of Cain’s desire to sin as if it were a person over whom Cain should rule. Alternate translation: “you must control it so you do not sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
256	4:8	n4x9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants	Some early translations tell explicitly what Cain said to his brother. You may want to do the same if it is present in your national version. Alternate translation: “Cain said to Abel his brother, ‘Let us go into the fields.’” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
257	4:8	h58l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Abel was Cain’s younger brother. Some languages may need to use the word for “younger brother.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
258	4:8	znp9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Standing up to fight against a person is an idiom for attacking him. Alternate translation: “attacked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
259	4:9	rc6x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	God knew that Cain had killed Abel, but he asked Cain this question so that Cain would have to answer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
260	4:9	r4il	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Cain used this rhetorical question so that he would not have to tell the truth. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not my brother’s keeper!” or “You know that taking care of my brother is not my job!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
261	4:10	fs9s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	God uses a rhetorical question to rebuke Cain. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “What you have done is terrible!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
262	4:10	epa5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Abel’s blood is a metonym for his death, as if it were a person calling out for God to punish Cain. Alternate translation: “Your brother’s blood is like a person calling out to me to punish the person who killed him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
263	4:11	xi71	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I am cursing you so that you will not be able to grow food from the ground” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
264	4:11	p2h4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	God speaks of the earth as if it were a person who could drink Abel’s blood. Alternate translation: “which is soaked with your brother’s blood” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
265	4:11	n89j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here Cain is represented by his “hand,” to emphasize that he personally had killed his brother. Alternate translation: “that spilled when you killed him” or “from you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
266	4:12	s7z7		This means to do everything necessary to do so that the plants would grow well. See how “cultivate” is translated in Genesis 2:5.
267	4:12	t858	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	The ground is personified as if it were a person who loses strength. Alternate translation: “the ground will not produce much food for you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
268	4:12	vn98	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys	You can join these words together. Alternate translation: “A homeless wanderer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
269	4:14	e7mj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The term “your face” represents God’s presence. Alternate translation: “I will not be able to speak to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
270	4:14	qwi8		See how you translated this in Genesis 4:12
271	4:15	zay8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will take vengeance on him seven times” or “I will punish that person seven times as severely as I am punishing you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
272	4:15	y97q		“would not kill Cain”
273	4:16	f6yy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Even though Yahweh is everywhere, this idiom speaks of Cain as though he went far away. Alternate translation: “went away from where Yahweh spoke to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
274	4:16	rx4d		Translators may add a footnote saying “The word Nod means ‘wandering.’”
275	4:17	s2i7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This is a polite way of saying that Cain had sexual relations with his wife. You may need to use another euphemism in your language. See how you translated this in Genesis 4:1. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
276	4:17	bf1z		“Cain built a city”
277	4:18	n5ni	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It is implied that Enoch grew up and married a woman. Alternate translation: “Enoch grew up and married and became the father of a son whom he named Irad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
278	4:18	l1gq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
279	4:19	bm1j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	women’s names (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
280	4:20	urt3		See how you translated this woman’s name in Genesis 4:19.
281	4:20	ll8c		Possible meanings are (1) “He was the first person to live in a tent” or (2) “He and his descendants lived in tents.”
282	4:20	fpv4		people who both live in tents and also take care of animals
283	4:21	fv9d		Possible meanings are (1) “He was the first person to play the harp and pipe” or (2) “He and his descendants played the harp and pipe.”
284	4:22	m5qg		See how you translated this woman’s name in Genesis 4:19.
285	4:22	n1k8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	the name of a man (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
286	4:22	c64b		“who made tools out of bronze and iron”
287	4:22	k7q7		a very strong metal used to make tools and weapons.
288	4:23	p6mu		See how you translated these women’s names in Genesis 4:19.
289	4:23	f7di	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Lamech said the same thing twice for emphasis. His voice is a synecdoche for his whole person. Alternate translation: “listen carefully to me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
290	4:23	pa9h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Lamech killed only one person. These two phrases mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize the certainty of his action. Alternate translation: “a young man because he hurt me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
291	4:24	reh3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Lamech knows that God will avenge Cain seven times. Alternate translation: “Since God will punish anyone who kills Cain seven times, Lamech” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
292	4:24	w88s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “whoever kills me, God will punish seventy-seven times” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
293	4:24	mz2s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	77 (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
294	4:25	g5y9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This is a polite way of saying that Adam had sexual relations with his wife. You may need to use another euphemism in your language. See how you translated this in Genesis 4:1. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
295	4:25	y7i8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This is the reason that she named him Seth. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “explained, ‘God has given me another child” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
296	4:25	t9w6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translators may add a footnote that says “This name sounds like the Hebrew word that means ‘has given.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
297	4:26	aua4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Seth’s wife bore him a son” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
298	4:26	i4rs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This is the first time people called God by the name Yahweh. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “to worship God by using the name Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
299	5:intro	v62r		Genesis 05 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter provides the first of many lists of descendants in the Bible. This is not a simple list, because the author makes comments about each person. Translators should format this text in the way that is clearest in the project language. Many may choose to introduce each new person in a separate paragraph, as the ULT and UST do.
300	5:1	wj9n		This is the beginning of the list of Adam’s descendants.
301	5:1	qwp1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	This phrase means that God made mankind to be like him. This verse does not tell in what ways God made people to be like himself. God does not have a body, so it does not mean that people would look like God. See how “after our likeness” is translated in Genesis 1:26. Alternate translation: “to truly be like us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
302	5:2	j6nz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be made active. Alternate translation: “when he created them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
303	5:3	zcj2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	Translators may write the words “one hundred thirty.” (The ULT and the UST use numerals if the number has three or more words; they use words if a number has only one or two words.) (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
304	5:3	a62w		“he had a son”
305	5:3	al1g		These two phrases mean the same thing. They are used as a reminder that God made man in his own image. See how you translated similar phrases in Genesis 1:26.
306	5:3	t33a		See how you translated this name in Genesis 4:25.
307	5:4	k8qg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	Translators may write the numerals “800.” (The ULT and the UST use numerals if the number has three or more words; they use words if a number has only one or two words.) (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
308	5:4	y8af		“He had more sons and daughters”
309	5:5	j99s		This phrase will be repeated throughout the chapter. Use the ordinary word for “died.”
310	5:5	tw8v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“Adam lived nine hundred and thirty years.” People used to live a very long time. Use your ordinary word for “years.” Alternate translation: “Adam lived a total of 930 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
311	5:6	r7dg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“one hundred and five years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
312	5:6	lqy1		Here “father” means his actual father, not his grandfather. Alternate translation: “he had his son Enosh”
313	5:6	ek6r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
314	5:7	t48l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“eight hundred and seven years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
315	5:7	g73m		“and had more sons and daughters”
316	5:8	sh2z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“Seth lived nine hundred and twelve years.” Seth lived a total of 912 years. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
317	5:8	wqz6		This phrase is repeated throughout the chapter. Use the ordinary word for “died.”
318	5:9	qbk4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	The records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in Genesis 5:6-8. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
319	5:9	es59	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“90 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
320	5:10	q4y5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“eight hundred and fifteen years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
321	5:11	kjj5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“nine hundred and give years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
322	5:12	s2nr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	The records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in Genesis 5:6-8. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
323	5:12	xpk5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“70 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
324	5:13	n3df	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“eight hundred and forty years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
325	5:14	k461	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“nine hundred and ten years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
326	5:15	bi8l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	The records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in Genesis 5:6-8. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
327	5:18	hfg3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	The records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in Genesis 5:6-8. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
328	5:21	i3dx		“he had his son Methuselah”
329	5:21	se6e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
330	5:22	w9tp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	To walk with someone is a metaphor for being in a close relationship with him. Alternate translation: “Enoch had a close relationship with God” or “Enoch lived in union with God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
331	5:22	bmi4		“He had more sons and daughters”
332	5:23	rs6f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“Enoch lived three hundred and sixty-five years.” Enoch lived a total of 365 years. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
333	5:24	nyq3		The word “he” refers to Enoch. He was no longer on earth.
334	5:24	lhk8		This means that God took Enoch to be with himself (God).
335	5:25	y9rj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	The records in Genesis 5:6-27 have the same format. Translate them according to the notes in Genesis 5:6-8. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
336	5:25	nk49		This Lamech is different from the Lamech in Genesis 4:18.
337	5:28	ljh7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“one hundred and eighty-two years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
338	5:28	u994		“had a son”
339	5:29	fk97	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translators may want to add a footnote that says: “This name sounds like the Hebrew word that means ‘rest.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
340	5:29	lr8d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	Lamech says the same thing twice to emphasize how hard the work was. Alternate translation: “from working so hard with our hands” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
341	5:30	ah2j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“five hundred and ninety-five years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
342	5:31	kv28	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“Lamech lived seven hundred seventy-seven years.” Lamech lived a total of 777 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
343	5:32	z148		“he had his sons.” This does not tell us whether the sons were born on the same day or in different years.
344	5:32	n65e		These sons may not be listed in the order of their birth. There is disagreement about which one was the oldest. Avoid translating this in a way that implies that the list is in the order of their ages.
345	6:intro	ak78		Genesis 06 General Notes Structure and formatting Beginning in 6:22, the author gives statements summarizing events he tells about again in the text that follows. In the next chapter, the author sometimes gives summary statements that introduce events for the first time. If these statements, and the surrounding events, are not carefully translated, readers can believe that the same events happened twice or three times instead of only one time. Translators should be careful not to give this impression.
346	6:1	x6gk		This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
347	6:1	dj4v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be active. Alternate translation: “the women bore daughters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
348	6:2	l1va		Translators could add a footnote saying: “It is not clear whether this refers to heavenly beings or human beings. In either case, they were beings that God created.” Some believe these words refer to angels who rebelled against God, that is, evil spirits or demons. Others think this may refer to powerful political rulers, and others think this may refer to the descendants of Seth.
349	6:3	lz4s		Here Yahweh is talking about himself and his spirit, which is the Spirit of God.
350	6:3	et8s		This means that they have physical bodies that will one day die.
351	6:3	pvv2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“They will live one hundred and twenty years.” Possible meanings are (1) the normal lifespan of people would decrease to 120 years. Alternate translation: “They will not live more than 120 years” or (2) in 120 years everyone would die. Alternate translation: “They will live only 120 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
352	6:4	e44a		very tall, large people
353	6:4	ih17		“The giants were born because”
354	6:4	et78		See how you translated this in Genesis 6:2.
355	6:4	slb2		“These giants were the mighty men who lived long ago” or “These children grew to become the powerful fighters who lived long ago”
356	6:4	sk1e		men who are courageous and victorious in battle
357	6:4	u34f		“famous men”
358	6:5	q6rz		“everything their hearts wanted to think about”
359	6:5	id88	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The writer speaks of the heart as if it were the part of the body that thinks. Your language may use a word other than “heart” to talk about the part of people that thinks. Alternate translation: “their inner, secret thoughts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
360	6:6	mr7b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The writer speaks of the heart as if it were the part of the body that feels sadness. Your language may use a word other than “heart” to talk about the emotions. Alternate translation: “he was very, very sad about it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
361	6:7	tk23	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The writer speaks of God killing people as if God were wiping dirt off a flat surface. Alternate translation: “I will destroy mankind … so that there will not be any people on the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
362	6:7	if98	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish	Some languages would need to translate this as two sentences. Alternate translation: “I created mankind. I will wipe them away” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
363	6:7	ss97		“completely destroy.” Here “wipe away” is used in a negative sense, for God is talking about destroying the people because of their sin.
364	6:8	sc4m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The phrase “found favor” is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “Yahweh looked favorably on Noah” or “Yahweh was pleased with Noah” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
365	6:9	y7rc		This begins the story of Noah, which continues into chapter 9.
366	6:9	nwq5		“This is the account of Noah”
367	6:9	eh9u		See how you translated this in Genesis 5:21.
368	6:10	sf7p		“Noah had three sons” or “Noah’s wife had three sons”
369	6:10	kk5r		Translators may add the following footnote: “The sons are not listed in the order in which they were born.”
370	6:11	ym2f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Possible meanings are (1) the people who lived on the earth or (2) “The earth itself.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
371	6:11	cmt9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The people doing what is evil is spoken of as if they were food that has become rotten. Alternate translation: “was rotten” or “was completely evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
372	6:11	uj42		Possible meanings are (1) “in God’s sight” or (2) “in the presence of Yahweh” as in Genesis 4:16.
373	6:11	taq9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The writer speaks of violence as if it were something that could be put into a container and of the earth as a container. Alternate translation: “and there were very many violent people on the earth” or “because it was full of people who did evil things to each other” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
374	6:12	j3ek		The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
375	6:12	ut53	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Possible meanings for what “all flesh” represents are (1) all human beings or (2) all physical beings, including humans and animal. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
376	6:12	ds5x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	How a person behaves is spoken of as if it were a way or road. Alternate translation: “had stopped living the way God wanted” or “had behaved in an evil way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
377	6:13	qem8		See how you translated these words in Genesis 6:12.
378	6:13	hw2i		“people everywhere on earth are violent”
379	6:13	tw4l		“I will destroy both them and the earth” or “I will destroy them when I destroy the earth”
380	6:14	c3m5		This refers to a very large box that would be able to float on water even in a very bad storm. “a large boat” or “a ship” or “a barge”
381	6:14	m88q		People do not know exactly what kind of tree this was. “wood used for building boats” or “good wood”
382	6:14	a94b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The reason for doing this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “spread pitch on it” or “paint tar on it” or “cover it with pitch to make it waterproof” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
383	6:14	ryf4		This is a thick, sticky or oily liquid that people put on the outside of a boat to stop water from going through gaps in the wood into the boat.
384	6:15	cz5l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance	A cubit was a unit of measure, a little less than half a meter long. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
385	6:15	xri9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance	“138 meters.” You may use the Hebrew measuring units from the ULT or the metric units from the UST or your own culture’s units if you know how they compare to the metric units. You may also write a footnote that says: “Three hundred cubits is about 138 meters.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
386	6:15	y496	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance	“twenty-three meters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
387	6:15	u2h3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance	“fourteen meters” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
388	6:16	bv39		This was probably a peaked or slanted roof. Its purpose was to protect everything in the ark from the rain.
389	6:16	se34	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance	A cubit was a little less than half a meter long. See how you translated this in Genesis 6:15. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bdistance]])
390	6:16	ml4z		“a lower deck, a middle deck, and an upper deck” or “three decks inside”
391	6:16	gl2q		“floor” or “level”
392	6:17	f72f		God said this in order to emphasize that he would do what he was about to say. “Pay attention” or “Listen to what I am saying”
393	6:17	b6s7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	In some languages it may b e better to say “to send” instead of “to bring. It is also possible to avoid the direction and say “to cause.” Alternate translation: “I am about to send a flood of waters” or “I am about to cause a flood” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
394	6:17	h8ev	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “flesh” represents all physical beings, including humans and animals. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
395	6:17	jv7g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “breath” represents life. Alternate translation: “that lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
396	6:18	ycd4		“make a covenant between you and me”
397	6:18	uqa9		with Noah
398	6:18	c9jq		“You will enter the ark.” Some translations say “You will go into the ark.”
399	6:19	gs78		“You must bring into the ark two of every kind of living creature”
400	6:19	x8zw		an animal God created
401	6:19	v6ar		See how you translated these words in Genesis 6:12.
402	6:20	v1mj		“of each different kind”
403	6:20	ua1j		This refers to small animals that move on the ground .
404	6:20	b3i9		This refers to two of every kind of bird and animal.
405	6:20	f2s1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	This refers to Noah and so is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
406	6:20	msl4		“so you can keep them alive”
407	6:21	w126	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	These refer to Noah and are singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
408	6:21	bbh4		“food that people and animals eat”
409	6:22	df5r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These two sentences mean the same thing. The second sentence explains the first and emphasizes that Noah obeyed God. These parallel sentences can be combined into one. Alternate translation: “So Noah did everything that God commanded him to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
410	7:intro	n23k		Genesis 07 General Notes Structure and formatting In this chapter, the author continues his pattern of statements that summarize events already described, and of repeating events that have already happened. Again, careful translation is necessary so that readers do not think that the same events happened more than one time in the story. Special attention in this regard should be given to 7:5,10,13, and 17. Special concepts in this chapter Clean animals and birds Noah sacrificed to Yahweh some of the “clean” animals and birds that he had with him (8:20). These were animals and birds that the Hebrew people would later consider to be fit to eat and to sacrifice to God. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/clean]]) Water underneath and over the earth The flood is presented as occurring because of rain pouring out of the sky and because of seawater rising from under the earth. This is because the ancient Hebrews pictured the earth as resting on top of the sea. They also pictured the sky as containing water above the earth that poured down through windows in the sky when God allowed it to rain. Translators should not try to change this picture in order to suit what readers believe about the world. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])
411	7:1	n13c		The events in this chapter take place after Noah built the ark, gathered the food, and put it in the ark.
412	7:1	iml7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	“Enter … into the ark.” Many translations read “Go … into the ark.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
413	7:1	lh4z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	The word “you” refers to Noah and is singular. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
414	7:1	jtj5		“your family”
415	7:1	d59a		This means that God saw Noah as righteous.
416	7:1	c6rt		This refers to all the people who were living at that time. Alternate translation: “among all the people who are now living”
417	7:2	qv8l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	“take.” Many translations read “you will take.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
418	7:2	j5le		This was an animal that God allowed his people to eat and to sacrifice.
419	7:2	js39		These were animals that God did not allow people to eat or to sacrifice.
420	7:3	t2rp		“so that they will have offspring that will live” or “so that, after the flood, animals will continue to live”
421	7:4	v9e3		This was a full forty days. It was not a total of eighty days. Alternate translation: “forty days and nights”
422	7:4	ss6k		This refers to physical life.
423	7:6	a3lu		Verses 6-12 repeat for a second time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in Genesis 7:1-5. This is not a new event.
424	7:6	y68j		“happened” or “came on the earth”
425	7:7	jew8		“because of the flood that would come” or “to escape the flood water”
426	7:8	z9t2		Verses 6-12 repeat for a second time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in Genesis 7:1-5. This is not a new event.
427	7:8	u2ij		These were animals that God allowed people to eat and to give to him as sacrifices.
428	7:8	er9l		These were animals that God did not allow people to eat or to give to him as sacrifices.
429	7:9	ib15		The animals entered the boat in pairs of one male and one female.
430	7:10	z7w9		This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story: the start of the flood. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
431	7:10	kkc2		“after seven days” or “seven days later”
432	7:10	uy9m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The implicit information, “it started to rain” can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “it started to rain and the waters of the flood came upon the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
433	7:11	gsi1		Verses 6-12 repeat for a second time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in Genesis 7:1-5. This is not a new event.
434	7:11	ybc8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	“When Noah was 600 years old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
435	7:11	wi34	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	Since Moses wrote this book, it is possible he is referring to the second month of the Hebrew calendar. But this is uncertain. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
436	7:11	m7m8		This refers to the specific day when the rain began. This phrase emphasizes how all of these major events happened quickly when the time arrived.
437	7:11	tw87		“water from under the earth rushed up to the earth’s surface”
438	7:11	nsh5		This refers to the sea that was thought to be under the earth.
439	7:11	qtm7		This refers to rain. It describes the sky as a ceiling that keeps the waters above it from falling down to the earth. When the windows, or doors, in the sky were opened, the water came down through them. Alternate translation: “the sky opened” or “the doors in the sky opened”
440	7:12	ri9c		If your language has a word for a great amount of rain, it would be appropriate here.
441	7:13	dh5z		Verses 13-18 repeat for a third time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in Genesis 7:1-5. This is not a new event.
442	7:13	yp26		“On that exact day.” This refers to the day that the rain started. Verses 13-16 tell what Noah did immediately before the rain began.
443	7:14	l52z		These four groups are listed to show that every kind of animal was included. If your language has another way of grouping all the animals, you can use that, or you can use these groups. See how you translated this in Genesis 1:24.
444	7:14	ayv5		This refers to animals that crawl on the ground, like rodents, insects, lizards, and snakes.
445	7:14	v2bb		“so that each kind of animal will produce more of its own kind.” See how you translated this in Genesis 1:24.
446	7:15	i5qf		Verses 13-18 repeat for a third time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in Genesis 7:1-5. This is not a new event.
447	7:15	pbr7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “flesh” represents animals. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
448	7:15	d2w3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “breath” represents life. Alternate translation: “that lived” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
449	7:15	lgu4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	The word “came” can be translated as “went.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
450	7:15	uni5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “flesh” represents animals. Alternate translation: “of every kind of animal” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
451	7:16	j6fz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The full meaning can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “after they entered the ark” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
452	7:17	ea6p		Verses 13-18 repeat for a third time and give more detail about how Noah went into the ark with his family and the animals in Genesis 7:1-5. This is not a new event.
453	7:17	b3ji		“the water became very deep.” This happened during the forty days while the water kept coming.
454	7:17	ww1c		“it caused the ark to float”
455	7:17	n9ke		“causes the ark to rise up high over the ground” or “he ark floated on top of the deep water”
456	7:19	j266		“The water totally overwhelmed the earth”
457	7:20	k8t7		“six meters.” See how you translated this in Genesis 6:15.
458	7:21	x8dz		“moved about” or “roamed”
459	7:21	hq98		This refers to all the animals that move around on the ground in large groups.
460	7:22	wlj2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “noses” represent the whole animal or human. Alternate translation: “everyone that breathed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
461	7:22	cdp8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The words “breath” and “life” represent the power that causes people and animals to be alive. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
462	7:23	ki1a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	If necessary, this can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So every living thing … perished” or “So the flood completely destroyed every living thing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
463	7:23	wvw2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God destroyed them all” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
464	7:23	pnx5		“so they were no longer on the earth”
465	7:23	drq1		“the people and animals that were with him”
466	7:23	g46l		“remained” or “lived” or “remained alive”
467	8:intro	z61w		Genesis 08 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 8:22, which is part of what Yahweh was telling Noah. Special concepts in this chapter Flood waters The waters receded after this great flood. Because there was so much water, and it came from God, it is described in a unique way. The mountains of Ararat It is unclear where Ararat was located. Many people believe it is located in the modern country of Turkey.
468	8:1	vs3j		“remembered Noah” or “decided to help Noah”
469	8:1	xtv9		This refers to a very large box that would be able to float on water even in a very bad storm. See how you translated this in Genesis 6:14. Alternate translation: “a large boat” or “a ship” or “a barge”
470	8:2	zi8q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	“The water stopped coming out of the ground and the rain stopped falling.” This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God closed the fountains of the deep and the windows of heaven” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
471	8:2	p1zi		“water from under the earth.” See how this is translated in Genesis 7:11.
472	8:2	dh7e		This refers to the rain stopping. It describes the sky as a ceiling that keeps the waters above it from falling down to the earth. When the windows, or doors, in the sky were closed, the water stopped coming through them. See how “the windows of heaven” is translated in Genesis 7:11. Alternate translation: “the sky closed” or “the doors in the sky closed”
473	8:4	te6b		“landed” or “stopped on solid ground”
474	8:4	fi75	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	Because Moses wrote this book, it is possible he is referring to the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar, but this is uncertain. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
475	8:5	gf1v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	Because Moses wrote this book, it is possible he is referring to the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar, but this is uncertain. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
476	8:5	l1gg		“On the first day of the tenth month”
477	8:5	yhx2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This can be made more explicit: “appeared above the surface of the water.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
478	8:6	lmm4		This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. Alternate translation: “It happened that”
479	8:6	k8bq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish	The phrase “which he had made” tells about the window. Some languages may need to make this phrase a separate sentence: “Noah had made a window in the boat. It came about after forty days that he opened the window” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
480	8:7	rm8x		a black bird that eats mainly the flesh of dead animals
481	8:7	s2vc		This means that the raven kept leaving the boat and returning.
482	8:7	dn2u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “until the wind dried up the waters” or “until the waters dried up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
483	8:8	f1ln		If you use masculine pronouns for the word “dove,” you may need to insert Noah’s name here to avoid confusion: “Noah sent out a dove.”
484	8:9	r2x5		“to land” or “to perch.” It means to land on something in order to rest from flying.
485	8:9	clq5		The word “dove” is feminine in the author’s language. You could translate these phrases with the pronouns “its … it … it” or “his … he … him,” depending on how your language refers to a dove.
486	8:9	rst8		If you use masculine pronouns for the word “dove,” you may need to insert Noah’s name here to avoid confusion: “Noah sent out a dove,” “Noah stretched forth his hand,” etc.
487	8:10	p48z		“He again waited for seven days”
488	8:11	hjg1		“Pay attention” or “This is important”
489	8:11	mc6s		“a leaf that she had just plucked from an olive tree”
490	8:11	nbw2		“broken off”
491	8:12	x79p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	If people would not understand, you could state the reason explicitly: “She did not return again to him because she found a place to land.” (See:[[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
492	8:13	ejr2		This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
493	8:13	nhb3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	“when Noah was 601 years old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
494	8:13	k4h8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	Since Moses wrote this book it is possible he is referring to the first month of the Hebrew calendar, but this is uncertain. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
495	8:13	dvf1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the waters covering the earth dried up” or “the wind dried up the waters covering the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
496	8:13	uyy6		This refers to a cover that kept the rain water from going into the ark.
497	8:13	l4nx		The word “behold” tells us to pay attention to the important information that comes next.
498	8:14	afz6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths	“On the twenty seventh day of the second month.” This may refer to the second month of the Hebrew calendar, but this is uncertain. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
499	8:14	tn29		“the ground was completely dry”
500	8:16	k1zj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	“Leave.” Some translations read “Come out.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
501	8:17	y1p1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	“Take.” Some translations read “Bring out.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
502	8:17	cg9q		“every kind of living creature.” See how “all flesh” is translated in Genesis 6:12.
503	8:17	bv2p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	This is an idiom. See how this is translated in Genesis 1:28. God wanted the humans and animals to reproduce, so there would be many of them. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
504	8:18	e5a9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	Some translations read “Noah came out.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
505	8:19	g5xb		“in groups of their own kinds”
506	8:20	wu8x		“built an altar dedicated to Yahweh” or “built an altar for worshiping Yahweh.” He may have built it with stones.
507	8:20	y625		Here “clean” means that God allowed these animals to be used in sacrifice. Some animals were not used for sacrifices and were called “unclean.”
508	8:20	t66t		Noah killed the animals and then completely burned them up as an offering to God. Alternate translation: “burned the animals as offerings to Yahweh”
509	8:21	z8wm		This refers to the good smell of the roasted meat.
510	8:21	v91q		Here the word “heart” refers to God’s thoughts and emotions.
511	8:21	li87		“do very serious harm to the earth”
512	8:21	t7q2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This can be made more explicit: “because mankind is sinful.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
513	8:21	k2f9		“from their earliest years they tend to do evil things” or “when they are young, they want to do evil things”
514	8:21	i5xk		Here the word “hearts” refers to people’s thoughts, emotions, desires, and will. Alternate translation: “their tendency” or “their habit”
515	8:21	me8a		This refers to an older child. Alternate translation: “from their youth”
516	8:22	t468		“While the earth lasts” or “As long as the earth exists”
517	8:22	mwx9		“the season for planting”
518	8:22	v7fe	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	These expressions both refer to two major weather conditions in the year. Translators may use local expressions. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
519	8:22	wu43		the hot, dry time of the year
520	8:22	t9hn		the cool, wet or snowy time of the year
521	8:22	vy7b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	“will not cease to exist” or “will not cease to occur.” This can be expressed in a positive manner. Alternate translation: “will continue” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
522	9:intro	at1n		Genesis 09 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers or songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 9:6-7, which is the poetic part of the quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. They also set apart 9:25-27, which contains two quotations. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 9:6 and 9:25-27. Special concepts in this chapter Man’s relationship to animals There is a noticeable shift in man’s relationship with the animals on the earth. Before the flood, there apparently was harmony between man and the animals. After the flood, the animals fear man and man is permitted to eat the animals, something he was not allowed to do previously. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Life in the blood This chapter introduces the concept that there is life in the blood of an animal and in man. In Hebrew thought, blood represents the life present in a living thing. This is an image used throughout Scripture. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/life]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]]) Covenant with Noah God made a covenant with Noah. This covenant was an unconditional promise God made to never destroy the whole world with a flood. Rainbows are a perpetual sign of this covenant. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) A father’s nakedness In Noah’s culture, it was unacceptable to see a father’s nakedness. It was wrong for Ham to show his brothers their father’s nakedness. Ham’s actions were insulting or disrespectful. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter “Be fruitful, multiply, and fill the earth” This is a command that God gives. He expects Noah to obey him.
523	9:1	bpc9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	This is God’s blessing. He told Noah and his family to produce more humans like themselves, so that there would be many of them. The word “multiply” explains how they are to be “fruitful.” See how you translated these commands in Genesis 1:28. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
524	9:2	e28l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The writer speaks of fear and dread as if they were physical objects that could be upon the animals. Alternate translation: “Every living animal … and all the fish of the sea will be dreadfully afraid of you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
525	9:2	ax85	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The words “fear” and “dread” mean basically the same thing and emphasize how afraid the animals will be of mankind. Alternate translation: “A dreadful fear of you” or “A terrible fear of you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
526	9:2	gm7c		This is the first of the four categories of animals that the writer lists, and not a summary of the rest of the animals that he mentions next.
527	9:2	qqp7		This is a general term for things that fly. See how you translated this in Genesis 1:21.
528	9:2	fhz4		This includes all types of small animals. See how you translated this in Genesis 1:25.
529	9:2	g7t3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The hand represents control. This can be made active. Alternate translation: “They are given into your control” or “I have put them under your control” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
530	9:3	gxp7		God continues speaking to Noah and his sons.
531	9:4	s9mx		Translators may add a footnote such as this: “The blood is a symbol for life.” They may also add a footnote that says something like this: “God was commanding people not to eat meat while the blood was still in it. They had to drain out the blood first.”
532	9:5	jd7y		God continues speaking to Noah and his sons.
533	9:5	t1t8		This contrasts man’s blood with the blood of animals (Genesis 9:4).
534	9:5	w9jw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It is implied that the blood is shed, or poured out, or spilled out. Alternate translation: “if anyone causes your blood to pour out” or “if anyone spills your blood” or “if anyone kills you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
535	9:5	c5je		This refers to physical life.
536	9:5	sp2y		This payment refers to the death of the murderer, not to money. Alternate translation: “I will require anyone who kills you to pay”
537	9:5	f5z4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here the word “hand” refers to the one who is responsible for something happening. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
538	9:5	ihu7		“I will require any animal that takes your life to pay”
539	9:5	kr1g		“I will require anyone who takes the life of another person to pay”
540	9:5	hye6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	This phrase refers to the person in a very personal way. Alternate translation: “From that very man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
541	9:5	n71j		Here “brother” is used as a general reference to relatives, such as members of the same tribe, clan, or people group.
542	9:6	ghj9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The shedding of blood is a metaphor for killing someone. This means that if a person murders someone, someone else must kill the murderer. However, “blood” is very significant in this passage and should be used in the translation if possible. Translate “sheds blood” with words that indicate a major loss of blood that causes death. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
543	9:6	pnh5		“because God made people to be like him” or “because I made people in my own image”
544	9:7	r2cz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	This is God’s blessing. He told Noah and his family to produce more humans like themselves, so that there would be many of them. The word “multiply” explains how they are to be “fruitful.” See how you translated this in Genesis 1:28. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
545	9:8	ra1n		God was already speaking to them. This phrase marks a change in what God was going to speak about. Alternate translation: “God continued speaking to Noah and his sons” or “Then God went on to say”
546	9:9	cpy2		This phrase is used in English to mark the change from God talking about what Noah and his sons must do to talking about what God would do.
547	9:9	maf2		“make a covenant between you and me.” See how you translated this in Genesis 6:18.
548	9:11	q967		God continues speaking to Noah and his sons.
549	9:11	lay9		“By saying this, I make my covenant with you.” See how similar words are translated in Genesis 6:18.
550	9:11	zug5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Possible meanings for what “all flesh” represents are (1) all human beings or (2) all physical beings, including humans and animal. See how this is translated in Genesis 6:12. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
551	9:11	wr5z		“There will never again be a flood that destroys the earth.” There would be floods, but they would not destroy the whole earth.
552	9:12	r1uh		This means a reminder of something that was promised.
553	9:12	tl5l		The covenant applies to Noah and his family and also to all generations that follow.
554	9:14	l8xy		God continues speaking to Noah and his sons.
555	9:14	s4e4		“Whenever.” It is something that would happen many times.
556	9:14	f9zr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	It is not clear who will see the rainbow, but because the covenant is between Yahweh and people, if you need to say who it is who will see the rainbow, it would be best to name both Yahweh and people. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people and I see the rainbow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
557	9:14	kg5c		the colorful strip of light that appears in the rain when the sun shines from behind the viewer
558	9:15	i9p6		This does not mean that God would first forget. Alternate translation: “I will think about my covenant”
559	9:15	d7pg		The word “you” is plural. God was speaking to Noah and Noah’s sons.
560	9:15	lk6n		“every kind of living being”
561	9:15	vn2n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Possible meanings for what “all flesh” represents are (1) all human beings or (2) all physical beings, including humans and animal. See how this is translated in Genesis 6:12. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
562	9:16	kbz5		God continues speaking to Noah and his sons.
563	9:16	b2e4		“so that I will remember” or “so that I will think about”
564	9:16	kf45		God is speaking here. Alternate translation: “between me and every living creature”
565	9:16	m4th		“every kind of living being.” See how you translated this in Genesis 9:15.
566	9:17	x593		God was already talking to Noah. This phrase marks the final part of what God was saying. Alternate translation: “God finished by saying to Noah” or “So God said to Noah”
567	9:18	n7g4		Verses 18-19 introduce the three sons of Noah, who will be an important part of the next story.
568	9:18	zxn9		Ham was Canaan’s true father.
569	9:20	bvi9		person who raises plants for food
570	9:21	d5k4		“drank too much wine”
571	9:21	e6dg		The text does not specify how much of Noah’s body was uncovered as he lay drunk. His sons’ reactions show us that it was shameful.
572	9:22	xd8e		This refers to Noah.
573	9:24	ka8c		In verses 25-27 Noah pronounced a curse on Ham’s son and blessings on Ham’s brothers. What Noah said about them also applied to their descendants, as shown in the UST. Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in Noah’s curse and blessings in verses 25-27.
574	9:24	w9sj		He awoke after drinking wine and becoming drunk. He “became sober.”
575	9:24	y2mt		This refers to Ham. Alternate translation: “his youngest son, Ham”
576	9:25	tmj7		“I curse Canaan” or “May bad things happen to Canaan”
577	9:25	p9e7		This was one of Ham’s sons. Alternate translation: “Ham’s son Canaan”
578	9:25	kp5y		“the lowest servant of his brothers” or “the least important servant of his brothers”
579	9:25	ey5x		This could refer either to Canaan’s brothers or to his relatives in general.
580	9:26	rx6d		If you can, format these verses as they are formatted here to show your readers that this is poetry.
581	9:26	w1a7		“Praised be Yahweh, the God of Shem,” or “Yahweh, the God of Shem, is worthy of praise” or “I praise Yahweh, the God of Shem”
582	9:27	s54q		“And let Canaan be Shem’s servant.” This includes Canaan’s and Shem’s descendants.
583	9:27	hh2y		Possible meanings are (1) “May God make Japheth’s territory larger” or (2) “May God cause Japheth to have many descendants.”
584	9:27	bxj1		“let him leave peacefully with Shem.” This includes Japheth’s and Shem’s descendants.
585	9:27	x2sl		“Let Canaan be Japheth’s servant.” This includes Canaan’s and Japheth’s descendants.
586	10:intro	z42v		Genesis 10 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter begins a genealogical record. It also records the location of ancient people groups. Special concepts in this chapter Assyria and Nineveh While these places may be located in the same area as the Assyria mentioned later in Scripture, they are not the same kingdom. Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter “Sons were born to” This is an unusual phrase meaning “were sons of.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
587	10:1	h24x		“This is the account of Noah’s sons.” This sentence introduces the account of Noah’s descendants in Genesis 10:1-11:9.
588	10:5	w1ea		“Javan’s sons and descendants separated and moved to the coastlands and islands”
589	10:5	pl9t		This refers to people who lived along the coast and on the islands.
590	10:5	xw9u		“their homelands.” These are the places that the people moved to and lived in.
591	10:5	nhz9		“Each people group spoke its own language” or “The people groups divided themselves according to their languages”
592	10:6	s5fj		Mizraim is the Hebrew name for “Egypt.”
593	10:8	f6b4		Possible meanings are (1) “mighty warrior” or (2) “mighty man” or (3) “powerful ruler.”
594	10:9	k3vf		Possible meanings are (1) “in Yahweh’s sight” or (2) “with Yahweh’s help”
595	10:9	ig4i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs	This introduces a proverb. Your language may introduce proverbs and sayings in a different way. Alternate translation: “This is the reason people say” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])
596	10:10	i218		Possible meanings are (1) the first centers he developed or (2) the important cities.
597	10:11	ufj6		“Nimrod went into Assyria”
598	10:13	d3j7		The list of Noah’s descendants continues.
599	10:13	yc8k		Mizraim was one of Ham’s sons. His descendants became the people of Egypt. Mizraim is the Hebrew name for Egypt.
600	10:16	l6at		These names refer to larger groups of people that descended from Canaan.
601	10:19	h65z		line between one person’s land and another person’s land
602	10:19	vy73	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The direction south can be stated explicitly if needed. Alternate translation: “from Sidon city in the north as far south as Gaza town, which is near Gerar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
603	10:19	rp9w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The direction “east” or “inland” can be stated explicitly if needed. Alternate translation: “then east toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboyim towns, as far as Lasha” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
604	10:20	b2zq		The word “these” refers to the people and people groups who were listed in verses Genesis 6-19.
605	10:20	t4tj		“broken up according to their different languages”
606	10:20	w46b		“in their homelands”
607	10:24	ns9i		Arphaxad was one of Shem’s sons.
608	10:25	a5uy		Translators may add a footnote note that says: “The name Peleg means ‘division.’”
609	10:25	wad2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be made active. Alternate translation: “the people of the earth divided themselves” or “the people of the earth separated from one another” or “God divided the people of the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
610	10:26	dqg8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Joktan was one of Eber’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
611	10:29	n82g		“These” here refers to the sons of Joktan.
612	10:30	s9ds		“The land they controlled” or “The land they lived in”
613	10:31	s4mu		The word “these” refers to the descendants of Shem (Genesis 10:21-29).
614	10:32	lws8		This refers back to all the people listed in Genesis 10:1-31.
615	10:32	rr78		“listed by”
616	10:32	a96c		“From these clans the nations divided and spread over the earth” or “These clans divided from each other and formed the nations of the earth”
617	10:32	bp4b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This can be stated clearly or more explicitly. Alternate translation: “after the flood destroyed the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
618	11:intro	ecl3		Genesis 11 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter is a story traditionally referred to as the “Tower of Babel.” This chapter seeks to answer the questions: why do people speak different languages? how did people become so dispersed across the earth? God’s punishment described in this chapter may also explain why the world has racial and ethnic divisions. Special concepts in this chapter Age of people when they die After the flood, people began to live shorter lives. This chapter begins to record the shortening of the average lifespan. Important figures of speech in this chapter Personification The statement “Yahweh came down to see” is a type of personification. Yahweh always knows what happens on earth. This statement indicates that Yahweh is about to bring judgment on mankind. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter “Let us build ourselves a city and a tower whose top will reach to the sky” The people were very full of pride and rebelled against God in this action. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
619	11:1	ar7x		This word shows that the writer is beginning a new part of the story.
620	11:1	gr4c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This represents all the people on the earth. Alternate translation: “all the people on the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
621	11:1	y7c6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that all people spoke the same language. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
622	11:2	c5a7		“they moved around”
623	11:2	p5qy		Possible meanings are (1) “in the east” or (2) “from the east” or (3) “to the east.” The preferred choice is “in the east” because Shinar is to the east of where scholars believe the ark came to rest.
624	11:2	a3c6		stopped moving from one place to another and began to live at one location
625	11:3	mad2		If your language has a way of urging or commanding people to begin work, like the English “Come on!” you might use it here.
626	11:3	z6gz		People make bricks out of clay and heat them in a very hot oven to make them hard and strong.
627	11:3	ihz3		a thick, sticky, black liquid that comes up from the ground
628	11:3	zxv1		This is a thick substance made of lime powder, clay, sand, and water used to make stones or bricks stick together.
629	11:4	nzr5		“let us make our reputation great”
630	11:4	rxx9		reputation
631	11:4	ejq9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we will separate from each other and live in different places” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
632	11:5	v8n7		“the people”
633	11:5	t6pt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The information about where he came down from can be made explicit: “came down from heaven.” This does not tell how he came down. Use a general word meaning “came down.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
634	11:5	b3yl		“to observe” or “to look more closely”
635	11:6	uzm2		All the people were one big group and they all spoke the same language.
636	11:6	a83e		Possible meanings are (1) “they have begun to do this,” meaning that they have begun to build the tower but it is not finished, or (2) “this is just the first thing they have done,” meaning that in future they will do greater things.
637	11:6	ux98	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “anything they intend to do will be possible for them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
638	11:7	i5gb		If your language has a way of urging or commanding people to begin work, like the English “Come on!” you might use it here. See how this is translated in Genesis 11:3.
639	11:7	i17m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns	The word “us” is plural even though it refers to God. Some translate it as “let me go down” or “I will go down.” If you do this, consider adding a footnote to say that the pronoun is plural. See the note on “Let us make” in Genesis 1:26. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])
640	11:7	d22g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This means that Yahweh would cause the people all over the earth to stop speaking the same language. Alternate translation: “mix up their language” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
641	11:7	plc4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This was the purpose of confusing their language. Alternate translation: “so that they will not be able to understand what each other is saying” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
642	11:8	htq4		“from the city”
643	11:9	m76d		The name “Babel” sounds like the word that means “confused.” Translators may want to add a footnote about this.
644	11:9	ppz1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It means that Yahweh caused the people all over the earth to no longer speak the same language. Alternate translation: “mixed up the language of the whole earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
645	11:10	jzy8		The rest of this chapter lists the line of Shem’s descendants down to Abram.
646	11:10	gq2u		This sentence begins the list of Shem’s descendants.
647	11:10	n5un		This is the flood from Noah’s time when people had become so evil that God sent a worldwide flood to cover the earth.
648	11:10	y7s3		“had his son Arphaxad” or “his son Arphaxad was born”
649	11:10	b4lz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	a man’s name (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
650	11:10	ty5m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	Translators may write the words or the numerals “100” and “2.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
651	11:11	ix9y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	Translators may write the words or the numeral “500.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
652	11:12	i93p		“his son Shelah was born”
653	11:12	i685	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is a man’s name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
654	11:13	v9kr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“four hundred and three years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
655	11:14	aht6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in Genesis 11:12-13. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
656	11:16	nh92	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them Genesis 11:12-13. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
657	11:18	t5j5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in Genesis 11:12-13. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
658	11:20	zj9y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in Genesis 11:12-13. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
659	11:22	qv7c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in Genesis 11:12-13. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
660	11:24	kk5d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	The records in Genesis 11:12-25 have the same format. See how you translated them in Genesis 11:12-13. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
661	11:26	v3ui		We do not know the birth order of his sons.
662	11:27	sx61	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This sentence introduces the account of Terah’s descendants. Genesis 11:27-25:11 tells about Terah’s descendants, particularly his son Abraham. Alternate translation: “This is the account of Terah’s descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
663	11:28	qu78	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This means that Haran died while his father was still living. Alternate translation: “Haran died while his father, Terah, was with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
664	11:29	qxs6		“married wives”
665	11:29	x1m2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is a female name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
666	11:30	s9v1		This word is used to introduce new information about Sarai that will become important in later chapters.
667	11:30	yps7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This term describes a woman who is physically unable to conceive or bear a child. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
668	11:31	cu9g		Here the word “his” refers to Terah.
669	11:31	tj9e		“his daughter-in-law Sarai, who was the wife of his son Abram”
670	11:31	h4pi		These are two different names and they are spelled differently in Hebrew. One refers to a person and the other refers to a city. (The “h” sound in the city’s name is louder than the “h” sound in the person’s name.) You might choose to spell them differently in your language to show this.
671	11:32	lt94	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“two hundred and five years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
672	12:intro	b9wm		Genesis 12 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Abram When God said, “Go from your country, and from your relatives,” he established several new people groups. These groups descended from Abram. God’s covenant with Abraham God made a covenant with Abram. This covenant was not conditioned upon anything that Abraham needed to do, but the fulfillment of its promises is conditioned upon the actions of each generation of his descendants. It has not yet been fulfilled in its entirety. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter “They will kill me” Abram was afraid the Egyptians would see him as a foreigner and upon seeing his beautiful wife, they would try to kill him. This would free Sarai to marry someone else. Apparently, it would have been easy for them to kill a foreigner without punishment. If she was Abram’s sister, they would have shown favor to him. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]])
673	12:1	k9r8		This word is used to mark a new part of the story.
674	12:1	d1lk		“Go from your land, from your family”
675	12:2	hc9y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “you” is singular and refers to Abram, but Abram represents his descendants. Alternate translation: “I will start a great nation through you” or “I will make your descendants become a great nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
676	12:2	q7ai	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “name” represents the person’s reputation. Alternate translation: “make you famous” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
677	12:2	jt28	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The words “to other people” are understood. Alternate translation: “you will be a blessing to other people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
678	12:3	xec4		“I will curse whoever treats you in a shameful way” or “if anyone treats you as worthless, I will curse him”
679	12:3	cpj9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be made active. Alternate translation: “I will bless all the families of the earth through you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
680	12:3	xd5b		“Because of you” or “Because I have blessed you”
681	12:5	lvz6		This includes animals and non-living property.
682	12:5	nv12		Possible meanings are (1) “slaves that they had accumulated” or (2) “the people whom they had gathered to be with them.”
683	12:6	j4pb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Only Abram’s name is mentioned because he was the head of the family. God had given him the command to take his family and go there. Alternate translation: “So Abram and his family went through the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
684	12:6	lgv1		“the land of Canaan”
685	12:6	jvj4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Moreh was probably the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
686	12:7	v6g3		“Yahweh, because he had appeared to him”
687	12:8	ln91		Abram had many people with him as he traveled. People who moved from place to place lived in tents. Alternate translation: “they set up their tents”
688	12:8	v6m1		“prayed in the name of Yahweh” or “worshiped Yahweh”
689	12:9	vbq7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	You may need to make explicit that he took his tent with him. “Then Abram took his tent and continued journeying.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
690	12:9	t22q		“toward the Negev region” or “toward the south” or “south to the Negev desert”
691	12:10	lv6b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The crops did not grow well that season. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “There was a shortage of food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
692	12:10	c2c3		“in the area” or “in the land where Abram was living”
693	12:10	me1z		Possible meanings are (1) “went further south” or (2) “went away from Canaan into.” It would be best to translate this using your usual words for going from a higher place to a lower place.
694	12:12	hmn5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The reason they would kill Abram can be made explicit: “they will kill me so that they can marry you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
695	12:13	sj7i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that, because of you, they will not kill me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
696	12:14	stl2		Possible meanings are (1) This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts, and if your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here, or (2) “And that was what happened” .
697	12:15	cnd8		“Pharaoh’s officials saw Sarai” or “the king’s officials saw her”
698	12:15	n3fw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh took her into his household” or “Pharaoh had his soldiers take her into his household” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
699	12:15	hw84		Sarai
700	12:15	y2tk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Possible meanings are (1) “Pharoah’s family,” that is, as a wife, or (2) “Pharaoah’s house” or “Pharaoh’s palace,” a euphemism for Pharaoh making her one of his wives. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
701	12:16	m9jr		“for Sarai’s sake” or “because of her”
702	12:17	kb9r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: “because Pharaoh intended to take Sarai, Abram’s wife, to be his own wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
703	12:18	r9kt		“Pharaoh called Abram” or “Pharaoh ordered Abram to come to him”
704	12:18	e9mt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Pharaoh used this rhetorical question to show how angry he was about what Abram had done to him. It can also be stated as an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You have done a terrible thing to me!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
705	12:20	f2i8		“Then Pharaoh directed his officials concerning Abram”
706	12:20	edz8		“the officials sent Abram away from Pharoah, with his wife and all his possessions”
707	13:intro	qch2		Genesis 13 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Abram’s faith Since the land could not support both Lot’s and Abraham’s family, they each went their own way. Even though good land was not plentiful, Abraham allowed Lot to choose the better land because he trusted in God to fulfill his promises. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) God’s covenant with Abram God made a covenant with Abram. This covenant was not conditioned upon anything that Abraham needed to do, but the fulfillment of its promises is conditioned upon the actions of each generation of his descendants. It has not yet been fulfilled in its entirety. This chapter continues the covenant which began in the previous chapter. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Built an altar Abram would have built an altar in order to offer sacrifices to Yahweh. There is an implicit understanding that building an altar was an act of worship. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
708	13:1	sjz2		“left” or “departed from”
709	13:1	ige2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The Negev was a desert region in southern Canaan, west of Egypt. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “went back to the Negev desert” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
710	13:2	bty5		“Abram had many animals, much silver, and much gold”
711	13:2	lwq5		“livestock” or “cattle”
712	13:3	rg7d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Abram and his family traveled by stages, going from place to place. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “They continued on their journey” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
713	13:3	vxf3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Translators may add a footnote that says “See Genesis 12:8.” The time of his travel can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “to the place where he had set up his tent before he went to Egypt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
714	13:4	h2ad		“prayed in the name of Yahweh” or “worshiped Yahweh.” See how you translated this in Genesis 12:8.
715	13:5	br4w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	This word is used to show what follows is background information to help the reader understand the events that follow. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
716	13:6	ash5		There was not enough grazing land and water for all their animals.
717	13:6	k6zz		This includes livestock, which need pasture and water.
718	13:6	y1wq		“could not live together”
719	13:7	e3n1		This is another reason that the land could not support them all.
720	13:8	rbt4		“Let’s not quarrel”
721	13:8	l2ht		arguments or fights
722	13:8	ayp5		“let’s stop the men who take care of our animals from quarreling”
723	13:8	l8eq		“because we are family”
724	13:8	vz47		“kinsmen” or “relatives.” Lot was Abraham’s nephew.
725	13:9	n7k3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	This rhetorical question can be translated as a positive statement. Alternate translation: “The whole land is available for you to use.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
726	13:9	av37		Abraham was speaking kindly to Lot and encouraging him to do something that would help them both. “Let’s separate.”
727	13:9	flm1		Possible meanings are (1) “If you go one way, then I will go the other” or (2) “If you go to the north, I will go to the south.” Abram let Lot choose the part of the land he wanted, and Abram would take what remained.
728	13:10	v189		This refers to the general region of the Jordan River.
729	13:10	ve9r		“had much water”
730	13:10	zs4c		“like the garden of Yahweh or like the land of Egypt.” These were two different places.
731	13:10	p9t9		This is another name for the garden of Eden.
732	13:10	v2iw		Use the same word for “garden” as you used in Genesis 2:8.
733	13:10	z1zy		This anticipates something that would happen later. It is important here because it explains why Lot settled in a region that later was not fertile.
734	13:11	c5bb		“the kinsmen” or “the families.” This refers to Lot and Abram with their households.
735	13:12	hc2t		“Abram made his home” or “Abram stayed”
736	13:12	cpm2		“the land of the Canaanites”
737	13:12	umy1		Possible meanings are (1) “He set up his tents near Sodom” or (2) “He moved his tents around in an area that reached all the way to Sodom.”
738	13:14	y61m		“after Lot left Abraham”
739	13:17	xil7		“walk around all over the whole land”
740	13:18	zy7q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This was the name of the man who owned the oak trees. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
741	13:18	is6e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
742	13:18	xw41		“an altar for worshiping Yahweh”
743	14:intro	hz9l		Genesis 14 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 14:19-20. Special concepts in this chapter Names of places Sometimes the names of places in Scripture are referred to by the name used during the time of the writer. For example, the location referred to as Dan was not yet known by that name because Dan had not yet come to live there. Moses, the author of Genesis, would have known this location as Dan. Melchizedek Melchizedek was both a priest and a king. Because of this, he parallels the roles of Jesus. Melchizedek is an important figure in the book of Hebrews. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter God Most High Melchizedek worshiped the God Most High. This is probably a reference to the true and only God who created the heavens and the earth and came to be known as Yahweh. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])
744	14:1	zbz3		This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
745	14:1	p95i		“in the time of”
746	14:1	e5wj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
747	14:1	psb1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of places. See how you translated “Shinar” in Genesis 10:10 (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
748	14:2	s6jz		“they went to war” or “they started a war” or “they prepared for war”
749	14:3	pdv2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The information that their armies were with them can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “These latter five kings and their armies joined together” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
750	14:4	vk6f		The events in verses 4-7 happened before verse 3. Your language may have a way of showing this.
751	14:4	d7j6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	They probably had to pay him taxes and serve in his army. Alternate translation: “they had been under the control of Kedorlaomer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
752	14:4	m72u		“they refused to serve him” or “they stopped serving him”
753	14:5	k2wm		They did this because the other kings rebelled.
754	14:5	k3kf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of people groups. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
755	14:5	kj3n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
756	14:5	pm1u		This name in Hebrew is different from the name of Noah’s son, which is spelled the same way in English.
757	14:6	afr4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a people group. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
758	14:6	m4dw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
759	14:6	s52t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish	This phrase helps readers understand where El Paran was. It can be translated as a separate sentence if necessary. Alternate translation: “El Paran. El Paran is near the desert” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
760	14:7	my4b		Verses 8 and 9 repeats what was said in Genesis 14:3 and continues to tell what happened when the kings came together to fight.
761	14:7	rck2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	The word “they” refers to the four foreign kings who were attacking the region of Canaan. Their names were Amraphel, Arioch, Chedorlaomer, and Tidal. Alternate translation: “they turned and went” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
762	14:7	ed6d		This phrase tells which Amorite people were defeated. There were other Amorite people who lived in other places.
763	14:8	pq4d		The city of Bela was also called Zoar. This information could also be put at the end of the sentence. “the king of Bela went out and prepared for battle. Bela is also called Zoar.”
764	14:8	v7s3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	“joined battle” or “drew up battle lines.” Some translators may need to also say that the armies fought, as the UST does in verse 9. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
765	14:9	uq5u		Since the five kings were listed first, some languages might prefer to translate this as “five kings against four.”
766	14:10	yn7e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	This word introduces background information about the valley of Siddim. Your language may have another way of introducing background information. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
767	14:10	u9qi		“had many tar pits.” These were holes in the ground that had tar in them.
768	14:10	f98l		a thick, sticky, black liquid that comes up from the ground. See how this is translated in Genesis 11:3.
769	14:10	mp8k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here the kings represent themselves and their armies. Alternate translation: the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah and their armies” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
770	14:10	kj2n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Possible meanings are (1) some of their soldiers fell in the tar pits or (2) the kings themselves fell in the tar pits. Since Genesis 14:17 says that the king of Sodom went to meet Abram, the first meaning is more likely correct. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
771	14:10	ern2		“Those who did not die in battle and did not fall in the pits”
772	14:11	rk4u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The words “Sodom” and “Gomorrah” are metonyms for the people who lived in those cities. Alternate translation: “the wealth of the people of Sodom and Gomorrah” or “the property of the people of Sodom and Gomorrah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
773	14:11	c7vp		“their food and drink”
774	14:11	e6qg		“they went away”
775	14:12	g2sj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish	The phrases “Abram’s brother’s son” and “who was living in Sodom” remind the reader of things that were written earlier about Lot. Alternate translation: “they also took Lot, along with all his possessions. Lot was Abram’s brother’s son and was living in Sodom at that time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
776	14:13	w39m		“A man escaped from the battle and came”
777	14:13	g8u8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	“Abram was living.” This introduces background information. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
778	14:13	mmt3		“were treaty-partners with Abram” or “had a peace agreement with Abram”
779	14:14	se1t		This is a reference to Abram’s nephew Lot.
780	14:14	wc3z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“three hundred and eighteen trained men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
781	14:14	llz9		“men who were trained to fight”
782	14:14	gjn2		“men who were born in Abram’s household.” They were children of Abram’s servants.
783	14:14	a2k3		“chased them”
784	14:14	kgi3		This is a city in the far north of Canaan, far from Abram’s camp.
785	14:15	z2r4		This probably refers to a battle strategy. “Abram divided the men into several groups, and they attacked their enemies from various directions”
786	14:16	fxf4		This refers to the things that the enemies had stolen from the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah.
787	14:16	qp8w		“Lot’s property that the enemies had stolen from Lot”
788	14:16	gt3k		“as well as the women and other people that the four kings had captured”
789	14:17	s822	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The implied information about where he was returning to can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “returned to where he was living” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
790	14:18	cz1b		This is the first time this king is mentioned.
791	14:18	hqq1		People commonly ate bread and wine. See how you translated “bread” in Genesis 3:19 and “wine” in Genesis 9:21.
792	14:19	b6iz		King Melchizedek blessed Abram.
793	14:19	wnf1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May God Most High, the Creator of heaven and earth, bless Abram” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
794	14:19	z9ck		This refers to the place where God lives.
795	14:20	pvn4		“God Most High, because he has given.” The phrase starting with “who has given” tells us something more about God Most High.
796	14:20	hyf9		This is a way of praising God. See how you translated “blessed be” in Genesis 9:26.
797	14:20	me4m		“into your control” or “into your power”
798	14:21	yzi9		The phrase “the people” may refer to the people of Sodom that the enemies had captured. Abram rescued them when he rescued Lot.
799	14:22	pw78		This means “I have taken an oath” or “I have made a promise.”
800	14:24	fd75		“I take from you only what my young men have already eaten.” Abram was refusing to accept anything for himself, but acknowledged that the soldiers had eaten some of the supplies during the journey back to Sodom after the battle.
801	14:24	xk3g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “the share of the recovered property that belongs to the men who helped me get it back” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
802	14:24	dn4x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	These are the allies of Abram (Genesis 14:13). Because they were Abram’s allies they fought battles alongside him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “my allies Aner, Eshkol, and Mamre” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
803	15:intro	b77u		Genesis 15 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Inheritance In the ancient Near East, a person’s children inherited the property and land of their parents. Abraham doubted the fulfillment of God’s covenant because he did not have any children to whom to give his land. This showed a lack of faith. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]],[[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]) Fulfilling a promise In the ancient Near East, two people performed a similar sacrifice by dividing animals in half. It was a way to say to the other person, “may this happen to me if I do not fulfill my promise.” The event recorded here indicates that God will fulfill his promise and only he is responsible for bringing it about. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) God’s covenant with Abraham God made a covenant with Abram. This covenant was not conditioned upon anything that Abraham needed to do, but the fulfillment of its promises is conditioned upon the actions of each generation of his descendants. This covenant has not yet been fulfilled in its entirety.
804	15:1	u7m1		“These things” refers to when the kings fought and Abram rescued Lot.
805	15:1	y6sg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The idiom “the word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave a message to Abram in a vision. He said, ‘Fear” or “Yahweh spoke this message to Abram in a vision: ‘Fear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
806	15:1	f5jx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God used these two metaphors to tell Abram about his character and his relationship to Abram. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
807	15:1	q9jg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Soldiers use a shield to protect themselves from their enemies. Alternate translation: “I will protect you like shield” or “I am your shield to protect you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
808	15:1	a84d		Possible meanings are (1) “I myself will be all that you need” or (2) “I will give you all you need.”
809	15:1	d6eq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	the result of a person’s actions. This seems to be a metonym for the gracious blessing God would give Abram. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
810	15:3	e54g		“Abram continued speaking and said, ‘Since you have given me’”
811	15:4	ym81		The word “behold” emphasizes the fact that the word of Yahweh came to Abraham again.
812	15:4	a5xl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The idiom “The word of Yahweh came to” is used to introduce a special message from God. See how you translated this idiom in Genesis 15:1. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gave him a message. He said, ‘This” or “Yahweh spoke this message to him: ‘This” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
813	15:4	jf7t		This refers to Eliezer of Damascus.
814	15:4	t2nt		“the one that you will father” or “your very own son.” Abram’s own son would become his heir.
815	15:5	rzc6		“count the stars”
816	15:5	s2td		Just as Abram would not be able to count all the stars, he would not be able to count all his descendants because there would be so many.
817	15:6	wi6t		This means he accepted and trusted what Yahweh said was true.
818	15:6	vu8m		“Yahweh counted Abram’s belief as righteousness” or “Yahweh considered Abram righteous because Abram believed him”
819	15:7	s8nq		Yahweh was reminding Abraham of what he had already done so that Abraham would know that Yahweh had the power to give Abram what he promised him.
820	15:7	vpc6		“to receive it” or “so that you will possess it”
821	15:8	xgm4		Abram was asking for more proof that Yahweh would give him the land.
822	15:11	ej2r		“the dead bodies of the animals and birds”
823	15:11	ld5n		“Abram chased the birds away.” He made sure the birds did not eat the dead animals.
824	15:12	mt8x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “Abraham slept deeply” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
825	15:12	s67i		“an extreme darkness that terrified him”
826	15:12	t6p7		“surrounded him”
827	15:13	v3tk		people who are at home in one place but have to live in another place
828	15:13	ayu5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the owners of that land will enslave your descendants and oppress them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
829	15:14	u2c1		Yahweh continued to speak to Abram while Abram dreamed.
830	15:14	chv9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “judge” is a metonym for what will happen after God makes the judgment. Alternate translation: “I will punish” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
831	15:14	i1hs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “that your descendants will serve” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
832	15:14	i716	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “many possessions” or “great wealth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
833	15:15	zj2t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This is a polite way of saying “you will die.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
834	15:15	ce5w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	The word “fathers” is a synecdoche for all ancestors. Alternate translation: “ancestors” or “ancestral fathers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
835	15:15	m38i		“you will be very old when you die and your family buries your body”
836	15:16	t8tm		Here one generation refers to a lifespan of 100 years. “After four hundred years”
837	15:16	kgu5		“your descendants will come back here.” Abraham’s descendants would come to the land where Abram was then living, the land that Yahweh had promised to give to him.
838	15:16	dfh5		“is not yet complete” or “will get much worse before I punish them”
839	15:17	bak2		The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
840	15:17	dq6q		God did this to show Abram that he was making a covenant with him.
841	15:17	b8ea		“passed through between the two rows of animal pieces”
842	15:18	jca2		In this covenant God promises to bless Abram, and he will continue to bless him as long as Abram follows him.
843	15:18	n51q		By saying this, God was giving the land to Abram’s descendants. God was doing this then, but the descendants would not go into the land until many years later.
844	15:19	z53u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of groups of people who lived in that land. God would allow Abraham’s descendants to conquer these people and take their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
845	15:20	s5a4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of groups of people who lived in that land. God would allow Abraham’s descendants to conquer these people and take their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
846	15:21	x8uz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of groups of people who lived in that land. God would allow Abraham’s descendants to conquer these people and take their land. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
847	16:intro	hcf5		Genesis 16 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 16:11-12. Special concepts in this chapter Plural marriage Abram married Hagar while he was also married to Sarai. Even though Abram had his wife’s permission, this was an immoral and sinful action. It also showed a lack of faith in God. Sarai quickly became jealous of Hagar. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
848	16:1	g63i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	This word is used in English to introduce a new part of the story and background information about Sarai. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
849	16:1	qvt5		“slave-girl.” This type of slave would serve the woman of the household.
850	16:2	mi22		“from giving birth to children”
851	16:2	g7pn		“I will build my family through her”
852	16:2	d65g		“Abram did what Sarai said”
853	16:4	r8xr		“she despised her mistress” or “she thought that she was more valuable than her mistress”
854	16:4	n3w5		Here this refers to Sarai. A mistress has authority over her slave. Alternate translation: “her owner” or “Sarai”
855	16:5	zy8r		“This injustice against me”
856	16:5	cs17		“is your responsibility” or “is your fault”
857	16:5	pg3a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Sarai used the word “embrace” here to refer to him sleeping with her. Alternate translation: “I gave you my servant so that you would sleep with her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
858	16:5	da2j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be active. Alternate translation: “she hated me” or “she began to hate me” or “she thought she was better than me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
859	16:5	yn9x		“I want Yahweh to say whether this is my fault or your fault” or “I want Yahweh to decide which one of us is right.” The phrase “to judge between” means to decide which person is right in a dispute between them.
860	16:6	xrl3		“Listen to me” or “Pay attention”
861	16:6	dgm6		“under your authority”
862	16:6	j5i9		“Sarai treated Hagar very badly”
863	16:6	t433		“Hagar fled from Sarai”
864	16:7	e27g		Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh made himself look like an angel or (2) this was one of Yahweh’s angels or (3) this was a special messenger from God (some scholars think it was Jesus). Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as “the angel of Yahweh” using the normal word that you use for “angel.”
865	16:7	w6d6		The wilderness area she went to was a desert. Alternate translation: “desert”
866	16:7	y62e		This was the name of a place south of Canaan and east of Egypt.
867	16:8	mk7v		Here this refers to Sarai. A mistress has authority over her slave. See how “her mistress” is translated in Genesis 16:4. Alternate translation: “my owner”
868	16:9	rqm5		“The angel of Yahweh said to Hagar”
869	16:9	r9gt		Sarai. See how “her mistress” is translated in Genesis 16:4.
870	16:10	km4g		See the note about this phrase in Genesis 16:7.
871	16:10	aa1h		When he said “I,” he was referring to Yahweh. When translating what is in the quote, do it as the angel of Yahweh did and use the word “I” when referring to Yahweh.
872	16:10	xr66		“I will give you very many descendants”
873	16:10	sn9f		“so many that no one will be able to count them”
874	16:11	ee9v		See the note about this phrase in Genesis 16:7.
875	16:11	mj7q		“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention”
876	16:11	qqh8		“give birth to a son”
877	16:11	t29c		“you will name him.” The word “you” refers to Hagar.
878	16:11	x6x4		Translators may add a footnote that says “The name ‘Ishmael’ means ‘God has heard.’”
879	16:11	xmm5		She has been afflicted by distress and suffering.
880	16:12	rpu1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This was not an insult. It may mean that Ishmael would be independent and strong like a wild donkey. Alternate translation: “He will be like a wild donkey among men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
881	16:12	vyt4		“He will be every man’s enemy”
882	16:12	j1p2		“everyone will be his enemy”
883	16:12	q8j2		This can also mean “he will live in hostility with.”
884	16:12	ihy3		“his relatives” or “the other members of his family”
885	16:13	t9b6		“Yahweh, because he spoke to her”
886	16:13	jsy3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Hagar used this rhetorical question to express her amazement that she was still alive even after she met God. People expected that if they met God, they would die. Here seeing represents living. Alternate translation: “I am surprised that I am still alive, … me.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
887	16:14	ez2d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translators may add a footnote that says “Beer Lahai Roi means ‘the well of the living one who sees me.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
888	16:14	c8h8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	The word “behold” here draws attention to the fact that the well was in a place that the author and his readers knew. Alternate translation: “in fact, it is between Kadesh and Bered” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
889	16:15	x6tu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Hagar’s return to Sarai and Abram is implict. You can make this more explicit. Alternate translation: “So Hagar went back and gave birth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
890	16:15	g9my		“named his son by Hagar” or “named his and Hagar’s son”
891	16:16	cdy2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	This introduces background information about Abram’s age when these things happened. Your language may have a special way to mark background information. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
892	16:16	e7x4		This means “gave birth to Abram’s son, Ishmael.” The focus is on Abram having a son.
893	17:intro	ry14		Genesis 17 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter “The father of a multitude of nations” Abram came to have many descendants. He had so many descendants that many of his immediate descendants became large people groups and nations. God’s covenant with Abraham God made a covenant with Abram. This covenant was not conditioned upon anything that Abraham needed to do, but the fulfillment of its promises is conditioned upon the actions of each generation of his descendants. It has not yet been fulfilled in its entirety. It is important to note in this chapter that Isaac is the son who receives the promises associated with the covenant and not Ishmael. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) Circumcision Circumcision was an unusual practice in the ancient Near East. It served to separate the Hebrew people from the rest of the world. This chapter records the beginning of this practice among Abraham and his descendants. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]]) Name change In Scripture, a change in name always occurs at a highly significant point in a person’s life. The beginning of the practice of circumcision was a significant event in the history of the Hebrew people.
894	17:1	e289		This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
895	17:1	j61v		“the all-powerful God” or “the God who has all power”
896	17:1	cp7w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Walking is a metaphor for living, and “before me” or “in my presence” here is a metaphor for obedience. Alternate translation: “Live the way I want you to” or “Obey me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
897	17:2	e6dj		“If you do this, then I will confirm”
898	17:2	n6qi		“I will give my covenant” or “I will make my covenant”
899	17:2	x3wu		In this covenant God promises to bless Abram, but he also requires Abram to obey him.
900	17:2	qt2p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here “multiply you” is an idiom that means he will give him more descendants. Alternate translation: “greatly increase the number of your descendants” or “give you very many descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
901	17:3	m64l		“Abram threw himself face down on the ground” or “Abraham immediately lay down with his face to the ground.” He did this to show that he respected God and would obey him.
902	17:4	j6m4		God used this phrase to introduce what he would do for Abram as part of his covenant with Abram.
903	17:4	x8l2		The word “behold” here says that what comes next is certain: “my covenant is certainly with you.”
904	17:4	x5p4		“the father of a great number of nations” or “the one after whom many nations name themselves”
905	17:6	qgt7		“I will cause you to have very many descendants”
906	17:6	z2ge		“I will cause your descendants to become nations”
907	17:6	u97r		“among your descendants there will be kings” or “some of your descendants will be kings”
908	17:7	qx71		God continues speaking to Abraham.
909	17:7	nr7x		“for each generation”
910	17:7	pbe9		“as a covenant that will last forever”
911	17:7	pr1d		“to be your God and your descendants’ God” or “covenant”
912	17:8	hur8		“Canaan, as an everlasting possession” or “Canaan, to possess forever”
913	17:9	x9sd		God uses this phrase to introduce what Abram would have to do as part of God’s covenant with him.
914	17:9	x8a9		“observe my covenant” or “honor my covenant” or “obey my covenant”
915	17:10	jn4e		“This is a requirement of my covenant” or “This is part of my covenant.” This sentence introduces the part of the covenant that Abram must do.
916	17:10	ib6l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in an active form. Alternate translation: “You must circumcise every male among you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
917	17:10	xjr3		This refers to human males.
918	17:11	j6pm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Some communities may prefer a less descriptive expression such as “You must be circumcised.” If your translation of “be circumcised” already includes the word for “foreskin”, you do not need to repeat it. This can be made active. Alternate translation: “You must circumcise every male among you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
919	17:11	i3l8		“the sign that shows that the covenant exists”
920	17:11	s7vs		Possible meanings are (1) “the sign” or (2) “a sign.” The first means that there was one sign, and the second means that there may have been more than one sign. Here the word “sign” means a reminder of something that God had promised.
921	17:12	t92x		God continues speaking to Abraham.
922	17:12	xpc8		“Every human male”
923	17:12	ev7m		“in every generation”
924	17:12	ed5x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This refers to slaves. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “any male that you buy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
925	17:13	fim6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will mark my covenant in your flesh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
926	17:13	ea1n		“as a permanent covenant.” Because it was marked in flesh, no one could easily erase it.
927	17:14	lpi7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form, and you may leave out words that will give wrong meaning in your language. Alternate translation: “male whom you have not circumcised” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
928	17:14	any2		Possible meanings are (1) “I will cut off any uncircumcised male … foreskin from his people” or (2) “I want you to cut off any uncircumcised male … foreskin from his people.”
929	17:14	pi4v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Possible meanings are (1) “killed” or (2) “sent away from the community.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
930	17:14	e2n7		“He has not obeyed the rules of my covenant.” This is the reason that he would be cut off from his people.
931	17:15	w67t		The words “As for” introduce the next person God talks about.
932	17:16	fpk7		“I will make her bear a son for you”
933	17:16	g1ax		“she will be the ancestor of many nations” or “her descendants will become nations”
934	17:16	tb49		“Kings of peoples will descend from her” or “Some of her descendants will be kings of peoples”
935	17:17	cx58		“thought to himself” or “said to himself silently”
936	17:17	s8rv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Abraham used this rhetorical question because he did not believe that this could happen. Alternate translation: “Surely a man who is a hundred years old cannot father a child!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
937	17:17	ewn1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Again Abraham used a rhetorical question because he did not believe this could happen. The phrase “who is ninety years old” tells why Abraham did not believe that Sarah could bear a son. Alternate translation: “Sarah is ninety years old. Could she bear a son?” or “Sarah is ninety years old. Surely she could not bear a son!” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
938	17:18	bc1n		“Please let Ishmael inherit the covenant that you have made with me” or “Perhaps Ishmael could receive your covenant blessing.” Abraham suggested something that he believed really could happen.
939	17:19	q8lt		God said this to correct Abraham’s belief that Sarah could not have a son.
940	17:19	u9hq		The word “you” refers to Abraham.
941	17:20	l6cf		The words “As for” show that God is switching from talking about the baby that would be born to talking about Ishmael.
942	17:20	fvb5		“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
943	17:20	e3g9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is an idiom that means “will cause him to have many children.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
944	17:20	y6m2		“I will cause him to have many descendants”
945	17:20	ga2d		“chiefs” or “rulers.” Ishmael’s twelve sons are different from the twelve sons of Jacob who were the fathers of the twelve tribes of Israel.
946	17:21	rwv4		God returns to talking about his covenant with Abraham and emphasizes that he would fulfill his promise with Isaac, not with Ishmael.
947	17:22	m8vf		“When God had finished talking with Abraham”
948	17:22	sw9y		“God left Abraham”
949	17:23	nxp3		“every human male in Abraham’s household” or “every male person in Abraham’s household.” It refers to human males of all ages: babies, boys, and men.
950	17:27	rgk6		“This includes those who were born in his household and those he had bought from foreigners”
951	17:27	a2ym		This refers to servants or slaves.
952	17:27	xq3b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “those whom he had bought” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
953	18:intro	ky5w		Genesis 18 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Three men The three men who visited Abraham were probably angels. This is evident from Abraham’s reaction to them. Also, it appears Abraham knew that he was speaking directly to Yahweh through these men. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/angel]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Disbelief When Sarah heard the news that she was going to have a baby, she laughed in disbelief because she was considered too old to have a baby. She also asked a rhetorical question in order to further show her disbelief. This would have been considered an insult to God. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) In his exchange with God, Abraham did not show any sign of unbelief. Instead, he is asking God for mercy because he trusted in the character of God. He does not question God’s power to accomplish things as Sarah had done. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Sarah’s age It should be apparent that Sarah was physically no longer able to have children because of her age. There is a natural period in a woman’s life when she stops being able to have children. The text assumes the reader understands that Sarah has already experienced this event. In English, this is called “menopause.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
954	18:1	a3at		This was the name of the man who owned the oak trees.
955	18:1	ra4w		“at the opening of the tent” or “at the entrance of the tent”
956	18:1	u27f		“hottest time of day”
957	18:2	t35m		“He looked up and saw, and behold, three men were standing”
958	18:2	m2pv		“he was surprised because he saw”
959	18:2	xd3c		“nearby” or “there.” They were near him, but far enough away for him to run to them.
960	18:2	ygs8		This means to bend over to humbly express respect and honor toward someone.
961	18:3	cj7j		This is a title of respect. Possible meanings are (1) Abraham knew that one of these men was God or (2) Abraham knew that these men came on behalf of God.
962	18:3	s5jg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here “found favor” is an idiom that means be approved of or that the Lord is pleased with him, and “your sight” is a metaphor representing the Lord’s evaluation. Alternate translation: “if you have evaluated me and approve” or “if you are pleased with me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
963	18:3	i86z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	Abraham is speaking to one of the men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
964	18:3	ie2s		“please do not keep on going past”
965	18:3	s6nr		“me.” Abraham refers to himself this way in order to show respect to his guest.
966	18:4	cs93	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Let me bring you some water” or “My servant will bring you some water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
967	18:4	r83u		“some water.” Saying “little” was a polite way of showing generosity. Abraham would give them more than enough water.
968	18:4	c7uk		This custom helped tired travelers to refresh themselves after walking long distances.
969	18:5	p5cn		“some food.” Saying “little” was a polite way of showing generosity. Abraham would give them more than enough food.
970	18:5	rmc5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	Abraham speaks to all three of the men, so “you” and “your” are plural. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
971	18:6	gl4c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume	about 22 liters (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bvolume]])
972	18:6	sbt6		This bread was probably cooked quickly on a hot stone. It may have been flat or round like small loaves or rolls.
973	18:7	s4v8		“the servant hurried”
974	18:7	hp5s		“to cut it up and roast it”
975	18:8	k6lz		This refers to the solid part of fermented milk. It may have been yogurt or cheese.
976	18:8	c4vs		“the roasted calf”
977	18:8	pp29		“before the three visitors”
978	18:9	eq6d		“Then they said to Abraham”
979	18:10	gg9j		The word “He” refers to the man whom Abraham called “Lord” in Genesis 18:3.
980	18:10	iwn6		“when this same season comes next year” or “about this time next year”
981	18:10	aas2		The word “see” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
982	18:10	qvh9		“at the opening of the tent” or “at the entrance of the tent”
983	18:12	u12x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	You may want to add “of having a baby.” Sarah used this rhetorical question because she did not believe that she could have a child. Alternate translation: “I cannot believe that I will experience the joy of having a child. My master is also too old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
984	18:12	m2nn		This means “since my husband is also old.”
985	18:12	qrv3		This is a title of respect that Sarah gave to her husband Abraham.
986	18:13	dfs6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	God used this rhetorical question to show that he knew what Sarah was thinking and that he was not pleased with it. He repeats Sarah’s rhetorical question (Genesis 18:12) using different words. Alternate translation: “Sarah was wrong to laugh and say, ‘I will not bear a child because I am too old!’”(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
987	18:14	i13f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	“Is there anything that Yahweh cannot do?” Yahweh speaks of himself as if he were speaking of someone else to remind Abraham that he, Yahweh, is great and can do anything. Alternate translation: “There is nothing that I, Yahweh, cannot do!” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
988	18:14	rd96		“At the time I have appointed, which is in the spring”
989	18:15	fc88		“The Sarah denied it by saying”
990	18:15	c49f		“Yahweh replied”
991	18:15	pq5b		“Yes, you did laugh.” This means “No, that is not true; you did in fact laugh.”
992	18:16	mtk2		“to send them on their way” or “to say ‘Farewell’ to them.” It was polite to go some distance with guests as they were leaving.
993	18:17	z943	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	God used this rhetorical question to say that he was going to talk to Abraham about something very important and that it was best for him to do so. Alternate translation: “I should not and will not hide from Abraham what I am about to do” or “I should and will tell Abraham what I am about to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
994	18:18	e6qk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Should I hide” in verse 17 ends here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
995	18:18	h854	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	The rhetorical question that begins with the words “Should I hide” in verse 17 ends here. God uses this rhetorical question to say that he was going to talk to Abraham about something very important and that it was best for him to do so. “I should not and will not hide … since Abraham in him.” or “I should and will tell … since Abraham in him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
996	18:18	q36h		“This is because … him”
997	18:18	e9uw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will bless all the nations of the earth through Abraham” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
998	18:18	i8b1		“will be blessed because of Abraham” or “will be blessed because I have blessed Abraham.” For translating “in him” see how you translated “through you” in Genesis 12:3.
999	18:19	pxl9		“that he will direct” or “so that he will command”
1000	18:19	cwm4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Yahweh is speaking about himself as if he were another person. Alternate translation: “to obey what I, Yahweh, require … I, Yahweh, may bring … I have said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1001	18:19	ny3x		“to obey the commands of Yahweh”
1002	18:19	f8f7		“by doing righteousness and justice.” This tells how to keep the way of Yahweh.
1003	18:19	v4z4		“so that Yahweh may bless Abraham just as he said he would.” This refers to the covenant promise to bless Abraham and make him a great nation.
1004	18:20	m237	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “outcry” is expressed as the verb “accuse.” Alternate translation: “so many people have been accusing the people of Sodom and Gomorrah of doing evil things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1005	18:20	jp1b		“they have sinned so much”
1006	18:21	fb8x		“I will now go down to Sodom and Gomorrah”
1007	18:21	lki8		“go down there to find out” or “go down there to decide”
1008	18:21	vp7m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Yahweh speaks as if he knew about this matter because he had heard the cries and accusations coming from the people who had suffered. This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “outcry” is expressed as the verb “accuse.” Alternate translation: “as wicked as those who are accusing them say that they are” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1009	18:21	vp4d		“If they are not as wicked as the outcry suggests”
1010	18:22	ms2h		“went out from Abraham’s camp”
1011	18:22	yxr6		“Abraham and Yahweh remained together”
1012	18:23	b62y		“approached Yahweh and said” or “stepped closer to Yahweh and said”
1013	18:23	g5he	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Abraham speaks of destroying people as if it were sweeping dirt with a broom. Alternate translation: “destroy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1014	18:23	awu4		“the righteous people with the wicked people”
1015	18:24	pb7k		Abraham continues talking to Yahweh.
1016	18:24	h4eu		“Suppose there are”
1017	18:24	dz9j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Abraham was hoping that Yahweh would say, “I will not sweep it away.” Alternate translation: “I think you would not sweep it away. Instead, you would spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous that are there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1018	18:24	h8ks	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	“destroy it.” Abraham speaks of destroying people as if it were sweeping dirt with a broom. Alternate translation: “destroy the people who live there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1019	18:24	qq2a		Abraham was hoping that God would say “I will spare the place for the sake of the fifty righteous people there.”
1020	18:24	d8ui		“let the people live”
1021	18:24	zj59		“because of”
1022	18:25	rj5a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here “Far be it from you” is an idiom that means the person should never do something like that. Alternate translation: “I would never want you to do something like that” or “You should not want to do something like that” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1023	18:25	re6w		“such a thing as killing” or “such a thing, that is, killing”
1024	18:25	hqx8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active from. Alternate translation: “you should treat the righteous the same way you treat the wicked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1025	18:25	m329	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Abraham used this rhetorical question to say what he expected God to do. Alternate translation: “The Judge of all the earth will certainly do what is just!” or “Since you are the Judge of all the earth, you will surely do what is right!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1026	18:25	de6w		God is often referred to as a judge because he is the one perfect judge who makes the final decisions about what is right or wrong.
1027	18:27	dsz4		The phrase “Look” here draws attention to the surprising information that follows.
1028	18:27	fax5		“Pardon me for being so bold as to speak to you” or “Excuse me for daring to speak”
1029	18:27	snd3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Abraham shows his respect to Yahweh by speaking to Yahweh as if he were speaking to someone else. Alternate translation: “to you, my Lord” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1030	18:27	ew9k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This metaphor describes Abraham as a human being, who will die and whose body will turn into to dust and ashes. Alternate translation: “only a mortal man” or “as unimportant as dust and ashes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1031	18:28	ln28		“only forty-five righteous people”
1032	18:28	zqs7		“if there are five fewer righteous people”
1033	18:28	n8tk		“I will not destroy Sodom”
1034	18:29	uj4n		“Abraham spoke to Yahweh”
1035	18:29	hah3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. You may have to fill in the ellipsis, “righteous people.” Alternate translation: “if you find forty righteous people there” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1036	18:29	y28t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	“for the sake of the forty” or “if I find forty there.” You may have to fill in the ellipsis, “righteous people.” Alternate translation: “for the sake of the forty righteous people” or “if I find forty righteous people there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1037	18:29	nup9		“Yahweh answered”
1038	18:29	tyh3		“I will not destroy the cities if I find forty righteous people there”
1039	18:30	vk5m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. You may have to fill in the ellipsis, “righteous people.” Alternate translation: “you will find thirty righteous people there” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1040	18:31	kep9		The phrase “Look” here draws attention to the surprising information that follows.
1041	18:31	e1em		“Pardon me for being so bold as to speak to you” or “Excuse me for daring to speak.” See how this is translated in Genesis 18:27.
1042	18:31	un9p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated in active form. You may have to fill in the ellipsis, “righteous people.” Alternate translation: “you will find twenty righteous people there” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1043	18:31	s4zn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	“for the sake of the twenty” or “if I find twenty there.” You may have to fill in the ellipsis, “righteous people.” Alternate translation: “for the sake of the twenty righteous people” or “if I find twenty righteous people there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1044	18:32	a6tx		“Perhaps you will find ten righteous people there”
1045	18:32	q1p9		“Perhaps ten righteous people” or “ten good people”
1046	18:32	ak2y		“And Yahweh answered”
1047	18:32	d335		“if I find ten righteous people there”
1048	18:33	wum8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here “went on his way” is an idiom that means he left, or he continued his journey. Yahweh appeared to Abraham in human form as a traveler. Alternate translation: “Yahweh departed” or “Yahweh continued on his journey” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1049	19:intro	hb2x		Genesis 19 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter The evil desires of the Sodomites The men of Sodom desired to forcibly have sexual relations with the angels who came to the city appearing as men. Such action is known as “rape.” Their desire was viewed as especially evil because Lot was obligated to protect his guests at all costs, even that of sacrificing his own children for his guests. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]) Hospitality Hospitality, or being kind to a visitor, was very important in the Ancient Near East. Lot showed his guests loyalty by doing his utmost to protect them from the people of Sodom. Important figures of speech in this chapter Contrasts It is probable that Abraham’s faith and actions in chapter 18 are intended to contrast with the actions of the worldly Sodomites. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])
1050	19:1	uh7h		The two men who have gone to Sodom (Genesis 18:22) are really angels.
1051	19:1	b4sb		“the entrance to the city of Sodom.” The city had a wall around it, and people had to go through a gate to get into it. This was a very important place in a city. Important people often spent time there.
1052	19:1	ny92		He put his knees on the ground then touched his forehead and nose to the ground.
1053	19:2	t9qp		This was a term of respect Lot used for the angels.
1054	19:2	egr4		“Please come and stay in your servant’s house”
1055	19:2	w78p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Lot refers to himself as their servant in order to show them respect. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1056	19:2	sp4m		People liked to wash their feet after traveling.
1057	19:2	sb2f		“wake up early”
1058	19:2	a65m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	When the two angels said this, they were referring only to themselves, not to Lot. The two of them planned to spend the night in the square. Some languages would use the exclusive form of “we” here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1059	19:2	r62b		This is a public, outdoor place in the town.
1060	19:3	vnk8		“they turned and went with him”
1061	19:4	lc42		“before the people in Lot’s house lay down to go to sleep”
1062	19:4	iw1t		“the men of the city, that is, the men of Sodom” or just “the men of the city of Sodom”
1063	19:4	gyq4		“Lot’s house”
1064	19:4	vqe5		“from the youngest to the oldest.” This means “men of all ages” and refers to the men of Sodom who were surrounding Lot’s house.
1065	19:5	cu4h		“that went into your house”
1066	19:5	jfu1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	These words literally mean “we may know who they are,” but the men meant them as a euphemism for “we may have sexual relations with them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1067	19:6	k84s		“behind him” or “after he went through”
1068	19:7	tg28		“I plead with you, my brothers”
1069	19:7	s55m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Lot spoke in a friendly way to the men of the city hoping that they would listen to him. Alternate translation: “my friends” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1070	19:7	ur1w		“do not do something so wicked” or “do not do such a wicked thing”
1071	19:8	bc5c		“Pay attention” or “Look here”
1072	19:8	pb1n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This is a polite way of saying that the daughters had not had sexual relations with any man. You may need to use another euphemism in your language. See how you translated similar words in Genesis 4:1. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1073	19:8	jn4w		“whatever you desire” or “whatever you think is right”
1074	19:8	nig7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	The two men were guests in Lot’s home, so he needed to protect them. The word “roof” is a synecdoche for the whole house and a metaphor for Lot protecting them. Alternate translation: “into my house, and God expects me to protect them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1075	19:9	k7mf		“Step aside!” or “Get out of our way!”
1076	19:9	sgx9		“This one came here as an outsider” or “This foreigner came to live here”
1077	19:9	ym7y		“Lot.” The men are speaking to each other. If this would be unclear in your language, you may have the men speak to Lot here, as in UST.
1078	19:9	c9uq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The speaker would not expect a foreigner to judge the people of that land. Alternate translation: “but even though he has no good reason to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1079	19:9	sa6c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here “has become our judge” is an idiom that means Lot is acting as if he can tell the men what actions are right or wrong. Alternate translation: “he acts as if he has the authority to tell us what is right and what is wrong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1080	19:9	x79u		“Because you are telling us that what we are doing is wrong, we”
1081	19:9	xi8x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The men are angry that Lot said, “Do not act so wickedly” (Genesis 19:7), so they are threatening to act more wickedly than Lot had feared at first. Alternate translation: “we will act more wickedly with you than we will with them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1082	19:9	gdw3		Possible meanings are (1) “They kept coming closer to the man, to Lot, until they were close enough to break down the door” or (2) they physically pushed Lot up against the wall or door of the house and were about to break the door down.
1083	19:9	q8f7		This is two ways of referring to Lot.
1084	19:10	u4re		“But Lot’s two guests” or “But the two angels”
1085	19:10	ri1g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Your language may need to add that the men opened the door first. Alternate translation: ‘the men opened the door far enough so they could reach out their hands and pull … them, and then they shut” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1086	19:11	urq7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The phrase “struck with blindness” is a metaphor; the visitors did not physically hit the men. Alternate translation: “Lot’s visitors blinded the men” or “they took away their sight” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1087	19:11	kg3g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	“men of all ages.” This merism emphasizes that the visitors blinded all the men. This could indicate social standing rather than age. Alternate translation: “both small and great” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1088	19:12	zat4		“Then the two men said” or “Then the angels said”
1089	19:12	pl2x		“Are there any other members of your family in the city?” or “Do you have any other family members in this place?”
1090	19:12	k1l8		“any other members of your family living in this city”
1091	19:13	zq54	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	The word “we” here is exclusive. Only the two angels would destroy the city; Lot would not destroy it. If your language has an exclusive form of “we,” use it here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1092	19:13	q8rc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	This can be reworded so that the abstract noun “accusations” is expressed as a verb. See how similar words are translated in Genesis 18:20. Alternate translation: “so many people have been telling Yahweh that the people of this city are doing evil things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1093	19:14	pd6h		“So Lot left the house”
1094	19:14	cb3j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	The phrase “the men who had promised to marry his daughters” explains what “sons-in-law” means here. Alternate translation: “the men who were going to marry his daughters” or “his daughters’ fiancés” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1095	19:15	ch9a		“Just before the sun came up”
1096	19:15	r4pf		“Go now”
1097	19:15	ta9n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so Yahweh does not also destroy you when he punishes the people of this city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1098	19:15	nd8n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God destroying the people of the city is spoken of as if a person were sweeping away dust. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1099	19:15	s4jw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “city” stands for the people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1100	19:16	jp9l		“But Lot hesitated” or “But Lot did not start to leave”
1101	19:16	sa45		“So the two men grabbed” or “So the angels grabbed”
1102	19:16	jl9w		“had compassion on Lot.” Yahweh is described as being “merciful” because he was sparing the lives of Lot and his family instead of destroying them when he destroyed the people of Sodom for the wrong they had done.
1103	19:17	z72f		“When the two men had brought Lot’s family out”
1104	19:17	is11	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is a way of telling them to run so that they do not die. Alternate translation: “Run away and save your lives!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1105	19:17	wpz3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The phrase “at the city” is understood. Alternate translation: “Do not look back at the city” or “Do not look back at Sodom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1106	19:17	hx63		This means the plain of the Jordan River. This refers to the general region of the Jordan River.
1107	19:17	n2if	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	It is understood that they would swept away with the people of the city. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “or else God will destroy you along with the people of the city” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1108	19:17	c7y3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God destroying the people of the city is spoken of as if a person were sweeping away dust. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1109	19:19	q7pm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The phrase “found favor” is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. Alternate translation: “You have been pleased with me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1110	19:19	zq9l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Lot was showing respect by referring to himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “I, your servant, have” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1111	19:19	hc7t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “kindness” can be stated as “kind.” Alternate translation: “you have been very kind to me by saving my life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1112	19:19	i5uv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Being unable to get far enough away from Sodom when God destroys the city is spoken of as if “disaster” is a person that will chase and catch up with Lot. Alternate translation: “My family and I will certainly die when God destroys the people of Sodom, because the mountains are too far away for us to get there safely” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
1113	19:19	q5le	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It is implied that Lot’s family would die along with him. Alternate translation: “our lives … we cannot escape … overtake us, and we will die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1114	19:20	m8z1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Lot used this rhetorical question to get the angels to notice that the city really is a small one. Alternate translation: “let me escape there. You can see how small it is. If you let us go there we will live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1115	19:20	c93m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Lot’s full request can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “instead of destroying that city, let me escape there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1116	19:20	yx21	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It is implied that the lives of Lot’s family will be saved along with his. This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that we will live” or “so that we will survive” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1117	19:21	x14h		“I will do what you have asked”
1118	19:22	np4e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: “cannot destroy the other cities” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1119	19:22	y7sj		Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Zoar sounds like the Hebrew word that means ‘little.’ Lot called this town ‘little’ in Genesis 19:20.”
1120	19:23	z84a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	“The sun had risen over the earth.” The phrase “upon the earth” can be left implicit as it is in the UST where it is not translated. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1121	19:23	zhv3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It is implied that Lot’s family is with him. Alternate translation: “when Lot and his family arrived at Zoar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1122	19:24	f7cp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The phrase “from Yahweh” stands for God’s power to cause the sulfur and fire to fall on the city. Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused sulfur and fire to fall from the sky onto Sodom and Gomorrah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1123	19:24	c8se	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys	These two words are used together to describe one object. Alternate translation: “burning sulfur” or “fiery rain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
1124	19:25	ubh2		This refers primarily to Sodom and Gomorrah, but also to three other towns.
1125	19:25	kx2i		“the people who lived in the cities”
1126	19:26	pf2p		“she became like a statue of salt” or “her body became like a tall stone of salt.” Because she disobeyed the angel who told them not to look back at the city, God caused her to become something like a statue made out of rock salt.
1127	19:28	zp8y		The word “behold” draws attention to the surprising information that follows.
1128	19:28	p62z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	This shows that it was a very large amount of smoke. Alternate translation: “like the smoke from a very large fire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1129	19:29	vag9		Verse 29 is a summary of this chapter.
1130	19:29	tj4d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This tells why God rescued Lot. To “call to mind” is a way of saying “remember.” This does not imply that God forgot about Abraham. It means he considered Abraham and had mercy on him. Alternate translation: “God thought about Abraham and had mercy on him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1131	19:29	h1uq		“away from the destruction” or “away from danger”
1132	19:30	p16k		The phrase “went up from” is used because Lot went to a higher elevation in the mountains.
1133	19:31	me8w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	Here “firstborn” and “younger” are nominal adjectives that refer to Lot’s two daughters according to their birth order. Alternate translation: “Lot’s first daughter … Lot’s last daughter” or “The older daughter … the younger daughter” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1134	19:31	xk1x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	These words are a euphemism for sexual relations. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1135	19:31	fm8h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “the world” stands for the people. Alternate translation: “as people everywhere do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1136	19:32	tlh6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It can be made explicit that their goal was to get him drunk. Alternate translation: “drink wine until he gets drunk” or “get drunk with wine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1137	19:32	cr2n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	To “lie with” someone is a euphemism for having sexual relations with that person. Alternate translation: “we will have sexual relations with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1138	19:32	j57q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks about giving Lot descendants as if his family were a line that they are making longer. Alternate translation: “so that we can bear children who will be our father’s descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1139	19:33	ufz5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This is probably a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation:”had sexual relations with her father” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1140	19:33	r7ai	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Possible meanings are (1) these words are literal, a complement to “when she got up,” or (2) they are a euphemism for sexual relations. Alternate translation: “when she had sexual relations with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1141	19:34	pyk6		See how you translated these phrases in Genesis 19:32.
1142	19:34	mb9p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It can be made explicit that their goal was to get him drunk. Alternate translation: “drink wine until he gets drunk” or “get drunk with wine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1143	19:34	qf2v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks about giving Lot descendants as if his family were a line that they are making longer. Alternate translation: “so that we can bear children who will be our father’s descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1144	19:35	hm3h		See how you translated similar phrases in Genesis 19:33.
1145	19:35	l4nj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This is probably a euphemism for sexual activity. Alternate translation:”had sexual relations with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1146	19:35	x62y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Possible meanings are (1) these words are literal, a complement to “when she got up,” or (2) they are a euphemism for sexual relations. See how these words are translated in Genesis 19:33. Alternate translation: “when she had sexual relations with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1147	19:36	bq86		“became pregnant by their father” or “conceived children with their father”
1148	19:37	ur5a		“He is”
1149	19:37	u4u4		“the Moab people who are now living”
1150	19:37	lre9		The word “today” refers to the time when the author of Genesis was living. The author was born and wrote this many years after Lot’s family lived and died.
1151	19:38	tbc3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is a male name. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1152	19:38	kpi7		“the descendants of Ammon” or “the Ammon people”
1153	20:intro	m5j1		Genesis 20 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter “She is my sister” Abraham was afraid the people of Gerar would see him as a foreigner and upon seeing his beautiful wife, they would try to kill him. This would free Sarah to marry someone else. Apparently, it would have been easy for them to kill a foreigner without punishment. If she was Abraham’s sister, they would have shown favor to him. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Irony Abraham believed that the people of Gerar did not fear Yahweh, but when confronted by Yahweh, the king showed that he feared Yahweh. Instead, it was Abraham who did not show any fear of Yahweh when he sinned. This is irony. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
1154	20:1	pym2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is a desert region on the eastern border of Egypt. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1155	20:2	zga1		“made his men go get Sarah and bring her to him”
1156	20:3	v444		“God appeared to Abimelech”
1157	20:3	tme7		“pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: “
1158	20:3	x7kr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is a strong way of saying the king will die. Alternate translation: “you will certainly die soon” or “I will kill you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1159	20:3	l852		“a married woman”
1160	20:4	cxb7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	This word is used here to mark a change from the story to information about Abimelech. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1161	20:4	nbq2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This is a polite way of saying he did not have sex with her. Alternate translation: “Abimelech had not slept with Sarah” or “Abimelech had not touched Sarah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1162	20:4	gxv9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “nation” stands for the people. Abimelech is worried that God will punish not only him, but his people also. Alternate translation: “even a people who are innocent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1163	20:5	a3jr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	This has quotations within a quotation. They can be stated as indirect quotations. Alternate translation: “Did he himself not tell me that she is his sister? Even she herself told me that he is her brother.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1164	20:5	c4vt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Abimelech used this rhetorical question to remind God of something God already knew. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Abraham himself told me, ‘She is my sister.’” or “Abraham said that she is his sister.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1165	20:5	lx3l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns	The words “he himself” and “she herself” are used for emphasis to bring attention to Abraham and Sarah and to blame them for what happened. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
1166	20:5	ey19	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “heart” stands for his thoughts or intentions. Also “hands” stands for his actions. Alternate translation: “I have done this with good intentions and actions” or “I have done this with no evil thoughts or actions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1167	20:6	b1a5		“God said to Abimelech”
1168	20:6	r797	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “heart” stands for his thoughts or intentions. Alternate translation: “you did this with good intentions” or “you did this without evil intentions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1169	20:6	fkd2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This is a euphemism for having sex with Sarah. Alternate translation: “to sleep with her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1170	20:7	x37f		“Abraham’s wife”
1171	20:7	e8qh		“I will let you live”
1172	20:7	nj49		“all of your people”
1173	20:8	egv2		“He told them everything that God had told him”
1174	20:9	vne4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Abimelech used this rhetorical question to accuse Abraham. Alternate translation: “You have done something bad to us!” or “Look what you have done to us!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1175	20:9	s7b5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	The word “us” here is exclusive and does not include Abraham and Sarah. If your language uses an exclusive form of “we” or “us,” use it here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1176	20:9	za1f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Abimelech used this rhetorical question to remind Abraham that he had not sinned against Abraham. Alternate translation: “I have done nothing against you to cause you to bring … sin.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1177	20:9	jp85	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	To cause someone to be guilty of sinning is spoken of as if “sin” was a thing that could be placed on a person. Alternate translation: “that you should make me and my kingdom guilty of such a terrible sin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1178	20:9	e4jh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “kingdom” stands for the people. Alternate translation: “on the people of my kingdom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1179	20:9	x8wm		“You should not have done this to me”
1180	20:10	qyr8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	“What caused you to do this?” or “Why did you do this?” What Abraham did can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “Why did you tell me that Sarah is your sister?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1181	20:11	gvr3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Because I thought that since no one here fears God, someone may kill me so they can take my wife.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1182	20:11	nei7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “place” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “no one here in Gerar fears God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1183	20:11	y87a		This means to deeply respect God and show that respect by obeying him.
1184	20:12	p538		“Also, it is true that Sarah is my sister” or “Also, Sarah really is my sister”
1185	20:12	ml6b		“we have the same father, but we have different mothers”
1186	20:13	ktu6		Verse 13 is a continuation of Abraham’s answer to Abimelech.
1187	20:13	e2ep	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “house” stands for Abraham’s family. Alternate translation: “my father and the rest of my family” or “my father’s household” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1188	20:13	jl8s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	This has quotations within quotations. They can be stated as indirect quotations. Alternate translation: “I said to Sarah that I wanted her to be faithful to me by telling people everywhere we go that I am her brother” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1189	20:14	sh8w		“Abimelech brought some”
1190	20:15	d1fq		“Abimelech said to Abraham”
1191	20:15	f45t		“Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important”
1192	20:15	pv15	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is a way of saying “I make all of my land available to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1193	20:15	ch6w		“Live wherever you want”
1194	20:16	u7bg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“1,000” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1195	20:16	tv82	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Giving money to prove to others that Sarah is innocent is spoken of as if he is placing a cover over an offense so no one can see it. Alternate translation: “I am giving this to him, so that those who are with you will know that you have done nothing wrong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1196	20:16	gpn5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “in the opinion” or “in the judgement” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1197	20:16	id4c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The passive phrase “made right” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “everyone will know that you are innocent” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1198	20:18	wr3n		“totally unable to have children”
1199	20:18	z9nv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The full meaning can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “because Abimelech had taken Abraham’s wife Sarah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1200	21:intro	cru4		Genesis 21 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Sarah’s anger After Sarah was able to have her own child, and he survived infancy, she began to get angry with Abraham’s other son, Ishmael. He would have been a constant reminder of her own sin. God blessed Ishmael, but he was not able to inherit the promises given to Abraham. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) Abandoning Ishmael According to the law at this time, Hagar was able to gain her freedom from slavery by abandoning any claim to receive an inheritance. This is why Hagar would have abandoned her son under the tree. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Treaty The Gentile king, Abimelech, made a covenant or treaty with Abraham. It is possible that he did this because he recognized the power of Abraham’s God, but his exact reasons are unknown. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
1201	21:1	f988	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Here the phrase “paid attention to” refers to Yahweh helping Sarah have a baby. Alternate translation: “Yahweh helped Sarah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1202	21:2	waa9		“gave birth to Abraham’s son”
1203	21:2	xm5n		“when Abraham was very old”
1204	21:2	ud3d		“at the exact time that God had told him it would happen”
1205	21:3	gbc9		“Abraham named his newborn son, the one Sarah gave birth to, Isaac” or “Abraham named their newborn son Isaac”
1206	21:4	wzz8		“When his son Isaac was eight days old, Abraham circumcised him”
1207	21:4	g3m9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“8 days” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1208	21:4	pp61		“had commanded Abraham to do”
1209	21:5	j1u3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“100” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1210	21:6	nu7q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Sarah was laughing because she was surprised and happy. This can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “God has caused me to laugh joyfully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1211	21:6	ns7b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	What people would hear can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “everyone who hears about what God has done for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1212	21:7	t9ue	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one would have ever said to Abraham that Sarah will nurse children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1213	21:7	hs12	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This is a polite way of referring to breast-feeding babies. Alternate translation: “feed a baby her own milk” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1214	21:8	dp3y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	“Wean” here is a polite way of saying the child was finished with breast feeding. Alternate translation: “Isaac grew, and when he no longer needed his mother’s milk, Abraham had a large feast” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1215	21:9	mm9v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The name of Hagar’s son can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “Ishmael, the son of Hagar the Egyptian and Abraham” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1216	21:9	d73k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It can be stated explicitly that he was jeering or laughing at Isaac. Alternate translation: “laughing at Isaac” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1217	21:10	t7tn		“Sarah said to Abraham”
1218	21:10	y4le		“send away” or “get rid of”
1219	21:10	n7ry		This refers to Hagar and Ishmael. Sarah probably did not refer to them by name because she was angry with them.
1220	21:10	jrm9		“with my son Isaac”
1221	21:11	b5qj		“Abraham was very unhappy about what Sarah said”
1222	21:11	bb4j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	“because it was about his son.” It is implied that this means his son, Ishmael. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1223	21:12	r6u6		“Do not be upset about the boy and your handmaid”
1224	21:12	t2a7		“Do everything that Sarah says to you about them”
1225	21:12	wzl5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The phrase “will be named” means those born through Isaac are the ones God considers to be the descendants that he promised Abraham. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Isaac is the one who will be the forefather of the descendants I promised to give you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1226	21:13	k7jw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “nation” means God will give him many descendants so that they become a great nation of people. Alternate translation: “I will make the servant woman’s son also become the father of a great nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1227	21:14	u9q1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Possible meanings are (1) this refers to food in general or (2) this refers to bread specifically. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1228	21:14	hbx9		“a bag of water.” The water container was made out of animal skin.
1229	21:15	ad5u		“When the water bag was empty” or “When they had drank all of the water”
1230	21:16	z7c3		This refers to the distance that a person could shoot an arrow with a bow. This is about 100 meters.
1231	21:16	kuh9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “death” can be stated as “die.” Alternate translation: “I do not want to watch the boy die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1232	21:16	i8r8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “voice” stands for the sound of her crying. To “life up her voice” means to cry loudly. Alternate translation: “she cried out loudly and wept” or “she wept loudly” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1233	21:17	y2cd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	“the boy’s voice.” Here “voice” stands for the sound of the boy crying or speaking. Alternate translation: “the sound of Ishmael” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1234	21:17	swz4		“a messenger from God” or “God’s messenger”
1235	21:17	nh6r		Here “heaven” means the place where God lives.
1236	21:17	usq5		“What is wrong” or “Why are you crying”
1237	21:17	bx2t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “voice” stands for the sound of the boy crying or speaking. Alternate translation: “the sound of the boy lying over there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1238	21:18	n4hf		“help the boy stand up”
1239	21:18	ifp4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	To make Ishmael into a great nation means God will give him many descendants who will become a great nation. Alternate translation: “I will make his descendants become a great nation” or “I will make him become the ancestor of a great nation” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1240	21:19	kqh4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God making Hagar aware of the well is spoken of as if he literally opened her eyes. Alternate translation: “God caused Hagar to see” or “God showed her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1241	21:19	l527		“the container made of skin” or “the bag”
1242	21:19	q3fh		“the boy” or “Ishmael”
1243	21:20	i9tw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here the phrase “was with” is an idiom that means God helped or blessed the boy. Alternate translation: “God guided the boy” or “God blessed the boy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1244	21:20	dwr6		“became very skilled at using a bow and arrows”
1245	21:21	nwf2		“found a wife”
1246	21:22	d7es	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	This phrase marks the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
1247	21:22	sx3y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1248	21:22	fg4b		“commander of his army”
1249	21:22	j5ga		The word “his” refers to Abimelech.
1250	21:22	ed3j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here the phrase “is with you” is an idiom that means God helps or blesses Abraham. Alternate translation: “God blesses everything you do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1251	21:23	s6v8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The word “Now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows. Alternate translation: “Therefore” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1252	21:23	le59	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is an idiom meaning to make a solemn oath witnessed by a higher authority, in this instance, God. Alternate translation: “promise me with God as your witness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1253	21:23	du1c		“that you will not lie to me”
1254	21:23	z3n7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “will deal honestly with me and my descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1255	21:23	s3ki	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The two men had made a covenant with each other. The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful” or “loyal.” Alternate translation: “Be as faithful to me and to the land as I have been to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1256	21:23	cj4i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “land” stands for the people. Alternate translation: “to the people of the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1257	21:24	s11p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	This can be stated with the understood information. Alternate translation: “I swear to be as faithful to you and your people as you have been to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1258	21:25	v44s		Possible meanings are (1) Abraham was complaining about what happened or (2) “Abraham also rebuked Abimelech”
1259	21:25	ph9l		“because Abimelech’s servants had taken one of Abraham’s wells”
1260	21:25	t12g		“taken from Abraham” or “had taken control of”
1261	21:26	i3se		“This is the first time I have heard about it”
1262	21:27	ruw8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	This is a sign of friendship and that Abraham agrees to make covenant with Abimelech. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1263	21:28	jy7m		“Abraham separated seven female lambs from the flock”
1264	21:29	tqa1		“Why have you separated these seven lambs from the flock?”
1265	21:30	t7mt		“you will take”
1266	21:30	mf9f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “hand” stands for Abraham. Alternate translation: “from me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1267	21:30	z8ku		The word “it” refers to the gift of seven lambs.
1268	21:30	k965	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “witness” can be stated as “to prove.” Alternate translation: “to prove to everyone” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1269	21:31	fs2d		“Abraham called that place”
1270	21:31	nln8		Translators may add a footnote saying “Beersheba can mean either “well of the oath” or “well of seven.”
1271	21:31	uup5		“Abraham and Abimelech”
1272	21:32	nu8h		This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in Genesis 21:22.
1273	21:33	nb3h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	This is an evergreen tree that can grow in the desert. It can be stated more generally. Alternate translation: “a tree” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1274	21:33	hss3		“the God who lives forever”
1275	21:34	q54a		“for a long time”
1276	22:intro	eq6l		Genesis 22 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Sacrificing his son Although Isaac was not Abraham’s only son, he was the son who was to inherit Abraham’s promised blessings. It is possible this parallels God’s actual sacrifice of his son, Jesus, for the sins of man. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) Covenant affirmation After important events, it is common for Scripture to affirm the tenants of a covenant. This serves as a reminder of the covenant and affirms it. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter God tests Abraham Extra care should be taken when translating “testing.” It is best to avoid using the same word used for “tempting” even though they overlap in meaning. This is because Scripture also says God does not tempt anyone. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/test]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/tempt]] and James 2:13)
1277	22:1	v5l5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
1278	22:1	l21s		This phrase refers to the events in chapter 21.
1279	22:1	n2k1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It is implied that God tests Abraham to learn if Abraham will be faithful to him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: God tested Abraham’s faithfulness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1280	22:1	wmg9		“Yes, I am listening” or “Yes, what is it?”
1281	22:2	riw5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It is implied that God knows that Abraham has another son, Ishmael. This emphasizes that Isaac is the son that God promised to give Abraham. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “your only son whom I have promised” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1282	22:2	wi8g		This emphasizes Abraham’s love for his son, Isaac.
1283	22:2	f7eh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	“the land called Moriah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1284	22:3	t9yx		“loaded his donkey” or “put on his donkey what he needed for the journey”
1285	22:3	yed4		“servants”
1286	22:3	u1yy		“started his journey” or “started traveling”
1287	22:4	rp2j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	The word “third” is the ordinal number for three. Alternate translation: “After traveling for three days” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1288	22:4	wqd9		“saw far away the place that God had spoken of”
1289	22:5	n287		“servants”
1290	22:5	fay2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	The word “we” refers only to Abraham and Isaac, but not to the young men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1291	22:5	h4ur		“return to you”
1292	22:6	hdf8		“had Isaac, his son, carry it”
1293	22:6	kw2g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “his own hand” emphasizes that Abraham himself carried these things. Alternate translation: “Abraham himself carried” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1294	22:6	lj2s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “fire” stands for a pan containing burning coals or a torch or lamp. Alternate translation: “something for starting a fire” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1295	22:6	v6yy		“they left together” or “the two of them went together”
1296	22:7	h248		This is a loving way for a son to speak to his father.
1297	22:7	j9ph		“Yes, I am listening” or “Yes, what is it?” See how you translated this in Genesis 22:1.
1298	22:7	vf73		This is a loving way for a father to speak to his son.
1299	22:7	m2y2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “fire” stands for a pan containing burning coals or a torch or lamp. See how you translated this in Genesis 22:6. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1300	22:7	eb9g		“the lamb that you will give as a burnt offering”
1301	22:8	w7zp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns	Here “himself” emphasizes that it is God who will provide the lamb. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
1302	22:8	p2wc		“will give us”
1303	22:9	yn6m		“When Abraham and Isaac arrived at the place”
1304	22:9	x21f		“he tied up”
1305	22:9	g9i8		“on top of the wood that was on the altar”
1306	22:10	a5eg		“picked up the knife”
1307	22:11	d82r		Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh made himself look like an angel or (2) this was one of Yahweh’s angels or (3) this was a special messenger from God (some scholars think it was Jesus). Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as “the angel of Yahweh” using the normal word that you use for “angel.” See the note about this phrase in Genesis 16:7.
1308	22:11	yu4c		This refers to the place where God lives.
1309	22:11	w9zz		“Yes, I am listening” or “Yes, what is it?” See how you translated this in Genesis 22:1.
1310	22:12	m8d6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The phrase “Do no lay your hand upon” is a way of saying “do not harm.” God said basically the same thing twice to emphasize that Abraham should not hurt Isaac. Alternate translation: “Do not hurt the boy in any way” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1311	22:12	n4c5		The words “I” and “me” refer to Yahweh. When translating what is in the quote, do it as the angel of Yahweh did and use the words “I” and “me” when referring to Yahweh.
1312	22:12	n8sb		This refers to deeply respecting God and showing that respect by obeying him.
1313	22:12	rcz2		“because I see that”
1314	22:12	nh8u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	“you have not held back your son … from me.” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “you were willing to offer your son … to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1315	22:12	yqd1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It is implied that God knows that Abraham has another son, Ishmael. This emphasizes that Isaac is the son that God promised to give Abraham. See how you translated a similar phrase in Genesis 22:2. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1316	22:13	n7b6		The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
1317	22:13	qy8n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “was a ram whose horns were stuck in the bushes” or “was a ram stuck in the bushes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1318	22:13	i7l2		“Abraham went over to the ram and took it”
1319	22:14	fk9q		Use the same word for “provide” as you used in Genesis 22:8.
1320	22:14	cbx8		“even now.” This means even to the time that the author was writing this book.
1321	22:14	qmx7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will provide” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1322	22:15	qcn7		Possible meanings are (1) Yahweh made himself look like an angel or (2) this was one of Yahweh’s angels or (3) this was a special messenger from God (some scholars think it was Jesus). Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as “The angel of Yahweh” using the normal word that you use for “angel.” See the note about this phrase in Genesis 16:7.
1323	22:15	aa8z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	The word “second” is the ordinal number for two. Alternate translation: “again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
1324	22:15	e8jz		Here the word “heaven” refers to the place where God lives.
1325	22:16	t7gg		“spoke this message from Yahweh” or “declared these words of Yahweh.” This is a formal way of saying that the words that follow come directly from Yahweh.
1326	22:16	p814		“I have promised and I am my witness.” To swear means to use the name of something or someone as the basis or power on which the oath is made. There is nothing more powerful for Yahweh to swear by than himself.
1327	22:16	une6		“you obeyed me”
1328	22:16	jc1a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	“have not kept back your son.” This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “were willing to offer your son to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
1329	22:16	pyp7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It is implied that God knows that Abraham has another son, Ishmael. This emphasizes that Isaac is the son that God promised to give Abraham. See how you translated a similar phrase in Genesis 22:2. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1330	22:17	rb7e		“certainly bless”
1331	22:17	ejb4		“I will cause your descendants to increase again and again” or “I will cause your descendants to be very many”
1332	22:17	aih1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	God compared Abraham’s descendants to the stars and the sand. Just as people cannot count the huge number of stars or the grains of sand, so there would be so many of Abraham’s descendants that people would not be able to count them. Alternate translation: “beyond what you can count” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1333	22:17	v86r		Here the word “heavens” refers to everything we see above the earth, including the sun, moon, and stars.
1334	22:17	q7zd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “gate” represents the whole city. To “possess the gate of their enemies” means destroying their enemies. Alternate translation: “will completely triumph over their enemies” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1335	22:18	tq9d		The angel of Yahweh continues speaking to Abraham.
1336	22:18	u7dd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I, the Lord, will bless all the people living everywhere” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1337	22:18	bl9q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “nations” stands for the people of the nations. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1338	22:18	i6qx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “voice” stands for what God said. Alternate translation: “you have obeyed what I said” or “you have obeyed me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1339	22:19	eb78	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Only Abraham was named because he was the father, but it was implied that his son went with him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Abraham and his son went back” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1340	22:19	vx4h		“servants”
1341	22:19	e1ck		“they left that place”
1342	22:19	v5yw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Only Abraham was mentioned because he was the leader of his family and servants, but it was implied that they were with him. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Abraham and his people stayed in Beersheba” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1343	22:20	hai9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	“After these events.” The phrase “these things” refers to the events of Genesis 22:1-19. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
1344	22:20	u5ru	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone told Abraham” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1345	22:20	a222		“Milkah has also borne children”
1346	22:20	i8qv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1347	22:21	hd5y		“The name of his firstborn was Uz, and the names of the rest of his children were Buz his brother”
1348	22:21	xm6k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are all names of men. Translate this so that it is clear that all of these except Aram are the sons of Nahor and Milkah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1349	22:22	qg5a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are all names of men. Translate this so that it is clear that all of these are the sons of Nahor and Milkah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1350	22:23	h2fe		“Later Bethel became the father of Rebekah”
1351	22:23	xue2		“These were the eight children of Milkah and Nahor, Abraham’s brother.” This refers to the children that were listed in Genesis 22:21-22.
1352	22:24	v3k2		“Nahor’s concubine”
1353	22:24	td3e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1354	22:24	uvx4		“also gave birth to”
1355	22:24	km7f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1356	23:intro	m5kz		Genesis 23 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Abraham’s character Abraham’s interaction with the people show that he was greatly respected. This would have been unusual for a foreigner and indicates that Abraham was a man of great character. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Burial Burial was a common practice when Abraham lived, but only the wealthy were able to bury their dead relatives in this way.
1357	23:1	by7k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“Sarah lived 127 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1358	23:1	dq7c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	Some translations do not include this sentence. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1359	23:2	bm76	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1360	23:2	dik9		“Abraham was very sad and cried because Sarah died”
1361	23:3	r87x		“got up and left his wife’s body”
1362	23:3	n5za	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Here “sons” stands for those who descended from Heth. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Heth” or “the Hittites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1363	23:4	tg1d		This idea may be expressed in terms of location. “in your country” or “here”
1364	23:4	llx2		“Sell me some land” or “Allow me to buy a piece of land”
1365	23:4	ehx7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	The nominal adjective “dead” can be stated as an adjective or a verb. Alternate translation: “my dead wife” or “my wife who has died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1366	23:5	w3ln	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Here “sons” stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in Genesis 23:3. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Heth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1367	23:6	s243		This phrase is used to show respect to Abraham.
1368	23:6	z2xn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is an idiom. This probably means “a powerful man” or “a mighty leader.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1369	23:6	l6my	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	The nominal adjective “dead” can be stated as a verb or simply as “wife.” Alternate translation: “your wife who has died” or “your wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1370	23:6	rh4j		“the best of our burial places”
1371	23:6	u2pe		“withhold his burial place from you” or “refuse to give to you his tomb”
1372	23:7	h7w7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage	This means to bend over or kneel down very low to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
1373	23:7	yw6s		“to the sons of Heth who lived in the area”
1374	23:7	qnd5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Here “sons” stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in Genesis 23:3. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Heth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1375	23:8	z68i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	The nominal adjective “dead” can be stated as a verb or simply as “wife.” Alternate translation: “my wife who has died” or “my wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1376	23:8	c9j3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1377	23:9	t978		“his cave that is at the end of his field in Machpelah”
1378	23:9	h3f7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	“the cave in Machpela.” Machpela was the name of an area or region. Ephron owned a field in Machpela and the cave that was in the field. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1379	23:9	n9as	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish	This tells something about the cave. Ephron owned the cave. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
1380	23:9	e8mr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish	This also tells something about the cave. The cave was at the end of Ephron’s field. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
1381	23:9	xw6j		“sell it to me in front of you all” or “sell it to me in your presence”
1382	23:9	h1qr		“as a piece of land that I may own and use”
1383	23:10	idb1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Here “Now” is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Ephron. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1384	23:10	w16a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in Genesis 23:8. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1385	23:10	qat3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Here “sons” stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in Genesis 23:3. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Heth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1386	23:10	pmj4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “the hearing” can be stated as “hear” or “listening.” Alternate translation: “so that all the sons of Heth could hear him” or “while all the sons of Heth were listening” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1387	23:10	yq1p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish	This tells which sons of Heth were listening. Alternate translation: “all those who had gathered at the gate of his city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
1388	23:10	v5hh		The city gate was where the leaders of the city would meet to make important decisions.
1389	23:10	juf1		“the city where he lived.” This phrase shows that Ephron belonged to that city. It does not mean that he owned it.
1390	23:11	t9j5		This phrase is used to show respect to Abraham.
1391	23:11	zt96	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “presence” stands for the people serving as witnesses. Alternate translation: “with my fellow countrymen as my witnesses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1392	23:11	td9w		This means “my fellow countrymen” or “my fellow Hittites”
1393	23:11	zdp4		This phrase shows that Ephron was part of that group of people. It does not mean that he was their leader.
1394	23:11	eq11		“I give it to you. Bury your dead”
1395	23:11	d3q4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	The nominal adjective “dead” can be stated as a verb or simply as “wife.” Alternate translation: “your wife who has died” or “your wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1396	23:12	sv7w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage	This means to bend over or kneel down very low to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])
1397	23:12	g1ce		“people who lived in that area”
1398	23:13	s7vm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “the hearing” can be stated as “hear” or “listening” Alternate translation: “so that the people who lived in the area could hear” or “while the people who lived in the area were listening” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1399	23:13	d4k3		The word “but” shows a contrast. Ephron wanted to give the field to Abraham; Abraham wanted to pay for it. Alternate translation: “No, but if you are willing” or “No, but if you agree with this”
1400	23:13	t89n		“I will give you money for the field”
1401	23:13	xai6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	The nominal adjective “dead” can be stated as a verb or simply as “wife.” Alternate translation: “my wife who has died” or “my wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1402	23:14	i9a7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in Genesis 23:8. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1403	23:15	a9gk		“Hear me, my master” or “Listen to me, kind sir”
1404	23:15	a6wp		This phrase is used to show respect to Abraham.
1405	23:15	v7ic	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Ephron meant that since he and Abraham were both so wealthy, 400 pieces of silver was a small amount. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “The piece of land is worth only four hundred shekels of silver. For you and me, that is nothing.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1406	23:15	pl1v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight	This is about 4.5 kilograms of silver. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
1407	23:15	vh1v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“400” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1408	23:15	v5rr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj	The nominal adjective “dead” can be stated as a verb or simply as “wife.” Alternate translation: “Go bury your wife who has died” or “Go bury your wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])
1409	23:16	bu12		“Abraham weighed the silver and gave Ephron the amount” or “Abraham counted out to Ephron the amount of silver”
1410	23:16	af6q		“the amount of silver that Ephron had said”
1411	23:16	k56n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “the hearing” can be stated as “hear” or “listening.” Alternate translation: “so that all the sons of Heth could hear him” or “while all the sons of Heth were listening” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1412	23:16	n255	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Here “sons” stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in Genesis 23:3. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Heth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1413	23:16	z85u		“using the standard measurement of weight that merchants used.” This can be stated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “He weighed the silver the same way that the merchants used to weigh it”
1414	23:17	tt9e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Machpela was the name of an area or region. See how you translated this in Genesis 23:9. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1415	23:17	x6jb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This was another name for the city of Hebron. It may have been named after Mamre, the friend of Abraham who lived there. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1416	23:17	ia83		This phrase explains what the author meant when he wrote “the field of Ephron.” It was not only the field, but also the cave and trees in the field.
1417	23:17	d6s8		“became property that belonged”
1418	23:18	lsx4		These words complete the idea that begins with the word “passed” in verse 17. “became Abraham’s possession when he purchased it” or “belonged to Abraham after he bought it”
1419	23:18	cr5r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “presence” stands for the people serving as witnesses. Alternate translation: “with the people of Heth watching as witnesses” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1420	23:18	n2pe	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Here “sons” stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in Genesis 23:3. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Heth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1421	23:18	g8u6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish	This tells which sons of Heth saw Abraham buy the property. See how you translated this in Genesis 23:10. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish]])
1422	23:18	ygu6		The city gate was where the leaders of the city would meet to make important decisions.
1423	23:18	e2hk		“the city where he lived.” This phrase shows that Ephron belonged to that city. It does not mean that he owned it.
1424	23:19	ekx3		“After he bought the field”
1425	23:19	fv26		“the cave in the field”
1426	23:19	b38v		“the field in Machpelah”
1427	23:19	ey3f		Possible meanings are (1) Mamre was another name for Hebron or (2) Hebron was formerly called Mamre or (3) Mamre was very near the larger city of Hebron, so people usually called it Hebron.
1428	23:20	cs4e		“became Abraham’s property for a burial ground when he bought it from the sons of Heth”
1429	23:20	fx6q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Here “sons” stands for those who descended from Heth. See how you translated this in Genesis 23:3. Alternate translation: “the descendants of Heth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1430	24:intro	t2cz		Genesis 24 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 24:60. Special concepts in this chapter Intermarriage Abraham would not allow his son to marry anyone from the people of Canaan. This is because it would cause his son to worship other gods. Intermarriage and worshiping false gods are things that frequently caused Abraham’s descendants to struggle. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]]) Abraham’s wealth There are many instances recorded in this chapter which highlight Abraham’s significant wealth. He owned more than 10 camels and had large amounts of gold. Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter “Put your hand under my thigh” Many scholars believe this is a euphemism. Putting one’s hand on a man’s genitals was a way to make an important oath. It represented power and progeny. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1431	24:1	swv5		This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story.
1432	24:2	ebr3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	Abraham was about to ask the servant to swear to do something. Putting his hand under Abraham’s thigh would show that he would certainly do what he would swear to do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1433	24:3	f2nf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	This can be expressed as a command. Alternate translation: “swear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
1434	24:3	a7dx		The term “swear by” means to use the name of something or someone as the basis or power on which the oath is made. “promise me with Yahweh as your witness”
1435	24:3	hip1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	“the God of heaven and earth.” The words “heaven” and “earth” are used together to mean every thing that God created. Alternate translation: “the God of everything in heaven and earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
1436	24:3	ren6		This refers to the place where God lives.
1437	24:3	v2r5		“from the Canaanite women” or “from the Canaanites.” This refers to Canaanite females.
1438	24:3	i3p4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	“among whom I live.” Here, “I” stands for Abraham and all of his family and servants. Alternate translation: “among whom we live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1439	24:4	a5wn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative	This can be stated as a command. Alternate translation: “Swear that you will go” or “But go” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])
1440	24:4	s3ne		“my family”
1441	24:5	qpu6		“What should I do if”
1442	24:5	wkn5		“will not follow me” or “refuses to come back with me”
1443	24:5	b9nk		“Should I take you son to live in the land from which you came”
1444	24:6	g1bh		The phrase “Make sure” emphasizes the command that follows. “Be careful not to take my son back there” or “You definitely must not take my son there”
1445	24:7	b2tf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “house” stands for the people in his family. Alternate translation: “who took me from my father and the rest of my family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1446	24:7	rg6g		“swore an oath to me”
1447	24:7	ar65	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “saying that he would give this land to my offspring” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1448	24:7	a25j		The words “he” and “his” refer to Yahweh.
1449	24:8	w9ll		Verse 8 is a continuation of the instructions Abraham gave his servant.
1450	24:8	j773	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	“But if the woman refuses to come with you.” Abraham was answering the servant’s question from Genesis 24:5. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1451	24:8	q3gy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	“you will be released from the oath you made to me.” Not having to fulfill an oath is spoken of as if the person is free from an object to which he was bound. Alternate translation: “you will not have to do what you swore to me that you would do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1452	24:9	tty4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	This was to show that he would certainly do what he was swearing to do. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1453	24:9	lt8g		“made an oath to him”
1454	24:9	k6wb		“concerning Abraham’s request” or “that he would do what Abraham said”
1455	24:10	qz3v		The sentence starting with “He also took” gives additional information about what the servant took with him on the journey. He gathered them before he departed.
1456	24:10	t2ji		This means he also took many good things that his master wanted to give to the woman’s family.
1457	24:10	yq2h		“set out and went” or “he left and went”
1458	24:10	nmn4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Possible meanings are (1) the city where Nahor lived” or (2) “the city called Nahor.” If you can translate it without choosing a meaning, do so. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1459	24:11	x8ge		Camels are tall animals with long legs. He made them bend their legs and lower their bodies to the ground. “He made the camels lie down”
1460	24:11	c8xs		“water well” or “well”
1461	24:11	n18k		“get water”
1462	24:12	tp8i		“Then the servant said”
1463	24:12	yyj6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	You can state this with the connecting word “by.” This makes clear how the servant wants God to show covenant faithfulness. Alternate translation: “Show covenant faithfulness to my master Abraham by granting me success today” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
1464	24:12	i9ac	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	“give me success.” The servant wanted to find a good wife for Abraham’s son. The abstract noun “success” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “help me to succeed” or “make me able to do what I have come here to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1465	24:12	n4s6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful.” Alternate translation: “be faithful to the covenant you have with my master Abraham” or “be faithful to my master Abraham” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1466	24:13	b9wq		“You can see me standing here”
1467	24:13	y2ut		“the spring” or “the well”
1468	24:13	v4y7		“the young women of the city”
1469	24:14	xg68		“Let it happen this way” or “Make this happen”
1470	24:14	uy2f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	This is a quotation within a quotation. This can be expressed with an indirect quote. Alternate translation: “When I ask a young woman to let me have a drink of water from her jar” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1471	24:14	z6kj		The women carried the pitchers on their shoulder. She would have to lower it to give the man a drink.
1472	24:14	khg5		a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids
1473	24:14	je9p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “been faithful.” Alternate translation: “that you have been faithful to the covenant you have with my master Abraham” or “you have been faithful to my master Abraham” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1474	24:15	td2g		This phrase is used here to mark where the action starts. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
1475	24:15	jq3w		The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
1476	24:15	fm5s		This is a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids. See how you translated this in Genesis 24:14.
1477	24:15	y3qz		“Rebekah’s father was Bethuel. Bethuel’s parents were Milkah and Nahor. Nahor was Abraham’s brother”
1478	24:15	y6za	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Bethuel was Rebekah’s father. See how you translated this name in Genesis 22:22. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1479	24:15	y7ld	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a man. See how you translated his name in Genesis 11:22. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1480	24:15	xmc5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Milkah was Nahor’s wife and Bethuel’s mother. See how you translated this name in Genesis 11:29. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1481	24:16	s6tm		The spring was somewhere lower in elevation than where the servant was standing.
1482	24:17	lng1		“to meet the young woman”
1483	24:17	hb32		“a little water”
1484	24:17	tiz4		This is a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids. See how you translated this in Genesis 24:14.
1485	24:18	dr38		“sir.” Here the woman uses this term of respect to refer to the man, though she is not his slave.
1486	24:18	h8xp		“she quickly lowered her pitcher.” She was carrying the pitcher on her shoulder. She had to lower it to get water for the servant.
1487	24:19	jg5k		“I will get water”
1488	24:20	n27r		“So she quickly emptied her pitcher”
1489	24:20	pkk9		“the animals’ water trough.” A trough is a long open container for holding water for animals to drink.
1490	24:21	ui6c		“The servant”
1491	24:21	q4p6		“watched Rebekah” or “watched the young woman”
1492	24:21	b11e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Learning something is often spoken of as if it were seeing. Alternate translation: “to know” or “to determine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1493	24:21	i3b2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	“had fulfilled the purpose of his journey” or “had made his journey successful.” You can make explicit what specifically the servant was trying to determine. Alternate translation: “was showing him the woman who would become Isaac’s wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1494	24:21	x4zm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	You can state clearly the understood information. Alternate translation: “or not prospered his journey” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1495	24:22	slf4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight	“a gold nose ring that weighed six grams.” The weight indicates the value of the ring. Alternate translation: “an expensive gold nose ring” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
1496	24:22	w1h6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight	“two gold bracelets for her arms that weighed 110 grams.” The weight shows their size and value. Alternate translation: “two large gold bracelets for her arms” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
1497	24:23	r4h2		“Who is your father”
1498	24:23	e8zs		“is there a place in your father’s house”
1499	24:23	vu7b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	Apparently other men went on this journey with Abraham’s servant. Here “us” refers to the servant and those traveling with him, but not to those to whom he was speaking. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1500	24:23	ij83		“to stay tonight” or “to stay for the night”
1501	24:24	qx3y		“Rebekah said” or “the young woman said”
1502	24:24	h5cc		“to the servant”
1503	24:24	tu27		“Bethuel is my father, and his parents are Milkah and Nahor”
1504	24:25	ki2b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	It is understood that the straw and feed are for the camels. You can make clear this understood information. Alternate translation: “We have plenty of straw and feed for the camels” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1505	24:25	g1si		“for you to stay tonight” or “where you can stay for the night”
1506	24:25	j8dw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	Here “you” refers to the servant and those traveling with him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1507	24:26	wj5p		“the servant”
1508	24:26	rf3n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	This is a sign of humility before God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1509	24:27	pf99	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	“has not stopped showing his covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness to my master.” The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “to be faithful and trustworthy.” Alternate translation: “has not stopped being faithful to his covenant and trustworthy toward my master” or “has not stopped being faithful and trustworthy to my master” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1510	24:27	eme3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “continues to show” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1511	24:27	xfl3		“my master’s family” or “my master’s clan”
1512	24:28	s6bc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “household” stands for all the people living in her mother’s house. Alternate translation: “ran to the house and told her mother and everyone there” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1513	24:28	xw7q		“everything that had just happened”
1514	24:29	yd93	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author tells background information about Rebekah. The author introduces her brother, Laban, to the story. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])
1515	24:30	n1zt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events	These things happened before he ran out to the man. This tells why Laban ran out to the man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
1516	24:30	si84	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations	This can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “when he had heard his sister Rebekah tell what the man had said to her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1517	24:30	qav2		The word “behold” here adds emphasis to what follows. “it was just as she had said: he”
1518	24:31	w2vg		“Come in, you” or “Enter, you”
1519	24:31	rud7		“you whom Yahweh has blessed”
1520	24:31	tn1r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	Here the word “you” refers to Abraham’s servant. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1521	24:31	gk45	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Laban used this question to invite Abraham’s servant into his house. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “You do not need to stay outside.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1522	24:32	n6xf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	The word “came” can be translated as “went.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
1523	24:32	h7z7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	It is not clear who did this work. This may be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Laban’s servants unloaded the camels” or “the camels were unloaded” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1524	24:32	hhx8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This does not say who did the work. If you state this in active form use “Laban’s servants” as the subject. Alternate translation: “Laban’s servants gave straw and feed to the camels, and they provided water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1525	24:32	jti6		“for Abraham’s servant and the men who were with him to wash their feet”
1526	24:33	x4b4		Here, the word “they” refers to Laban’s family members or to the household servants.
1527	24:33	th5z		“gave food to the servant”
1528	24:33	d4p6		“spoken my words” or “told you why I am here”
1529	24:35	x58h		Here the word “he” refers to Abraham.
1530	24:35	w53i		“become very wealthy”
1531	24:35	ff88		The word “he” refers to Yahweh.
1532	24:36	l6kq		Abraham’s servant continues speaking to Rebekah’s family.
1533	24:36	em4l		“gave birth to a son”
1534	24:36	sw5h		“my master has given … to his son”
1535	24:37	bu75		“My master made me swear that I would do what he told me to do. He said”
1536	24:37	gr54		This refers to Canaanite females. Alternate translation: “from the Canaanite women” or “from the Canaanites”
1537	24:37	nd18	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	“among whom I live.” Here, “I” stands for Abraham and all of his family and servants. Alternate translation: “among whom we live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1538	24:38	ye3t		“to my own clan”
1539	24:39	pgj8		Abraham’s servant continues speaking to Rebekah’s family.
1540	24:39	xvk8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	This is something that could possibly happen. Alternate translation: “What if the woman will not come back with me?” or “What should I do if the woman will not come back with me?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1541	24:40	mp4m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Serving Yahweh is spoken of as if Abraham were walking in Yahweh’s presence. Alternate translation: “whom I serve” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1542	24:40	uj9t		“he will make your journey successful”
1543	24:40	f64z		“family”
1544	24:41	x3ph	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	This is a hypothetical situation that Abraham did not think was likely to happen. Possible meanings are (1) “There is only one way for you to be free from my oath: if you come to my relatives and they will not give her to you, then you will be free from my oath” or, (2) building on verse 40, “If you go to my father’s family and ask for a girl, you will have done what I told you to do. If they will not give her to you, then you will be free from the oath you swore to me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
1545	24:41	ijt4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	“you will be released from the oath you made to me.” Not having to fulfill an oath is spoken of as if the person is free from an object to which he was bound. Alternate translation: “you will not have to do what you swore to me that you would do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1546	24:41	wll8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	Languages use the words come and go differently. Alternate translation: “if you arrive at my relatives’ home” or “if you go to my relatives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
1547	24:42	t1j2		Abraham’s servant continues speaking to Rebekah’s family.
1548	24:42	m7ps		“the well”
1549	24:43	ey1m		The servant goes back to stating his request. These are the first two things he has to say about the woman whom he hopes will come.
1550	24:43	ru4z		“to get water”
1551	24:43	ays7		This is a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids. See how you translated this in Genesis 24:14.
1552	24:44	k1f8		The thought that begins with the words “let the young woman who comes” in verse 43 ends here. This is the third of the three things the servant has to say about the woman whom he hopes will come.
1553	24:44	t41f		The servant finishes his request.
1554	24:45	jux7		Abraham’s servant continues speaking to Rebekah’s family.
1555	24:45	w249	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	To pray silently in one’s mind is spoken of as if he were speaking in his heart. The word “heart” refers to his thoughts and his mind. Alternate translation: “praying” or “praying quietly” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1556	24:45	s82z		“suddenly Rebekah came” or “I was surprised because I saw Rebekah coming”
1557	24:45	s4y4		This is a medium-size jar made of clay used for holding and pouring liquids. See how you translated this in Genesis 24:14.
1558	24:45	v94w		The phrase “went down” is used because the spring was somewhere lower than where the servant was standing.
1559	24:45	r9da		opening in the ground from which fresh water comes
1560	24:46	kvw1		“gave water to the camels”
1561	24:47	q3rt		Abraham’s servant continues speaking to Rebekah’s family.
1562	24:47	wg1u		“My father is Bethuel. His parents are Nahor and Milkah”
1563	24:47	xxd2		In this story, all of these items were made of gold. See how you translated these in Genesis 24:22.
1564	24:48	e8rq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	This is a sign of humility before God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1565	24:48	h58h		“brought me here”
1566	24:48	zhy2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	The connecting word “because” can be used to show this is why the servant worshiped God. Alternate translation: “because Yahweh led me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
1567	24:48	p249		This refers to Bethuel, the son of Abraham’s brother Nahor.
1568	24:49	v7x5		Abraham’s servant continues speaking to Rebekah’s family.
1569	24:49	u6eh		“Now.” Here “Now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
1570	24:49	yac9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	How they could show the covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “tell me if you will be faithful and trustworthy to my master by giving Rebekah to be his son’s wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1571	24:49	q5fw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	The word “you” refers to Laban and Bethuel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
1572	24:49	bf6u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	These abstract nouns can be stated as “faithful and trustworthy.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1573	24:49	r8l1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The understood information can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “But if you are not prepared to treat my master with family faithfulness and trustworthiness” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
1574	24:49	yjd9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Possible meanings are (1) deciding what to do is spoken of as if the person will physically turn one direction or another. Alternate translation: “so that I will know what do” or (2) the servant wants to know if he needs to travel somewhere else. Alternate translation: “so that I may continue on my journey” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1575	24:50	jew5		This was the father of Laban and Rebekah.
1576	24:50	x54j		“Yahweh has caused all of this to happen”
1577	24:50	e21v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	They are saying they do not have the authority to decide whether what God has done is good or bad. Alternate translation: “we dare not judge what Yahweh is doing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1578	24:51	y3tx		“You can see Rebekah here”
1579	24:51	zkd6		“Here is Rebekah”
1580	24:52	f6nn		“what Laban and Bethuel said”
1581	24:52	s5s4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	Bowing down before God is an expression of worship to him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1582	24:53	c4x7		“silver and gold items” or “things made of silver and gold”
1583	24:53	yqa2		“expensive gifts” or “valuable gifts”
1584	24:54	w8v9		“Abraham’s servant and his men”
1585	24:54	ssz6		“slept there that night”
1586	24:54	v8m5		“got up the next morning”
1587	24:54	fw75		“Let me leave and return”
1588	24:55	a6ia		“at least ten more days”
1589	24:55	ce7w		“Then”
1590	24:56	pr3s		“Abraham’s servant said”
1591	24:56	sl94		“to Rebekah’s brother and mother”
1592	24:56	dav8		“Do not delay me” or “Do not make me wait”
1593	24:56	jnv7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “way” stands for a journey. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has caused me to succeed in the purpose my journey” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1594	24:56	g87g		“Allow me to leave”
1595	24:59	qez3		“So the family sent Rebekah”
1596	24:59	e462		Rebekah was Laban’s sister. Alternate translation: “their relative” or “Laban’s sister”
1597	24:59	uvk2		This refers to the female servant who had fed Rebekah when she was a baby, cared for her when she was a child, and still served her.
1598	24:60	ck3m		Rebekah was not the sister to everyone in her family. But they called her this to show that they loved her. Alternate translation: “Our dear Rebekah”
1599	24:60	lz94		Here “mother” stands for ancestor. Alternate translation: “may you be the ancestor of millions of people” or “may you have very many descendants”
1600	24:60	k4au	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	This means a very large number or an uncountable number. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1601	24:60	lj6f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Armies would break through the gate of their enemies’ cities and conquer the people. Alternate translation: “may your descendants completely defeat those who hate them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1602	24:61	m2sa		“Then Rebekah and her servant girls went and got on the camels”
1603	24:61	s54m		“In this way Abraham’s servant took Rebekah with him and returned to where he had come from”
1604	24:62	de8g		This word marks a change in the story. It was telling about the servant finding a wife, and now it will tell about Isaac.
1605	24:62	a6ll		This is the name of a water well in the Negev. See how you translated it in Genesis 16:14.
1606	24:63	l5s8		“One evening Isaac went out to the field to think.” This must have been a long time after the servant and Rebekah left her home since they had to travel a long distance.
1607	24:63	r5zl		The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows. “When he looked up he was surprised to see camels coming”
1608	24:64	ct8r		“Rebekah looked up”
1609	24:64	xm2p		“she quickly got off the camel”
1610	24:65	ai22	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	“So she covered her face with her veil.” This is a sign of respect and modesty towards the man she will marry. The full meaning of this can be made explicit. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1611	24:65	x2me		a piece of cloth used to cover a person’s head, shoulders and face
1612	24:67	c5ut	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	Both of these phrases mean that Isaac married Rebekah. Alternate translation: “married Rebekah” or “took her as his wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1613	24:67	h9zw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So Rebekah comforted Isaac” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1614	25:intro	ig86		Genesis 25 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 25:23. Special concepts in this chapter Polygamy Abraham married another wife. This was sinful of him. Many other Hebrew leaders came to marry multiple wives. This is known as “polygamy.” It has never been an acceptable practice. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) Inheritance In the ancient Near East, inheritance was passed on through the eldest son. Even though Esau and Jacob were twins, it is very important that Esau was born first. It was his birthright to receive his inheritance, but he foolishly gave it up. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/birthright]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter God fulfill’s his promise God begins to fulfill the promise he gave to Abraham about making his descendants numerous. Many of these children through his concubines would become large people groups. This may not be easy to understand without the remainder of the Old Testament and the history it records. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1615	25:1	cu8t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	See [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]].
1616	25:4	rx7z		This refers to the people named in verses 2-4.
1617	25:5	l5pw		“Isaac inherited all that Abraham owned.” It was normal for the father to divide his wealth when he was old and not leave that for others to do after he died.
1618	25:7	wx9m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“These were … he lived, one hundred and seventy-five years.” Abraham lived 175 years. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1619	25:8	p4ht	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	“Abraham took his last breath and died.” The phrases “breathed his last” and “died” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Abraham died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1620	25:8	ej3k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This is a polite way of saying a person died. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1621	25:8	g4ax	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Abraham lived a very long time. Alternate translation: “when he had lived a very long time and was very old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1622	25:8	yns7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Living a long life is spoken of as if life were a container that becomes full. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1623	25:8	x8xg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This means that after Abraham died, his soul went to the same place as his relatives who died before him. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he joined his family members who had already died” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1624	25:9	mwj2		Ephron owned a field in Machpelah and the cave that was in that field. Abraham bought the field from Ephron.
1625	25:9	q9gq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Machpelah was the name of an area or region. See how you translated this in Genesis 23:9. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1626	25:9	cy2d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of men. See how you translated these men’s names in Genesis 23:8. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1627	25:9	s1d5		Machpela was near Mamre.
1628	25:9	k9tk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This was another name for the city of Hebron. It may have been named after Mamre, the friend of Abraham who lived there. See how you translated this place name in Genesis 23:17. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1629	25:10	sbt9		“Abraham had bought this field”
1630	25:10	f1i4		“the descendants of Heth” or “the Hittites.” See how you translated this in Genesis 23:5.
1631	25:10	d9zw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They buried Abraham” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1632	25:11	qdt2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This name means “the well of the living one who sees me.” See how you translated this place name in Genesis 16:14. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1633	25:12	uwb2		This word is used in English to introduce a new part of the story and information about Ishmael.
1634	25:13	gn6t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	See [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]].
1635	25:16	xgd3		This can be stated as two sentences. “These were the names of Ishmael’s twelve sons. They led tribes that were named after them, and they each had their own villages and campsites”
1636	25:16	e5ag	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“12” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1637	25:16	iy7y		Here the word “princes” means that the men were leaders or rules of the tribes; it does not mean that they were the sons of a king.
1638	25:17	nem6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“These were … Ishmael, one hundred and thirty-seven years.” Ishmael lived 137 years. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1639	25:17	s1vq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The terms “breathed his last” and “died” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1640	25:17	p7dl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This means that after Ishmael died, his soul went to the same place as his relatives who died before him. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he joined his family members who had already died” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1641	25:18	q1vv		“His descendants settled”
1642	25:18	z9aa		“between Havilah and Ashhur”
1643	25:18	pk2r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Havilah was located somewhere in the Arabian Desert. See how you translated this in Genesis 2:11. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1644	25:18	ev35		“in the direction of”
1645	25:18	p8m3		Possible meanings are (1) “they did not live in peace together,” or (2) “they lived away from their other relatives.”
1646	25:19	t67i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This sentence introduces the account of Isaac’s descendants in Genesis 25:19-35:29. Alternate translation: “This is the account of the descendants of Isaac, Abraham’s son” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1647	25:20	gih8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“40 years old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1648	25:20	g4lq		“when he married Rebekah”
1649	25:20	xn63	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Bethuel was Rebekah’s father. See how you translated this name in Genesis 22:22. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1650	25:20	dft3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This was another name for the region of Mesopotamia, which about the same location as modern Iraq. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1651	25:21	wr2b		“she was unable to become pregnant”
1652	25:21	zn2s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It can be made explicit that Rebekah was pregnant with two babies at the same time: “Rebekah, his wife, became pregnant with twins” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1653	25:22	as86		“the babies inside her kept bumping against each other” or “The babies pushed against each other within her”
1654	25:22	gza2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Rebekah was pregnant with twins. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1655	25:22	u1xs		“She went and asked Yahweh about this.” It is not clear where she went. She may have gone somewhere private to pray, or she may have gone somewhere to offer a sacrifice.
1656	25:23	y9m7		“said to Rebekah”
1657	25:23	m836	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	This is poetic language. If your language has a way to indicate poetry, you could use it here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
1658	25:23	s1wf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “two nations” stands for the two children. Each child will be the father of a nation. Alternate translation: “Two nations will come from the twins within you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1659	25:23	lxl5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “two peoples” stands for the two children. Each child will be the father of a people. This can be translated with an active verb. Alternate translation: “when you give birth to these two children they will be rivals” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1660	25:23	pgz5		Possible meanings are (1) “the older son will serve the younger son” or (2) “the descendants of the older son will serve the descendants of the younger son.” If possible, translate it so that people could understand either meaning.
1661	25:24	urq6		“she was surprised to learn that there”
1662	25:25	wyy1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Possible meanings are (1) his skin was red and he had a lot of hair on his body or (2) he had a lot of red hair on his body. Alternate translation: “red and hairy like a garment made of animal hair” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1663	25:25	p7lj		Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Esau sounds like the word ‘hairy.’”
1664	25:26	u57z		“holding the back part of Esau’s foot”
1665	25:26	gls8		Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Jacob means ‘he grasps the heel.’”
1666	25:26	i7ic	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“60 years old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1667	25:27	a46v		“became good at hunting and killing animals for food”
1668	25:27	ee9p		“a peaceful man” or “a less active man”
1669	25:27	n923	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks about time as if it were a commodity that someone could spend. Alternate translation: “who remained in the tents much of the time” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1670	25:28	t4i8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	This word is used to mark a change in focus, shifting from the story to background information about Isaac and Rebekah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1671	25:28	yr46		Here the word “loved” means “favored” or “preferred.”
1672	25:28	m6rw		“because he ate the animals that Esau had hunted” or “because he enjoyed eating the wild animal meat that Esau caught”
1673	25:29	z5en		Since this is the beginning of a story about something that happened one time, some translators may want to start it with a phrase like “One day, Jacob cooked” in a similar manner to the UST.
1674	25:29	n13g		“boiled some food” or “cooked some soup.” This stew was made of boiled lentils (Genesis 25:34).
1675	25:29	ms24		“he was weak because he was very hungry” or “he was very hungry”
1676	25:30	se91		“I am weak from hunger” or “I am very hungry”
1677	25:30	x1uk		Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Edom means ‘red.’”
1678	25:31	nk7u		right as firstborn to inherit most of the father’s wealth
1679	25:32	efr4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	Esau was exaggerating to emphasize how hungry he was. Alternate translation: “I am so hungry I feel like I could die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1680	25:32	h8jv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Esau used a question to emphasize that eating was more important than a birthright. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “My inheritance is no good to me if I die of hunger!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1681	25:33	b4qn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	What Jacob wanted Esau to swear can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “First swear to me that you will sell me your birthright” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1682	25:34	v7ff	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	These are like beans, but their seeds are very small, round, and somewhat flat. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
1683	25:34	r6tg		“Esau showed that he did not value his birthright”
1684	26:intro	cwz4		Genesis 26 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Trust When things in the land were bad, Isaac did not trust in Yahweh. Instead, he ran to the safety of Egypt. Even when Abraham’s descendants did not trust in Yahweh’s faithfulness to fulfill his covenant, Yahweh remained faithful to his covenant and blessed Isaac. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/fulfill]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]]) Wells In the ancient Near East, wells were very important strategically. Therefore, they were a sign of power and a sign of God’s blessing being upon Isaac. Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter “She is my sister” Isaac was afraid the Egyptians would see him as a foreigner and upon seeing his beautiful wife, they would try to kill him. This would free Rebekah to marry someone else. Apparently, it would have been easy for them to kill a foreigner without punishment. If she was Isaac’s sister, they would have shown favor to him. This is the same thing his father, Abraham, did. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]])
1685	26:1	n54s		This word is used here to mark a new part of the story.
1686	26:1	vwi7		“there was a famine” or “there was another famine”
1687	26:1	ags3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	You can state explicitly the land to which this refers. Alternate translation: “in the land where Isaac and his family lived” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1688	26:1	a6wl		“that had happened during Abraham’s life” or “that had happened while Abraham was alive”
1689	26:2	p1xe		Yahweh begins to speak to Isaac.
1690	26:2	t4aj		“appeared to Isaac”
1691	26:2	mqf3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	It was common to speak of leaving the promised land as “going down” to another place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1692	26:3	v9hh		“for I will give all these lands to you and your descendants”
1693	26:3	ekq9		“I will do what I promised Abraham your father I would do”
1694	26:4	tu5b		Yahweh continues speaking to Isaac.
1695	26:4	y44e		“I will cause you to have very many descendants.”
1696	26:4	k6jq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	This speaks about the number of Isaac’s descendants as if they were the same as the number of stars. See how you translated this in Genesis 22:17. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1697	26:4	jm8x		This refers to everything we see above the earth, including the sun, moon, and stars.
1698	26:4	hpl9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will bless all the nations of the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1699	26:5	nr7e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	The phrases “obeyed my voice” and “kept my instructions, my commandments, my statutes, and my laws” mean basically the same thing. Alternate translation: “Abraham obeyed me and did everything I commanded him to do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
1700	26:5	brk9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “voice” stands for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “obeyed me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1701	26:6	wr4q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Only Isaac is mentioned because he is the leader of the family, but his whole family was with him. Alternate translation: “So Isaac and his family settled in Gerar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1702	26:7	rr88		Here “fear” refers to the unpleasant feeling a person has when there is a threat of harm to himself or others. “He was afraid to say”
1703	26:7	j128		“in order to take Rebekah”
1704	26:8	z63l		The word “behold” shows that what Abimelech saw surprised him. Alternate translation: “And he was surprised to see that Isaac”
1705	26:8	i16v		Possible meanings are (1) he was touching her the way a husband touches his wife or (2) he was laughing and talking with her the way a husband talks with his wife.
1706	26:9	hv6m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Abimelech probably sent someone to tell Isaac that Abimelech wanted to see him. Alternate translation: “Abimelech sent someone to bring Isaac to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1707	26:9	aeb1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Why did you say that she is your sister?” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1708	26:9	m9n4		“so he could take her”
1709	26:10	t2ul	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Abimelech used this question to scold Isaac. Alternate translation: “You should not have done this to us!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1710	26:10	s759	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	The word “lain” here is a euphemism for “had sexual relations.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1711	26:10	t1mu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks about causing someone to be guilty as if “guilt” were an object that is placed on someone. Alternate translation: “you would have caused us to be guilty of taking a man’s wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1712	26:10	l5d1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	Here “us” refers to Abimelech and his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1713	26:11	ztx1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here “touches” means to touch in a harmful way. Alternate translation: “Whoever harms this man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1714	26:11	fk2l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Abimelech may have intended to tell someone to kill anyone who might harm Isaac or Rebekah. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will put him to death” or “I will order my men to kill him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1715	26:12	tl8n		This begins a new part of the story. It changes from telling about Isaac calling Rebekah his sister, and it starts to tell about how Isaac became very rich and the Philistines were jealous of him.
1716	26:12	f6x6		“in Gerar”
1717	26:12	d294	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	This means “one hundred times as much as he planted.” It can be translated more generally as “a very large crop.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1718	26:13	i68k		“Isaac became rich” or “He became rich”
1719	26:13	p5mh		“he gained more and more until he became very wealthy”
1720	26:14	jv6c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This may also include goats. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1721	26:14	h37m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “household” stands for workers or servants. Alternate translation: “many servants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1722	26:14	f17g		“The Philistines were jealous of him”
1723	26:15	rue9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	Here this word does not mean “at this moment.” It is indicating where the action in the story begins. It can be translated with the connecting word “So” to show that this is a result of what happened in Genesis 26:12-14. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
1724	26:15	xy1c		The phrase “in the days of” stands for a person’s lifetime. Alternate translation: “when Abraham, his father, was living” or “during his father Abraham’s lifetime”
1725	26:16	f5ia	rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	Possible meanings are (1) this is another action to force Isaac and his people to leave. Alternate translation: “Then Abimelech said” or “Finally Abimelech said” or (2) Abimelech made this decision because he saw that his people were jealous and acting in a hostile way towards Isaac. Alternate translation: “Therefore Abimelech said” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
1726	26:16	e8vy		“much stronger than we are”
1727	26:17	tz3u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Only Isaac is mentioned because he is the leader, but his family and servants went with him. Alternate translation: “So Isaac and his household left” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1728	26:18	r15b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “Isaac” stands for Isaac and his servants. Alternate translation: “Isaac and his servants dug out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1729	26:18	hly9		“which Abraham’s servants had dug”
1730	26:18	c6vy		“during his father Abraham’s lifetime” or “when Abraham, his father, was living”
1731	26:18	sn3p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events	This was the reason that Isaac dug them out. Possible ways to translate this are: (1) Since this happened first, this sentence can come before the sentence about Isaac digging them out, as in the UST. or (2) This sentence can start with “Isaac did this because the Philistines had stopped them up.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
1732	26:18	jfl7		“had filled them with earth”
1733	26:19	b9ic	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This phrase refers to a natural spring they uncovered when they were digging a new well. It provided a continuous flow of fresh drinking water. Alternate translation: “fresh water” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1734	26:20	m6un		men who tended livestock
1735	26:20	ls3b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	Here “ours” refers to the herdsmen of Gerar. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
1736	26:20	nw21	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Esek means ‘quarrel’ or ‘argue.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1737	26:21	kan5		“Then Isaac’s servants dug”
1738	26:21	t12r		“the herdsmen of Gerar argued with Isaac’s herdsmen”
1739	26:21	ss3i		“so Isaac gave it”
1740	26:21	ny83	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Sitnah means ‘oppose’ or ‘accuse.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1741	26:22	gd8u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Rehoboth means ‘make room for’ or ‘empty place.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1742	26:22	kj55		Isaac was speaking about himself and his household.
1743	26:23	ct3x		Here “went up” is probably a reference to going north. Say that he departed in the most natural way for your language. Alternate translation: “Isaac left there and went to Beersheba”
1744	26:24	sq69		“will cause your descendants to increase greatly” or “will cause your descendants to be very many”
1745	26:24	j1jd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	“for my servant Abraham” or you can make the full meaning explicit. Alternate translation: “because I promised my servant Abraham that I would do this” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1746	26:25	g525	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	You can make explicit why Isaac built an altar. Alternate translation: “Isaac built an altar there to sacrifice to Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1747	26:25	pam6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	To “call on” means to pray or to worship. Here “name” stands for Yahweh. Alternate translation: “prayed to Yahweh” or “worshiped Yahweh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1748	26:26	k6ep		“went to Isaac”
1749	26:26	ls17	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1750	26:26	lca7		Possible meanings are (1) “Abimelech’s friend” or (2) “Abimelech’s advisor.”
1751	26:26	mcz9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a man. See how you translated his name in Genesis 21:22. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1752	26:28	pw9y		This refers to Abimelech, Ahuzzath, and Phicol. One of them spoke and the other two agreed with what he said. It does not mean they all spoke at the same time. Alternate translation: “one of them said”
1753	26:28	pt6d		“We know” or “We are certain”
1754	26:28	wg9d		“So we want to make a covenant”
1755	26:29	b7sa		This can also be translated as the beginning of a new sentence. “We have done only good to you”
1756	26:29	qgj3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has blessed you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1757	26:30	ur1a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Eating a meal together was a part of making a covenant with one another. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1758	26:30	wvz4		Here “them” refers to “Abimelech, Ahuzzath, and Phicol”
1759	26:30	rb7d		Here “they” refers to Isaac, Abimelech, Ahuzzath, and Phicol. Alternate translation: “they all ate”
1760	26:31	bpu3		“They awoke early”
1761	26:33	l4xz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	“So he called the well Shibah.” Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Shibah sounds like the word that means ‘oath.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1762	26:33	ymy1		Translators may add a footnote saying “Beersheba can mean either “well of the oath” or “well of seven.” (See note on Genesis 21:32)
1763	26:34	mr5x		Most of Genesis 26 was about Isaac. These verses are about his older son Esau.
1764	26:34	n2fj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“40” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
1765	26:34	f6p7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	“he married.” You can state explicitly that he married two women. Alternate translation: “he took two wives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1766	26:34	n6q3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of Esau’s wives. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1767	26:34	vpc3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1768	26:34	es97	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	“the descendant of Heth” or “a descendant of Heth.” The Hittite people were the descendants of Heth. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1769	26:35	tfu7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “they” refers to Judith and Basemath. To make someone sorrowful or miserable is spoken of as if “sorrow” were an object that a person could bring to another person. Alternate translation: “They made Isaac and Rebekah sorrowful” or “Isaac and Rebekah were miserable because of them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1770	27:intro	r9m3		Genesis 27 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 27:27-29 and in 27:39-40. Special concepts in this chapter Blessing In the ancient Near East, a father’s blessing was very important. This spoken blessing was legally binding. Jacob previously received the birthright from Esau and was guaranteed the double portion of land money that was supposed to be inherited by the older son, Esau. In this chapter, Jacob tricks Isaac into giving him Esau’s blessing. This means that he is to inherit the promises of the covenant Yahweh made with Abraham. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/birthright]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]])
1771	27:1	dk7f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks about being nearly blind as if the eyes were a lamp and the light has nearly gone out. Alternate translation: “he was nearly blind” or “he was almost blind” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1772	27:1	xl56		“I am here” or “I am listening.” See how you translated this in Genesis 22:1.
1773	27:2	chx2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The phrase “see here” adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1774	27:2	r5ug	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It is implied that Isaac knows he will die soon. Alternate translation: “I may die any day now” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1775	27:2	djk1		This refers to physical death.
1776	27:3	g526		Isaac continues giving instructions to his older son Isaac.
1777	27:3	dk3j		“your hunting equipment”
1778	27:3	q9sp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	A quiver is a case for holding arrows. Alternate translation: “your quiver of arrows” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1779	27:3	r6x1		“hunt a wild animal for me”
1780	27:4	z48e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The word “delicious” refers to something that tastes very good. Alternate translation: “Cook for me the tasty meat that I love” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1781	27:4	wt6a		In Bible times, a father would often pronounce a formal blessing on his children.
1782	27:5	xjr9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	This verse is background information for the description of the events that follow. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1783	27:5	wkc6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	This verse is background information for the description of the events that follow. The word “now” shows that the author is going to begin to talk about Rebekah and Jacob. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1784	27:5	f3na		“Rebekah heard Isaac speaking to his son Esau”
1785	27:5	wpq7		Esau was the son of both Isaac and Rebekah. The author calls Esau “his son” to emphasize that Isaac preferred Esau over Isaac.
1786	27:6	jlu7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	This verse continues the background information that begins with the words “Now Rebekah heard” in verse 5. It is background information for the description of the events that follow. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1787	27:6	fr9i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	This verse continues the background information that begins with the words “Esau went … bring it back” in verse 5. It is background information for the description of the events that follow. After Esau leaves, Rebekah speaks to Jacob because of what she has heard. “So when Esau went … bring it back, Rebekah spoke to Jacob” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1788	27:6	j6cj		Jacob was the son of both Isaac and Rebekah. The author calls Jacob “her son” here to emphasize that Rebekah preferred Jacob over Esau.
1789	27:6	yc8h		The phrase “see here” adds emphasis to what follows. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully”
1790	27:7	nl2j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	These are the words that the author introduces with the words “He said” in verse 6. This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. “He told Esau to hunt a wild animal, and to make the tasty meat that he loves. Then before he dies, your father will bless Esau in the presence of Yahweh.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
1791	27:7	chc2		“Bring me a wild animal that you hunt and kill”
1792	27:7	epu1		“cook for me the tasty meat that I love.” See how this was translated in Genesis 27:4.
1793	27:7	tq2y		“bless you before Yahweh”
1794	27:7	ei7n		“before I die”
1795	27:8	f173		Rebekah continues to speak to her younger son Jacob.
1796	27:8	y3a9		This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
1797	27:8	g188	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Rebekah said “my voice” to refer to what she was saying. Alternate translation: “obey me and do what I tell you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1798	27:9	vla2		The word “delicious” refers to something that tastes very good. See how a similar sentence was translated in Genesis 27:4.
1799	27:10	jnw9		“Then take it to your father”
1800	27:10	y1kp		“and after he eats it, he will bless you”
1801	27:10	j39b		The word “bless” refers to the formal blessing a father pronounces on his children.
1802	27:10	g1ev		“before he dies”
1803	27:11	qtd3		“I am a man with smooth skin” or “I am not hairy”
1804	27:12	t3a4		“he will think that I am a liar” or “he will know that I am deceiving him”
1805	27:12	s8h4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Being cursed or blessed is spoken of as if a curse and a blessing are objects that are placed on a person. Alternate translation: “Then because of this, he will curse me and not bless me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1806	27:13	svh3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	“let your curse be on me, my son.” Being cursed is spoken of as if the curse were on object that is placed on the person. Alternate translation: “let your father curse me instead of you, my son” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1807	27:13	yj3y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Rebekah said “my voice” to refer to what she was saying. Alternate translation: “obey what I tell you” or “obey me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1808	27:13	p12u		“bring me the young goats”
1809	27:14	fje9		The word “delicious” refers to something that tastes very good. See how a similar sentence was translated in Genesis 27:4.
1810	27:16	cd2u		The goat skins still had the hair on them.
1811	27:17	zjt6		“She gave to her son Jacob the delicious food and bread which she had prepared”
1812	27:18	ak4j		“Yes, I am listening” or “Yes, what is it?” See how you translated this in Genesis 22:1.
1813	27:19	rss2		“I have done what you told me to do”
1814	27:19	h2fq		The word “game” refers to wild animals that someone hunts and kills. See how “game” was translated in Genesis 27:3.
1815	27:20	rke8		“Jacob replied”
1816	27:20	wk6c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is an idiom meaning that God caused it to happen. Alternate translation: “helped me to succeed while hunting” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1817	27:21	jmh1		“if you are really my son Esau”
1818	27:22	zy8a		“Jacob approached Isaac his father”
1819	27:22	g574	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here Issac speaks of Jacob’s voice as representing Jacob. Alternate translation: “You sound like Jacob” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1820	27:22	yi47	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here Issac speaks of Esau’s hands as representing Esau. Alternate translation: “but your hands feel like Esau’s hands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1821	27:24	wi51	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events	Isaac asks this question before blessing his son. Alternate translation: “But first Isaac asked” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
1822	27:25	sqb8		The word “game” refers to a wild animal that people hunt and kill. See how “game” was translated in Genesis 27:7.
1823	27:25	w6sf		“Isaac drank it”
1824	27:27	tr1w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It can be made explicit that the clothes smelled like Esau’s clothes. Alternate translation: “he smelled his clothes and they smelled like Esau’s clothes, so Isaac blessed him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1825	27:27	nr5p		“Isaac smelled”
1826	27:27	e57u		“the scent”
1827	27:27	t86t		“then he blessed him.” This refers to the formal blessing a father pronounces on his children.
1828	27:27	m1kb		The word “see” is used as an emphatic figure of speech to mean “it is true.” Alternate translation: “Truly, the smell of my son”
1829	27:27	s46h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here the word “blessed” means that Yahweh has caused good things to happen to the field and it has become fruitful. Alternate translation: “that Yahweh has caused to be very productive” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1830	27:28	q1wj		This is Isaac’s blessing. He thought he was speaking to Esau, but he was speaking to Jacob.
1831	27:28	e1me	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	Here “you” is singular and refers to Jacob. But the blessing would also apply to Jacob’s descendants. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1832	27:28	v1nn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	“Dew” is drops of water that form on the plants during the night. This can be made explicit in the translation. Alternate translation: “night mist from heaven to water your crops” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1833	27:28	wst4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Having fertile land is spoken of as if the earth were fat or rich. Alternate translation: “good soil for producing crops” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1834	27:28	hlu3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	If “grain” and “wine” are unknown, this can be stated more generally. Alternate translation: “plenty of food and drink” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1835	27:29	z9hr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	Here these pronouns are singular and refer to Jacob. But the blessing also applies to Jacob’s descendants. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1836	27:29	i4ct	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “nations” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “people from all nations bow down” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1837	27:29	qa8g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	This means to bend over to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
1838	27:29	z1qi		“Become a master over your brothers”
1839	27:29	lvg1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Isaac is speaking this blessing directly to Jacob. But, it also applies to Jacob’s descendants who will rule over the descendants of Esau and the descendants of any other of Jacob’s brothers that he may have. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1840	27:29	vc3p		“your mother’s sons will bow down to you”
1841	27:29	af44	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May God curse everyone who curses you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1842	27:29	rwr2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May God bless everyone who blesses you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1843	27:30	dae7		“had just left the tent of Isaac his father”
1844	27:31	htl4		“tasty meat that I love.” See how this was translated in Genesis 27:3.
1845	27:31	jjd8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Here “your son’s” was a polite way of Esau referring to his own food he prepared. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1846	27:31	r39y		The word “game” refers to wild animals that people hunt to eat. See how “game” was translated in Genesis 27:7.
1847	27:31	p6yp		This refers to the formal blessing a father pronounces on his children.
1848	27:32	qzp4		“said to Esau”
1849	27:33	s8l1		“Isaac began to shake”
1850	27:33	vrt1		Game refers to a wild animal that people hunt and kill. See how “game” was translated in Genesis 27:7.
1851	27:34	g5y4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Esau’s anguish was similar to the taste of something bitter. Alternate translation: “he cried loudly” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1852	27:35	xrv3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This is a figure of speech meaning Jacob took what was Esau’s. Alternate translation: “I have blessed him instead of you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1853	27:36	vpk4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Esau uses a question to emphasize his anger at Jacob. Alternate translation: “Jacob is certainly the right name for my brother!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1854	27:36	rq3b		Translators may also add a footnote that says: “The name Jacob means ‘he grasps the heel.’ In the original language the name ‘Jacob’ also sounds like the word for ‘he deceives.’”
1855	27:36	s7al	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks about a birthright as if it were an object that a person could take away. Alternate translation: “What was once my birthright is now his because he tricked me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1856	27:36	d3f1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks about a blessing as if it were an object that person could take away. Alternate translation: “now he has tricked you into blessing him instead of me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1857	27:36	bej9		Esau knows that his father cannot bless him with the same things that he blessed Jacob. Esau is asking if there is anything left to say to him that Isaac did not say while blessing Jacob.
1858	27:37	z3vr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Isaac uses a question to emphasize that there is nothing else he can do. Alternate translation: “There is nothing else I can do for you!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1859	27:38	xf7q		This can be stated in positive form. “My father, do you have one more blessing for me”
1860	27:39	yu4i		“said to Esau”
1861	27:39	j4p8		“Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: the place”
1862	27:39	ykr5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This is a figure of speech referring to the earth’s fertility. Alternate translation: “far from the fertile soil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1863	27:39	xpl9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	“Dew” is drops of water that form on the plants during the night. This can be made explicit in the translation. Alternate translation: “the night mist from the sky to water your crops” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1864	27:40	vn48	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	In 27:39-40 these pronouns are singular and refer to Esau, but what Isaac says also applies to Esau’s descendants (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1865	27:40	tzg9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “sword” stands for violence. Alternate translation: “You will rob and kill people in order to get what you need to live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1866	27:40	rvk2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks about someone having a master as if the master’s control over the person were a yoke that the person had to carry. Alternate translation: “you will free yourself from his control” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1867	27:41	ajl9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “heart” stands for Esau himself. Alternate translation: “Esau said to himself” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1868	27:41	f5u3		This refers to a number of days a person grieves when a family member dies.
1869	27:42	xuy8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone told Rebekah about Esau’s plan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1870	27:42	f45j		“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
1871	27:42	n35u		“is making himself feel better”
1872	27:43	n2yn		This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
1873	27:43	h9zp		“leave here quickly and go to Laban”
1874	27:44	f6w6		“for a period of time”
1875	27:44	nuh4		“until you brother calms down”
1876	27:45	bkx2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	No longer being angry is spoken of as if the anger turns to a different direction away from the person. Alternate translation: “until he is no longer angry with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1877	27:45	s57p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Rebekah uses a question to emphasize her concern. Alternate translation: “I do not want to lose both of you in one day!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1878	27:45	b5v1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It is implied that if Esau kills Jacob, then they will execute Esau as a murderer. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1879	27:45	mt31	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This is a polite way of referring to her sons dying. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1880	27:46	z2lw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	Rebekah is exaggerating to emphasize how upset she is about the Hittite women that Esau married. Alternate translation: “I am terribly upset” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
1881	27:46	d19k		“these Hittite women” or “descendants of Heth”
1882	27:46	ujy2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The phrase “daughters of the land” means the local females. Alternate translation: “like these women who live in this land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1883	27:46	z91x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Rebekah uses a question to emphasize how upset she would be if Jacob marries a Hittite woman. Alternate translation: “My life will be awful!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1884	28:intro	t611		Genesis 28 General Notes Structure and formatting Even though Jacob tricked his father in order to receive Esau’s blessing, the chapter repeats the blessing, ensuring he inherits the blessings promised to Abraham. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) Special concepts in this chapter Jacob’s dream Jacob had a dream or received a vision. The purpose of this dream is to show that, despite Jacob’s sin, God is giving Abraham’s covenant promises to Jacob and his descendants. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) Bethel This was an important city for Abraham and his descendants. It is possible that there is some theological significance to the city of Bethel.
1885	28:1	nl2p		“Do not take”
1886	28:2	jcc6		“Go right away”
1887	28:2	ptv8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This was another name for the region of Mesopotamia, which about the same location as modern Iraq. See how this was translated in Genesis 25:20. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1888	28:2	dv3j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This refers to a person’s descendants or other relatives. Alternate translation: “family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1889	28:2	m29w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Bethuel was Rebekah’s father. See how you translated this name in Genesis 22:22. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1890	28:2	dh9y		“your grandfather”
1891	28:2	fqr7		“from the daughters”
1892	28:2	a74b		“your uncle”
1893	28:3	u2mm		Isaac continues speaking to Jacob
1894	28:3	qw5a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The word “multiply” explains how God would make Jacob “fruitful.” Alternate translation: “give you many children and descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1895	28:4	nas7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks about blessing someone as if a blessing were an object that a person can give. The abstract noun “the blessing” can be stated as “bless.” Alternate translation: “May God bless you and your descendants as he blessed Abraham” or “May God give to you and your descendants what he promised to Abraham” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
1896	28:4	eja3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God giving the land of Canaan to Jacob and his descendants is spoken of as if a child were inheriting money or possessions from his father. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1897	28:4	da2s		“the land where you have been staying”
1898	28:4	yx4w		“which God promised to Abraham”
1899	28:5	c4ky	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This was another name for the region of Mesopotamia, which about the same location as modern Iraq. See how this was translated in Genesis 25:20. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1900	28:5	ses3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Bethuel was Rebekah’s father. See how you translated this name in Genesis 22:22. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1901	28:6	b2pg		The story changes from Jacob to Esau
1902	28:6	mjy9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	This word is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Esau. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1903	28:6	ic25	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This was another name for the region of Mesopotamia, which about the same location as modern Iraq. See how this was translated in Genesis 25:20. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1904	28:6	avf6		“to take a wife for himself”
1905	28:6	epz3		“Esau also saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob”
1906	28:6	xj5i		“Do not take”
1907	28:6	sp4g		“daughters of Canaan” or “Canaanite women”
1908	28:8	gmv1		This continues the background information about Esau.
1909	28:8	h454		“Esau realized”
1910	28:8	a14e		“his father Isaac did not approve of the women of Canaan”
1911	28:8	sp9b		“daughters of Canaan” or “the Canaanite women”
1912	28:9	pn6x		“Because of that, he went”
1913	28:9	e5ya		“in addition to the wives that he already had”
1914	28:9	l4pn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of one of Ishmael’s daughters. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1915	28:9	su64	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of one of Ishmael’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1916	28:10	uh6w		The story switches back to Jacob
1917	28:11	ru38		“He came to a certain place and, because the sun had set, he decided to stay for the night”
1918	28:12	mwk8		“Jacob had a dream”
1919	28:12	z48g		“with the bottom of it touching the ground”
1920	28:12	pn7d		This refers to the place where God lives.
1921	28:13	ax75		The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
1922	28:13	wwx2		Possible meanings are (1) “Yahweh was standing at the top of the stairway” or (2) “Yahweh was standing next to Jacob”
1923	28:13	a91d		Here “father” means “ancestor.” Alternate translation: “Abraham your ancestor” or “Abraham your forefather”
1924	28:14	j413		God continues to talk to Jacob in a dream.
1925	28:14	wu5i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	God compares Jacob’s descendants to the dust of the earth to emphasize their huge number. Alternate translation: “You will have more descendants than you can count” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
1926	28:14	pyi5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “you” is singular and refers to Jacob. Here Jacob represents his descendants. Alternate translation: “your descendants will spread out to the west” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1927	28:14	fby4		This means the people will extend the borders of their land and occupy more territory.
1928	28:14	hn6s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	This phrases are used together to mean “all directions.” Alternate translation: “in all directions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1929	28:14	i1qm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “I will bless all families on the earth through you and your descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1930	28:15	yb1m		“Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: I am”
1931	28:15	n4tr		“for I will not leave you until I have done all”
1932	28:15	gr8q		“I will keep you safe” or “I will protect you”
1933	28:15	em1w		“I will bring you back to this land”
1934	28:16	t191		“woke up from his sleep”
1935	28:17	h8p1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The phrase “the gate of heaven” explains that this place is the entrance to “the house of God” and “the entrance to where God lives.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
1936	28:17	hc3f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks about the entrance to the place where God lives as if it were a literal kingdom that had a gate that someone has to open to let people in. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
1937	28:18	e2b6		This is a memorial pillar, that is, simply a large stone or boulder set up on its end.
1938	28:18	grd4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	This action symbolizes that Jacob is dedicating the pillar to God. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “poured oil on the top of it in order to dedicate the pillar to God” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1939	28:19	hv4e		Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Bethel means ‘house of God.’”
1940	28:19	u3i9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1941	28:20	bas3		Jacob begins to make a vow to Yahweh.
1942	28:20	p422		“made a vow” or “solemnly promised God”
1943	28:20	dm3m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Jacob is speaking to God in the third person. This can be stated in the second person. Alternate translation: “If you will … clothes to wear” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1944	28:20	ye9d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This stands for Jacob’s journey to find a wife and to return home. Alternate translation: “on this journey” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1945	28:20	vwl3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “bread” stands for food in general. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
1946	28:21	t1uz		The vow that began with the words “If God will … clothes to wear” in verse 20 continues here.
1947	28:21	my56	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	The vow that began with the words “If God will … clothes to wear” in verse 20 continues here. Jacob is speaking to God in the third person. This can be stated in the second person. “If you will … clothes to wear … so that I return safely … then you, Yahweh, will be the God that I will worship” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
1948	28:21	lw1z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “house” stands for Jacob’s family. Alternate translation: “to my father and the rest of my family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1949	28:22	auv9		This means that the stone will mark the place where God appeared to him and it will be a place where people can worship God. Alternate translation: “God’s house” or “God’s place”
1950	29:intro	cbq8		Genesis 29 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter records the conflict between Jacob’s wives, Rachel and Leah. This account continues into the next chapter. Special concepts in this chapter Shepherds Although the exact reasoning for the shepherds’ unwillingness to give water to the sheep is unknown, it is probable they were being lazy. The actions of these shepherds contrast Jacob’s actions. Kissing It was common in the ancient Near East for relatives to greet each other with a kiss. There was nothing sexual about this type of kissing. Marriage It was customary in the ancient Near East for a man to work for a woman’s father in order to earn the right to marry her. It is unknown how common it was for a father to have his younger daughter marry before an older daughter. It was also sinful for Jacob to marry more than one wife. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
1951	29:1	lq7q		This means the people of Paddan Aram, which is a land east of the land of Canaan.
1952	29:2	jxn8		The word “behold” marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. Your language may have a way of doing this.
1953	29:2	hn73	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	“For from that well.” This phrase marks a change from the story to background information about how the shepherds watered the flocks. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1954	29:2	lfz9		“the shepherds would water” or “those taking care of the sheep would water”
1955	29:2	e7ms	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here “mouth” is a way of referring to an opening. Alternate translation: “the opening of the well” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1956	29:4	uup8		“Jacob said to the shepherds”
1957	29:4	th3u		This is a polite way to greet a stranger.
1958	29:5	l8t8		Here “son” refers to a male descendant. Another possible meaning is “Laban the grandson of Nahor.”
1959	29:6	g1kl		“Now look! Rachel his daughter is coming with the sheep”
1960	29:7	vjn6		“the sun is still high in the sky” or “the sun is still shining brightly”
1961	29:7	wsp1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for you to gather the flocks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1962	29:7	kul5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This means to gather them together inside a fence for them to stay for the night. The full meaning of this can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1963	29:7	eea1		“let them eat grass in the field”
1964	29:8	vp42		“We have to wait to water them.” This has to do with timing, not permission.
1965	29:8	w41a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “until the other shepherds gather their flocks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1966	29:8	q2rs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here “mouth” is way of referring to an opening. Alternate translation: “from the well” or “from the opening of the well” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1967	29:8	f3hm		“then we will water the sheep”
1968	29:10	lk18		“his uncle”
1969	29:10	l4ls	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here “mouth” is a way of referring to an opening. Alternate translation: “the well” or “the opening of the well” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
1970	29:11	dr7v		In ancient Near East, it is common to greet a relative with a kiss. However, it is normally done between men. If your language has an affectionate greeting for a relative, use that. If not, use what is appropriate.
1971	29:11	bje4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Jacob weeps because he is so happy. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1972	29:12	rxl5		“related to her father”
1973	29:13	vkr1		“his nephew”
1974	29:13	g5et		“hugged him”
1975	29:13	arl7		In ancient Near East, it is common to greet a relative with a kiss. However, it is normally done between men. If your language has an affectionate greeting for a relative, use that. If not, use what is appropriate.
1976	29:13	ze3q		“then Jacob told Laban everything he told Rachel”
1977	29:14	klc2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This phrase means they are directly related. Alternate translation: “my relative” or “a member of my family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1978	29:15	i5a9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Laban uses a question to emphasize that he should pay Jacob for working for him. The question can be translated as a statement. This can also be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “It is certainly right that I should pay you for working for me even though you are my relative.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
1979	29:16	yvd6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	The word “now” is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Laban and his daughters. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1980	29:17	daa9		Possible meanings are (1) “Leah’s eyes were pretty” or (2) “Leah’s eyes were plain”
1981	29:18	jsx9		Here the word “loved” refers to a romantic attraction between a man and a woman.
1982	29:19	d6zk		“rather than give her to another man”
1983	29:20	p6uz		“but the time seemed to him to be only a few days”
1984	29:20	p7wx		“on account of the love he had for her” or “because of his love for her”
1985	29:21	nz7t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The phrase “have been completed” can be stated in active form. The statement is emphatic. Alternate translation: Give me my wife, so that I may marry her, for I have completed the length of time that I was to work for you!”Give me Rachel so that I may marry her, for I have worked seven years for you!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
1986	29:22	kln5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	“prepared a wedding feast.” Most likely Laban had others prepare the feast. Alternate translation: “had others prepare a wedding feast” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
1987	29:23	q4m4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	“who had sexual relations with her.” You may need to use other, more polite words here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1988	29:24	yic2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	Here the author gives background information about Laban giving Zilpah to Leah. Most likely he gave Zilpah to Leah before the wedding. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
1989	29:24	n874	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of Leah’s female servant. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1990	29:25	m2hu		“Jacob was surprised to see it was Leah in bed with him.” The word “behold” here shows that Jacob was surprised by what he saw.
1991	29:25	ji15	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Jacob uses a question to express his anger and surprise. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I cannot believe you did this to me!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1992	29:25	g6rs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Jacob uses these questions to express his hurt that Laban had tricked him. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I served you for seven years to marry Rachel!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
1993	29:26	gfg2		“In our family we do not give”
1994	29:27	ly1t		“Finish celebrating Leah’s bridal week”
1995	29:27	vma8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The full meaning can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “next week we will give you Rachel also” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
1996	29:28	a6qr		“And Jacob did what Laban asked, and finished celebrating Leah’s bridal week”
1997	29:29	g7yl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of Rachel’s female servant. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
1998	29:30	zix1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	“Jacob had sexual relations with Rachel.” You may need to use other, more polite words here. See how similar words are translated in Genesis 29:23. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
1999	29:30	q996		This refers to the romantic love between a man and a woman.
2000	29:31	s19a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Jacob did not love Leah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2001	29:31	lk3e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	This is an exaggeration to emphasize that Jacob loved Rachel more than Leah. Alternate translation: “loved less than Rachel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2002	29:31	t2ud	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God causing Leah to be able to become pregnant is spoken of as if God is opening her womb. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2003	29:31	snn8		“was not able to become pregnant”
2004	29:32	w9x3		“Leah became pregnant and gave birth to a son”
2005	29:32	j9j3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translators may also add a footnote that says: “The name Reuben means ‘See, a son.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2006	29:32	p4ip	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Leah was experiencing emotional pain because Jacob had rejected her. The abstract noun “affliction” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Yahweh saw that I was suffering” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2007	29:33	ff7r		“Then Leah became pregnant”
2008	29:33	jl8z		“gave birth to a son”
2009	29:33	djc1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has heard that my husband does not love me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2010	29:33	dlg9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Simeon means ‘heard.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2011	29:34	tv8t		“my husband will embrace me”
2012	29:34	q2up		“I have given birth to three sons for him”
2013	29:34	bz8c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Levi means ‘attached.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2014	29:35	x9x6		“Leah became pregnant again”
2015	29:35	acb5		“gave birth to a son”
2016	29:35	xp9g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Judah means ‘praise.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2017	30:intro	g8rn		Genesis 30 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter continues the story of the conflict between Rachel and Leah. Special concepts in this chapter Women and their children In the ancient Near East, it was important for a married woman to have many children. If a woman did not have many children, people believed it brought shame upon her. This is one of the reasons why Rachel and Leah were always jealous of each other. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/jealous]]) Speckled and spotted Speckled and spotted sheep were considered to be imperfect. Therefore, they were considered to be much less valuable than the spotless sheep. Despite Jacob’s fair offer, Laban once again tried to cheat him out of something he deserved. Jacob anticipated Laban’s cheating.
2018	30:1	b8mq		“When Rachel realized that she was unable to become preganant”
2019	30:1	ct56	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	Rachel is exaggerating to show how upset she is about not having children. Alternate translation: “I will feel completely worthless” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2020	30:1	v6l6		“Cause me to become pregnant”
2021	30:2	rs2s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jacob’s anger is spoken of as if it were a fire. Alternate translation: “Jacob was very angry with Rachel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2022	30:2	b7dm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	This is a rhetorical question that Jacob uses to scold Rachel. It can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “I am not God! I am not the one who is preventing you from having children!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2023	30:3	dh9k		“Rachel said”
2024	30:3	y5pn		“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you”
2025	30:3	rc5q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	At that time, this was an acceptable way for a barren woman to have children that would legally belong to her. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2026	30:3	u6p8		This is the name of Rachel’s female servant. See how you translated this name in Genesis 29:29.
2027	30:3	fqb3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This is a polite way of talking about sexual relations. You may need to use different words in your language. Alternate translation: “Have sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2028	30:3	jt2n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is a way of saying that the child that Bilhah gives birth to will belong to Rachel. Alternate translation: “for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2029	30:3	fu33		“and in this way she will cause me to have children”
2030	30:4	m19u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This is a polite way of talking about sexual relations. You may need to use different words in your language. Alternate translation: “Jacob had sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2031	30:5	e6rx		This is the name of Rachel’s female servant. See how you translated this name in Genesis 29:29.
2032	30:5	j1wf		“gave birth to a son for Jacob”
2033	30:6	m82y		“Rachel gave him the name”
2034	30:6	qy9x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Dan means ‘he judged.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2035	30:7	d11y		“Bilhah … became pregnant again”
2036	30:7	e4tc		“gave birth to a second son for Jacob”
2037	30:8	xbz2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The phrase “wrestlings have I wrestled” is an idiom used for emphasis. It is also a metaphor that speaks of Rachel’s attempts to have a child like her sister as if she were having a physical fight with Leah. Alternate translation: “I have had a great struggle to have children like my older sister, Leah” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2038	30:8	p9q6		“I have won” or “I have succeeded”
2039	30:8	gy77		Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Naphtali means ‘my struggle.’”
2040	30:9	n7if		“When Leah became aware that”
2041	30:9	ct6f		“she gave Zilpah, her servant, to Jacob as a wife”
2042	30:9	mw56		This is the name of Leah’s female servant. See how you translated this in Genesis 29:24.
2043	30:10	pf1k		“gave birth to a son for Jacob”
2044	30:11	ml48		“How fortunate!” or “What good luck!”
2045	30:11	hmk8		Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Gad means ‘fortunate.’”
2046	30:12	sp7h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of Leah’s female servant. See how you translated this name in Genesis 29:24. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2047	30:12	cbx9		“gave birth to a second son for Jacob”
2048	30:13	c2du		“How blessed I am!” or “How happy I am!”
2049	30:13	i9pt		“the women” or “the young women”
2050	30:13	q84q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Asher means ‘happy.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2051	30:14	k7d6		“Reuben went out”
2052	30:14	yv13	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here the phrase “in the days of” is an idiom that refers to the season or time of year. Alternate translation: “at the time of year of the wheat harvest” or “during the wheat harvest” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2053	30:14	t6zn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	This is a fruit that was said to increase fertility and the desire to sleep with one’s lover. Alternate translation: “love fruit” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
2054	30:15	uq87	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	“Do you not care … my husband?” This is a rhetorical question used to scold Rachel. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “It is bad enough … my husband.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2055	30:15	h684	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	This is a rhetorical question, used to scold Rachel. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Now you want … too!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2056	30:15	ku4g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Here “lie with” is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “Then Jacob will have sexual intercourse with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2057	30:16	y5di	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Here “come in to” is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “You must have sexual intercourse with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2058	30:16	c6r1		“for the price of my son’s mandrakes.” See how you translated “mandrake” in Genesis 30:14.
2059	30:17	k8h8		“She became pregnant”
2060	30:17	ew6t		“gave birth to a fifth son for Jacob”
2061	30:18	k9kl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God rewarding Leah is spoken of as if he were a boss paying wages to someone who works for him. Alternate translation: “God has given my due” or “God has rewarded me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2062	30:18	n1d3		Translators may also add a footnote that says: “The name Issachar means ‘there is a reward.’”
2063	30:19	u4y3		“Leah became pregnant again”
2064	30:19	i5p8		“gave birth to a sixth son for Jacob”
2065	30:20	my2k		Translators may also add a footnote that says: “The name Zebulun means ‘honor.’”
2066	30:21	glq4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of Leah’s daughter. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2067	30:22	tj2w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The phrase “call to mind” means to remember. This does not mean God forgot about Rachel. It means he considered her request. Alternate translation: “God considered Rachel and granted to her what she wanted” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2068	30:23	ql6d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God causing Rachel to no longer feel ashamed is spoken of as if “shame” were an object that person could take away from someone else. The abstract noun “shame” can be stated as “ashamed.” Alternate translation: “God has caused me to no longer feel ashamed” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2069	30:24	lyt5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translators may also add a footnote that says: “The name Joseph means ‘may he add.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2070	30:24	lif6		Rachel’s first sons were through her female servant Bilhah.
2071	30:25	a2ai		“After Rachel gave birth to Joseph”
2072	30:26	jpd7		“so I can go”
2073	30:26	n1c9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	Jacob is reminding Laban of their contract (Genesis Gen 29:27). The abstract noun “service” can be stated as “served.” Alternate translation: “you know that I have served you long enough” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2074	30:27	wnz1		“Laban said to Jacob”
2075	30:27	f6ny	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “If I have found favor with you” or “If you are pleased with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2076	30:27	hl6m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is an idiom that means that someone is approved of by someone else. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2077	30:27	f5lu		“please stay, because”
2078	30:27	ww4z		“I have discovered by my own spiritual and magical practices”
2079	30:27	nl2u		“because of you”
2080	30:28	unx9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: “Tell me how much I have to pay to keep you here” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2081	30:29	wk5n		“Jacob said to Laban”
2082	30:29	va18		“how well your livestock have done since I started taking care of them”
2083	30:30	wm8b		“your herds were small before I worked for you”
2084	30:30	cxf4		“but now your wealth has greatly increased”
2085	30:30	yq88	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	“Now when will I take care of my own family?” Jacob uses a question to emphasize that he wants to start providing for his own family. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Now I want to take care of my family!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2086	30:31	guq7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	“What can I pay you” or “What can I give you.” This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: “What can I pay you so that you stay and work for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2087	30:31	p7p2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	The connecting word “But” can be used at the beginning to show that what Jacob is about to say contrasts with what he just said. Alternate translation: “But if you will do this thing for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
2088	30:31	b25k		The phrase “this thing” refers to what Jacob will propose in verse 32.
2089	30:31	b9ys		“feed and take care of your flock”
2090	30:32	d9j2		“and remove every sheep with spots, every black sheep, and every goat with spots”
2091	30:32	nqn7		“This will be the cost of keeping me here”
2092	30:33	rd2c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	The word “integrity” means “honesty.” This speaks about integrity as if it were a person who could testify for or against another person. Alternate translation: “And later you will know if I have been honest with you or not” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2093	30:33	c2ni	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If you find any goats without spots or any sheep that are not black, you can consider them stolen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2094	30:34	uk57		“Let it be as you say” or “We will do what you have said”
2095	30:35	w5h3		“that had stripes and spots”
2096	30:35	vgj7		“that had spots”
2097	30:35	yj5c		“every goat that had some white in it”
2098	30:35	wxg5		“all the black sheep”
2099	30:35	kx5r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “hand” stands for control or care. Alternate translation: “had his sons take care of them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2100	30:37	q2ef	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	These are all trees with white wood. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
2101	30:37	i1xk		“peeled off pieces of bark so that the white wood underneath would show”
2102	30:38	m1gg		long open containers for holding water for animals to drink
2103	30:39	w5f7		“The animals of the flocks conceived” or “The animals mated”
2104	30:39	u7ap		“gave birth to babies with stripes and spots”
2105	30:40	i58f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It can be made explicit that this happened over several years. Alternate translation: “During the several years following, Jacob separated” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2106	30:40	ff1z		“look toward”
2107	30:40	y79l		“he set his flocks apart”
2108	30:41	l916	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here the flock’s “eyes” represent the sheep and emphasize what they see. Alternate translation: “so that the flock could see them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2109	30:41	s3qy		“in front of the sticks”
2110	30:42	sm36		“the weaker animals”
2111	30:42	z6j6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	“So the weaker offspring belonged to Laban, while the stronger offspring belonged to Jacob.” You can make this even more explicit. Alternate translation: “So the weaker offspring did not have stripes or spots and so belonged to Laban, while the stronger offspring did have stripes or spots and so belonged to Jacob” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2112	30:43	qp8n		“Jacob”
2113	30:43	be3r		“greatly prospered” or “became very wealthy”
2114	31:intro	zw5h		Genesis 31 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter God’s blessing When Jacob left Paddam Aram, he left very wealthy. Despite his punishment of exile from Canaan, God still blessed Jacob and his family. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) Household gods Although a few scholars believe the possession of the household gods was a sign of inheritance, this seems unlikely. It is probable that Rachel believed these idols would bring them “good luck” and would bring them great blessing. This was sinful because they were to trust in Yahweh, who already promised to bless them. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Irony Laban’s sons complained that Jacob cheated them out of their father’s possessions. It was their father who tried to cheat Jacob out of what he promised to give Jacob. Jacob treated his brother Esau in the same way. Jacob cheated Esau out of their father’s blessing.
2115	31:1	q6pl		This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story.
2116	31:1	bae1		“Jacob heard that Laban’s sons were saying”
2117	31:1	j4tu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole	Laban’s sons were exaggerating because they were angry. Alternate translation: “Everything that Jacob has taken belonged to our father” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2118	31:2	dj32	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These two sentences mean basically the same thing. The second explains the look that Jacob saw on Laban’s face. Alternate translation: “Jacob noticed that Laban was no longer pleased with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2119	31:3	dy3j		“your father Isaac and your grandfather Abraham”
2120	31:4	s242		“Jacob sent for Rachel and Leah and told them to meet him out in the field with the flocks”
2121	31:5	zwf5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences	You can start a new sentence here. Alternate translation: “He said to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-sentences]])
2122	31:5	m3hk		“I have noticed your father is no longer pleased with me”
2123	31:6	j527	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	The word “you” here refers to both Rachel and Leah. It also adds emphasis. Alternate translation: “You yourselves know that I have served your father with all my strength” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2124	31:7	z2br		“has lied to me” or “has not treated me fairly”
2125	31:7	gi9n		“what he said he would pay me”
2126	31:7	j7hr		Possible meanings are (1) physical harm or (2) to cause Jacob to suffer in any way.
2127	31:8	czw6		“The animals with spots”
2128	31:8	cah9		“the flock gave birth to”
2129	31:8	yfc5		“The animals with stripes”
2130	31:9	z1nb		“This is how God gave your father’s animals to me”
2131	31:10	ff24		Jacob continues his story to his wives Leah and Rachel.
2132	31:10	b7lk		“During the breeding season”
2133	31:10	g7hi	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “flock” represents only the female goats. Alternate translation: “mating with the female goats of the flock” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2134	31:10	bp2h		“had stripes, little spots, and big spots”
2135	31:11	sp9t		Possible meanings are (1) God himself appeared as a man or (2) one of God’s messengers appeared. Since the phrase is not well understood, it is best to simply translate it as “the angel of God,” using the normal word that you use for “angel.”
2136	31:11	t3sj		“And I answered”
2137	31:11	z5w7		“Yes, I am listening” or “Yes, what is it?” See how you translated this in Genesis 22:1.
2138	31:12	qi7z		The angel of the Lord continues to talk to Jacob (Genesis 31:10).
2139	31:12	ta2d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is a way of saying “Look up.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2140	31:12	zf86	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “flock” stands for only the female goats. Alternate translation: “that are breeding with the female goats of the flock” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2141	31:12	w88y		“have stripes and spots”
2142	31:13	c737	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	Jacob poured oil on the pillar to dedicate it to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2143	31:13	qa2q		“the land where you were born”
2144	31:14	bwh9		This does not mean they talked at the same time. It emphasizes they agreed with each other.
2145	31:14	ir9t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Rachel and Leah use a question to emphasize that there is nothing left for their father to give. Alternate translation: “There is absolutely nothing left for us to inherit from our father!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2146	31:15	sxw7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	They use a question to show their anger about how their father treats them. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Our father treats us like a foreign women instead of daughters!” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2147	31:15	y7ge	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: “He has sold us for his own gain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2148	31:15	z4i2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Laban completely using up the money that he should have given to his daughters is spoken of as if he were a wild beast that ate the money as if it were food. Alternate translation: “he completely used up our money” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2149	31:16	vbk7		“belongs to us and to our children”
2150	31:16	vi8d		Here “Now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
2151	31:16	g6k9		“do all that God has told you”
2152	31:17	vr3n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Jacob took all of his children. It only mentions the sons because they are important as his heirs. Alternate translation: “his children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2153	31:18	n4b2		“He drove all his cattle.” Here “livestock” is referring to all his domesticate animals.
2154	31:18	xzk2		“and the other herd of cattle which he took ownership of when he was in Paddan Aram”
2155	31:18	pgg7		“He went to the land of Canaan, where his father Isaac lived”
2156	31:19	ct6p		“When Laban had left to cut the wool off of his sheep”
2157	31:21	rq4h		This refers to the Euphrates River.
2158	31:21	e57v		“traveled toward”
2159	31:21	xdn1		“the mountains of Gilead” or “Mount Gilead”
2160	31:22	w2bp		It was Jewish custom to count the day of departure as day one. Alternate translation: “Two days after they had left”
2161	31:22	fsz8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone told Laban” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2162	31:22	rjd6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Only Jacob is mentioned because he is the leader of the family. It can be made explicit that his family went with him. Alternate translation: “that Jacob had fled with his wives and children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2163	31:23	v1il		“So Laban took”
2164	31:23	c1wi		“chased after Jacob”
2165	31:23	vs2j		Laban spent seven days walking to catch up to Jacob.
2166	31:23	x5mw		“He caught up to him”
2167	31:24	i4gj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	The word “now” is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Laban. Alternate translation: “That night God came to Laban in a dream” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2168	31:24	s2du	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	The phrase “good nor bad” are used together to mean “anything.” Alternate translation: “Do not say anything to try and stop Jacob from leaving” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2169	31:25	c3nf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	The word “now” is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Jacob and Laban. Alternate translation: “When Laban caught up with Jacob, Jacob had set up camp in the hill country. Then Laban and his relatives also camped in the hill country of Gilead” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2170	31:26	dg9e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Laban speaks about Jacob taking his family with him back to the land of Canaan as if Jacob took them as prisoners after a battle and is forcing them to go with him. Laban is exaggerating because he is angry and is trying to make Jacob feel guilty for what he did. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])
2171	31:27	a98f		“run away in secret”
2172	31:27	g8iz		“with joy”
2173	31:27	bg4p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	These instruments stand for music. Alternate translation: “and with music” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2174	31:27	a23y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
2175	31:28	esl3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	Here “grandsons” would include all grandchildren whether male or female. Alternate translation: “to kiss my grandchildren” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
2176	31:28	cr1s		“You have acted foolishly”
2177	31:28	y6dz		This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
2178	31:29	lza8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	The word “you” is plural and refers to everyone with Jacob. Alternate translation: “I have enough people with me to harm all of you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2179	31:29	qs6g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	The words “good nor bad” are used together to mean “anything.” See how you translated this in Genesis 31:24. Alternate translation: “Do not say anything to try and stop Jacob from leaving” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
2180	31:30	bz9g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	This “you” is singular and refers to Jacob. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
2181	31:30	f8iz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “house” stands for family. Alternate translation: “to be home with your father and the rest of your family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2182	31:30	e3jc		“my idols”
2183	31:31	qd9f		“I left in secret because I was afraid that you would take your daughters from me by force”
2184	31:32	e35z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “We will kill whoever has stolen your gods” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
2185	31:32	zh3x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	The word “our” refers to Jacob’s relatives and includes Laban’s relatives. All the relatives will watch to make sure everything is fair and honest. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2186	31:32	l4l6		“look for whatever we have that is yours and take it”
2187	31:32	mjz6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	This changes from the story to background information about Jacob. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2188	31:33	rd4w		This refers to Zilpah and Bilhah.
2189	31:33	f3n9		“he did not find his idols”
2190	31:34	s5c7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	The word “now” is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Rachel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2191	31:34	j5k2		a seat placed on the back of an animal so a person can ride on it
2192	31:35	cd8t		Calling someone “my master” is a way of honoring them.
2193	31:35	h3tw		“because I am unable to stand up in your presence”
2194	31:35	rx2l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This refers to the time of the month when a woman bleeds from her womb. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2195	31:36	ka2t		“Jacob said to Laban”
2196	31:36	wcv8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	The phrases “What is my offense” and “What is my sin” mean basically the same thing. Jacob is asking Laban to tell him what he did wrong. Alternate translation: “What have I done wrong that you should pursue me like this?” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2197	31:36	rd64	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here the word “hotly” means Laban urgently chased Jacob intending to capture him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2198	31:37	lf9u		“What have you found that belongs to you?”
2199	31:37	jgu5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	Here the word “our” refers to Jacob’s relatives and includes Laban’s relatives. Alternate translation: “Lay anything you have found in front of our relatives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2200	31:37	q8tg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	Here “two of us” refers to Jacob and Laban. The phrase “to judge between” means to decide which person is right in a dispute. Alternate translation: “they may judge between the two of us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2201	31:38	l12d		Jacob continues to speak to Laban.
2202	31:38	a2zw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“20 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2203	31:38	rum5		female sheep
2204	31:38	lk1u		This means they have not had a pregnancy end early and unexpectedly with the lamb or kid born dead.
2205	31:39	kc4z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When a wild animal killed one of your animals I did not bring it to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2206	31:39	ji5d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	For Jacob to count Laban’s dead animals as a loss from his own flock is spoken of as if it was a burden he would bear on his shoulders. Alternate translation: “Instead of counting it a loss from your flock, I counted it as a loss from my flock” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2207	31:40	tf6f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Suffering in the hot and cold temperatures is spoken of as if the temperatures were animals that were eating Jacob. Alternate translation: “I stayed with your flocks even during hottest part of the day and the coldest part of the night” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2208	31:41	gx9i		Jacob continues to speak to Laban.
2209	31:41	j81s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“These last 20 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2210	31:41	l5lt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“14 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2211	31:41	w1k8		“changed what he said he would pay me ten times.” See how you translated “my wages” in Genesis 31:7.
2212	31:42	hcc4		Jacob is referring to the same God not to three different gods. Alternate translation: “If the God of Abraham and Isaac, my father, had not been with me”
2213	31:42	fy4h		Here the word “father” refers to his parent, Isaac.
2214	31:42	v1d1		Here the word “fears” refers to the “fear of Yahweh,” which means to deeply respect him and show that respect by obeying him.
2215	31:42	tin2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This stands for having nothing. Alternate translation: “with absolutely nothing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2216	31:42	eqx1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “oppression” can be stated as “oppressed.” Alternate translation: “God has seen how hard I worked and how you oppressed me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2217	31:43	ah9n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Laban uses a question to emphasize that there is nothing he can do. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “But, there is nothing I can do to bring my daughters and grandchildren back with me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2218	31:44	pm7d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Here the word “witness” does not refer to a person, but it is used figuratively and refers to the covenant that Jacob and Laban are making. The covenant is spoken of as if it were a person who is there when they agree to act peacefully to one another. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2219	31:45	q2sh		This means that a large stone was simply set up on its end to mark the place where this important event happened.
2220	31:46	mz54		“stacked them on top of each other”
2221	31:46	c4fm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Eating a meal together was a part of making the covenant with one another. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2222	31:47	grz7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name Jegar Saha Dutha means ‘heap of witness’ in Laban’s language.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2223	31:47	tn6r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name Galeed means ‘heap of witness’ in Jacob’s language. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2224	31:48	y6zl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	The stones do not actually bear witness as a person. Alternate translation: “This pile will be a reminder between me and you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2225	31:48	f3tt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name Galeed means ‘heap of witness’ in Jacob’s language. See how you translated this in Genesis 31:47. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2226	31:49	d4iu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name Mizpah means ‘watchtower.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2227	31:49	ip35	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “out of sight” stands for no longer being in each other’s presence. Alternate translation: “when we are no longer with each other” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2228	31:50	e3ip		Here “us” refers to Laban and Jacob. Alternate translation: “even if no one else is there to see us”
2229	31:50	h365		“look” or “remember” or “pay attention to what i am about to tell you”
2230	31:52	jh98	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	These piles of stones were to act as a remembrance and a boundary marker for Jacob and Laban regarding their peace agreement. They are spoken of as if they are human witnesses. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2231	31:53	zmt6		Abraham is Jacob’s grandfather. Nahor is Laban’s grandfather. The father of Abraham and Nahor is Terah. Not all of them worshipped Yahweh.
2232	31:53	r6hl		Here the word “Fear” refers to Yahweh, who Isaac deeply respected and showed that respect by obeying him.
2233	31:54	fmy2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Eating a meal together was part of making the covenant with one another. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2234	31:55	w76k		Verse 55 is the first verse of chapter 32 in the original Hebrew text, but the last verse of chapter 31 in most modern Bibles. We suggest that you follow the numbering of Bibles in your national language.
2235	31:55	kif6		This means expressing a desire for positive and beneficial things to happen to someone.
2236	32:intro	udr3		Genesis 32 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Jacob does not trust Yahweh Jacob does not trust in Yahweh. Instead, he fears that his brother Esau could kill him and his family. He should have known that Yahweh would continue to bless him and protect his family. He should have trusted in Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]]) Name change In Scripture, a change in name always occurs at a highly significant point in a person’s life. The return of Jacob to Canaan was a significant event in the history of the Hebrew people. Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter “A man wrestled with him” Scholars are divided over the identity of the person Jacob wrestled with. It was probably an angel, but some believe he wrestled with Jesus before he came to earth. The translator will probably have difficulty trying to keep ambiguity in identifying this individual because the word “man” usually indicates a normal, living person. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2237	32:2	fr1q		Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Mahanaim means ‘two camps.’”
2238	32:3	f84p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is a mountainous area in the region of Edom. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2239	32:4	ayv1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	This has a quotation within a quotation. The direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “‘This is what I want you to tell my master Esau. Tell him that I have been … have delayed my return until now.’” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2240	32:4	n3lr		Jacob is using polite language and refers to his brother as “my master.”
2241	32:4	y932		Jacob is using polite language and refers to himself as “your servant.”
2242	32:5	ne7y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	This continues the quotation within a quotation that begins with the words “I have been” in verse 4. The direct quotation can be stated as an indirect quotation. “This is what I want you to tell my master Esau. Tell him that I have been … Tell him that I have oxen … in his eyes.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2243	32:5	vi1k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	When a person finds favor in the eyes of another, the second person approves of the first person. Here “eyes” are a metonym for the person seeing something, and seeing a person is a metaphor for deciding whether what that person sees is good or bad. Alternate translation: “that you may approve of me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2244	32:6	h954	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“400 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2245	32:7	ra4u		This refers to the unpleasant feeling a person has when there is a threat of harm to himself or others.
2246	32:7	e2dk		distressed, troubled
2247	32:8	n1e3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “camp” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “to attack the people in one camp, then the people in the other camp will escape” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2248	32:9	fdw7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This does not refer to different gods, but to the one God they all worship. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who is God of my grandfather Abraham and my father Isaac” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2249	32:9	c3nw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, you who said that I should return to my country and to my kindred, and that you would prosper me,” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2250	32:9	ah51		“to your family”
2251	32:9	v7p9		“I will do good for you” or “I will treat you well”
2252	32:10	i1jg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “loyal.” Alternate translation: “I do not deserve for you to remain faithful to your covenant or for you to be loyal to me, your servant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2253	32:10	gfq5		This is a polite way of saying “me.”
2254	32:10	ri5t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here the phrase “I have become” is an idiom meaning what he now possesses. Alternate translation: “and now I have enough people, flocks, and possessions with me to make two camps” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2255	32:11	b4a5		“save me”
2256	32:11	b2lt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “hand” refers to power. The two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second clarifies that the brother whom Jacob intended was Esau. Alternate translation: “from the power of my brother, Esau” or “from my brother, Esau” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2257	32:11	amt5		“I am afraid that he will”
2258	32:12	x5kw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “But you said that you would certainly prosper me, and that you would make my descendants … number” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2259	32:12	w429		“do good to you” or “treat you well”
2260	32:12	n5pn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	This speaks about the very large number of Jacob’s descendants as if their number will be like the grains of sand on the seashore. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2261	32:12	bc4t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “which no one can count because of their number” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2262	32:14	zj6f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“200” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2263	32:14	a35f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“20” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2264	32:15	ew39	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“30 … 40 … 10” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2265	32:15	k3iy		“their young”
2266	32:16	il9n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here “into the hand” means to give control over them. Alternate translation: “He divided them into small herds, and gave each of his servants control over one herd” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2267	32:16	hh9w		“let each herd travel at a distance from the other herds”
2268	32:17	ti5k		“He commanded”
2269	32:17	h449	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “asks you who your master is, where you are going, and who owns these animals that are ahead of you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2270	32:17	lnl5		“Who is your master?”
2271	32:17	hl31		“Who owns these animals that are in front of you?”
2272	32:18	e7wd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Then I want you to tell him that all of these things belong to Jacob, his servant, and he his giving them to his master, Esau. And tell him that Jacob is on the way to meet him” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
2273	32:18	i8qf		Jacob is referring to himself in a polite way as Esau’s servant.
2274	32:18	nk58		Jacob is referring to Esau is a polite way as his master.
2275	32:18	a5zw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	Here “us” refers to the servant speaking and the other servants bringing herds to Esau. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2276	32:19	mb2s		“commanded the second group”
2277	32:20	l71w		Possible meanings are (1) “You will say also, ‘Your servant Jacob’” or (2) “You will say, ‘Also, Your servant Jacob.’”
2278	32:20	kth9		“I will calm him down” or “I will make his anger go away”
2279	32:20	fz2r		“he will welcome me kindly”
2280	32:21	mgp1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “gifts” stands for the servants taking the gifts. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2281	32:21	bet5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns	Here “himself” emphasizes that Jacob did not go with the servants. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
2282	32:22	ak58		“his two servant wives.” This means Zilpah and Bilhah.
2283	32:22	ts8h		a shallow place in a river that is easy to cross
2284	32:22	tkp8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a river. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2285	32:23	uu6x		“all that he had”
2286	32:24	ui74		“until dawn”
2287	32:25	ugk7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The man injured Jacob’s hip as he wrestled with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2288	32:25	f6zk		the place where the upper leg bone connects to the hip
2289	32:26	wh2x		“the sun will rise soon”
2290	32:26	hd6q		Here “bless” means to pronounce a formal blessing on someone and to cause good things to happen to that person.
2291	32:26	pb6k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Absolutely not! You must bless me first, then I will let you go” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
2292	32:28	a2ft	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translators may add a footnote that says “The name Israel means ‘He struggles with God.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2293	32:28	kel8		Here “men” means “people” in general.
2294	32:29	if16	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	“He said, ‘Why would you ask about my name?’” This rhetorical question was meant to shock, rebuke and cause Jacob to ponder over what just happened between him and the other man he just wrestled with. Alternate translation: “Do not ask me for my name!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2295	32:30	m49w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name Peniel means ‘the face of God.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2296	32:30	n4r1		Being “face to face” means that two people are seeing each other in person, at a close distance.
2297	32:30	p6dk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “yet he spared my life” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2298	32:32	v4a5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	This marks a change from the story to background information about the descendants of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2299	32:32	n4af		This means to the day that the author was writing this.
2300	32:32	t93f		This refers to the muscle that connects the thigh bone to the thigh socket.
2301	32:32	l5px		“thigh socket”
2302	32:32	j363		“while striking”
2303	33:intro	tc2t		Genesis 33 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Jacob’s fear Jacob feared his brother. He showed Esau great respect and sought to protect his family from Esau’s power. He did not fear and trust Yahweh. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]]) Favoritism Jacob showed favoritism towards Rachel and Joseph. He arranged the family according to those he loved the most. Rachel and Joseph were the most protected from a potential attack by Esau. He would have rather had everyone else die, in order to spare their lives. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2304	33:1	ck16		The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to a surprising new part of the story.
2305	33:1	c4ai	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“400 men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2306	33:1	lqj5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This does not mean Jacob divided the children evenly so that each woman had the same amount of children with her. Jacob divided the children so that each one went with his or her mother. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2307	33:1	h467		“servant wives.” This refers to Bilhah and Zilpah.
2308	33:3	f927	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns	Here “himself” emphasizes that Jacob went alone in front of the others. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])
2309	33:3	prz6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	Here the word “bow” means to bend over to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2310	33:4	xq93		“meet Jacob”
2311	33:4	ptu7		This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “Esau put his arms around Jacob, hugged him, and kissed him”
2312	33:4	d91x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This can be translated more explicitly. Alternate translation: “Then Esau and Jacob cried because they were happy to see each other again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2313	33:5	bni9		“he saw the women and children who were with Jacob”
2314	33:5	n88j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	The phrase “your servant” is a polite way for Jacob to refer to himself. Alternate translation: “These are the children God has kindly given me, your servant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2315	33:6	huv5		“servant wives.” This refers to Bilhah and Zilpah.
2316	33:6	ndg7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	This is a sign of humility and respect before another person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2317	33:8	xl2u		The phrase “all these groups” refers to the groups of servants that Jacob sent to give gifts to Esau. Alternate translation: “Why did you send all of those different groups to meet me?”
2318	33:8	p6x8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The phrase “find favor” is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, sight represents judgment or evaluation. Alternate translation: “So that you, my master, would be pleased with me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2319	33:8	b54p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	The phrase “my master” is a polite way of referring to Esau. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2320	33:9	fvu3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The word “animals” or “property” is understood. Alternate translation: “I have enough animals” or “I have enough property” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2321	33:10	c8jk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The phrase “found favor” is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Here “eyes” are a metonym for sight, and sight is a metaphor representing his evaluation. Alternate translation: “if you are pleased with me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2322	33:10	g919	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “hand” refers to Jacob. Alternate translation: “this gift that I am giving to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2323	33:10	cv9s		This can be translated as a new sentence: “my hand. For certainly”
2324	33:10	qp99	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	The meaning of this simile is unclear. Possible meanings are (1) Jacob is happy that Esau has forgiven him like God has forgiven him or (2) Jacob is amazed to see his brother again like he was amazed to see God or (3) Jacob is humbled to be in Esau’s presence like he was humbled to be in God’s presence. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
2325	33:10	ni5g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “face” stands for Esau. It may be best to translate as “face” because of the importance of the word “face” here with “face of God” and “face to face” in Genesis 32:30. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2326	33:11	i3ez	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that my servants brought to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2327	33:11	c581		“God has treated me very well” or “God has blessed me very much”
2328	33:11	r6mp		It was customary to refuse a gift first, but then to accept the gift before the giver was offended.
2329	33:13	j3jv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	This is a polite and formal way of referring to Esau. Alternate translation: “You, my master, know” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2330	33:13	k72p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The meaning can be stated more explicitly. Alternate translation: “the children are too young to travel fast” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2331	33:13	lzl5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If we force them to go too fast even for one day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2332	33:14	be6w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	This is a polite and formal way of Jacob referring to himself. Alternate translation: “My lord, I am your servant. Please go ahead of me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2333	33:14	k77x		“at the speed the animals I am looking after can go”
2334	33:14	he5j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is a mountainous area in the region of Edom. See how you translated this in Genesis 32:3. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2335	33:15	e3u2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Jacob uses a question to emphasize that Esau does not need to leave men. Alternate translation: “Do not do that!” or “You do not need to do that!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2336	33:15	rl9k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	This is a polite and formal way of referring to Esau. Alternate translation: “you, my lord” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2337	33:17	k3g6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translators may also add a footnote that says, “The name Succoth means ‘shelters.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2338	33:17	k4xa	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It is implied that the house is also for his family. Alternate translation: “built a house for himself and his family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2339	33:17	ykg8		“for the animals he looked after”
2340	33:18	yt2u		This starts a new part of the story. The author describes what Jacob did after he rested in Succoth.
2341	33:18	jve3		“After Jacob left Paddan Aram”
2342	33:18	qr2k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This only mentions Jacob because he is the leader of the family. It is implied that his family was with him. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2343	33:18	rx3s		“He set up his camp near”
2344	33:19	a6wu		“piece of land”
2345	33:19	xu69	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2346	33:19	y9i5		Shechem is the name of a city and the name of a man.
2347	33:19	kh7z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“100” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2348	33:20	ps43	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name El Elohe Israel means ‘God, the God of Israel.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2349	34:intro	gv6g		Genesis 34 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Israel Jacob’s name was changed to Israel. It is his descendants who inherited the promised blessings given to him and to Isaac and Abraham. This is the first time his descendants are collectively referred to as the people group Israel. The people group Israel is identified through the covenant of circumcision. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/circumcise]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Implicit information Jacob’s reacted to the rape of Dinah with indifference. This is possibly because she was not a daughter of Rachel. His reaction was both unwise and improper. This action brought shame on the whole family. Therefore, Jacob’s sons corrected this wrong and plotted against Hamor and Shechem. Shechem raped Dinah, but then he said he loved her. By raping her, he ensured that no one else would want to marry her. This is not love. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2350	34:1	g89z		Here this word is used to mark a new part of the story.
2351	34:1	q1ki	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of Leah’s daughter. See how you translated this name in Genesis 30:21. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2352	34:2	y29n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a people group. See how you translated the similar word “Hivites” in Genesis 10:17. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2353	34:2	x58u		This is referring to Hamor not Shechem. Also, “prince” here does not mean son of a king. It means Hamor was the leader of the people in that area.
2354	34:2	hx1e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys	Possible meanings are (1) “took” and “lay with” are two separate actions. Alternate translation: “he grabbed her and had sexual relations with her” or (2) “took” and “lay with” are a hendiadys, two words used to describe one action, Alternate translation: “raped her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])
2355	34:2	mrp5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This is a polite way of speaking of sexual relations. You may have to use other words in your translation. Alternate translation: “had sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2356	34:3	d96a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	“He was very attracted to her.” This speaks about Shechem loving Dinah and wanting to be with her as if something were forcing him to come to Dinah. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “He wanted very much to be with Dinah” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2357	34:3	bz11		He tried to convince her that he loved her and that he wanted her to love him also.
2358	34:5	wy9t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	“Now” is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Jacob. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2359	34:5	k25j		The word “he” refers to Shechem.
2360	34:5	mp97		This means that Shechem had greatly dishonored and disgraced Dinah by forcing her to sleep with him.
2361	34:5	sk45	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is a way of saying that Jacob did not say or do anything about the matter. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2362	34:6	r1kg		“Hamor … went to meet Jacob”
2363	34:7	yd2w		“The men were very insulted” or “They were shocked”
2364	34:7	xe5r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here the word “Israel” refers to every member of Jacob’s family. Israel as a people group was disgraced. Alternate translation: “he had humiliated the family of Israel” or “he had brought shame on the people of Israel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2365	34:7	wki8		“having sexual relations with Jacob’s daughter”
2366	34:7	ud6t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “for he should not have done such a terrible thing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2367	34:8	ud45		“Hamor spoke with Jacob and his sons”
2368	34:8	q43r		Here the word “love” refers to romantic love between a man and a woman. Alternate translation: “loves her and wants to marry her”
2369	34:8	gx32		In some cultures, the parents decide whom their children will marry.
2370	34:9	ec6v		To intermarry is to marry a member of a different racial, social, religious or tribal group. Alternate translation: “Allow marriages between your people and ours”
2371	34:10	pv18		“the land will be available to you”
2372	34:11	x9iz		“Shechem said to Dinah’s father Jacob”
2373	34:11	gev1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The phrase “find favor” is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “If you will approve of me, then I will give you whatever you ask” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2374	34:12	w7wc		In some cultures, it is customary for a man to give money, property, cattle, and other gifts to the bride’s family at the time of marriage.
2375	34:13	h21q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “deceit” can be stated as the verb “lied.” Alternate translation: “But the sons of Jacob lied to Shechem and Hamor when they answered them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2376	34:13	uxy5		This means that Shechem had greatly dishonored and disgraced Dinah by forcing her to sleep with him. See how you translated “defiled” in Genesis 34:5.
2377	34:14	un4d		“Jacob’s sons said to Shechem and Hamor”
2378	34:14	yku7		“We cannot agree to give Dinah in marriage”
2379	34:14	c7ml	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	“for that would cause us shame.” Here “us” refers to Jacob’s sons and all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2380	34:16	w7nl		This means they will allow a person from Jacob’s family to marry a person who lives in Hamor’s land.
2381	34:18	vm37		“Hamor and his son Shechem agreed with what Jacob’s sons said”
2382	34:19	yza5		“to become circumcised”
2383	34:19	vjf5		“Jacob’s daughter Dinah”
2384	34:19	ve5w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This can be translated as a new sentence. It can be made explicit that Shechem knew the other men would agree to be circumcised because they greatly respected him. Alternate translation: “Shechem knew all the men in his father’s household would agree with him because he was the most honored among them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2385	34:20	bl5k		It was common for leaders to meet at the city gate to make official decisions.
2386	34:21	ub3p		“Jacob, his sons, and the people of Israel”
2387	34:21	gg84	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	Here “us” includes Hamor, his son and all the people they spoke with at the city gate. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2388	34:21	peg8		“let them live and trade in the land”
2389	34:21	qgk2		Shechem uses the word “really” to add emphasis to his statement. “because, certainly, the land is large enough for them” or “because, indeed, there is plenty of land for them”
2390	34:21	i8u8		This refers to marriages between the women of one group and the men of the other group. See how you translated similar phrases in Genesis 34:9.
2391	34:22	pyn5		Hamor and Shechem his son continue to talk to the city elders.
2392	34:22	g2kq		“Only if every man among us is circumcised, as the men of Israel are circumcised, will they agree to live among us and unite with us as one people”
2393	34:23	n7gu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Shechem uses a question to emphasize that Jacob’s livestock and property will belong to the people of Shechem. This can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “All of their animals and property will be ours.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2394	34:24	m2ft	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “So Hamor and Shechem had someone circumcise all the men” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2395	34:25	xfn1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	“third” is the ordinal number for three. It can be stated without the ordinal number. Alternate translation: “After two days” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2396	34:25	w2yp		“when the men of the city were still in pain”
2397	34:25	usz1		“took their swords”
2398	34:25	p39e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “city” stands for the people. Alternate translation: “they attacked the people of the city” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2399	34:25	cm25		This can be translated as a new sentence. “security. Simeon and Levi killed all the men of the city”
2400	34:27	jn2q		“the dead bodies of Hamor, Shechem, and their men”
2401	34:27	r6r4		“stole everything in the city that was valuable”
2402	34:27	dr6w		Shechem alone had defiled Dinah, but Jacob’s sons considered Shechem’s entire family and everyone in the city responsible for this act.
2403	34:27	gep2		This means that Shechem had greatly dishonored and disgraced Dinah by forcing her to sleep with him. See how you translated “defiled” in Genesis 34:5.
2404	34:28	ikb2		“Jacob’s sons took the people’s flocks”
2405	34:29	u4y1		“all their possessions and money”
2406	34:29	lb76		“They captured all their children and wives”
2407	34:30	tk7q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Causing someone to experience trouble is spoken of as if trouble were an object that is brought and placed on a person. Alternate translation: “caused great problems for me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2408	34:30	g5qj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Causing the people in the surrounding areas to hate Jacob is spoken of as if Jacob’s sons made him smell bad physically. This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “You have made me repulsive to the people who live in the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2409	34:30	di4j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here the words “I” and “me” refer to all of Jacob’s household. Jacob only says “I” or “me” since he is the leader. Alternate translation: “My household is small … against us and attack us, then they will destroy all of us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2410	34:30	f8i3		“form an army and attack me” or “form an army and attack us”
2411	34:30	pr2b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they will destroy me” or “they will destroy us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2412	34:31	l9v7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Simeon and Levi use a question to emphasize that Shechem did what was wrong and deserved to die. Alternate translation: “Shechem should not have treated our sister as if she were a prostitute!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2413	35:intro	r5b3		Genesis 35 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Name change In Scripture, a change in name always occurs at a highly significant point in a person’s life. The return of Jacob to Canaan was a significant event in the history of the Hebrew people. Covenant The covenant God made with Abraham is repeated here. It indicates that all of Jacob’s descendants will inherit the promises of this covenant. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])
2414	35:1	m48u		The phrase “go up” is used because Bethel is higher in elevation than Shechem.
2415	35:1	a7yt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	God speaks about himself in the third person. Alternate translation: “Build an altar there to me, your God” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2416	35:2	zm9p		“said to his family”
2417	35:2	s6f2		“Throw away your idols” or “Get rid of your false gods”
2418	35:2	ke2n		This was the custom of cleansing oneself morally and physically before going to worship God.
2419	35:2	p78p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	Putting on a new clothes was a sign that they had made themselves clean before approaching God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2420	35:3	uv67		“in the time of my distress” or “when I was in trouble”
2421	35:4	k9aj		“so everyone in Jacob’s household gave” or “so all of his family and servants gave”
2422	35:4	v6i9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “in their hand” stands for what they own. Alternate translation: “that were in their possession” or “that they had” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2423	35:4	q9se		“their earrings.” Possible meanings are (1) the gold in the earrings could have been used to make more idols or (2) they took these earrings from the city of Shechem after they attacked it and killed all the people. The earrings would have reminded them of their sin.
2424	35:5	kv2s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God causing the people of the cities to be afraid of Jacob and his family is spoken of as if panic were an object that fell on the cities. The abstract noun “panic” can be stated as “afraid.” Alternate translation: “God made the people in the surrounding cities afraid of Jacob and those with him” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2425	35:5	nn7z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “cities” stands for the people who live in the cities. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2426	35:5	gee5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It is implied that no one attacked anyone in Jacob’s family. But two of the sons, Simeon and Levi had attacked the Canaanites relatives of Shechem after he seized and slept with Jacob’s daughter. Jacob was afraid they would seek revenge in Genesis 34:30. Alternate translation: “Jacob’s family” or “Jacob’s household” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2427	35:6	ex8u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in Genesis 28:19. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2428	35:7	ku6t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name El Bethel means ‘God of Bethel.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2429	35:7	i3c5		“there God made himself known to Jacob”
2430	35:8	bz6e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2431	35:8	xvy6		A nurse is a woman who takes care of another woman’s child. The nurse was highly honored and important to the family.
2432	35:8	je7d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “They buried her down from Bethel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2433	35:8	v837		The phrase “down from” is used because they buried her in a place that was lower in elevation than Bethel.
2434	35:8	cv5c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name Allon Bakuth means ‘Oak tree where there is weeping.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2435	35:9	sbc1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It can be made explicit that they were in Bethel. Alternate translation: “After Jacob left Paddan Aram, and while he was in Bethel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2436	35:9	x1ha		Here “bless” means to pronounce a formal blessing on someone and to cause good things to happen to that person.
2437	35:10	z15l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but your name will no longer be Jacob” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2438	35:11	i7mm		“God said to Jacob”
2439	35:11	z2vl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	God told Jacob to produce children so that there would be many of them. The word “multiply” explains how he was to be “fruitful.” See how you translated this in Genesis 1:22. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2440	35:11	p3b2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “nation” and “nations” refer to Jacob’s descendants who will establish these nations. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2441	35:13	ev4e		Here “went up” is used because where God dwells is typically thought of as being up or above the world. Alternate translation: “God left him”
2442	35:14	b5hy		This is a memorial pillar which was simply a large stone or boulder set up on its end.
2443	35:14	epr5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	This is a sign that he is dedicating the pillar to God. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2444	35:15	j65s		Translators may also add a footnote that says “The name Bethel means ‘house of God.’”
2445	35:16	ap5k		This is another name for the town of Bethlehem.
2446	35:16	vy4h		“She was having a very difficult time giving birth to the child”
2447	35:17	x4mh		“When the labor pain was at its worst”
2448	35:17	s3cm		a person who helps a woman when she is giving birth to a child
2449	35:18	hn3n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	A “dying breath” is a person’s last breath before he or she dies. Alternate translation: “Just before she died, as she was taking her last breath” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2450	35:18	dty6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translator may add a footnote that says “The name Ben-Oni means ‘son of my sorrow.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2451	35:18	d44e		Translator may add a footnote that says “The name Benjamin means ‘son of the right hand.’” The phrase “right hand” indicates a place of special favor.
2452	35:19	v664	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they buried her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2453	35:19	cj7f		“alongside the road”
2454	35:20	n32v		“It marks Rachel’s grave still to this day”
2455	35:20	lj22		“up to the present time.” This means to the time that the author was writing this.
2456	35:21	iq45	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It is implied that Israel’s family and servants are with him. The full meaning of this information can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2457	35:22	s2bs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “had sexual relations with” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2458	35:22	w9fr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of Rachel’s female servant. See how you translated this name in Genesis 29:29. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2459	35:22	m9qr		This sentence begins a new paragraph, which continues into the following verses.
2460	35:22	lv7q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“12 sons” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2461	35:25	vbv7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of Rachel’s female servant. See how you translated this name in Genesis 29:29. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2462	35:26	bk2l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of Leah’s female servant. See how you translated this name in Genesis 29:24. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2463	35:26	tc13	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It is implied that this does not include Benjamin who was born in the land of Canaan near Bethlehem. It only mentions Paddan Aram since that is where most of them were born. The full meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “who were born to him in Paddan Aram, except Benjamin who was born in the land of Canaan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2464	35:27	f44e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	Here “came” can be stated as “went.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
2465	35:27	a58a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This was another name for the city of Hebron. It may have been named after Mamre, the friend of Abraham who lived there. See how you translated this in Genesis 13:18. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2466	35:27	bc7q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in Genesis 23:2. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2467	35:28	x251	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“180 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2468	35:29	rk3c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	“Isaac took his last breath and died.” The phrases “breathed his last” and “died” mean basically the same thing. See how you translated a similar phrase in Genesis 25:8. Alternate translation: “Isaac died” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2469	35:29	p3ct	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This is a polite way of saying a person died. See how you translated this in Genesis 25:8. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2470	35:29	fpy4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This means that after Isaac died, his soul went to the same place as his relatives who died before him. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he joined his family members who had already died” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2471	35:29	bxx8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The phrases “old man” and “full of days” mean basically the same thing. They emphasize that Isaac lived a very long time. Alternate translation: “after he had lived a very long time and was very old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2472	36:intro	st7p		Genesis 36 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Esau’s descendants Esau’s descendants became known as the Edomite people group. They also become a great nation. This nation is prominent in the rest of the Old Testament. God graciously blessed Esau and he had many descendants. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
2473	36:1	zj65	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	“These are the descendants of Esau, who is also called Edom.” This sentence introduces the account of Esau’s descendants in Genesis 36:1-8. Alternate translation: “This is an account of the descendants of Esau, who is also called Edom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2474	36:2	ac64	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of Esau’s wives. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2475	36:2	hna3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	“Elon the descendant of Heth” or “Elon a descendant of Heth.” This is the name of a man. See how you translate this in Genesis 26:34. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2476	36:2	s9ni	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2477	36:2	hd6t		This refers to a larger group of people. See how you translated it in Genesis 10:17.
2478	36:3	g86y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	a man’s name (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2479	36:3	k2u1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of one of Esau’s wives. See how you translated this in Genesis 26:34. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2480	36:3	n8tf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of one of Ishmael’s sons. See how you translated this in Genesis 28:9. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2481	36:4	w5z8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of Esau’s wives. See how you translated these in Genesis 36:2-3. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2482	36:4	s7t4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of Esau’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2483	36:5	rp9l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of Esau’s wives. See how you translated these in Genesis 36:2. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2484	36:5	m5u2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of Esau’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2485	36:6	k2ey	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This refers to all of the things that he had accumulated while living in the land of Canaan. Alternate translation: “which he had accumulated while living in the land of Canaan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2486	36:6	u7vt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This means to moved to another place and live there. Alternate translation: “went to live in another land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2487	36:7	y3im		“Esau’s and Jacob’s possessions”
2488	36:7	kr6m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The land was not large enough to support all of the livestock that Jacob and Esau owned. Alternate translation: “was not big enough to support all of their livestock” or “was not big enough for both Esau’s flocks and Jacob’s flocks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2489	36:7	ui47	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The word “settled” means to move somewhere and live there. Alternate translation: “where they had moved to” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2490	36:9	yd4a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This sentence introduces the account of Esau’s descendants in Genesis 36:9-43. Alternate translation: “This is an account of the descendants of Esau” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2491	36:9	vme3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This means that they lived in the hill country of Seir. The full meaning of this may be made explicit. Alternate translation: “who lived in the hill country of Seir” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2492	36:10	kf9d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of Esau’s sons. See how you translated these names in Genesis 36:4. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2493	36:10	b61h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of Esau’s wives. See how you translated these names in Genesis 36:2-3. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2494	36:11	uw62	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of the sons of Eliphaz. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2495	36:12	q2xy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	a son of Eliphaz (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2496	36:12	c8w1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of Eliphaz’s concubine. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2497	36:13	qe6l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a son of Esau. See how you translated this name in Genesis 36:4. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2498	36:13	eka4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of Reuel’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2499	36:13	tv77	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a wife of Esau. See how you translated this in Genesis 36:3. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2500	36:14	n41e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a wife of Esau. See how you translated these in Genesis 36:2. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2501	36:14	sz5g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2502	36:14	u6hp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of Esau’s sons. See how you translated these names in Genesis 36:5. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2503	36:15	zg7m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of one of Esau’s sons. See how you translated his name in Genesis 36:4. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2504	36:15	lut6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of Eliphaz’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2505	36:16	zr8u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of Eliphaz’s sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2506	36:16	j4yq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of one of Esau’s wives. See how you translated her name in Genesis 36:2. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2507	36:17	ts2e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a son of Esau. See how you translated this name in Genesis 36:4. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2508	36:17	uk29	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of Reuel’s sons. See how you translated these names in Genesis 36:13. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2509	36:17	h6as	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This means that they lived in the land of Edom. Alternate translation: “who lived in the land of Edom” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2510	36:17	pn88	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a wife of Esau. See how you translated these names in Genesis 36:3. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2511	36:18	bz8x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a wife of Esau. See how you translated this name in Genesis 36:2. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2512	36:18	lpz9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of Esau’s sons. See how you translated these names in Genesis 36:5. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2513	36:18	bs35	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This the name of a man. See how you translated this name in Genesis 36:2. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2514	36:20	nf56		The word “Seir” is the name of a man and of a country.
2515	36:20	pj69		The word “Horite” refers to a people group. See how you translated it in Genesis 14:6.
2516	36:20	lrw4		“who lived in the land of Seir, which is also called Edom”
2517	36:20	e8fa	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2518	36:21	g54a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2519	36:22	ui8e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2520	36:22	r36g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2521	36:23	c6jr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of man. See how you translated this name in Genesis 36:20. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2522	36:23	smz3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2523	36:24	zng8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in Genesis 36:20. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2524	36:24	l94x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2525	36:25	t8gx		These are names of men. See how you translated “Anah” in Genesis 36:20.
2526	36:25	esu6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2527	36:26	tb3r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of men. See how you translated “Dishon” in Genesis 36:21. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2528	36:27	w3mp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of men. See how you translated “Ezer” in Genesis 36:20-21. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2529	36:28	u49l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of men. See how you translated “Dishan” in Genesis 36:21. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2530	36:29	fkl1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a people group. See how you translated this in Genesis 14:6. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2531	36:29	g2zx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of men. See how you translated these names in Genesis 36:20. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2532	36:30	cp7f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of men. See how you translated these names in Genesis 36:21. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2533	36:30	yki3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This means that they lived in the land of Seir. Alternate translation: “of those who lived in the land of Seir” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2534	36:32	v99w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2535	36:32	h4lb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This means that this was the city where he lived. Alternate translation: “the name of the city where he lived” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2536	36:32	e1xl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2537	36:33	sr5r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2538	36:33	cuf9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2539	36:34	d4sk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in Genesis 36:33. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2540	36:34	ne5s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2541	36:34	l23l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This means that Husham lived in the land of the Temanites. Alternate translation: “Husham who lived in the land of the Temanites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2542	36:34	b498	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	descendants of a man named Teman (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2543	36:35	ct4x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2544	36:35	ar3g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This means that this was the city where he lived. Alternate translation: “The name of the city where he lived” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2545	36:35	i9ul	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2546	36:36	en7h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2547	36:36	f4j5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	“Samlah from Masrekah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2548	36:36	rd2a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2549	36:37	b1jl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in Genesis 36:36. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2550	36:37	hji7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Shaul lived in Rehoboth. Rehoboth was by the Euphrates river. This information may be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “then Shaul reigned in his place. He was from Rehoboth which is by the Euphrates River” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2551	36:37	c5xx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2552	36:37	d42q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2553	36:38	c5rd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2554	36:39	jf15	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2555	36:39	kk3p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This means that this was the city where he lived. Alternate translation: “The name of the city where he lived” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2556	36:39	sz99	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of places. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2557	36:39	vn2x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2558	36:39	f6vx		“she was the daughter of Matred, and the granddaughter of Me Zahab”
2559	36:40	bim6		“the leaders of the clans”
2560	36:40	n8cf	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The clans and the regions were named after the heads of the clans. Alternate translation: “the names of their clans and the regions where they lived were named after them. These are their names” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2561	36:40	yu9e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2562	36:41	q8em	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2563	36:42	f4dx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2564	36:43	bjb8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of people groups. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2565	36:43	f84q		“their dwelling places” or “the places they lived”
2566	36:43	zc7w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This list is said “to be” Esau, which means that it is the whole list of his descendants. Alternate translation: “This is the list of the descendants of Esau” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2567	37:intro	s17y		Genesis 37 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter begins to record the account of Jacob’s sons. The rest of the book of Genesis focuses on Jacob’s sons, especially Joseph. This chapter also references Jacob as “Israel” beginning in this chapter. Special concepts in this chapter Favoritism Jacob’s favoritism became a great problem for his sons. They are always jealous of Joseph because he is the favorite son. The beautiful garment Jacob gave to Joseph greatly strained the relationship between Joseph and his brothers. Joseph dreams he will rule all of his brothers, even though he is not the oldest son. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]]) God’s power The account of Joseph focuses on the power of God. God is able to protect his people despite the evil actions of some. He also is able to continue to bless them despite their circumstances. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])
2568	37:1	y34b		“in the land of Canaan where his father had lived”
2569	37:2	gx4z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	This sentence introduces the account of Jacob’s children in Genesis 37:1-50:26. Here “Jacob” refers to his whole family. Alternate translation: “This is the account of Jacob’s family” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2570	37:2	h2a4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“17 years old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2571	37:2	kg73	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of Rachel’s female servant. See how you translated this name in Genesis 29:29. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2572	37:2	g6zc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of Leah’s female servant. See how you translated this name in Genesis 29:24. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2573	37:2	gp4s		These women were servants of Leah and Rachel whom they had given to Jacob to produce children.
2574	37:2	fj2x		“a bad report about his brothers”
2575	37:3	in67	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	This word is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Israel and Joseph. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2576	37:3	hu4a		This refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. This is natural human love between friends or relatives.
2577	37:3	fd1u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This means that Joseph was born when Israel was an old man. Alternate translation: “who was born when Israel was an old man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2578	37:3	n9xs		“Israel made Joseph”
2579	37:3	m9ni		“a beautiful robe”
2580	37:4	ua1k		“could not speak in a courteous manner to him”
2581	37:5	z7xa		This is a summary of the events that will happen in 37:6-11.
2582	37:5	req1		“And Joseph’s brothers hated him even more than they hated him before”
2583	37:6	c6ln		“Please listen to this dream that I had”
2584	37:7	hu4k		Joseph tells his brothers about his dream.
2585	37:7	zk8j		The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
2586	37:7	v7ub	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	The word “we” refers to Joseph and includes all of his brothers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2587	37:7	lp7e		When grain is reaped it is tied into bundles and stacked until it is time to separate the grain from the straw.
2588	37:7	p45z		Here the word “behold” here shows that Joseph was surprised by what he saw.
2589	37:7	yu7f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification	Here the bundles of grain are standing and kneeling as if they were people. These bundle represent Joseph and his brothers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])
2590	37:8	yak9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Both of these phrases mean basically the same thing. Joseph’s brothers are using questions to mock Joseph. They can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “You will never be our king, and we will never bow down to you!” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2591	37:8	pjm9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	The word “us” refers to Joseph’s brothers but not Joseph. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2592	37:8	gtl3		“because of his dreams and what he said”
2593	37:9	kyz2		“Joseph had another dream”
2594	37:9	tzi7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“11 stars” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2595	37:10	fqz5		“Israel scolded him, saying”
2596	37:10	c1l9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Israel uses questions to correct Joseph. This can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “This dream you had is not real. Your mother, brothers, and I will not bow down before you!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2597	37:11	r99i		This means being angry because someone else is successful or more popular.
2598	37:11	ml87	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The means that he kept thinking about the meaning of Joseph’s dream. Alternate translation: “kept thinking about what the dream might mean” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2599	37:13	is7f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Israel uses a question to begin a conversation. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “You brothers are tending the flock in Shechem.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2600	37:13	mkc7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Here it is implied that Israel is asking Joseph to prepare himself to leave and go see his brothers. Alternate translation: “Get ready” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2601	37:13	py59	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	He is ready to leave. “I am ready to go” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2602	37:14	qey4		“Israel said to Joseph”
2603	37:14	w1ct	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Israel wants Joseph to come back and tell him about how his brother and flocks are doing. Alternate translation: “come tell me what you find out” or “give me a report” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2604	37:14	lr5e		“from the Valley”
2605	37:15	un9m		“A certain man found Joseph wandering in a field”
2606	37:15	d2cb		This marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. It may involve different people than the previous events. Your language may have a way of doing this.
2607	37:15	s9np		“What are you looking for?”
2608	37:16	a4w2		“Please tell me where”
2609	37:16	w68c		“shepherding their flock”
2610	37:17	kti6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a place that is about 22 kilometers from Shechem. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2611	37:18	b5ik		“Joseph’s brothers saw him while he was far away”
2612	37:18	j6pl		“they made plans to kill him”
2613	37:19	e925		“here comes the one who has the dreams”
2614	37:20	gv2f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This wording shows that the brothers acted upon their plans. Alternate translation: “So now” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2615	37:20	q5ub		“dangerous animal” or “ferocious animal”
2616	37:20	tf98		to eagerly have eaten
2617	37:20	f645	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony	His brothers planned to kill him, therefore it is ironic that they would speak of his dream coming true, since he would be dead. Alternate translation: “That way we will make sure his dreams do not come true” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])
2618	37:21	hcd3		“heard what they were saying”
2619	37:21	h7vp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The phrase “their hand” refers to the brothers’ plan to kill him. Alternate translation: “from them” or “from their plans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2620	37:21	tgx9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	The phrase “take his life” is a euphemism for killing someone. Alternate translation: “Let us not kill Joseph” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2621	37:22	ia68	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	The negation can be placed on the verb. Also, “shedding blood” is a euphemism for killing someone. Alternate translation: “Do not spill any blood” or “Do not kill him” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2622	37:22	pp4s		This can be translated as a new sentence: “Rueben said this so that he might rescue Joseph”
2623	37:22	w33s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The phrase “their hand” refers to the brothers’ plan to kill him. Alternate translation: “from them” or “from their plans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2624	37:22	qi79		“and return him”
2625	37:23	avb4		This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
2626	37:23	hk1a		“they tore his beautiful garment off of him”
2627	37:23	r88s		“beautiful robe.” See how you translated this in Genesis 37:3.
2628	37:25	z1zh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	“Bread” represents food in general. Alternate translation: “They sat down to eat food” or “Joseph’s brothers sat down to eat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2629	37:25	u8ky	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here looking up is spoken of as if a person literally lifted up his eyes. Also, the word “behold” is used here to draw the reader’s attention to what the men saw. Alternate translation: “They looked up and they suddenly saw a caravan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2630	37:25	vw51		carrying
2631	37:25	ry7t		seasonings
2632	37:25	c9x3		an oily substance with a sweet smell used for healing and protecting skin. “medicine”
2633	37:25	c48b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	“bringing them down to Egypt.” This can be made more explicit. Alternate translation: “bringing them down to Egypt to sell them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2634	37:26	jqq1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “We do not gain a profit by killing our brother and covering up his blood” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2635	37:26	t3nl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This is a figure of speech referring to hiding Joseph’s death. Alternate translation: “hide his murder” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2636	37:27	z5vv		“to these men who are descendants of Ishmael”
2637	37:27	drn8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This means not to harm or injure him. Alternate translation: “not hurt him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2638	37:27	x3zy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “flesh” is a metonym that stands for a relative. Alternate translation: “he is our blood relative” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2639	37:27	ih6w		“Judah’s brothers listened to him” or “Judah’s brothers agreed with him”
2640	37:28	fs89		Both names refer to the same group of traders that Joseph’s brothers meet.
2641	37:28	plq1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“for the price of 20 pieces of silver” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2642	37:28	sty7		“took Joseph to Egypt”
2643	37:29	u33n		“Reuben returned to the pit, and was surprised to see that Joseph was not there.” The word “behold” here shows that Reuben was surprised to find out Joseph was gone.
2644	37:29	q2rx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This is an act of deep distress and grief. This can be written more clearly. Alternate translation: “He was so grieved that he tore his clothes” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2645	37:30	rz5i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Reuben uses questions for emphasis the problem that Joseph was missing. These can be written as statements. Alternate translation: “The boy is gone! I cannot go back home now!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2646	37:31	mg6n		This refers to the beautiful garment that his father made for him.
2647	37:31	v9ds		“the goat’s blood”
2648	37:32	uw8d		“they brought the garment”
2649	37:33	jk1r		“has eaten him”
2650	37:33	i3f2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Jacob thinks that a wild animal has torn Joseph’s body apart. Alternate translation: “It has certainly torn Joseph to pieces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2651	37:34	br9g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This is an act of deep distress and grief. This can be written more clearly. Alternate translation: “Jacob was so grieved that he tore his garments” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2652	37:34	x4zj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Here “loins” refers to the middle part of the body or the waist. Alternate translation: “put on sackcloth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2653	37:35	rd4c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here the childrens’ coming to their father is spoke of as “rising up.” Alternate translation: “came to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2654	37:35	inp9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “but he would not let them comfort him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2655	37:35	qls4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The means that he be mourning from now until when he dies. Alternate translation: “Indeed when I die and go down to Sheol I will still be mourning” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2656	37:36	p1k8		“The Midianites sold Joseph”
2657	37:36	zpi7		“the leader of the soldiers who guarded the king”
2658	38:intro	m9uv		Genesis 38 General Notes Structure and formatting This chapter focuses on Jacob’s son Judah. Special concepts in this chapter “Spilling his seed” Onan was to provide for his brother’s widow and give her an heir. This phrase indicates that he used Tamar to fulfill his own sexual desires rather than help her. This was sinful. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]) God preserves Judah’s line The Canaanite woman, Tamar, deceived her father-in-law, Judah, into having sexual relations with her. If it had not been for this act, Judah would not have any descendants to carry on his family line. Although her actions were wrong, God used them to protect his people. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])
2659	38:1	d341	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	This introduces a new part of the story that focuses on Judah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
2660	38:1	mm6t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Hirah is the name of a man who lived in the village of Adullam. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2661	38:2	g2ep	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Shua is a Canaanite woman who married Judah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2662	38:2	ri4x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “he had sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2663	38:3	tdy5		“Judah’s wife became pregnant”
2664	38:3	b2qs	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “His father named him Er” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2665	38:3	uw47	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Judah’s son (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2666	38:4	j52v		“named him”
2667	38:4	d5vx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Judah’s son (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2668	38:5	qtm2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Judah’s son (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2669	38:5	q8z9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2670	38:6	yph1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of one of Judah’s sons. See how you translated this name in Genesis 38:3. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2671	38:7	dn6g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The phrase “in the sight” refers to Yahweh seeing Er’s wickedness. Alternate translation: “was wicked and Yahweh saw it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2672	38:7	i5dq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Yahweh killed him because he was wicked. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “So Yahweh killed him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2673	38:8	tk66	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of one of Judah’s sons. See how you translated this name in Genesis 38:4. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2674	38:8	kks8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “Have sexual relations with your brother’s wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2675	38:8	a6ev		This refers to a custom that when the oldest brother dies before he and his wife have a son, the next oldest brother would marry and have sexual relations with the widow. When the widow gave birth to the first son, that son was considered the son of the oldest brother and he would receive the oldest brother’s inheritance.
2676	38:9	h2uc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “he had sexual relations with” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2677	38:10	d3ql	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The phrase “in the sight” refers to Yahweh seeing Onan’s wickedness. Alternate translation: “was evil and Yahweh saw it” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2678	38:10	pa7a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Yahweh killed him because what he did was evil. This can be made clear. Alternate translation: “So Yahweh killed him also” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2679	38:11	w812		“his oldest son’s wife”
2680	38:11	tu93	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This means her to live in here father’s house. Alternate translation: “and live in your father’s house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2681	38:11	xx8w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Judah intends for Tamar to marry Shelah when he grows up. Alternate translation: “and when Shelah, my son, grows up, he can marry you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2682	38:11	e1y2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of one of Judah’s sons. See how you translated this name in Genesis 38:5. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2683	38:11	ib5z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Judah feared that if Shelah married Tamar he would also die like his brothers did. Alternate translation: “For he feared, ‘If he marries her he may also die like his brothers did” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2684	38:12	fpu9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a man. See how you translated this name in Genesis 38:2. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2685	38:12	ws3g		“When Judah was no longer grieving, he”
2686	38:12	f28q		“Timnah, where his men were shearing sheep”
2687	38:12	cx57	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2688	38:12	gmi5		“His friend Hiram, from Adullam, went with him”
2689	38:12	ep2s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	“Hiram” is the name of a man, and “Adullam” is the name of a village where he lived. See how you translated this name in Genesis 38:1. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2690	38:13	pf3r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone told Tamar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2691	38:13	g6yw		“Listen.” Here the word “look” is used to get Tamar attention.
2692	38:13	dt3t		“your husband’s father”
2693	38:14	z7kx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2694	38:14	l825		“that widows wear”
2695	38:14	z8wu		a very thin material used to cover a woman’s head and face
2696	38:14	w9p6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This means that she hid herself with her clothing so that people would not recognize her. Traditionally, part of women’s clothing were large pieces of cloth they wrapped themselves with. Alternate translation: “wrapped herself in her clothing so that people would not recognize her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2697	38:14	i1it		“along the road” or “on the way”
2698	38:14	ph6r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Judah had not given her to Shelah as a wife” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2699	38:15	wl6g		The word “her” here refers to Tamar, but your reader should understand that Judah did not know that the woman he was looking at was Tamar.
2700	38:15	y8kx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Judah did not think she was a prostitute just because her face was covered but also because she was sitting in the gate. Alternate translation: “because she had covered her head and sat where prostitutes often sat” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2701	38:16	i3uh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Tamar was sitting by the road. Alternate translation: “He went to where she was sitting by the road” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2702	38:16	q479		“Come with me, please” or “Come now, please”
2703	38:17	rjw2		“from my flock of goats”
2704	38:18	dv74		A “seal” is similar to a coin with a design engraved on it, used to imprint melted wax. The “cord” was put through the seal so the owner could wear it around his neck. A staff was long wooden stick that helped in walking over rough ground.
2705	38:18	tz55	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “he had sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2706	38:18	e1lh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “he caused her to become pregnant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2707	38:19	t44a		This was a very thin material used to cover a woman’s head and face. See how you translated these in Genesis 38:14.
2708	38:19	df5s		“clothing that widows wear.” See how you translated these in Genesis 38:14.
2709	38:20	ck76	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	a person who lives in the village of Adullam. See how you translated this in Genesis 38:1. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2710	38:20	c471	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “take back the pledge”(See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2711	38:20	gj77	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “hand” emphasizes that they were in here possession. The woman’s hand refers to the woman. Alternate translation: “from the woman” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2712	38:21	yd96	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	a person who lives in the village of Adullam. See how you translated this in Genesis 38:1. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2713	38:21	f9j4		“some of the men who lived there”
2714	38:21	wg3u		“prostitute who serves in the temple”
2715	38:21	tr6j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in Genesis 38:14. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2716	38:23	wmj7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	When people found out what had happened they would ridicule Judah and laugh at him. This can be made clear and stated in active form. Alternate translation: “or else people will laugh at us when they find out what happened” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2717	38:24	n17v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
2718	38:24	v2xa	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “someone told Judah” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2719	38:24	ps9t		“Tamar, your oldest son’s wife”
2720	38:24	cli3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	Here the word “it” refers to the “prostitution” that she committed. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “it has made her pregnant” or “she is pregnant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2721	38:24	gs86		“Bring her out”
2722	38:24	u7ku	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “we will burn her to death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2723	38:25	b976	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When they brought her out” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2724	38:25	h9p8		“her husband’s father”
2725	38:25	sd68		A “seal” is similar to a coin with a design engraved on it, used to make an impression in melted wax. The “cord” was put through the seal so the owner could wear it around his neck. A staff was long wooden stick that helped in walking over rough ground. See how you translated this in Genesis 38:18.
2726	38:26	r4f3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of one of Judah’s sons. See how you translated this name in Genesis 38:5. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2727	38:26	fdr5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “did not have sexual relations with her again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2728	38:27	i46v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
2729	38:27	aqm9		The word “behold” alerts us to the surprise that Tamar was carrying twins, which was previously unknown.
2730	38:28	p9yq		This phrase “It came about” marks an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
2731	38:28	xui1		“one of the babies put out his hand”
2732	38:28	l4m5		This is a person who helps a woman when she is giving birth to a child. See how you translated this in Genesis 35:17.
2733	38:28	qm8p		“bright red thread”
2734	38:28	hph2		“around his wrist”
2735	38:29	ciu7		The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
2736	38:29	ra5t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This shows the midwife’s surprise to seeing the second baby come out first. Alternate translation: “So this is how you break your way out first!” or “You have burst out first!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2737	38:29	n6hp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “she named him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2738	38:29	d8yk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a boy. Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name Perez means ‘breaking out.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2739	38:30	zzy9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a boy. Translators may add a footnote that says: “The name Zerah means ‘scarlet or bright red.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2740	39:intro	a8n6		Genesis 39 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter God’s power The account of Joseph focuses on the power of God. God is able to protect his people despite the evil actions of some. He also is able to continue to bless them despite their circumstances. This is a sign of Yahweh’s covenant faithfulness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sign]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]]) Joseph’s character Genesis just recorded a period of time where Joseph’s ancestors and brothers struggled with sin. Joseph’s character in this chapter is upright. He chose to do what was right, even when it could cause him harm. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])
2741	39:1	e2vg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Travelling to Egypt is always considered as going “down” in contrast to going “up” to the promised land. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Ishmaelites had taken Joseph to Egypt” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2742	39:2	f9fl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This means that Yahweh helped Joseph and was always with him. Alternate translation: “Yahweh guided Joseph and helped him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2743	39:2	fn2m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here the author speaks of working in the master’s house as if it were living in the master’s house. Only the most trusted servants were permitted to work in their master’s house. AT : “he worked in the house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2744	39:2	j4w7		Joseph was now Potiphar’s slave.
2745	39:3	xvx7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This means that the master saw how Yahweh was helping Joseph. Alternate translation: “His master saw that Yahweh was helping him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2746	39:3	jq22		“Yahweh caused everything that Joseph did to prosper”
2747	39:4	hd1r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	“To find favor” means to be approved by someone. The idiom “in his sight” refers to a person’s opinion. Possible meanings are (1) Alternate translation: “Potiphar was pleased with Joseph” or (2) Alternate translation: “Yahweh was pleased with Joseph” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2748	39:4	wv9x		This means that he was Potiphar’s personal servant.
2749	39:4	ld27		“Potiphar put Joseph in charge of his household and everything that belonged to Potiphar”
2750	39:4	t3u1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	When something is “put under someone’s care,” it means that the person is responsible for its care and safe-keeping. Alternate translation: “he had Joseph care for” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2751	39:5	nr78		You may need to use the words “Joseph” and “the Egyptian” before using pronouns to refer to them. “The Egyptian made Joseph manager over his house and over everything he possessed, and it came about from the time that Yahweh blessed the Egyptian’s house because of Joseph”
2752	39:5	ys1h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	This phrase is used here to tell the reader that these two verses are background information for the next event. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2753	39:5	vv9x		“Potiphar put Joseph in charge of his household and everything that belonged to him”
2754	39:5	f9hu		Here “blessed” means to cause good and beneficial things to happen to the person or thing that is being blessed.
2755	39:5	c9t1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here the author speaks of the blessing that Yahweh gave as if it were a physical covering put over something. Alternate translation: “Yahweh blessed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2756	39:5	d2m5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This refers his household and his crops and livestock. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Potiphar’s household and all of his crops and livestock” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2757	39:6	cqj8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	When something is “put under someone’s care,” it means that the person is responsible for its care and safe-keeping. Alternate translation: “So Potiphar put Joseph in charge of everything that he had” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2758	39:6	hx4p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	He did not have to worry about anything in his household; he only had to make decisions about what he wanted to eat. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Potiphar only had to think about what he wanted to eat. He did not have to worry about anything else in his house” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
2759	39:6	ia1m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	The word “now” marks a break in the story line as the author gives background information about Joseph. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
2760	39:6	wy9g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	Both of the words have same meaning. They refer to Joseph’s pleasing appearance. He was likely good-looking and strong. Alternate translation: “handsome and strong” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
2761	39:7	bu7c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	“And so.” This phrase is used here to mark a new event. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
2762	39:7	x6db	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “have sexual relations with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2763	39:8	g7nr		“Listen.” Joseph uses this word to get Potiphar’s wife’s attention.
2764	39:8	hl45	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives	“my master has no concern about his household with me in charge.” This can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “my master trusts me with his household” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]])
2765	39:8	v8lh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	When something is “put under someone’s care,” it means that the person is responsible for its care and safe-keeping. Alternate translation: “he has put me in charge of everything that belongs to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2766	39:9	xvi7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here the author speaks of authority as if it were greatness. Alternate translation: “I have more authority in this house than anyone else” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2767	39:9	x4sd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes	This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “He has given me everything except you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])
2768	39:9	gk4v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Joseph uses a question for emphasis. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “I certainly cannot do such a wicked thing and sin against God.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2769	39:10	vm2s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This means that she kept asking him to sleep with her. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “She kept on asking Joseph to sleep with her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2770	39:10	f48l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “to have sexual relations with her” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2771	39:10	c1pu		“to be near her”
2772	39:11	fgn4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	“And so.” This phrase is used here to mark a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
2773	39:11	uf8u		“None of the other men who worked in the house”
2774	39:12	x9k8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This is a euphemism. Alternate translation: “Have sexual relations with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2775	39:12	i97q		“and quickly ran outside” or “and quickly ran out of the house”
2776	39:13	ix34	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	“Then” The phrase “it came about” is used here to mark the next event in the story. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
2777	39:13	ufa4		“had quickly ran out of the house”
2778	39:14	ikv6		“the men who worked in her house”
2779	39:14	tuv8		“Look” or “Listen” or “Pay attention to what I am about to tell you.”
2780	39:14	k9h6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Here Potiphar’s wife is accusing Joseph of trying to seize her and have sexual relations with her. “He came into my room to have sexual relations with me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2781	39:15	n1kg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	“When he heard me scream, he.” The phrase “it came about” is used here to mark the next event in the story. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
2782	39:16	ma4z		“Joseph’s master.” This refers to Potiphar.
2783	39:17	xu1x		“She explained it like this”
2784	39:17	qu1q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	The word “us” refers to Potiphar, his wife, and includes the rest of the household. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2785	39:17	s2dj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	“came in to make a fool of me.” Here, the word “mock” is a euphemism for “to seize and to sleep with.” Alternate translation: “came into where I was and tried to force me to sleep with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
2786	39:18	u1cu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	“Then.” Potiphar’s wife uses this phrase to mark the next event in the account she is telling him about Joseph trying to sleep with her. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
2787	39:18	r27a		“ran quickly out of the house”
2788	39:19	z9ib	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	“And so.” This phrase is used here to mark a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
2789	39:19	nr6k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	“Joseph’s master.” This refers to Potiphar. This information can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “Joseph’s master, Potiphar” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2790	39:19	clp9		“heard his wife explain to him.” The word “his” and “him” here refer to Potiphar.
2791	39:19	wt6m		“Potiphar became very angry”
2792	39:20	w9a8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the place where the king put his prisoners” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2793	39:20	w9ky		“Joseph stayed there”
2794	39:21	j7f2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This refers to how Yahweh took care of Joseph and was kind to him. Alternate translation: “But Yahweh was kind to Joseph” or “But Yahweh took care of Joseph” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2795	39:21	s8kg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “faithfulness” can be stated as “faithful” or “faithfully.” Alternate translation: “was faithful to his covenant with him” or “faithfully loved him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2796	39:21	wd2i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This means Yahweh caused the prison warden to approve of Joseph and to treat him well. Alternate translation: “Yahweh caused the prison warden to be pleased with Joseph” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2797	39:21	y3zt		“the prison manager” or “the man in charge of the prison”
2798	39:22	wbf9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here “hand” represents Joseph’s power or trust. Alternate translation: “put Joseph in charge of” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2799	39:22	ma4g		“Joseph was in charge of everything they did there”
2800	39:23	j1y2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This refers to how Yahweh helped Joseph and guided him. Alternate translation: “because Yahweh guided Joseph” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2801	39:23	kpn2		“Yahweh caused everything that Joseph did to prosper”
2802	40:intro	ef8h		Genesis 40 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter God’s power The account of Joseph focuses on the power of God. God is able to protect his people despite the evil actions of some. He also is able to continue to bless them despite their circumstances. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) Interpretation of dreams The interpretation of dreams was important in the ancient Near East. It was seen as possible only through divine power. Yahweh gave Joseph the power to interpret dreams in order to bring himself glory and to protect Joseph and the Hebrew people. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]])
2803	40:1	nwl6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	This phrase is used here to mark a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
2804	40:1	bab1		This is the person who brought drinks to the king.
2805	40:1	i7i3		This is the person who made food for the king.
2806	40:1	kuf4		“upset their master”
2807	40:2	ch6u		“the leading cupbearer and the leading baker”
2808	40:3	xu5i		“He put them in the prison that was in the house that was overseen by the captain of the guard”
2809	40:3	ba8g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The king did not put them in prison but rather he commanded for them to be imprisoned. Alternate translation: “He had them put” or “He commanded his guard to put” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2810	40:3	r4uj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “This was the same prison that Joseph was in” or “This was the same prison Potiphar put Joseph in” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2811	40:4	zrd7		“They remained in prison for a long time”
2812	40:6	a1d1		“Joseph came to the cupbearer and the baker”
2813	40:6	yub6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The word “behold” here shows that Joseph was surprised by what he saw. Alternate translation: “He was surprised to see that they were sad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2814	40:7	lc9x		This refers to the cupbearer and the baker.
2815	40:7	q9qf		“In prison in him master’s house.” “His master” refers to Joseph’s master, the captain of the guard.
2816	40:8	fin5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Joseph uses a question for emphasis. This can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “Interpretations belong to God!” or “It is God who can tell the meaning of dreams!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
2817	40:8	va6r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	Joseph asks for them to tell him their dreams. Alternate translation: “Tell me the dreams, please” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2818	40:9	srp7		The most important person who brings drinks to the king. See how you translated this in Genesis 40:2.
2819	40:9	w5j9		“In my dream, I saw a vine in front of me!” The cupbearer uses word “behold” here to show that he was surprised by what he saw in his dream and to alert Joseph to pay attention.
2820	40:10	ehe4		“its clusters ripened into grapes”
2821	40:11	dy72	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This means that he squeezed the juice out of them. Alternate translation: “squeezed the juice from them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2822	40:12	xg18		“Here is what the dream means”
2823	40:12	v4nl		“The three branches represent three days”
2824	40:13	v3j1		“In three more days”
2825	40:13	ra1m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here Joseph speaks of Pharaoh releasing the cupbearer from prison as if Pharaoh were causing him to lift up his head. Alternate translation: “will release you from prison” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2826	40:13	x76t		“will give you back your job”
2827	40:13	jxm9		“just as you did when”
2828	40:14	vhy3		“please be kind to me”
2829	40:14	ril5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Joseph means for the cupbearer to tell Pharaoh about him so that Pharaoh will release him from prison. Alternate translation: “Help me get out of this prison by telling Pharaoh about me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2830	40:15	h47u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “For indeed people took me” or “For indeed the Ishmaelites took me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2831	40:15	eec8		“the land where the Hebrew people live”
2832	40:15	ael9		“and also while I have been here in Egypt, I have done nothing for which I deserved to be put in prison”
2833	40:16	b5rq		This refers to the leading person who made food for the king. See how this was translated in Genesis 40:2.
2834	40:16	g1t1		“I also had a dream, and in my dream,”
2835	40:16	z4gg		“there were three baskets of bread on my head!” The baker uses word “behold” here to show that he was surprised by what he saw in his dream and to alert Joseph to pay attention.
2836	40:17	ya56		“baked foods for Pharaoh”
2837	40:18	xb3a		“Here is what the dream means”
2838	40:18	g2ud		“The three baskets represent three days”
2839	40:19	r5pe		Joseph also used the phrase “will lift up your head” when he spoke to the cupbearer in Genesis 40:13. Here it has a different meaning. Possible meanings are (1) “will lift up your head to put a rope around your neck” or (2) “will lift up your head to cut it off.”
2840	40:19	wcp5		Here “flesh” literally means the soft tissue on a person’s body.
2841	40:20	va7b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	“Afterward, on the third day.” The phrase “it came about” is used here to mark a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
2842	40:20	dfq1		“He had a feast”
2843	40:20	s2fj		This was the leading person who prepared and served drinks to the king. See how these were translated in Genesis 40:2.
2844	40:20	j63e		This refers to the leading person who made food for the king. See how this was translated in Genesis 40:2.
2845	40:21	i37q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The chief of the cupbearer’s “responsibility” refers to his job as chief of the cupbearers. Alternate translation: “He gave the chief of the cupbearers his job back” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2846	40:22	iet6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Pharaoh did not personally hang the baker, rather he commanded for him to be hanged. Alternate translation: “But he commanded for the chief of the bakers to be hanged” or “But he commanded his guards to hang the chief of the bakers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2847	40:22	hh6d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This refers to when Joseph interpreted their dreams. Alternate translation: “just as Joseph had said would happen when he interpreted the two men’s dreams” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2848	41:intro	h6hd		Genesis 41 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter God’s power The account of Joseph focuses on the power of God. God is able to protect his people despite the evil actions of some. He also is able to continue to bless them despite their circumstances. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) Interpretation of dreams The interpretation of dreams was important in the ancient Near East. It was seen as possible only through divine power. Yahweh gave Joseph the power to interpret dreams in order to bring himself glory and to protect Joseph and the Hebrew people. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]]) Joseph’s character Genesis just recorded a period of time where Joseph’s ancestors and brothers struggled with sin. Joseph’s character in this chapter is upright. It gained him great favor in the eyes of Pharaoh and helped to save his people. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]l, [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
2849	41:1	tw22	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
2850	41:1	y4mv		Two years passed after Joseph correctly interpreted the dreams of Pharaoh’s cupbearer and baker, who had been in prison with Joseph.
2851	41:1	l2v3		The word “behold” here marks the beginning of another event in the larger story. Your language may have a way of doing this. Alternate translation: “He was surprised because he was standing”
2852	41:1	d55g		“Pharaoh was standing”
2853	41:2	n2rr		“healthy and fat”
2854	41:2	ka4y		“were eating the grass along the side of the river”
2855	41:2	g7bg		tall, thin grasses that grow in wet areas
2856	41:3	jk79		The word “behold” here shows that Pharaoh was again surprised by what he saw.
2857	41:3	jmx4		“sick and thin”
2858	41:3	c414		“beside the river” or “riverside.” This is the higher ground along the edge of a river.
2859	41:4	k1gu		“weak and skinny.” See how you translated this phrase in Genesis 41:3.
2860	41:4	hp6k		“healthy and well-fed.” See how you translated this phrase in Genesis 41:2.
2861	41:4	we5y		“awakened”
2862	41:5	c4an	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	The word “second” is an ordinal number. Alternate translation: “again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
2863	41:5	ua5x		The word “behold” here shows that Pharaoh was surprised by what he saw.
2864	41:5	h4g3		The heads are parts of the corn plant on which the seeds grow.
2865	41:5	cd5d		“grew up on one stem.” The stalk is the thick or tall part of a plant.
2866	41:5	g3qk		“on one stock and they were healthy and beautiful”
2867	41:6	v7ey	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “that were thin and burned because of the hot wind from the east” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2868	41:6	s21b		Wind from the east blew in from the desert. The heat of the east wind was often very destructive.
2869	41:6	tvj9		“grew up” or “developed”
2870	41:7	r9xp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The words “of grain” are understood. Alternate translation: “The thin heads of grain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2871	41:7	v2mi		“ate.” Pharaoh is dreaming that unhealthy corn could eat healthy corn just like a person eats food.
2872	41:7	uar4		“healthy and good heads.” See how you translated a similar phrase in Genesis 41:5.
2873	41:7	e7u2		“awakened”
2874	41:7	s4lc		The word “behold” here shows that Pharaoh was surprised by what he had seen.
2875	41:7	eke4		“he had been dreaming”
2876	41:8	x955	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
2877	41:8	b73z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here the word “spirit” refers to his inner being or his emotions. Alternate translation: “he was troubled in his inner being” or “he was troubled” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2878	41:8	na7t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	It is understood that he sent servants. Alternate translation: “He sent his servants to call” or “He sent his servants to summon” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2879	41:8	jy8h		Ancient kings and rulers used magicians and wise men as advisers.
2880	41:9	e1hz		The most important person who brings drinks to the king. See how you translated this in Genesis 40:2.
2881	41:9	wmd3		The word “Today” is used for emphasis. His “offenses” are that he should have told Pharaoh something much earlier but he did not. Alternate translation: “I just realized that I forgot to tell you something”
2882	41:10	a77g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	The cupbearer is referring to Pharaoh in third person. This is a common way for someone with less power to speak to someone with greater power. Alternate translation: “You, Pharaoh, were angry” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2883	41:10	yn3r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Here “his” refers to Pharaoh. Here “servants” refers to the cupbearer and the chief baker. Alternate translation: “with us, your servants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2884	41:10	e32b		“put the chief baker and me in the prison where the captain of the guard was in charge.” Here “house” refers to the prison.
2885	41:10	iz6m		The soldier in charge of the royal guards. See how you translated this in Genesis 40:3.
2886	41:10	jp2m		The most important person who made food for the king. See how you translated a similar phrase in Genesis 40:2.
2887	41:11	f7vz		“One night we both had dreams”
2888	41:11	uy9u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	Here “We” refers to the chief cupbearer and the chief baker. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
2889	41:11	ku89		“Our dreams had different meanings”
2890	41:12	g7p9		The chief cupbearer continues to speak to Pharaoh.
2891	41:12	zu8t		“In prison there was with the chief baker and me”
2892	41:12	cjy9		The soldier in charge of the royal guards. See how you translated this in Genesis 40:3.
2893	41:12	lrw5		“We told him our dreams and he explained their meanings to us”
2894	41:12	t5dz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Here “his” refers to the cupbearer and baker individually, not to the one interpreting the dream. Alternate translation: “He explained what was going to happen to both of us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2895	41:13	p1s7		This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
2896	41:13	zhk8		“what he explained about the dreams is what later happened”
2897	41:13	fv56	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Here the cupbearer uses Pharaoh’s title in speaking to him as a way of honoring him. Alternate translation: “You allowed me to return to my job” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2898	41:13	w4yi		“the chief baker”
2899	41:13	fxy2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Here “he” refers to Pharaoh. And, it stands for the soldiers that Pharaoh commanded to hang the chief baker. Alternate translation: “you ordered your soldiers to hang” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2900	41:14	m2th	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	It is understood that Pharaoh sent servants. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh sent his servants to get Joseph” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2901	41:14	l2yw		“out of the jail” or “out of the prison”
2902	41:14	gm9k		It was common practice to shave both the facial and head hair when preparing to go before Pharaoh.
2903	41:14	hi7k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	Here “came” can be stated as “went.” Alternate translation: “went before Pharaoh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
2904	41:15	ye9x		“no one can explain the meaning”
2905	41:15	gl3z		“you can explain its meaning”
2906	41:16	fy4i		“I am not the one who can explain the meaning”
2907	41:16	sva8		“God will answer Pharaoh favorably”
2908	41:17	m7d9		Pharaoh uses the word “behold” to make Joseph pay attention to surprising information.
2909	41:17	arm4		This is the higher ground along the edge of the Nile River. See how you translated a similar phrase in Genesis 41:3. Alternate translation: “beside the Nile”
2910	41:18	j94b		Pharaoh uses the word “Behold” to make Joseph pay attention to surprising information.
2911	41:18	q5si		“well-fed and healthy.” See how you translated this phrase in Genesis 41:2.
2912	41:18	ppr3		“were eating the grass along the side of the river.” See how you translated a similar phrase in Genesis 41:2.
2913	41:19	m34x		Pharaoh uses the word “Behold” to make Joseph pay attention to surprising information.
2914	41:19	hdi9		“weak, and skinny.” See how you translated this phrase in Genesis 41:3.
2915	41:19	ls2h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “undesirableness” can be translated with an adjective. Alternate translation: “such ugly cows” or “such worthless looking cows” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
2916	41:20	hr6a		“well-fed cows.” See how you translated this phrase in Genesis 41:2.
2917	41:21	svd9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one would have been able to tell that the thin cows had eaten the fat cows” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2918	41:22	jga7		Pharaoh continues telling Joseph his dreams.
2919	41:22	kz2w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This begins Pharaoh’s next dream after he woke up and went back to sleep. Alternate translation: “Then I dreamed again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2920	41:22	pj1p		Pharaoh uses the word “Behold” to make Joseph pay attention to surprising information.
2921	41:22	rt6d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The words “of grain” are understood. Alternate translation: “seven heads of grain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2922	41:22	p2uk		“grew up on one stem.” The stalk is the thick or tall part of a plant. See how you translated a similar phrase in Genesis 41:5.
2923	41:23	sy8n		dead and dried
2924	41:23	ia4j		“grew up” or “developed”
2925	41:24	g4ud	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The words “of grain” are understood. See how you translated this in Genesis 41:7. Alternate translation: “The thin heads of grain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2926	41:24	lf37		“ate.” Pharaoh is dreaming that unhealthy corn could eat healthy corn just like a person eats food. See how you translated a similar phrase in Genesis 41:7.
2927	41:24	zf3j		“there was not a single one that could” or “none of them could”
2928	41:25	q6cy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It is implied that the meanings are the same. Alternate translation: “Both dreams mean the same thing” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
2929	41:25	q4kq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Joseph speaks to Pharaoh in the third person. This is a way of showing respect. It can be stated in the second person. Alternate translation: “God is showing you what he will soon do” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2930	41:26	xnj6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The words “of grain” are understood. Alternate translation: “seven good heads of grain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
2931	41:27	k368		Joseph continues his interpretation of Pharaoh’s dreams
2932	41:27	is68		“skinny and weak cows.” See how you translated a similar phrase in Genesis 41:3.
2933	41:27	rw51	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “seven thin heads of grain scorched because of the hot wind from the east” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2934	41:28	ik53	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Joseph speaks to Pharaoh in the third person. This is a way of showing respect. It can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “These events will happen just as I have told you … revealed to you, Pharaoh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2935	41:28	xq53		“he has made known”
2936	41:29	uzi8		“Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: seven”
2937	41:29	q9lh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks about the years of abundance as if time is something that travels and comes to a place. Alternate translation: “there will be seven years in which there will be plenty of food throughout the land of Egypt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2938	41:30	a869		Joseph continues interpreting Pharaoh’s dreams.
2939	41:30	y7lx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks about the seven years of famine as if they are something that travels and comes to a place. Alternate translation: “Then there will be seven years when there is very little food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2940	41:30	zb38	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Joseph expresses an idea in two ways to emphasize its importance. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2941	41:30	gz1x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “land” refers to the people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the people of Egypt will forget about the years in which there was plenty of food” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2942	41:30	tuu7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “land” refers to the soil, the people, and the entire country. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2943	41:31	a4xl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Joseph expresses an idea in two ways to emphasize its importance. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
2944	41:31	qf5c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks about the famine as if it were a thing that travels and follows behind something else. Alternate translation: “because of the time of famine that will happen afterwards” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2945	41:32	k4qw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “God gave you two dreams to show you that he will certainly cause these things to happen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2946	41:33	i8w9		Joseph continues to address Pharaoh
2947	41:33	qex3		This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
2948	41:33	a6dg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Joseph speaks to Pharaoh in third person. This is a way of showing respect. It can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “You, Pharaoh, should look” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
2949	41:33	w17p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The phrase “put him over” means to give someone authority. Alternate translation: “give him authority over the kingdom of Egypt” or “put him in charge of the kingdom of Egypt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2950	41:33	t3pi	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “land” stands for all the people and everything in Egypt. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2951	41:34	vy8h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction	The word “fifth” is a fraction. Alternate translation: “let them divide the crops of Egypt into five equal parts, then take one of those parts” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
2952	41:34	q92v		“during the seven years in which there is plenty of food”
2953	41:35	w1if		Joseph continues to counsel Pharaoh
2954	41:35	ea47		“Allow the overseers to gather”
2955	41:35	ru7g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks of years as if they are something that travels and comes to a place. Alternate translation: “during the good years that will soon happen” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2956	41:35	rc85	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The phrase “under the authority of Pharaoh” means Pharaoh gives them authority. Alternate translation: “use the authority of Pharaoh to store the grain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2957	41:35	q2j1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “they” refers to the overseers and represents the soldiers that they should command to guard the grain. Alternate translation: “The overseers should leave soldiers there to guard the grain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2958	41:36	r5dj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “land” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “This food will be for the people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2959	41:36	ytd1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “land” stands for the people. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “This way the people will not starve during the famine” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2960	41:37	d6hd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh and his servants thought this was a good plan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2961	41:37	lvg2		This means Pharaoh’s officials.
2962	41:38	xmh3		“a man like the one Joseph described”
2963	41:38	wl54		“in whom the Spirit of God lives”
2964	41:39	v53h		“no one else is as capable in making decisions.” See how you translated “discerning” in Genesis 41:33.
2965	41:40	ej2d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “house” stands for Pharaoh’s palace and the people in the palace. The phrase “will be over” means Joseph will have authority over. Alternate translation: “You will be in charge of everyone in my palace” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
2966	41:40	f76b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will rule over my people and they will do what you command” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
2967	41:40	v1tq		Here “throne” stands for Pharaoh’s rule as king. Alternate translation: “Only in my role as king”
2968	41:41	r2t9		The word “See” adds emphasis to what Pharaoh says next. Alternate translation: “Look, I have put you”
2969	41:41	vl42	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The phrase “put you over” means to give authority. Here “land” refers to the people. Alternate translation: “I put you in charge of everyone in Egypt” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2970	41:42	f9g4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	All of these actions symbolize that Pharaoh is giving Joseph the authority to do everything that Joseph planned. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2971	41:42	i15i		This ring had Pharaoh’s seal engraved on it. This gave Joseph the authority and money needed to carry out his plans.
2972	41:42	vl94		“Linen” here is a smooth, strong cloth made from the blue-flowered flax plant.
2973	41:43	i4am	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	This act makes clear to the people that Joseph is second only to Pharaoh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2974	41:43	u4gp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	“Bow down and honor Joseph.” To bend the knee and bow down was a sign of honor and respect. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2975	41:43	wmr4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The phrase “put you over” means to give authority. Here “land” refers to the people. See how you translated a similar phrase in Genesis 41:41. Alternate translation: “I put you in charge of everyone in Egypt”(See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2976	41:44	v9ec		Pharaoh is emphasizing his authority. Alternate translation: “As Pharaoh, I command that apart from you”
2977	41:44	els8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “hand” and “foot” stand for a person’s actions. Alternate translation: “no person in Egypt will do anything without your permission” or “every person in Egypt must ask your permission before they do anything” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2978	41:44	y8gj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations	Here “man” refers to any person in general, whether male or female. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])
2979	41:45	wx8j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Translators may add the following footnote: The name Zaphenath-Paneah means “a revealer of secrets.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2980	41:45	c92a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	Priests in Egypt were the highest and most privileged caste. This marriage signifies Joseph’s place of honor and privilege. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
2981	41:45	g53x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	“Asenath” is the name of the woman whom Pharaoh gave to Joseph as his wife. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2982	41:45	j862	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	“Potiphera” is the father of Asenath. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2983	41:45	fhe9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	On is a city, also called Heliopolis, which was “the City of the Sun” and the center of worship of the sun god Ra. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2984	41:45	rx5u		Joseph traveled over the land to supervise the preparations for the coming drought.
2985	41:46	u8rk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“30 years old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
2986	41:46	iwd6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “stood before” stands for Joseph starting to serve Pharaoh. Alternate translation: “when he started to serve Pharaoh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
2987	41:46	x22j		Joseph is inspecting the country as he prepares to carry out his plans.
2988	41:47	l6p5		“During the seven good years”
2989	41:47	ye1w		“the land produced big harvests”
2990	41:48	m4bl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “He” stands for Joseph’s servants. Alternate translation: “Joseph ordered his servants to gather … They put” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2991	41:49	yr1c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This compares the grain to the sand of sea to emphasize its great quantity. Alternate translation: “The grain that Joseph stored was as plentiful as the sand on the seashore” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2992	41:49	l1uq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “Joseph” and “he” stand for Joseph’s servants. Alternate translation: “Joseph had his servants store up … they stopped” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
2993	41:50	r3fd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks about years as if they are something that travels and comes to a place. Alternate translation: “before the seven years of the famine began” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
2994	41:50	ut7u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	a woman’s name. See how you translated this in Genesis 41:45. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2995	41:50	k2hl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	“Potiphera” is the father of Asenath. See how you translated this in Genesis 41:45. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2996	41:50	yb1j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	On is a city, also called Heliopolis, which was “the City of the Sun” and the center of worship of the sun god Ra. See how you translated this in Genesis 41:45. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
2997	41:51	d3cd		Translators may also add a footnote that says, “The name ‘Manasseh’ means ‘to cause to forget.’”
2998	41:51	b4g6		This refers to Joseph’s father Jacob and his family.
2999	41:52	js3c		Translators may also add a footnote that says, “The name ‘Ephraim’ means ‘to be fruitful’ or ‘to have children.’”
3000	41:52	l6jr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here “fruitful” means to prosper or to have children. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3001	41:52	nz8y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “affliction” can be stated as “I have suffered.” Alternate translation: “in this land where I have suffered” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3002	41:54	z4db		In all the surrounding nations beyond Egypt, including the land of Canaan.
3003	41:54	ixd6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It is implied that there was food because of Joseph commanded his people to store food during the seven good years. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3004	41:55	c2ia	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “land” stands for the people. Alternate translation: “When all the Egyptians were starving” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3005	41:56	qr6m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The word “face” refers to the surface of the land. Alternate translation: “The famine had spread throughout the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3006	41:56	fa43	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “Joseph” stands for Joseph’s servants. Alternate translation: “Joseph had his servants open all the storehouses and sell grain to the Egyptians” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3007	41:57	t13u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “earth” stands for the people from all regions. Alternate translation: “People were coming to Egypt from all the surrounding regions” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3008	41:57	ci2w		“throughout the land.” It is likely that all the different trading partners and nations that were part of the Egyptian trading routes effected by the drought came to Egypt for grain.
3009	42:intro	c5l2		Genesis 42 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Famine Apparently this famine extended beyond Egypt and encompassed the land of Canaan too. Because of Egypt’s size and power, it would not have been unusual for people to go there in times of need. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) Joseph’s test Joseph tests his brothers to see if they are good. They treat their brother Benjamin better than they treated Joseph and tried to protect him.
3010	42:1	c5d3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	The word “Now” marks a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
3011	42:1	p1y2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Jacob uses a question to scold his sons for not doing anything about the grain. Alternate translation: “Do not just sit here!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3012	42:2	h23z		It was common to speak of going from Canaan to Egypt as going “down.”
3013	42:3	vr9m		It was common to speak of going from Canaan to Egypt as going “down.”
3014	42:3	i5iq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Egypt” refers to the people selling grain. Alternate translation: “from those selling grain in Egypt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3015	42:4	rt23	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Benjamin and Joseph had the same father and mother; their mother was different from the mothers of the other brothers. Jacob did not want to risk sending Rachel’s last son. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3016	42:5	p382	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	The word “came” can be translated as “went.” Also, the words “grain” and “Egypt” are understood. Alternate translation: “The sons of Israel went to by grain along with other people who went to Egypt” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-go]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3017	42:6	e78a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	“Now” marks a change from the story to background information about Joseph. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
3018	42:6	xw5p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Here “land” refers to Egypt. Alternate translation: “over Egypt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3019	42:6	cck6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Here “land” includes Egypt and other surrounding countries. Alternate translation: “all the people of all the nations that came to buy grain” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3020	42:6	bdb9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	Here “came” can be translated as “went.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
3021	42:6	s5ws	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	This is a way of showing respect. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3022	42:7	nq51		“When Joseph saw his brothers, he recognized them”
3023	42:7	cu87		“he acted like he was not their brother” or “he did not let them know that he was their brother”
3024	42:7	n3p8		This was not a rhetorical question even though Joseph knew the answer. It was part of his choice to keep his identity from his brothers.
3025	42:9	dv8w		Spies are people who secretly try to get information about a country to help another country.
3026	42:9	y5kw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The full meaning can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “You have come to find out where we are not guarding our land so that you can attack us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3027	42:10	l89u		This is a way to refer to someone to honor them.
3028	42:10	e1z7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	The brothers refer to themselves as “your servants.” This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: “We, your servants, have” or “We have” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3029	42:12	i9sn		“Joseph said to his brothers”
3030	42:12	ca6s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The full meaning can be stated explicitly. Alternate translation: “No, you have come to find out where we are not guarding our land so that you can attack us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3031	42:13	vj1h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“12 brothers” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3032	42:13	wv8h		“Listen to us, the youngest.” The word “See” is used to emphasize what they say next.
3033	42:13	g7cm		“right now our youngest brother is with our father”
3034	42:14	ff9z		“like I already said, you are spies.” See how you translated “spies” in Genesis 42:9.
3035	42:15	iq1v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “This is how I will test you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3036	42:15	j3zj		This phrase indicates a solemn oath. Alternate translation: “I swear by the life of Pharaoh”
3037	42:16	dz9i		“Choose one of you to go get your brother”
3038	42:16	fxw4		“The rest of you will remain in prison”
3039	42:16	dnr5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so that I may find out if you are telling the truth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3040	42:17	fat5		“in prison”
3041	42:18	qus3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal	The word “third” is an ordinal number. Alternate translation: “after the second day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
3042	42:18	gh5e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The understood information can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “If you will do what I say, I will let you live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3043	42:18	h8lm		This refers to deeply respecting God and showing that respect by obeying him.
3044	42:19	r62p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “leave one of your brothers here in prison” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3045	42:19	s1pk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	Here “you” is plural and refers to all the brothers that will not stay in prison. Alternate translation: “but the rest of you go” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
3046	42:19	f5t4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “houses” stands for families. Alternate translation: “carry grain home to help your family during this famine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3047	42:20	r5ua	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “so I may know what you say is true” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3048	42:20	p88a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This implies that Joseph would have his soldiers execute the brothers if he finds out they are spies. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3049	42:21	s33g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	The word “soul” stands for Joseph. Alternate translation: “because we saw how distressed Joseph was” or “because we saw that Joseph was suffering” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3050	42:21	hc4a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “distress” can be stated as the verb “suffering.” Alternate translation: “That is why we are suffering like this now” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3051	42:22	brj8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Reuben uses a question to scold his brothers. Alternate translation: “I told you not to hurt the boy, but you would not listen!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3052	42:22	n5z3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	This has a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Did I not tell you not to sin against the boy, but” or “I told you not to harm the boy, but” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
3053	42:22	eap3		Here “Now” does not mean “at this moment,” but both “Now” and “see” are used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
3054	42:22	pn25	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “blood” stands for Joseph’s death. His brothers thought Joseph was dead. The phrase “is required of us” means they must be punished for what they did. Alternate translation: “we are getting what we deserve for his death” or “we are suffering for having killed him” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3055	42:23	lqt2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	This shifts from the main story line to background information that explains why the brothers thought Joseph could not understand them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
3056	42:23	p4pm		An “interpreter” is someone who translates what one person says into another language. Joseph placed an interpreter between himself and his brothers to make it seem like he did not speak their language.
3057	42:24	ciy7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It is implied that Joseph wept because he was emotional after hearing what his brothers said. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3058	42:24	wf1i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Joseph was still speaking a different language and using the interpreter to speak to his brothers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3059	42:24	w4b7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here the people are represented by their “eyes” to emphasize what they see. Alternate translation: “bound him in their sight” or “bound him as they watched” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3060	42:25	y2fl		“to give them the supplies they needed”
3061	42:25	bf12	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The servants did for them everything that Joseph commanded” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3062	42:27	gcn4		“When they stopped at a place for the night, one of the brothers opened his sack to get food for his donkey. In the sack he saw his money!”
3063	42:27	w3t1		The word “behold” here alerts us to pay attention to the surprising information that follows.
3064	42:28	g184	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone has put my money back” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3065	42:28	df3i		“Look in my sack!”
3066	42:28	b9ha	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	To become afraid is spoken of as if their heart were sinking. Here “hearts” stands for courage. Alternate translation: “They became very afraid” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3067	42:30	q8iz		“the lord of Egypt”
3068	42:30	d1km		“spoke harshly”
3069	42:30	zie5		Spies are people who secretly try to get information about a country to help another country. See how you translated “spies” in Genesis 42:9.
3070	42:31	i7g6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	This has a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. “We told him that we are honest men and not spies.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
3071	42:32	e88f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	The quotation within a quotation that began with the words “We said to him, ‘We are honest men … not spies. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. “We told him that we are honest men … not spies. We said that we are twelve brothers, sons of our father, and that one brother is no longer alive … land of Canaan” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
3072	42:32	xh3d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The word “brother” is understood. Alternate translation: “One brother is no longer alive” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3073	42:32	e6lq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The word “brother” is understood. Alternate translation: “the youngest brother is with our father right now” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3074	42:33	fu6f		“The lord of Egypt”
3075	42:33	a8kj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “houses” stands for “family.” Alternate translation: “take grain to help your family during the famine” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3076	42:33	gg5l		“go home” or “leave”
3077	42:34	ny2q		“I will allow you to buy and sell in this land”
3078	42:35	fhb9		This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
3079	42:35	nu84		“they were surprised because every”
3080	42:36	y5x1		“you have deprived me of my children” or “you have caused me to lose two of my children”
3081	42:36	h9h6		“all these things hurt me”
3082	42:37	a4d7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This is a request for Reuben to take Benjamin with him and to care for him on the journey. Alternate translation: “Put me in charge of him” or “Let me take care of him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3083	42:38	j7bu		It was common to use the phrase “go down” when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. Alternate translation: “My son, Benjamin, will not go with you to Egypt”
3084	42:38	gb7z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	Here “you” is plural and refers to Jacob’s older sons. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
3085	42:38	vm4r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The full meaning can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “For my wife, Rachel, only had two children. Joseph is dead and Benjamin is the only one left” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3086	42:38	jj7h		“while you a traveling to Egypt and back” or “while you are away.” Here “road” stands for traveling.
3087	42:38	mk1r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	To “bring down … to Sheol” is way of saying they will cause him to die and go to Sheol. He uses the word “down” because it was commonly believed sheol is somewhere underground. Alternate translation: “then you will cause me, an old man, to die of sorrow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3088	42:38	b5eg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	This stands for Jacob and emphasizes his old age. Alternate translation: “me, an old man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3089	43:intro	b7av		Genesis 43 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Israel’s concern Israel is concerned over his favored son, Benjamin. He is also confused about the reason the Egyptian official treated them so kindly. This caused him some concern. It is possible he thought his sons were lying to him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]])
3090	43:1	l7ym	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The word “Canaan” is understood. This information can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “The famine was severe in the land of Canaan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3091	43:2	af37	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
3092	43:2	j2pr		“when Jacob and his family had eaten”
3093	43:2	y9y8		“Jacob’s older sons had brought”
3094	43:2	cwa3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	Here “us” refers to Jacob, his sons, and the rest of the family. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
3095	43:3	a11c		“Judah told his father Jacob”
3096	43:3	xp8m		This refers to Joseph, but the brothers did not know it was Joseph. They referred to him as “the man” or “the man, the lord of the land” as in Genesis 42:30.
3097	43:3	t3f5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	This has a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “warned us that we would not see his face unless we brought our youngest brother with us” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
3098	43:3	w1ix		“was very serious when he warned us, saying”
3099	43:3	jb64	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Judah uses this phrase twice in 43:3-5 to emphasize to his father that they cannot return to Egypt without Benjamin. The phrase “my face” refers to the man, who is Joseph. Alternate translation: “You will not see me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3100	43:3	enw5		Judah is referring to Benjamin, Rachel’s last born before she died.
3101	43:5	db22		It was common to use the phrase “go down” when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt.
3102	43:6	e9fz		“Why did you cause me so much trouble”
3103	43:7	q6ea		“The man asked many questions”
3104	43:7	x1z8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	Here “us” is exclusive and refers to the brothers who went to Egypt and spoke with “the man.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
3105	43:7	c5sn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “He asked us directly if our father was still alive and if we had another brother.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
3106	43:7	g7db		“We answered the questions he asked us”
3107	43:7	j654	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	The sons use a question emphasize that the did not know what the man would tell them to do. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “We did not know he would say … down!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3108	43:7	wzh2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “he would tell us to bring our brother down to Egypt.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
3109	43:7	v3xy		It was common to use the word “down” when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt.
3110	43:8	l94l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	The phrases “we may live” and “not die” mean the same thing. Judah is emphasizing that they have to buy food in Egypt in order to survive. Alternate translation: “We will go now to Egypt and get grain so our whole family will live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3111	43:8	mh3d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	Here “We” refers to the brothers who will travel to Egypt. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
3112	43:8	k6f4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	Here “we” refers to the brothers, Israel, and the whole family. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
3113	43:8	cpz3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	Here “we” refers to the brothers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
3114	43:8	uy53	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	Here “you” is singular and refers to Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
3115	43:8	tl69	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	Here “our” refers to the brothers. This refers to the small children who were most likely to die during a famine. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
3116	43:9	y9c3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “guarantee” can be stated as the verb “promise.” Alternate translation: “I will promise to bring him back” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3117	43:9	c8cl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	How Jacob will hold Judah responsible can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “You will make me answer to you about what happens to Benjamin” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3118	43:9	bru3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks about “blame” as if it were an object that a person has to carry. Alternate translation: “you may blame me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3119	43:10	c1nb	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	Judah is describing something that could have happened in the past but did not. Judah is scolding his father for waiting so long to send his sons to Egypt to get more food. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
3120	43:10	gig8		“we would have returned twice”
3121	43:11	qd28		“If this is our only choice, then do it”
3122	43:11	vqb7		It was common to use the word “down” when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt.
3123	43:11	dp26		an oily substance with a sweet smell used for healing and protecting skin. See how you translated this word in Genesis 37:25. Alternate translation: “medicine”
3124	43:11	a7it		seasonings. See how you translated these words in Genesis 37:25.
3125	43:11	qbj2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	small, green tree nuts (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
3126	43:11	d1a7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown	tree nuts with a sweet flavor (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])
3127	43:12	vd8z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “hand” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “Take double the money with you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3128	43:12	wm87	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “hand” stands for the whole person. The phrase “that was returned” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “take back to Egypt the money someone put in your sacks” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3129	43:13	xn4a		“Take also Benjamin”
3130	43:13	l12h		“return”
3131	43:14	e786	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “mercy” can be stated as the adjective “kind.” Alternate translation: “May God Almighty cause the man to be kind to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3132	43:14	vf2h		“Simeon”
3133	43:14	u7v1		“If I lose my children, then I lose my children.” This means that Jacob knows he must accept whatever happens to his sons.
3134	43:15	f3ts	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “hand” refers to the entire person. Alternate translation: “they took” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3135	43:15	xlh5		It was common to use the phrase “went down” when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt.
3136	43:16	ld98		“Benjamin with Joseph’s older brothers”
3137	43:16	w4n3		The “steward” was responsible for managing Joseph’s household activities.
3138	43:17	cfq1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	Here “brought” can be translated as “took.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
3139	43:17	wk2w		“into Joseph’s house”
3140	43:18	ft1a		“Joseph’s brothers were afraid”
3141	43:18	rw47	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they were going into Joseph’s house” or “the steward was taking them into Joseph’s house” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3142	43:18	rx9m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The steward is bringing us into the house because of the money that someone put back in our sacks” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3143	43:18	tl4h		This can be translated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “He is waiting for the opportunity to accuse us, so that he might arrest us”
3144	43:20	pmz6		It is common to use the phrase “came down” when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt.
3145	43:21	y72v		The brothers continue speaking to the steward of the house.
3146	43:21	e2g8		This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
3147	43:21	pjc8		“when we came to the place that we were going to stay for the night”
3148	43:21	nc2k		The word “behold” here shows that the brothers were surprised by what they saw.
3149	43:21	hf98		“each one of us found the full amount of his money in his sack”
3150	43:21	be34	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “hands” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “We have brought the money back with us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3151	43:22	nd43	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “hand” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “We have also brought more money to buy food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3152	43:22	q64s		It common to use the word “down” when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt.
3153	43:23	g7nj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “Peace” can be stated as a verb. Alternate translation: “Relax” or “Calm yourselves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3154	43:23	y651		The stewards is not speaking about two different Gods. Alternate translation: “Your God, the God your father worships”
3155	43:24	wwj3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	This custom helped tired travelers to refresh themselves after walking long distances. The full meaning of this statement may be made explicit. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3156	43:24	q981		“Feed” is dry food that is set aside for animals
3157	43:26	jf2d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “hand” stands for the entire person. Alternate translation: “the brothers brought the gifts they had with them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3158	43:26	a4p7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	This is a way of showing honor and respect. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3159	43:28	uc51		They refer to their father as “Your servant” to show respect. Alternate translation: “Our father who serves you”
3160	43:28	lk7k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	These words basically mean the same thing. They laid down in front of the man to show him respect. Alternate translation: “They bowed down in front of him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3161	43:29	ca4h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This means “he looked up.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3162	43:29	vr6v		This can be translated with a new sentence. Alternate translation: “his mother’s son. Joseph said”
3163	43:29	j5nt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Possible meanings are (1) Joseph is truly asking a question to confirm that this man is Benjamin, or (2) it is a rhetorical question. Alternate translation: “So this is your youngest brother … me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3164	43:29	en2a		This is a friendly way one man speaks to another man of lower rank. Alternate translation: “young man”
3165	43:30	w15d		“hurried out of the room”
3166	43:30	ttv5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The phrase “deeply moved” refers to having a strong feeling or emotion when something important happens. Alternate translation: “for he had strong feelings of compassion for his brother” or “for he had strong feelings of affection for his brother” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3167	43:31	s76h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It can be made explicit to whom Joseph is speaking. Alternate translation: “and said to his servants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3168	43:31	jr7a		This means to distribute the food so that people may eat.
3169	43:32	dj49		This means that Joseph, the brothers, and the other Egyptians are eating in three different places within the same room. Alternate translation: “The servants served Joseph by himself and the brothers by themselves and the Egyptians, who were eating with him, by themselves”
3170	43:32	k54i		These are probably other Egyptian officials who ate with Joseph, but they still sat separately from him and the Hebrew brothers.
3171	43:32	bz5r		This can be translated as a new sentence: “They did this because the Egyptians thought it was shameful to eat with the Hebrews”
3172	43:32	dn35	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “bread” stands for food in general. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3173	43:33	uk7w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It is implied that Joseph had arranged where each brother would sit. You can make clear the implied information. Alternate translation: “The brothers sat across from the man, according to how he arranged their places” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3174	43:33	v5sa	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism	The “firstborn” and the “youngest” are used together to mean all the brothers were sitting in order according to their age. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])
3175	43:33	c4tk		“The men were very surprised when they realized this”
3176	43:34	nus6		The phrase “five times” can be stated more generally. Alternate translation: “But Benjamin received a portion that was much bigger than what his brothers received”
3177	44:intro	r27n		Genesis 44 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Judah’s sacrifice Judah is willing to sacrifice himself in order to save Benjamin, the favored son of Jacob. Judah’s descendants will become the leaders of the Israelites and the godliest of the twelve tribes of Israel. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter Joseph’s test Joseph tests his brothers to see if they are good. They treat their brother Benjamin better than they treated Joseph and tried to protect him. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/test]])
3178	44:1	bf9w		This begins a new event in the story. Most likely this is the next morning after the feast.
3179	44:1	nsj3		The “steward” was responsible for managing Joseph’s household activities.
3180	44:1	md4j		Their money was silver coins most likely in a small bag.
3181	44:1	bx7r		“in his sack”
3182	44:2	pgt5		“Put my silver cup”
3183	44:2	in3i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The word “brother” is understood. Alternate translation: “in the youngest brother’s sack” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3184	44:3	d7pr		“The morning light shown”
3185	44:3	cwc8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they sent the men away, along with their donkeys” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3186	44:4	d17q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	This question is used to scold the brothers. Alternate translation: “You have treated us badly, after we were good to you!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3187	44:5	kx3l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	This question is used to scold the brothers. Alternate translation: “You already know that this is the cup that my master uses for drinking and for fortune telling!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3188	44:5	am17	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	This repeats “you have done” for emphasis. Alternate translation: “What you have done is very evil” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3189	44:6	rt6m		“spoke what Joseph told him to say”
3190	44:7	cd44	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “words” stands for what was said. The brothers refer to the steward as “my master.” This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. It can be stated in the second person. Alternate translation: “Why are you saying this, my master?” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3191	44:7	zls8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	The brothers refer to themselves as “your servants” and “they.” This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: “We would never do such a thing!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3192	44:7	uhb8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Something that a person would never do is spoken of as if it were an object that person wants to put very far from himself. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3193	44:8	mb88		“Listen to what we are about to say and you will see that we are speaking the truth: the money”
3194	44:8	z4pq		“you know the money that we found in our sacks”
3195	44:8	cwc6		“we brought back to you from Canaan”
3196	44:8	zeg7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	The brothers use a question to emphasize that they would not steal from the lord of Egypt. Alternate translation: “So we would never take anything from your master’s house!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3197	44:8	pbw8		These words are used together to mean that they would not steal anything of any value.
3198	44:9	kpk1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	The brothers refer to themselves as “your servants.” This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. It can be stated in the first person. Also, “it is found” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If you find that one of us has stolen the cup” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-123person]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3199	44:9	g5cd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	The phrase “my master” refers to the steward. This can be stated in the second person. Alternate translation: “you may take us as your slaves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3200	44:10	a2vd		“Very well. I will do what you said.” Here “now” does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
3201	44:10	abw2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “If I find the cup in one of your sacks, that person will be my slave” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3202	44:11	kv7v		“lowered his sack”
3203	44:12	hf7m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The word “brother” is understood. Alternate translation: “the oldest brother … the youngest brother” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3204	44:12	b5xm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be translated as a new sentence and in active form. Alternate translation: “youngest. The steward found the cup in Benjamin’s sack” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3205	44:13	v8rl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	The word “they” refers to the brothers. Tearing clothes was a sign of great distress and sorrow. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3206	44:13	mp1k		“donkey, and they returned”
3207	44:14	hjg6		“Joseph was still there”
3208	44:14	ywn1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	“they fell before him.” This is a sign of the brothers wanting the lord to be merciful to them. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3209	44:15	v25g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Joseph uses a question to scold his brothers. Alternate translation: “Surely you know that a man like me can learn things by magic!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3210	44:16	gj3i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	All 3 questions mean basically the same thing. They use these questions to emphasize that there is nothing they can say to explain what happened. Alternate translation: “We have nothing to say, my master. We cannot speak anything of value. We cannot justify ourselves.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3211	44:16	hvc6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Here “my master” refers to Joseph. This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. It can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “What can we say to you … your slaves” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3212	44:16	uek8		Here “found out” does not mean God just found out what the brothers did. It means God is now punishing them for what they did. Alternate translation: “God is punishing us for our past sins”
3213	44:16	bb9u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	The brothers refer to themselves as “your servants.” This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. It can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “our iniquity” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3214	44:16	ga33	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “hand” stands for the whole person. Also, “was found” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “the one who had your cup” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3215	44:17	m8l3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Something that a person would never do is spoken of as if it were an object the person wants put far away from him. Alternate translation: “It is not like me to do something like that” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3216	44:17	v7cp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “hand” stands for the whole person. Also, “was found” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The man who had my cup” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3217	44:18	fj99		“approached”
3218	44:18	s63z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Judah refers to himself as “your servant.” This is a formal way of speaking to someone with more authority. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “let me, your servant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3219	44:18	px7g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	The word “ear” is a synecdoche that stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “speak to you, my master” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3220	44:18	jg84	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Here “my master” refers to Joseph. This is a formal way of speaking to someone with more authority. This can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3221	44:18	awr9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Being angry is spoke of as if it were a burning fire. Alternate translation: “please do not be angry with me, your servant” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3222	44:18	na6r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Judah compares the master to Pharaoh to emphasize the great power that the master has. He is also implying that he does want the master to become angry and execute him. Alternate translation: “for you are as powerful as Pharaoh and could have your soldiers kill me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3223	44:19	hz8e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “My master asked us if we have a father or a brother.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
3224	44:19	ky6j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Judah refers to Joseph with the words “my master” and “his.” He also refers to himself and his brothers as “his servants.” Alternate translation: “You, my master, asked us, your servants” or “You asked us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3225	44:20	rzw2		Judah continues to speak before Joseph
3226	44:20	xks4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “And we said to my master that we have a father … his father loves him” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
3227	44:20	k9ph		This refers to love for a friend or family member.
3228	44:21	g2ys	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “And you said to your servants that we should bring our youngest brother to you so that you may see him” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
3229	44:21	w231	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Judah refers to himself and his brothers as “your servants.” Alternate translation: “Then you said to us, your servants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3230	44:21	n4pn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It was common to use the word “down” when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. Alternate translation: “Bring him to me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3231	44:22	t6fz	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Judah refers to Joseph as “my master.” This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: “we said to you, my master” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3232	44:22	bt2u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “In response, we said to my master that the boy cannot … father would die” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
3233	44:22	jbh3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It is implied that their father would die from sorrow. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3234	44:23	s5na		Judah continues his story to Joseph
3235	44:23	i4ft	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Then you said to your servants that unless our youngest brother comes with us, we would not see you again.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
3236	44:23	evq7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Judah refers to himself and his brothers as “your servants.” This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: “Then you said to us, your servants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3237	44:23	vsx5		It was common to use the word “down” when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt.
3238	44:23	tkh6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “face” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “you will not see me again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3239	44:24	yg64	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
3240	44:24	sjv1		It was common to use the phrase “went up” when speaking of traveling from Egypt to Canaan.
3241	44:24	j6ab	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Judah refers to Joseph as “my master.” Alternate translation: “we told him what you said, my master” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3242	44:25	r9xc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Our father told us to go again to Egypt to buy food for us and our families.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
3243	44:26	xf8c		It was common to use the word “down” when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt.
3244	44:26	uuv6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “Then we said to him that we cannot go down to Egypt. We told him that if our youngest brother is with us … is with us” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
3245	44:26	ka8m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “face” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “to see the man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3246	44:27	uzr7		Judah continues his story to Joseph.
3247	44:27	tq3g		This is the beginning of a three-level quote.
3248	44:27	pq3n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive	Here “us” does not include Joseph. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])
3249	44:27	k115	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	Here “You” is plural and refers to the brothers. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
3250	44:28	eym1		The three-level quote that began in verse 27 continues.
3251	44:28	uw3g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “a wild animal has torn him to pieces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3252	44:29	vv4v		The three-level quote that began in verse 27 ends here.
3253	44:29	c679	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	The three-level quote that began with the words “Your servant … said to us, ‘You know … two sons” in verse 27 and continued with the words “and I said, ‘Surely … since” in verse 28 ends here. You may need to change one or more of these levels to indirect quotes. “This is what your servant my father said to us: ‘You know that my wife bore me two sons. One of them went out from me and I said that surely he had been torn in pieces, and I have not seen him since. Now if you also take this one from me, and harm comes to him, you will bring down my gray hair with sorrow to Sheol.’” or “Your servant my father told us that we knew that his wife had borne him two sons. One of them went out from him, and he said that surely that son had been torn in pieces, and he has not seen him since. He then said that if we also took this one from him, and harm came to him, we would bring down his gray hair with sorrow to Sheol.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
3254	44:29	lty3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Something bad happening to a person is spoken of as if “harm” were something that travels and comes to a person. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3255	44:29	vh67	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	To “bring down … to Sheol” is way of saying they will cause him to die and go to Sheol. He uses the word “down” because it was commonly believed Sheol is somewhere underground. Alternate translation: “then you will cause me, an old man, to die of sorrow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3256	44:29	ka8u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	This stands for Jacob and emphasizes his old age. Alternate translation: “me, an old man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3257	44:30	g959		This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
3258	44:30	u459	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	Judah begins to describe to Joseph a realistic but hypothetical case of what he will expect will happen to Jacob when he returns without Benjamin. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
3259	44:30	xk9l		Here “come” can be translated as “go” or “return.”
3260	44:30	l7ey		“the boy is not with us”
3261	44:30	ap7n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The father saying he would die if his son died is spoken of as if their two lives were physically bound together. Alternate translation: “since he said he would die if the boy did not come back” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3262	44:31	l65e		Judah finishes describing to Joseph the realistic but hypothetical case that began with the words “therefore, when I come” in verse 30.
3263	44:31	w4hu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	Judah finishes describing to Joseph the realistic but hypothetical case that began with the words “therefore, when I come” in verse 30. This is what he expects will happen to Jacob when he returns without Benjamin. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
3264	44:31	um5q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo	Judah is speaking about a hypothetical case in the future as if it would certainly happen. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])
3265	44:31	nfb5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	To “bring down … to Sheol” is way of saying they will cause him to die and go to Sheol. He uses the word “down” because it was commonly believed Sheol is somewhere underground. Alternate translation: “And we will have caused our old father to die of sorrow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3266	44:31	kn4x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Judah refers to himself and his brothers as “your servants.” This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: “And we, your servants” or “And we” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3267	44:31	sx7q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “gray hair” stands for Jacob and emphasizes his old age. Alternate translation: “our old father” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3268	44:32	j35u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “guarantee” can be stated with the verb “promised.” Alternate translation: “For I promised my father concerning the boy” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3269	44:32	uz64	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Judah refers to himself as “your servant.” Alternate translation: “For I, your servant” or “For I” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3270	44:32	ks1n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Being considered guilty is spoken of as if “guilt” were something that a person carries. Alternate translation: “then my father may blame me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3271	44:33	liw2		This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
3272	44:33	u7sg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Judah refers to himself as “your servant.” This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: “let me, your servant” or “let me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3273	44:33	vk2u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Judah refers to Joseph as “my master.” Alternate translation: “to you, my master” or “to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3274	44:33	utg6		It was going to use the phrase “go up” when speaking about traveling from Egypt to Canaan.
3275	44:34	p2qk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Judah uses a question to emphasize the grief he would have if Benjamin did not return home. Alternate translation: “I cannot return to my father if the boy is not with me.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3276	44:34	v8ma	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	A person suffering terribly is spoken of as if “evil” were a thing that comes upon a person. Alternate translation: “I am afraid to see how much my father would suffer” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3277	45:intro	rm1s		Genesis 45 General Notes Structure and formatting Joseph finally reveals himself to his brothers in this chapter. This chapter forms the conclusion of the story which began in chapter 43. Special concepts in this chapter God’s power The account of Joseph focuses on the power of God. God is able to protect his people despite the evil actions of some. He also is able to continue to bless them despite their circumstances. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) Joseph’s character Genesis just recorded a period of time where Joseph’s ancestors and brothers struggled with sin. Joseph’s character in this chapter is upright. It gained him great favor in the eyes of Pharaoh and helped to save his people. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])
3278	45:1	mrg5		This means he could not control his emotions. It can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “was about to start crying”
3279	45:1	rt15		“near him”
3280	45:2	f3np	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “house” stands for the people in the Pharaoh’s palace. Alternate translation: “everyone in Pharaoh’s palace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3281	45:3	kf33		“terrified of him”
3282	45:4	lxs5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The meaning can be stated more explicitly. Alternate translation: “whom you sold as a slave to the trader who brought me to Egypt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3283	45:5	v699		“do not be upset” or “do not be distressed”
3284	45:5	umb9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The meaning can be stated more explicitly. Alternate translation: “that you sold me as a slave and sent me here to Egypt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3285	45:5	ir3i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “life” stands for the people that Joseph saved from dying during the famine. Alternate translation: “so I could save many lives” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3286	45:6	zig1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	“there will be five more years without planting or harvesting.” Here “neither plowing nor harvest” stands for the fact that the crops still will not grow because of the famine. Alternate translation: “and the famine will last five more years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3287	45:7	jf2m		“so that you and your families would not completely perish from the earth” or “to make sure your descendants would survive”
3288	45:7	t199	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “deliverance” can be stated as “rescuing.” Alternate translation: “to keep you alive by rescuing you in a mighty way” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3289	45:8	p1lr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Joseph advising and helping Pharaoh is spoken of as if Joseph were Pharaoh’s father. Alternate translation: “he has made me a guide to Pharaoh” or “he has made me the chief adviser to Pharaoh” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3290	45:8	kca3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “house” stands for the people who live in his palace. Alternate translation: “of all his household” or “of all his palace” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3291	45:8	ca6l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “land” stands for the people. Alternate translation: “ruler over all the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3292	45:8	lzu8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Here Joseph means that he is ruler in second place to Pharaoh, the king of Egypt. This understood information can be made clear. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3293	45:9	k6hq		This is the beginning of a three-level quotation.
3294	45:9	yy9l		It was common to use the phrase “go up” when speaking about going from Egypt to Canaan. Alternate translation: “go back to my father”
3295	45:9	sv9l		It was common to use the phrase “come down” when speaking about going from Canaan to Egypt. Alternate translation: “Come here to me”
3296	45:10	k7g4		The three-level quotation that began in verse 9 continues here.
3297	45:11	igl7		The three-level quotation that began in verse 9 ends here.
3298	45:11	y695		The three-level quotation that began with the words “say to him” in verse 9 ends here. You may need to reduce the number of levels by making some levels indirect quotes. “say to him that his son Joseph says that God has made him master of all Egypt, so he must go down to Joseph and not delay. He will live in the land of Goshen, and he will be near Joseph, he and his children and his children’s children, and his flocks and his herds, and all that he has. Joseph will provide for him there, for there are still five years of famine, so that he does not come to poverty, him, his household, and all that he has.” or “say to him, ‘Your son Joseph says that God has made him master of all Egypt, so he must go down to Joseph and not delay. He will live in the land of Goshen, and he will be near Joseph, he and his children and his children’s children, and his flocks and his herds, and all that he has. Joseph will provide for him there, for there are still five years of famine, so that he does not come to poverty, him, his household, and all that he has.’”
3299	45:11	ez8a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks about “poverty” as if it were a destination. Alternate translation: “waste away” or “starve” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3300	45:12	xp38	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	The word “eyes” stands for the entire person. Alternate translation: “All of you and Benjamin can see” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3301	45:12	zli9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	The word “mouth” stands for the entire person. Alternate translation: “that I, Joseph, am speaking to you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3302	45:13	azs1		“how the people in Egypt greatly honor me”
3303	45:13	s2cn		It was common to use the word “down” when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt. Alternate translation: “my father here to me”
3304	45:14	dzy6		“Joseph hugged his brother Benjamin, and they both wept”
3305	45:15	j5kf		In ancient Near East, it is common to greet a relative with a kiss. If your language has an affectionate greeting for a relative, use that. If not, use what is appropriate.
3306	45:15	ups2		This means Joseph was crying while he kissed them.
3307	45:15	fi2x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Earlier they were too afraid to speak. Now they feel they can speak freely. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “After that his brothers talked freely with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3308	45:16	w82u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. It may also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Everyone in Pharaoh’s palace heard that Joseph’s brothers had come.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3309	45:16	m3aj		This stands for Pharaoh’s palace.
3310	45:17	yz9e		This is the beginning of a two-level quotation.
3311	45:18	t6en		The two-level quotation that began in verse 17 ends here.
3312	45:18	gql9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	The two-level quotation that began in verse 17 ends here. This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. “Pharaoh told Joseph to tell his brothers, ‘Do this: Load your animals and go to the land of Canaan. Get your father and your households and come to me. I will give you the good of the land of Egypt, and you will eat the fat of the land.’” or “Pharaoh to Joseph to tell his brothers to do this: to load their animals and go to the land of Canaan, and also to get their father and their households and go to him. Pharaoh would give them the good of the land of Egypt, and they would eat the fat of the land.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
3313	45:18	dd6i		“I will give you the best land in Egypt”
3314	45:18	hwn3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The best food that a land produces is spoken of as if it were the fat portion of the land. Alternate translation: “you will eat the best food in the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3315	45:19	sm78		Pharaoh continues to tell Joseph what to tell his brothers.
3316	45:19	qce4		This is the beginning of a two-level quotation.
3317	45:19	ua9u		This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
3318	45:19	t1m6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. You may also need to add the words “to tell them,” which the writer left out of this ellipsis. Alternate translation: “I also command you to tell them” or “also tell them” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3319	45:19	n72f		“Carts” are wagons with two or four wheels. Animals pull the carts.
3320	45:20	sdl7		The two-level quote that began in verse 19 ends here.
3321	45:20	v1pm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	The two-level quote that began in verse 19 ends here. This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. “Now you are commanded to tell them to take carts out of the land of Egypt for their children and for their wives, to get their father, and to come. They are not to be concerned about their possessions, for the good of all the land of Egypt will be theirs.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
3322	45:21	xs2g		“gave them what they needed for traveling”
3323	45:22	g75s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	Each man received a set of clothes except for Benjamin who received 5 sets of clothes. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3324	45:22	p9qe	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“300 pieces” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3325	45:23	rt4v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The donkeys were included as part of the gift. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3326	45:24	idu3		Possible meanings include (1) “do not argue” and (2) “do not become afraid”
3327	45:25	wlf6		It was common to use the word “up” when speaking of traveling from Egypt to Canaan.
3328	45:26	z3lq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “land of Egypt” stands for the people of Egypt. Alternate translation: “he rules all the people of Egypt” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3329	45:26	ry8a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “heart” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “and he was astonished” or “he was very surprised” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3330	45:26	vye7		“he did not accept that what they said was true”
3331	45:27	mhh3		“They told Jacob”
3332	45:27	sa3u		“everything that Joseph had said to them”
3333	45:27	w59p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	The word “spirit” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “Jacob their father recovered” or “Jacob their father became very excited” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3334	46:intro	x4fu		Genesis 46 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Going to Egypt Yahweh allowed Israel to go to Egypt. He was to trust in Yahweh and his covenant faithfulness. God continued to bless them in Egypt. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/covenantfaith]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]]) Shepherds Because of the regular flooding of the Nile River, Egypt’s economy revolved around farming more than raising animals. Therefore, the Egyptians despised the nomadic lifestyle of shepherds. Joseph’s instructions permitted the Hebrew people to live separately from the Egyptians.
3335	46:1	wwd6		“came to Beersheba”
3336	46:2	kz9s		“Yes, I am listening”
3337	46:3	cmw1		It was common to use the phrase “go down” when speaking of traveling from Canaan to Egypt.
3338	46:3	p7pd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	The “you” is singular and refers to Jacob. Here Jacob refers to his descendants that will become a large nation. Alternate translation: “I will give you many descendants, and they will become a great nation” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3339	46:4	swu1		“to Egypt”
3340	46:4	iy6p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	The promise was made to Jacob, but the promise would be fulfilled to all of Israel’s descendants. Alternate translation: “I will surely bring your descendants out of Egypt again” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-you]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3341	46:4	fyu6		It was common to use the word “up” when speaking about traveling from Egypt to Canaan.
3342	46:4	ai3x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The phrase “close you eyes with his own hand” is a way of saying that Joseph will be present when Israel dies and it will be Joseph who will close Jacob’s eyelids at the time of his death. Alternate translation: “Joseph will even be present with you at the time of your death” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3343	46:4	tf56	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It was a custom to pull down the eyelids when a person died with their eyes open. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3344	46:5	x9d6		“set out from”
3345	46:5	ajk2		“Carts” are wagons with two or four wheels. Animals pull the carts. See how you translated “carts” in Genesis 45:19.
3346	46:6	vyr2		“they had acquired” or “they had gained”
3347	46:7	ej4h		“Jacob brought with him”
3348	46:7	ebv8		“his grandsons”
3349	46:7	t8ch		“his granddaughters”
3350	46:8	fk8r		This refers to the names of the people that the author is about to list.
3351	46:8	q7m9		“of Israel’s family members”
3352	46:9	t2t8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3353	46:10	k7n8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3354	46:11	w95q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3355	46:12	da1j		These were the sons of Judah by his wife, Shua. See how you translated these names in Genesis 38:3-5.
3356	46:12	ez5z		These were the sons of Judah by his daughter-in-law, Tamar. See how you translated these names in Genesis 38:29-30.
3357	46:12	lq9w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3358	46:13	fpn8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3359	46:14	irx9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are all names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3360	46:15	qn3g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of Leah’s daughter. See how you translated this name in Genesis 30:21. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3361	46:15	qz75	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	Here “sons” and “daughters” refer to Jacob’s sons, daughters, and grandchildren related to Leah. Alternate translation: “Altogether he had 33 sons, daughters, and grandchildren” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3362	46:16	w97z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3363	46:17	zz1x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3364	46:17	awy7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3365	46:18	bi7q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of Leah’s female servant. See how you translated this name in Genesis 29:24. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3366	46:18	d1ie	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	This refers to 16 children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren that were related to Zilpah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3367	46:20	gd14	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	a woman’s name. See how you translated this in Genesis 41:45. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3368	46:20	au9x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	a man’s name. See how you translated this in Genesis 41:45. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3369	46:20	g9su	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	On is a city, also called Heliopolis, which was “the City of the Sun” and the center of worship of the sun god Ra. See how you translated this in Genesis 41:45. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3370	46:21	w67p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3371	46:22	t8z2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	This refers to the 14 sons and grandsons related to Rachel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3372	46:23	gq68	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3373	46:24	pij4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3374	46:25	d3s4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of Rachel’s female servant. See how you translated this name in Genesis 29:29. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3375	46:25	x6pw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	This refers to the 7 children and grandchildren related to Bilhah. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3376	46:26	k6c4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“66” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3377	46:27	pe1k	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“70” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3378	46:28	af76		“to show them the way to Goshen”
3379	46:29	nna1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Joseph” stands for his servants. Alternate translation: “Joseph’s servants prepared his chariot and Joseph went up” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3380	46:29	r3s4		The phrase “went up” is used because Joseph is traveling to a higher elevation to meet his father. Alternate translation: “went to meet Israel”
3381	46:29	ju8s		“put his arms around his father, and wept for a long time”
3382	46:30	wty1		“Now I am ready to die” or “Now I will die happy”
3383	46:30	b5zk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “face” stands for the entire person. Jacob was expressing joy at seeing Joseph. Alternate translation: “since I have seen you alive again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3384	46:31	k2gt		This is the beginning of a two-level quotation.
3385	46:31	nvk6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “house” stands for his family. Alternate translation: “his father’s family” or “his father’s household” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3386	46:31	n1ch		It was common to use the phrase “go up” when referring to someone going to speak with someone with greater authority. Alternate translation: “I will go tell Pharaoh”
3387	46:32	j12e		The two-level quotation that began in verse 31 ends here.
3388	46:32	vgd7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	The two-level quotation that began with the words “I will go up” in verse 31 ends here. This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “I will go up and tell Pharaoh and say that my brothers and my father’s house, who were in the land of Canaan, have come to me. I will tell him that the men are shepherds, for they have been keepers of livestock, and that they have brought their flocks, their herds, and all that they have.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
3389	46:33	j1xj		This is the beginning of a two-level quotation.
3390	46:33	ef4p		This phrase is used here to mark an important event that is about to happen in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
3391	46:34	nwi4		The two-level quotation that began in verse 33 ends here.
3392	46:34	c7ig	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	The two-level quotation that began with the words “when Pharaoh … asks” in verse 33 ends here. This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. “when Pharaoh … asks what your occupation is, that you should say that you have been keepers of livestock from your youth until now, both you and your forefathers. Do this” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
3393	46:34	q7bk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Joseph’s family are to refer to themselves as “your servants” when they speak to Pharaoh. This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. It can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: “We, your servants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3394	46:34	ic29	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract noun “abomination” can be translated with the adjective “disgusting.” Alternate translation: “Egyptians think shepherds are disgusting” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3395	47:intro	ep9j		Genesis 47 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Abrahamic covenant Part of the Abrahamic covenant was that Yahweh would bless those who bless Abraham’s descendants. Since Pharaoh cared for the Hebrew people, Yahweh blessed the Egyptians while the Hebrew people lived in Egypt. The Hebrew people also multiplied greatly as this covenant promised. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]]) Jacob was not buried in Egypt In the ancient Near east, a person was typically buried in their hometown. Since Egypt was not the Israelites’ home, Jacob did not wish to be buried in Egypt. This was a lesson to the Israelites that Canaan was their true home, the promised land. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])
3396	47:1	lup6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events	It is not clear whether Joseph went with his father and family from Canaan to Goshen and then alone from Goshen to see the Pharaoh, back to Goshen for his five brothers, and then back to Pharaoh, as the ULT implies, or whether he brought the five brothers with him the first time he went from Goshen to Pharaoh, as the UST states. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
3397	47:2	p3cm	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events	It is not clear whether Joseph went with his father and family from Canaan to Goshen and then alone from Goshen to see the Pharaoh, back to Goshen for his five brothers, and then back to Pharaoh, as the ULT implies, or whether he brought the five brothers with him the first time he went from Goshen to Pharaoh, as the UST states. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
3398	47:3	k8ea		“Your servants shepherd flocks”
3399	47:3	ybw3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Joseph’s brothers refer to themselves as “your servants.” This is a formal way of speaking to someone with more authority. This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “We, your servants” or “We” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3400	47:3	acn2		“both we and our forefathers” or “both we and our ancestors”
3401	47:4	a2nh		“We have come to stay for a while in Egypt”
3402	47:4	ehv5		“There is no grass to eat”
3403	47:4	s7ih		This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
3404	47:6	c9gx		“The land of Egypt is open to you” or “All of the land of Egypt is available to you”
3405	47:6	ur7y		“Settle your father and your brothers in the land of Goshen, which is the best region”
3406	47:6	u42c	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It is implied that they are capable of taking care of animals. Alternate translation: “If you know of any men among them who have great skill taking care of animals” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3407	47:7	s3k5		Here “blessed” means to express a desire for positive and beneficial things to happen to that person.
3408	47:8	wx65		“How old are you?”
3409	47:9	vqc7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	The phrase “years of my travels” refers to how long he has lived on the earth traveling from one place to another. Alternate translation: “I have traveled on the earth for 130 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3410	47:9	tu4s		Jacob means his life is short compared to the lives of Abraham and Isaac.
3411	47:9	ak8x		Jacob has experienced much pain and trouble during his life.
3412	47:11	mzq5		“Then Joseph took care of his father and his brothers and helped them establish where they would live”
3413	47:11	qaf9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is another name for the land of Goshen. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3414	47:12	jgf9		Here, the word “dependents” means the small children in the family. Alternate translation: “according to how many small children were in their families”
3415	47:13	yc6d		This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author starts to tell a new part of the story.
3416	47:13	kw4v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This refers to the people living in these lands. Alternate translation: “The people of Egypt and the people of Canaan” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3417	47:13	gtx9		“became thin and weak”
3418	47:14	a79v		“The people of Egypt and Canaan spent all of their money buying grain from Joseph”
3419	47:14	u1kv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Most likely Joseph ordered his servants to gather and bring the money. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3420	47:15	z2fn	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “lands” stands for the people who live in the lands. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When the people of Egypt and Canaan used up all their money” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3421	47:15	qiu6		“from the land of Egypt and from the land of Canaan”
3422	47:15	p8d8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	The people used a question to emphasize how desperate they are to buy food. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Please, do not let us die because we have used up all of our money!” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3423	47:17	f7im	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “bread” stands for food in general. Alternate translation: “He gave them food” or “He provided them with food” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3424	47:18	l3sq		“the people came to Joseph”
3425	47:18	q8xj	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	The people refer to Joseph as “my master.” This is a formal way of speaking to someone with greater authority. It can be stated in second person. Alternate translation: “We will not hide from you, our master” or “We will not hide from you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3426	47:18	vl3p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “sight” stands for Joseph himself. Alternate translation: “We have nothing left to give you, our master” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3427	47:19	alz2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “eyes” refers to Joseph’s sight. The people use a question to emphasize how desperate they are to buy food. This question can be translated as a statement. Alternate translation: “Please do not just watch as we die and our land is ruined!” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3428	47:19	xwc1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	The land becomes useless and ruined because there is no seed to plant; thus it is spoken of as if the land would die. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3429	47:20	m6pl		“So the land became Pharaoh’s”
3430	47:22	my2p		“But he did not buy the land of the priests”
3431	47:22	n3w1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	An “allowance” is an amount of money or food that someone regularly gives to another person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “Pharaoh gave the priests a certain amount of food each day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3432	47:22	c3vq		“They ate from what Pharaoh gave them”
3433	47:23	g4ki		“that you might sow”
3434	47:24	m3xp	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction	The word “fifth” is a fraction. Alternate translation: “At harvest time you will divide the crops into five parts. You will give one part back to Pharaoh for payment and the four parts are for your own” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-fraction]])
3435	47:24	qd1p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	You can state clearly the understood information. Alternate translation: “for food for your households and for food for your children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3436	47:25	m8l5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The phrase “find favor” is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “May you be pleased with us” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3437	47:26	rb65		“over the land of Egypt” or “throughout the land of Egypt”
3438	47:26	k76z		This means to the time that the author was writing this.
3439	47:26	e9nv		See how you translated “a fifth” in Genesis 47:24.
3440	47:27	w2lx	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The word “multiplied” explains how they were “fruitful.” Alternate translation: “They had very many children” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
3441	47:27	jw6i	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here “fruitful” means to prosper or to have children. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3442	47:28	d2ji	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“17 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3443	47:28	cq8w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“so Jacob lived to be 147 years old” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3444	47:29	h7ri	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks about time as if it travels and comes to a place. Alternate translation: “When it was almost time for Israel to die” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3445	47:29	p6yl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “eyes” is a metonym for sight, and “sight” stands for thoughts or opinions. Alternate translation: “If I have found favor with you” or “If I have pleased you” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3446	47:29	zwh5		This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
3447	47:29	utx5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This means that someone is approved of by someone else. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3448	47:29	sfx8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	This act is a sign of making a serious promise. See how you translated this in Genesis 24:2. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3449	47:29	a37l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns	The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “treat me in a faithful and trustworthy manner” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])
3450	47:29	u82i		The word “please” adds emphasis to this request.
3451	47:30	mbz5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Here “sleep” is a polite way to refer to dying. Alternate translation: “When I die and join my family members who died before me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
3452	47:31	pw9e		“Promise me” or “Make an oath to me”
3453	47:31	p35p		“promised him” or “made an oath to him”
3454	48:intro	sm2c		Genesis 48 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 48:15-16, and in 58:20. Special concepts in this chapter Blessing The blessing of Jacob is given to Joseph, and his sons Manasseh and Ephraim. It is probably distinct from inheriting the promises Yahweh gave to Abraham because Scripture talks about all of Israel’s descendants inheriting those promises. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])
3455	48:1	fzl8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent	This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])
3456	48:1	th1g		“someone said to Joseph”
3457	48:1	ncd4		“Listen, your father.” Here the word “look” is used to get Joseph’s attention.
3458	48:1	haa1		“So Joseph took”
3459	48:2	jt59	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “When someone told Jacob” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3460	48:2	q2vl		“your son Joseph has come to you”
3461	48:2	pyg7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here the author speaks of Israel struggling to sit up in bed as if he were gathering “strength” as someone gathers actual things. Alternate translation: “Israel made a great effort to sit up in bed” or “Israel struggled as he sat up in bed” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3462	48:3	fs4l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a city. See how you translated the name of this city in Genesis 28:19. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3463	48:3	p7zc		This can be translated with the new sentence starting in a different place. Alternate translation: “in the land of Canaan, and he blessed me”
3464	48:3	ctg7		This refers to God pronouncing a formal blessing on someone.
3465	48:4	llq8		This can be translated with the new sentence starting in a different place. Alternate translation: “And he said to me”
3466	48:4	a6k7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “said to me that he would make me fruitful and multiply me. And, he said that he would make me an assembly of nations and he would give this land to my descendants as an everlasting possession.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
3467	48:4	j6vg		God used the word “behold” here to alert Jacob to pay attention to what he was about to tell him.
3468	48:4	j6ua	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet	The phrase “multiply you” explains how God would make Jacob “fruitful.” Alternate translation: “I will give you very many descendants” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3469	48:4	u2iy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “you” refers to Jacob, but it stands for Jacob’s descendants. Alternate translation: “I will make your descendants into many nations” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3470	48:4	nwj2		“a permanent possession”
3471	48:5	xs2x		This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
3472	48:5	y3v7		Ephraim and Manasseh each will receive a portion of land just like Joseph’s brothers.
3473	48:6	a5iu		Possible meanings are (1) the rest of Joseph’s children would inherit land as part of the tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh or (2) Joseph will be given separate land from Ephraim and Manasseh and Joseph’s other children will inherit that land. Alternate translation: “as for their inheritance, you will list them under the names of their brothers”
3474	48:7	kg2u		This is another name for the town of Bethlehem. See how you translated the name of this city in Genesis 35:16.
3475	48:8	drw1		“Whose sons are these?”
3476	48:9	dr78		A father would often pronounce a formal blessing on his children or grandchildren.
3477	48:10	k75z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background	The word “Now” is used here to mark a change from the story to background information about Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
3478	48:10	t7x3		“Israel kissed them”
3479	48:11	jtm9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “face” stands for the whole person. Alternate translation: “to see you again” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3480	48:12	ne7g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	When Joseph placed his sons on Israel’s lap or knees it was a sign that Israel was adopting them. This gave the children special inheritance rights from Jacob. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3481	48:12	sca4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	Joseph bowed down to show honor to his father. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3482	48:13	fgl8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	Joseph places the boys so that Israel will put his right hand on Manasseh. Manasseh was the oldest brother and the right hand was the sign he would receive the greater blessing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3483	48:14	fm1u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	Placing the right hand on Ephraim’s head was the sign that he would receive the greater blessing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3484	48:15	g5ng	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “Joseph” also stands for Ephraim and Manasseh. Since Joseph is the father, he is the only one mentioned here. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3485	48:15	nw5z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Serving God is spoken of as if it were walking before God. Alternate translation: “The God who my grandfather Abraham and father Isaac served” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3486	48:15	r9ve	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	God has taken care of Israel like a shepherd takes care of his sheep. Alternate translation: “who has cared for me like a shepherd cares for his animals” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3487	48:16	hs6i		Possible meanings are (1) this refers to the angel that God sent to protect Jacob or (2) this refers to God who appeared in angel form to protect Jacob.
3488	48:16	i8qg		“delivered me”
3489	48:16	dd6n	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “name” stands for the person. The phrase “my name be named in them” is an idiom that means a person is remembered because of another person. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “May people remember Abraham, Isaac, and me because of Ephraim and Manasseh” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3490	48:16	tm7y	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “they” refers to Ephraim and Manasseh, but it stands for their descendants. Alternate translation: “May they have many descendants who will live all over the earth” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3491	48:18	bj69	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	The right hand was the sign of the greater blessing which the oldest son was supposed to receive. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3492	48:19	utt2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “He” refers to Manasseh, but it stands for his descendants. Alternate translation: “Your older son will have many descendants, and they will become a great people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3493	48:20	bb6k		“that day, saying”
3494	48:20	ip5g		“The people of Israel will speak your names when they are blessing others”
3495	48:20	vs1f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	This is a quotation within a quotation. It can be stated as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “by your names. They will ask God to make others like Ephraim and like Manasseh” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
3496	48:20	aaz4		Israel saying Ephraim’s name first is another way he indicates that Ephraim will be greater than Manasseh.
3497	48:20	py5z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Giving Ephraim the greater blessing and making him more important than Manasseh is spoken of as if Israel physically put Ephraim in front of Manasseh. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3498	48:21	vk8j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	Here “you” and “your” are plural and refer to all the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
3499	48:21	p9kl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is an idiom that means God will help and bless the people of Israel. Alternate translation: “God will help you” or “God will bless you” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3500	48:21	ild4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go	Here “bring” can be translated as “take.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go]])
3501	48:21	w4x7		“land of your ancestors”
3502	48:22	m9zy	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Possible meanings are (1) Joseph having more honor and authority than his brothers is spoken of as if he were physically above them. Alternate translation: “To you, who is greater than your brothers, I give the mountain slope” or (2) Jacob means he is giving more land to Joseph than he is giving to Joseph’s brothers. Alternate translation: “To you, I give one more ridge than I give your brothers. I give to you the mountain slope” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3503	48:22	e2r2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you	Here “you” is singular and refers to Joseph. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])
3504	48:22	q143	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “sword” and “bow” stands for fighting in battle. Alternate translation: “the portion of land I fought for and took from the Amorites” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3505	49:intro	lp3i		Genesis 49 General Notes Structure and formatting Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 49:1-27. Special concepts in this chapter Prophecies These statements made by Jacob to his sons are probably prophecies. These prophecies are concerned with the descendants of each of Jacob’s sons who would become the twelve tribes of Israel. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter “The scepter will not depart from Judah” This prophecy indicates Judah will be the ruling tribe of Israel. The future kings of Israel all come from the tribe of Judah. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) “I buried Leah” Since Moses wrote the book of Genesis, this is an editorial comment he makes in the text as the narrator.
3506	49:1	zs4v	rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry	This begins Jacob’s final blessings to his sons. This continues through Genesis 49:27. Jacob’s blessings are written in poetic form. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])
3507	49:2	n3y4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Both sentences say the same thing for emphasis. Alternate translation: “Come and listen carefully to your father” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3508	49:2	j4es	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	Jacob is referring to himself in the third person. It can be stated in the first person. Alternate translation: “my sons. Listen to me, your father” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3509	49:3	n7ub	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	The phrases “my firstborn, my might” and “the beginning of my strength” mean the same thing. The words “might” and “strength” stand for Jacob’s ability to produce children. The words “firstborn” and “beginning” mean that Reuben is his first child. Alternate translation: “my first child after I became a man” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3510	49:3	s34g		This can be stated as a new sentence. Alternate translation: “You are first in honor and power” or “You surpass everyone else in honor and power”
3511	49:4	ch7w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Jacob compares Reuben to water in a strong current to emphasize that he cannot control his anger and he is not stable. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3512	49:4	n314		“you shall not be first among your brothers”
3513	49:4	cbc3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “bed” and “couch” stand for Jacob’s concubine, Bilhah. Jacob is referring to when Reuben slept with Bilhah (Genesis 35:22). Alternate translation: “because you went to my bed and slept with Bilhah my concubine. You have shamed me” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3514	49:4	r7nh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Both statements mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3515	49:5	lxj9		This does not just mean they are brothers by birth. Jacob is emphasizing that they worked together to kill the people of Shechem.
3516	49:5	xhz7		“They use their swords to hurt and to kill people”
3517	49:6	p25e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Jacob uses the words “soul” and “heart” to refer to himself and is saying that other people, and perhaps God also, honor him so much that he does not wish to join with those who make plans to do evil. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3518	49:6	dh2g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Jacob combines them to emphasize that he does not want to participate in their wicked plans. Alternate translation: “I certainly will not join with them to make any plans” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3519	49:6	mfx3		This refers to Simeon and Levi crippling oxen just for fun.
3520	49:6	m9vp		This refers to cutting the sinews of an animal’s leg so that it cannot walk.
3521	49:7	t851	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	God cursing Simeon and Levi is spoken of as if God were cursing their anger and fury. This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The Lord says, ‘I will curse them because of their fierce anger and their cruel fury” or “I, the Lord, will curse them because of their fierce anger and their cruel fury” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3522	49:7	e2ns		In prophecy, the prophet will often speak the words of God as if God himself were speaking. This emphasizes how closely united the prophet and God are.
3523	49:7	vx1u	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis	The words “I will curse” are understood. Alternate translation: “I will curse their fury, for it was cruel” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis]])
3524	49:7	bl42	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The word “I” refers to God. The word “them” refers to Simeon and Levi but they are a metonym standing for their descendants. The words “Jacob” and “Israel” are a metonym standing for all people of Israel. Alternate translation: “I will divide their descendants and scatter them among all the people of Israel” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3525	49:8	lk4j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	These two statements mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3526	49:8	n457	rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases	The second sentence states the reason for the first sentence. This can be made clear with “for” or “because.” Alternate translation: “will praise you. For your hand” or “will praise you because your hand” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases]])
3527	49:8	al75	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This is a way of saying “You will conquer your enemies.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3528	49:8	yjj7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	This means to bend over to humbly express respect and honor toward someone. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3529	49:9	f58g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jacob speaks about Judah as if he were a lion’s cub. Jacob is emphasizing Judah’s strength. Alternate translation: “Judah is like a young lion” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3530	49:9	hzl6		“You, my son, have come back from eating your prey”
3531	49:9	tf4l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	Jacob also compares Judah to a female lion. The lioness is the primary hunter and protector of her cubs. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])
3532	49:9	xsu7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Jacob uses a question to emphasize how terrifying Judah is to other people. Alternate translation: “No one wants to wake him up.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3533	49:10	eev8	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The “scepter” and the “staff” are long decorated sticks that kings carried. Here they are metonymies that stand for the power to rule. And, “Judah” stands for his descendants. Alternate translation: “The power to rule will always be with the descendants of Judah” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
3534	49:10	p8q1		Possible meanings are (1) “Shiloh” means “tribute.” Alternate translation: “until the nations obey him and bring him tribute” or (2) “Shiloh” refers to the city of Shiloh. Alternate translation: “until the ruler comes to Shiloh. Then the nations will obey him” Many people consider this a prophecy about the Messiah, who is a descendant of King David. David is a descendant of Judah.
3535	49:10	i8y2	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “nations” refer to the people. Alternate translation: “The people of the nations will obey him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3536	49:11	bgs1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Both statements mean the same thing. It is implied that the vines are so full of grapes that the master does not mind that his donkey eats some of them. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3537	49:11	h3ji		Possible meanings for all occurrences of “his” or “he” are (1) they refer to Judah’s descendants. Alternate translation: “their … they” or (2) they refer to the ruler in Genesis 49:10, which may refer to the Messiah.
3538	49:11	m97e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism	Both statements mean the same thing. It implies that there are so many grapes that they can wash their clothes in the juice. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3539	49:11	g59h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture	Often in prophecy events that will happen in the future are described as something that has already happened in the past. This emphasizes that this event will certainly happen. Alternate translation: “they will wash” or “he will wash” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-pastforfuture]])
3540	49:11	c5rw	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	This speaks about the grape juice as if it were blood. This emphasizes how red the juice is. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3541	49:12	y4wg	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	This refers to the color of a person’s eyes to the red color of wine. Possible meanings are (1) dark eyes imply healthy eyes or (2) people eyes will be red from drinking too much of wine. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3542	49:12	va4p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile	This compare the color of the person’s teeth to the white color of milk. This implies that there will be so many healthy cows they will have much milk to drink. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3543	49:13	d53q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	This refers to the descendants of Zebulun. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Zebulun will live” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3544	49:13	jb4b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “He” stands for sea towns that the people of Zebulun will inhabit or build. These cities will provide shelter for ships. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3545	49:13	rl71		a part of the sea that is next to land and is a safe place for ships
3546	49:14	v1n4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jacob speaks about Issachar and his descendants as if they are a donkey. This emphasizes that they will work very hard. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Issachar will be like a strong donkey” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3547	49:14	yd1r		Often in prophecy events that will happen in the future are described as something that is already happening. This emphasizes that the event will certainly happen. It can be stated in the future tense. Alternate translation: “Issachar will be” or “The descendants of Issachar will be”
3548	49:14	n39a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Possible meanings are (1) “lying down between the packs they were carrying” or (2) “lying down between two sheep pens.” Either way, Jacob speaks about Issachar’s descendants as if they are donkeys that have worked hard and are lying down to rest. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3549	49:15	u9r3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	These words refer to the descendants of Issachar (verse 14). Alternate translation: “They see … They will” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3550	49:15	fp1p		“a resting place that is good and that the land is pleasant”
3551	49:15	r8tu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The phrase “bend his shoulder to the burden” is a way of saying “work very hard to carry the load” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3552	49:15	vc3z		“will work for others as slaves”
3553	49:16	p8vr	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Dan” stands for his descendants. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Dan will judge their people” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3554	49:16	qup4		Possible meanings for “his people” are (1) “the people of Dan” or (2) “the people of Israel”
3555	49:17	wp5h	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jacob speaks about Dan and his descendants as if they were snakes. Though a snake is small, it can bring down a rider off his horse. So Dan, though a small tribe, is very dangerous to its enemies. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Dan will be like a snake beside the road” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3556	49:18	b7p5		The abstract noun “salvation” can be translated as “save.” Alternate translation: “I wait for you, Yahweh, to save me”
3557	49:18	z88u		The word “I” refers to Jacob.
3558	49:19	c2sc	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Gad” stands for his descendants. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Gad … attack them, but they” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3559	49:19	m5nv	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “heels” stands for the raiders who are running away from the descendants of Gad. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3560	49:20	v9mh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Asher” stands for his descendants. Alternate translation: “Asher’s descendants’ food … and they” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3561	49:20	fx3w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	Here “rich” is a way of saying “delicious.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3562	49:21	y5rq	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Naphtali” stands for his descendants. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Naphtali are … they will” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3563	49:21	tc9d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jacob speaks about the descendants of Naphtali as if they were a female deer that is free to run. This may emphasize that they will be swift messengers. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Naphtali will be like deer set free” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3564	49:21	g69w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	A “fawn” is a baby deer. The meaning of the Hebrew word is unclear. Some versions translate it as “have beautiful words” or “speak beautiful things” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3565	49:22	np8b	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Joseph” is a metonym that stands for his descendants. Jacob speaks about them as if they were a tree branch that produces a lot of fruit. This emphasizes that they will greatly increase in number. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Joseph are a fruitful bough” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3566	49:22	ka7p		a main branch of a tree
3567	49:22	pvd6	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Branches that grow and extend over a wall are spoken of as if they were climbing. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3568	49:24	r5uu		Jacob continues to bless Joseph and his descendants.
3569	49:24	u5f5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The person holding the bow steady is spoken of as if the bow itself will remain steady. It is implied he is holding it steady as he aims at his enemy. Alternate translation: “he will hold his bow steady as he aims at his enemy” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3570	49:24	a3qh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “his” refers to Joseph who stands for his descendants. Alternate translation: “their bow … their hands” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3571	49:24	u5ku	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here the whole person is represented by the “hands” since they are used to hold the bow. Alternate translation: “his arms will remain strong as he aims his bow” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3572	49:24	qq1e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	The “hands” are expressing the power of Yahweh. Alternate translation: “the power of the Mighty One” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3573	49:24	biy5	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “name” refers to the entire person. Alternate translation: “because of the Shepherd” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3574	49:24	u61z	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jacob speak of Yahweh as if he were a “Shepherd.” This emphasizes that Yahweh guides and protects his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3575	49:24	rg4s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jacob speaks of Yahweh as if he were a “Rock” that people can climb upon to find safety from enemies. This emphasizes that Yahweh protects his people. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3576	49:25	x55h		Jacob continues to bless Joseph and his descendants (Genesis 49:22-23).
3577	49:25	hrc4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “you” refers to Joseph who stands for his descendants. Alternate translation: “help your descendants … bless them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3578	49:25	ds53	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “sky” stands for the rain that helps the crops to grow. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3579	49:25	e3jd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “deep” stands for the water underneath the ground that supplies rivers and wells. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3580	49:25	dg7w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “breasts and womb” stand for the ability for a mother to have children and feed them milk. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3581	49:26	gm81		Jacob continues to bless Joseph and his descendants.
3582	49:26	zta3		The meaning of the original language is not certain. Some Bible translations have “my ancestors” instead of “ancient mountains.”
3583	49:26	n5wp		Here “they” refers to the blessings of his father.
3584	49:26	q7ri	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Jacob desires for these blessings to be passed on to even the most important of his descendants. Alternate translation: “on the head of the most important of Joseph’s descendants” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3585	49:26	k1ak		“most important of his brothers”
3586	49:27	bv1t	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “Benjamin” is a metonym that stands for his descendants. Jacob speaks about Benjamin’s descendants as if they were a hungry wolf. This emphasizes that they will be fierce warriors. Alternate translation: “The descendants of Benjamin will be like hungry wolves” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3587	49:28	r8a3		“These” refers to the sons Jacob mentioned in 49:1-27. Each son became the leader of his own tribe.
3588	49:28	lr9f		Here the word “blessed” refers to the speaking of formal blessings.
3589	49:28	jm87		“He gave each son a fitting blessing”
3590	49:29	fvw5		“he commanded them”
3591	49:29	ta6p	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This is a polite way of saying he is about to die. Alternate translation: “I am about to die” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3592	49:29	a84e	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	Jacob is referring to where his inner man will go when he dies. He expects to join Abraham and Isaac in the afterlife. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3593	49:29	gjm3	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a man. “Hittite” means “descendent of Heth.” See how you translated this in Genesis 23:8. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3594	49:30	d85j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Machpelah was the name of an area or region. See how you translated this in Genesis 23:9. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3595	49:30	n89d	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This was another name for the city of Hebron. It may have been named after Mamre, the friend of Abraham who lived there. See how you translated this in Genesis 13:18. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3596	49:31	kz7r		Jacob continues speaking to his sons.
3597	49:32	fac4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	The purchase can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “in it were purchased by Abraham” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3598	49:32	e1hm		“from the Hittites”
3599	49:33	jq2w		“finished instructing his sons” or “finished commanding his sons”
3600	49:33	xwq5		Jacob was sitting on the bed. Now, Jacob turns and puts his feet in the bed so he can lie down.
3601	49:33	m28w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	This is a polite way of saying a person died. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
3602	49:33	p5pu	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	After Jacob died, his inner man went to the same place as his relatives who died before him. (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3603	50:intro	di45		Genesis 50 General Notes Special concepts in this chapter Embalming Embalming was practiced in Egypt on very important people when they died. They removed the liquids from the body then wrapped it in an attempt to preserve the body from decay. Joseph’s character Joseph’s character was so upright that Pharaoh’s officials went with him to Canaan to bury Jacob. This was a very large funeral procession. He also learned lessons from earlier in his life and unified his family. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])
3604	50:1	b6bk	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The term “he collapsed” is an idiom for being overcome. Alternate translation: “that he fell on his father in grief” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3605	50:2	a9rq		“his servants who took care of dead bodies”
3606	50:2	f9rl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism	To “embalm” is a special way of preserving a dead body before it is buried. Alternate translation: “to prepare his father’s body for burial” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])
3607	50:3	k3hl	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“They took 40 days” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3608	50:3	f2gd	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“70 days” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3609	50:4	g586		A three-level quotation is introduced with the words “Joseph spoke … saying.” The second level begins with the words “If now I have found favor in your eyes, please speak to Pharaoh, saying.”
3610	50:4	my64		“days of mourning him” or “days of weeping for him”
3611	50:4	u1ns	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here “house of Pharaoh” stands for the officials that make up Pharaoh’s royal court. Alternate translation: “Joseph spoke to Pharaoh’s officials” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3612	50:4	a4vt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	The phrase “find favor” is an idiom which means to be approved of by someone. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “If I have found favor with you” or “If you are pleased with me” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3613	50:5	id8m		The three-level quotation that began with the words “Joseph spoke … saying” in verse 4 continues. The second level of that quotation, which began with the words “If now I have found favor in your eyes, please speak to Pharaoh, saying” in verse 4 continues.
3614	50:5	lj73	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	This is the second level of the three-level quotation that begins with the words “If now I have” in verse 4. It contains a quote within it. This embedded quote can be translated as an indirect quote. “My father made me swear, saying that he was about to die and that I was to bury him in his tomb that he dug for himself in the land of Canaan. I was to bury him there. Now let me go up … I will return.” The entire second-level quotation can also be translated as an indirect quote. “If now I have found favor in your eyes, please speak to Pharaoh and tell him that my father made me swear, saying that he was about to die and that I was to bury him in his tomb that he dug for himself in the land of Canaan. I was to bury him there. Now let me go up … I will return.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
3615	50:5	ebi8		This is the third level of the three-level quotation that begins with the words “If now I have” in verse 4.
3616	50:5	c9ec		“See, I am dying”
3617	50:5	fsn1		It was common to use the phrase “go up” when speaking of traveling from Egypt to Canaan.
3618	50:6	lw5a	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit	It is implied that the members of the court spoke to Pharaoh, and now Pharaoh is replying to Joseph. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
3619	50:6	r63u		“as you swore to him”
3620	50:7	l6vl		It was common to use the phrase “went up” when speaking of traveling from Egypt to Canaan.
3621	50:7	b8t6		All of Pharaoh’s most important leaders attended the burial procession.
3622	50:7	dt27		Here “household” refers to Pharaoh’s royal court.
3623	50:8	c423	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events	This can be translated as a new sentence: “Joseph’s household, his brothers, and his father’s household also went with him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
3624	50:9	skq7	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	Here this stands for the men riding in the chariots. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3625	50:9	fl9t		“It was a very large gathering”
3626	50:10	g71k		The word “they” refers to the participants in the burial procession.
3627	50:10	b54f	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Possible meanings are (1) the word “Atad” means “thorn” and it may refer to a place where large amounts of thorns grew, or (2) it may be the name of the person who owns the threshing floor. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3628	50:10	d971		“they were extremely sad and they mourned very much”
3629	50:10	p63w	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“a 7-day” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3630	50:11	er7s	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Possible meanings are (1) “on the threshing floor that belonged to a man named Atad” or (2) “in the threshing floor at a place called Atad” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3631	50:11	c318		“The mourning of the Egyptians is very great”
3632	50:11	rj7q	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	The translator can add a footnote that says: “The name Abel Mizraim means “the mourning of Egypt.’” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3633	50:12	fj26		“So Jacob’s sons”
3634	50:12	fj1d		“just as he had directed them”
3635	50:13	xv7j		“His sons took his body”
3636	50:13	wfc9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	Machpela was the name of an area or region. See how you translated this in Genesis 23:9. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3637	50:13	c6qt	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This was another name for the city of Hebron. It may have been named after Mamre, the friend of Abraham who lived there. See how you translated this in Genesis 13:18. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3638	50:13	zfv9	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of a man. “Hittite” means “descendent of Heth.” See how you translated this in Genesis 23:8. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3639	50:14	d43t		“Joseph returned to Egypt”
3640	50:14	jv7b		“all who had come with him”
3641	50:15	dn26	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Here anger is spoken of as if it was something physical that Joseph could hold in his hands. Alternate translation: “What if Joseph is actually still angry with us” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3642	50:15	q73l	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor	Avenging oneself against someone who harmed him is spoken of as if the person were paying they other person what they are owed. Alternate translation: “wants revenge for the evil thing we did to him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
3643	50:16	j5db		A three-level quotation begins with the words “Your father gave.”
3644	50:16	c5nj		Jacob was the father of all the brothers. Here they say “your father” to emphasize that Joseph needs to pay attention to what his father said. Alternate translation: “Before our father died he said”
3645	50:17	dl1v		The three-level quotation that begins with the words “Your father gave” in verse 16 ends here.
3646	50:17	f2jh	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes	The three-level quotation that begins with the words “Your father gave” in verse 16 ends here. This is the second-level quotation, and it contains a third-level quotation that can be stated as an indirect quotation. “Tell Joseph to please forgive your transgression and your sin when you did evil to him.” Both the second- and third-level quotations can be translated as indirect quotations. “Your father instructed us before he died to tell you to please forgive our transgression and our sin when we did evil to you.” (See: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotesinquotes]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-quotations]])
3647	50:17	syf6		“for the wicked things they did to you”
3648	50:17	aq9q		This does not mean “at this moment,” but is used to draw attention to the important point that follows.
3649	50:17	l42j	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person	The brothers are referring to themselves as “the servants of the God of your father.” This can be stated in first person. Alternate translation: “please forgive us, the servants of the God of our father” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])
3650	50:17	lhx9		“Joseph wept when he heard this message”
3651	50:18	j51r	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction	They lay down with their faces toward the ground. This is a sign of humility and respect for Joseph. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
3652	50:19	cg1g	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion	Joseph uses a question to comfort his brothers. Alternate translation: “I am not in the place of God.” or “I am not God.” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])
3653	50:20	b3wy		“you intended to do evil against me”
3654	50:20	wpc2		“God intended it for good”
3655	50:21	e3i8		“So do not fear me”
3656	50:21	f6mv		“I will always make sure you and your children have enough to eat”
3657	50:21	b3l1	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche	Here “hearts” refers to the brothers. Alternate translation: “He comforted them by speaking kindly to them” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])
3658	50:22	by3m	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“110 years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3659	50:23	fc5c		“Ephraim’s children and grandchildren”
3660	50:23	rf1x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names	This is the name of Joseph’s grandson. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])
3661	50:23	vve4	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom	This expression means that Joseph adopted these children of Machir as his own children. This means they would have special inheritance rights from Joseph. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
3662	50:24	j3ki	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy	In Genesis 50:24/26 the word “you” refers to Joseph’s brothers, but it also stands for their descendants. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
3663	50:24	ya3x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events	It was common to use the word “up” when speaking of traveling from Egypt to Canaan. Alternate translation: “bring you out of this land and take you to the land” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-events]])
3664	50:26	ej21	rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers	“one hundred and ten years” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])
3665	50:26	g2xq		To “embalm” is a special way of preserving a dead body before it is buried. See how you translated “embalmed” in Genesis 50:1.
3666	50:26	mv4x	rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive	This can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “they placed him” (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
3667	50:26	h19n		“in a chest” or “in a case.” This is a box a dead person is placed in.

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Introduction to Genesis

Part 1: General Introduction

Outline of Genesis

What is Genesis about?

How should the title of this book be translated?

Who wrote Genesis?

Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural Concepts

What are the covenants mentioned in Genesis?

What was God’s purpose for the book of Genesis?

What was the custom for inheritance as described by Genesis?

How does Genesis present sin and evil?

Part 3: Important Translation Issues

What is one way in which Genesis marks the beginning of important sections?

Why are the beginnings of some narrative sections in Genesis difficult to translate?

What is the difference between “people,” “peoples,” and “people groups”?

What is the relationship between individuals and peoples that have similar names?

What do the phrases “to this day” or “of today” mean?

Genesis 01 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

The universe

Evening and morning

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

“In the beginning”

“God said, ‘Let there be’”

Genesis 02 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

The second creation account in Gen. 2:4-25

Yahweh, the name of God

The Garden of Eden

Genesis 03 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Curses

Serpent

Genesis 04 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Vengeance

Genesis 05 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Genesis 06 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Genesis 07 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Clean animals and birds

Water underneath and over the earth

Genesis 08 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Flood waters

The mountains of Ararat

Genesis 09 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Man’s relationship to animals

Life in the blood

Covenant with Noah

A father’s nakedness

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

“Be fruitful, multiply, and fill the earth”

Genesis 10 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Assyria and Nineveh

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

“Sons were born to”

Genesis 11 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Special concepts in this chapter

Age of people when they die

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Personification

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

“Let us build ourselves a city and a tower whose top will reach to the sky”

Genesis 12 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

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