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1 | Reference | ID | Tags | SupportReference | Quote | Occurrence | Note |
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2 | front:intro | spe4 | 0 | Introduction to ProverbsPart 1: General IntroductionOutline of Proverbs
What is the Book of Proverbs about?The Book of Proverbs is a collection of proverbs. A proverb is a saying that gives wise advice or teaches something that is generally true about life. Most societies have their own proverbs and may use specific language that indicates something is a proverb. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]]) How should the title of this book be translated?The title of this book is often translated as “Proverbs.” A more general translation would be “Sayings for Wise People,” “Wise Sayings,” or something similar. Who wrote the Book of Proverbs?Proverbs begins with the words, “The Proverbs of Solomon, son of David and King of Israel.” However, Solomon did not write all of the proverbs in this book. Unnamed wise men wrote the proverbs in 22:17–24:34. Agur the son of Jakeh wrote the proverbs in 30:1–33 and King Lemuel wrote the proverbs in 31:1–31. Part 2: Important Religious and Cultural ConceptsWhat is meant by “wisdom” and “foolishness” in the Book of Proverbs?“Wisdom” refers to understanding and doing what is true and morally right. A wise person understands and does what Yahweh considers to be right. Anyone living in this way will also learn to live well with other people and to make good practical decisions in life. Those who fail to live in this way are called “foolish.” For this reason, it is possible for a person to be very intelligent and still be foolish. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]]) Part 3: Important Translation IssuesParallelismMany proverbs have two parts that have a relationship to each other. The second part may strengthen the first part, give more details about the first part, or say what seems to be the opposite of the first part. Translators should take into account that each proverb is also part of a larger group of proverbs. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) PersonificationIn Proverbs, certain qualities such as wisdom and stupidity are often represented as if they were human. Proverbs 1:20–33, 3:15–18, 4:6–9, and 8:1–9:12 refer to wisdom as if it were a woman. Proverbs 9:13–18 might also refer to stupidity as if it were a woman. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent these qualities, the translator should translate in this way. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate these personifications as similes instead. In that case, wisdom or folly would be presented as being like a wise or stupid woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |||
3 | 1:intro | y4et | 0 | Proverbs 1 General NotesStructure and formatting
Special concepts in this chapterMy SonOccasionally, Solomon addresses a series of proverbs to “my son” or “sons.” This does not mean that those proverbs only apply to males. Instead, these phrases are forms used to pass on advice from a father to his son, and the kind of advice in these proverbs is about common temptations of young men. Important figures of speech in this chapterPersonificationIn 1:20–33, wisdom is referred to as if it were a woman. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent an abstract concept like wisdom, the translator should translate the personification directly. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate these personifications as similes instead. In that case, wisdom would be presented as being like a wise woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |||
4 | 1:1 | ej1t | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | מִ֭שְׁלֵי שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה | 1 | The author is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “These are the proverbs of Solomon” | |
5 | 1:1 | q6pn | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | מִ֭שְׁלֵי שְׁלֹמֹ֣ה | 1 | Here, the author is using the possessive form to describe proverbs that were written by Solomon. If this is not clear in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The proverbs that were written by Solomon” | |
6 | 1:2 | sah7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | לָדַ֣עַת חָכְמָ֣ה וּמוּסָ֑ר | 1 | 1:2–6 are one long sentence that lacks some of the words that a sentence in many languages would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “The purposes of proverbs are to know wisdom and instruction” | |
7 | 1:2 | i8k2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal | לָדַ֣עַת & לְ֝הָבִ֗ין | 1 | To and to here indicate two purposes for proverbs. Use a natural way in your language for introducing purpose clauses. Alternate translation: “These proverbs are for the purpose of knowing … and they are for the purpose of understanding” | |
8 | 1:2 | iaq1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | חָכְמָ֣ה וּמוּסָ֑ר | 1 | If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of wisdom and instruction, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “wise and instructive things” | |
9 | 1:2 | rs3p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | אִמְרֵ֥י בִינָֽה | 1 | Here, the author is using the possessive form to describe sayings that give a person understanding. If this is not clear in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “sayings that give someone understanding” | |
10 | 1:3 | ew1z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal | לָ֭קַחַת מוּסַ֣ר | 1 | Here, to indicates a third purpose for proverbs. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. You may want to begin a new sentence. Alternate translation: “These proverbs are for the purpose of receiving instruction of” | |
11 | 1:3 | aun5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | מוּסַ֣ר הַשְׂכֵּ֑ל צֶ֥דֶק וּ֝מִשְׁפָּ֗ט וּמֵישָׁרִֽים | 1 | If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of instruction, insight, righteousness, justice, and integrity, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “what is instructive of what is insightful, what is righteous, what is just, and what is honest” | |
12 | 1:4 | j62d | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal | לָתֵ֣ת לִפְתָאיִ֣ם עָרְמָ֑ה | 1 | Here, to indicates a fourth purpose for proverbs. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. You may want to begin a new sentence. Alternate translation: “These proverbs are for the purpose of giving naive ones prudence” | |
13 | 1:4 | p2ca | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | עָרְמָ֑ה & דַּ֣עַת וּמְזִמָּֽה | 1 | If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of prudence, knowledge, and discretion, you could express the same ideas in another way. Alternate translation: “what is prudent … what he should know and how to be discreet” | |
14 | 1:4 | wxv5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun | לְ֝נַ֗עַר | 1 | The author is speaking of young men in general, not of one particular young man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “to young men” | |
15 | 1:5 | lrm2 | 0 | This verse is parenthetical and interrupts the list of purposes for proverbs in 1:2–6. If it would be helpful in your language, you could add parentheses, as in the ULT, or use a natural way in your language to indicate a parenthetical statement. | |||
16 | 1:5 | gagy | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | יִשְׁמַ֣ע חָ֭כָם וְי֣וֹסֶף לֶ֑קַח וְ֝נָב֗וֹן תַּחְבֻּל֥וֹת יִקְנֶֽה | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first clause by repeating the same idea with different words. Hebrew poetry was based on this kind of repetition, and it would be good to show this to your readers by including both phrases in your translation rather than combining them. However, if it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “a wise one will hear and increase insight, yes, the understanding one will acquire guidance” | |
17 | 1:5 | r7sn | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | יִשְׁמַ֣ע חָ֭כָם | 1 | The author is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the context. Alternate translation: “a wise one will hear these proverbs” | |
18 | 1:5 | sddg | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | תַּחְבֻּל֥וֹת יִקְנֶֽה | 1 | The author implies that this person will acquire guidance from proverbs. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will acquire guidance from these proverbs” | |
19 | 1:5 | ykul | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | תַּחְבֻּל֥וֹת | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea guidance, you could express the same ides in another way. Alternate translation: “what guides” | |
20 | 1:6 | kp7t | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | לְהָבִ֣ין מָ֭שָׁל וּמְלִיצָ֑ה דִּבְרֵ֥י חֲ֝כָמִ֗ים וְחִידֹתָֽם | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first clause by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that indicates that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “to understand a proverb and a satire, yes, to understand the words of the wise ones and their riddles” | |
21 | 1:6 | rcl9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal | לְהָבִ֣ין מָ֭שָׁל וּמְלִיצָ֑ה | 1 | Here, to indicates a fifth purpose for proverbs. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose clause. You may want to begin a new sentence. Alternate translation: “These proverbs are for the purpose of understanding a proverb and a satire” | |
22 | 1:6 | h2dv | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | דִּבְרֵ֥י חֲ֝כָמִ֗ים | 1 | The author is leaving out some of the words that a sentence would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “to understand the words of the wise ones” | |
23 | 1:6 | wlac | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | דִּבְרֵ֥י | 1 | Here, the author uses the term words to describe what the wise ones say by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the words spoken by” | |
24 | 1:7 | r9nd | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | יִרְאַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה | 1 | Here, the author is using the possessive form to describe fear that a person should have for Yahweh. If this is not clear in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The fear for Yahweh” | |
25 | 1:7 | ga71 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | רֵאשִׁ֣ית דָּ֑עַת | 1 | Here, beginning refers to the foundation or basis of something. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is the foundation of knowledge” or “is the prerequisite for acquiring knowledge” or “is what knowledge is based upon” | |
26 | 1:7 | l9za | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | יִרְאַ֣ת & דָּ֑עַת חָכְמָ֥ה וּ֝מוּסָ֗ר | 1 | If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of fear, knowledge, wisdom, and instruction, you could express the same ideas in another way. See how you translated knowledge in 1:4 and wisdom and instruction in 1:2. Alternate translation: “Being fearful of … knowing something … wise things and instructive things” | |
27 | 1:7 | ooap | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast | חָכְמָ֥ה וּ֝מוּסָ֗ר אֱוִילִ֥ים בָּֽזוּ | 1 | This clause is a strong contrast with the previous clause. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “by contrast, fools despise wisdom and instruction” | |
28 | 1:8 | v4em | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | שְׁמַ֣ע בְּ֭נִי מוּסַ֣ר אָבִ֑יךָ וְאַל־תִּ֝טֹּ֗שׁ תּוֹרַ֥ת אִמֶּֽךָ | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Hear, my son, the instruction of your father, yes, do not forsake the law of your mother” | |
29 | 1:8 | p2x9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | שְׁמַ֣ע בְּ֭נִי מוּסַ֣ר | 1 | Hear often means “hear and obey.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language. Alternative translation: “Pay attention, my son, to the instruction of” | |
30 | 1:8 | f71k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | מוּסַ֣ר | 1 | See how you translated instruction in 1:2. | |
31 | 1:8 | dqtr | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person | מוּסַ֣ר אָבִ֑יךָ | 1 | Solomon is speaking about himself in the third person. If this would not be natural in your language, you could use the first person form. Alternate translation: “the instruction of me, your father” | |
32 | 1:8 | wzq0 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes | וְאַל־תִּ֝טֹּ֗שׁ | 1 | Solomon is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, not, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning, forsake. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “and heed” | |
33 | 1:8 | liis | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns | תּוֹרַ֥ת | 1 | Here, the word law is singular in form, but it refers to several laws as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the rules of” | |
34 | 1:9 | h55y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | כִּ֤י | 1 | For here indicates that what follows is a reason for the commands in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Obey these instructions because” or “Obey your parents because” | |
35 | 1:9 | esiw | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | לִוְיַ֤ת חֵ֓ן הֵ֬ם לְרֹאשֶׁ֑ךָ וַ֝עֲנָקִ֗ים לְגַרְגְּרֹתֶֽיךָ | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “they are a garland of grace for your head, yes, pendants for your neck” | |
36 | 1:9 | lcw8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | לִוְיַ֤ת חֵ֓ן הֵ֬ם | 1 | Here, the pronoun they refers to the instruction and teaching of one’s parents, as stated in the previous verse. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the instruction and law from your parents are a garland of grace” or “what your parents taught you is a garland of grace” | |
37 | 1:9 | qxp8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | לִוְיַ֤ת חֵ֓ן הֵ֬ם לְרֹאשֶׁ֑ךָ וַ֝עֲנָקִ֗ים לְגַרְגְּרֹתֶֽיךָ | 1 | Here the author speaks of the rules and instructions that parents teach their children as if they were a garland or pendants. These two items make a person look more attractive to other people and may cause other people to respect that person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use similes. Alternate translation: “they make you look more beautiful and respectable” or “they are like a garland of grace for your head and like pendants for your neck” | |
38 | 1:9 | b1ay | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | לִוְיַ֤ת חֵ֓ן | 1 | Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a garland that is characterized by grace. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “are a gracious garland” | |
39 | 1:10 | ucf5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical | אִם־יְפַתּ֥וּךָ חַ֝טָּאִ֗ים | 1 | Solomon is using a hypothetical situation to help his readers understand how important it is to resist temptation from sinners. Use the natural form in your language for expressing a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “suppose sinners entice you” | |
40 | 1:10 | y9bt | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | אִם־יְפַתּ֥וּךָ חַ֝טָּאִ֗ים אַל־תֹּבֵֽא | 1 | Solomon implies that the sinners would entice his son to sin with them. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “if sinners entice you to join them in sinning, do not consent to sin with them” | |
41 | 1:11 | f89h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical | אִם־יֹאמְרוּ֮ | 1 | Solomon is using a hypothetical situation to help his readers understand how sinners might entice someone to join them in sinning. Use the natural form in your language for expressing a hypothetical situation. Alternate translation: “Suppose they say” | |
42 | 1:11 | nvn9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | יֹאמְרוּ֮ | 1 | Here, the pronoun they refers to sinners, as mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “those sinners say” | |
43 | 1:11 | kzhn | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive | אִ֫תָּ֥נוּ נֶאֶרְבָ֥ה & נִצְפְּנָ֖ה | 1 | By us, the sinners are referring to themselves but not other people, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction. | |
44 | 1:11 | easr | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | נֶאֶרְבָ֥ה & נִצְפְּנָ֖ה | 1 | These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a word that shows the connection between these two phrases. Alternate translation: “Let us lie in wait … Yes, let us hide to ambush” | |
45 | 1:11 | tbiw | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | לְדָ֑ם | 1 | Here, blood refers to violently murdering someone, which usually causes blood to come out of the person who is murdered. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “to shed blood” or “to murder someone” | |
46 | 1:11 | qu4w | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal | לְדָ֑ם נִצְפְּנָ֖ה | 1 | Here, for and to introduce the purposes for these actions. The purpose for lying in wait is to shed blood. The purpose for hiding is to ambush someone. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate purposes. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of shedding blood. Let us hide for the purpose of ambushing” | |
47 | 1:11 | yxfk | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun | לְנָקִ֣י | 1 | The sinners are speaking of an innocent person in general, not of one particular innocent one. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “some innocent person” | |
48 | 1:12 | ohx2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive | נִ֭בְלָעֵם | 1 | By us, the sinners are referring to themselves but not other people, so use the exclusive form of that word in your translation if your language marks that distinction. | |
49 | 1:12 | w4w6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | נִ֭בְלָעֵם | 1 | The sinners speak of murdering people as if they were swallowing them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Let us murder them” | |
50 | 1:12 | b8bq | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | כִּשְׁא֣וֹל חַיִּ֑ים וּ֝תְמִימִ֗ים כְּי֣וֹרְדֵי בֽוֹר | 1 | These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “the living ones, like Sheol, yes, the whole ones like those going down to a pit” | |
51 | 1:12 | uwk1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | כִּשְׁא֣וֹל | 1 | The sinners are leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “like Sheol swallows people” | |
52 | 1:12 | cvaj | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | כִּשְׁא֣וֹל | 1 | The Israelites sometimes referred to dying as “going down to Sheol.” Here, Sheol is spoken of as if it were an animal that could swallow someone. The idea of Sheol swallowing someone refers to how people are completely gone after they die and are buried. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “like death is complete” | |
53 | 1:12 | ewpx | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | וּ֝תְמִימִ֗ים | 1 | The sinners are leaving out some of the words that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply these words from the beginning of the verse. Alternate translation: “and let us swallow the whole ones” | |
54 | 1:12 | kea4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וּ֝תְמִימִ֗ים | 1 | Here, whole refers to being completely healthy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the healthy ones” | |
55 | 1:12 | ndi0 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | כְּי֣וֹרְדֵי בֽוֹר | 1 | The sinners are leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “like those going down to a pit are swallowed” | |
56 | 1:12 | ayt4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | כְּי֣וֹרְדֵי בֽוֹר | 1 | The Israelites referred to dying as going down to Sheol or a pit. Here the sinners are saying that their victims are like those going down to a pit because those people will die. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “like those who die” | |
57 | 1:13 | ls9y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive | נִמְצָ֑א נְמַלֵּ֖א בָתֵּ֣ינוּ | 1 | In this verse, the sinners use We and our to refer to themselves but not other people. Use the exclusive form of those words in your translation if your language marks that distinction. | |
58 | 1:13 | jh51 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole | כָּל | 1 | The sinners say all here as a generalization for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “very much” | |
59 | 1:14 | x2p6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | גּ֭וֹרָ֣לְךָ תַּפִּ֣יל בְּתוֹכֵ֑נוּ | 1 | This is an idiom. If could refer to: (1) joining with a group of people that will share the same destiny. Alternate translation: “You must join us and share our destiny” (2) the practice of throwing small objects called lots to determine who would receive something. Alternate translation: “You must join us in sharing loot by casting lots” | |
60 | 1:14 | l56r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | כִּ֥יס אֶ֝חָ֗ד יִהְיֶ֥ה לְכֻלָּֽנוּ | 1 | Here, purse represents everything that these sinners steal. Some of what they steal would be put in a purse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “we will equally share everything that we steal” | |
61 | 1:14 | ci4y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive | בְּתוֹכֵ֑נוּ & לְכֻלָּֽנוּ | 1 | In this verse, the sinners use our and us to refer to themselves but not other people. Use the exclusive form of those words in your translation if your language marks that distinction. | |
62 | 1:15 | vdao | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | אַל־תֵּלֵ֣ךְ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ אִתָּ֑ם מְנַ֥ע רַ֝גְלְךָ֗ מִנְּתִיבָתָֽם | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that would show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “do not walk in the way with them, yes, restrain your foot from their path” | |
63 | 1:15 | t25u | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | אַל־תֵּלֵ֣ךְ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ אִתָּ֑ם מְנַ֥ע רַ֝גְלְךָ֗ מִנְּתִיבָתָֽם | 1 | Solomon uses walk to refer to associating with the sinners. He uses way and path to refer to the behavior of the sinners. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “have nothing to do with those sinners; keep yourself from behaving like them” | |
64 | 1:15 | bcrz | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | רַ֝גְלְךָ֗ | 1 | Solomon is using one part of a person, the foot, to represent the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “yourself” | |
65 | 1:16 | cdbr | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | כִּ֣י | 1 | For here indicates that what follows is a reason for the commands in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Do not walk with them because” | |
66 | 1:16 | v6fc | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | רַ֭גְלֵיהֶם & יָר֑וּצוּ | 1 | Here, “feet” represents the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they run” | |
67 | 1:16 | vap2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | רַ֭גְלֵיהֶם לָרַ֣ע יָר֑וּצוּ | 1 | Solomon speaks of how eager the sinners are to do evil as if their feet were running to it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they are eager to do evil” | |
68 | 1:16 | m7ui | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | לִשְׁפָּךְ־דָּֽם | 1 | The phrase pour out blood refers to violently murdering people, which usually causes blood to come out of the people who are murdered. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “to murder others” | |
69 | 1:17 | ll92 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | מְזֹרָ֣ה הָרָ֑שֶׁת | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “does someone spread out a net” | |
70 | 1:17 | uzlj | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | מְזֹרָ֣ה הָרָ֑שֶׁת | 1 | A net is a trap that hunters use to catch animals. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of trap, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “is the trap set up” | |
71 | 1:17 | v3ze | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | בְּ֝עֵינֵ֗י | 1 | Here, eyes refers to what is seen with the eyes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in view of” or “in the sight of” | |
72 | 1:17 | geds | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | בַּ֥עַל כָּנָֽף | 1 | The phrase owner of wing refers to a bird. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly, as in the UST. | |
73 | 1:18 | oexi | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast | וְ֭הֵם | 1 | Here, but indicates a strong contrast between the bird mentioned in the previous verse and the sinners who speak in 1:11–14. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. You may want to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “By contrast, they” | |
74 | 1:18 | ulr3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וְ֭הֵם & יֶאֱרֹ֑בוּ | 1 | This phrase finishes the comparison started in the previous verse. Unlike a bird who is smart enough to avoid a net, these sinners destroy themselves by doing sinful things that cause them to be killed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but they are more foolish than birds. They lie in wait” | |
75 | 1:18 | sise | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | וְ֭הֵם לְדָמָ֣ם יֶאֱרֹ֑בוּ יִ֝צְפְּנ֗וּ לְנַפְשֹׁתָֽם׃ | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a word that shows the connection between these two clauses. Alternate translation: “but they lie in wait for their blood, yes, they hide in ambush for their lives” | |
76 | 1:18 | mlek | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | וְ֭הֵם & יִ֝צְפְּנ֗וּ | 1 | In this verse, the pronoun they refers to the sinners described in 1:10–16. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but those sinners … those sinners hide in ambush” | |
77 | 1:18 | b16m | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | וְ֭הֵם לְדָמָ֣ם יֶאֱרֹ֑בוּ יִ֝צְפְּנ֗וּ לְנַפְשֹׁתָֽם | 1 | In this verse, for introduces the result of these actions. They lie in wait and hide in ambush and the result is that it costs them their bloodand their lives. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate results. Alternate translation: “but they lie in wait, which costs them their blood; they hide in ambush, which costs them their lives” | |
78 | 1:18 | vs5n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | לְדָמָ֣ם | 1 | See how you translated blood in 1:11. | |
79 | 1:18 | rih3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | לְנַפְשֹׁתָֽם | 1 | Here, “their own lives” refers to the sinners themselves. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for themselves” | |
80 | 1:19 | fz7s | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | אָ֭רְחוֹת | 1 | Here, Solomon uses paths to refer to the destiny of those sinners. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “are the destinies of” | |
81 | 1:19 | cse7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | כָּל | 1 | Here, Solomon uses the adjective all as a noun to mean “every person.” Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “every person” | |
82 | 1:19 | zdvu | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | בָּ֑צַע | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of gain, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “what they gain unjustly” | |
83 | 1:19 | jk1s | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | בְּעָלָ֣יו יִקָּֽח | 1 | Here, the pronouns it and its refer to the unjust gain, which is mentioned in the previous clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “that unjust gain takes … unjust gain’s owner” | |
84 | 1:19 | su23 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | אֶת־נֶ֖פֶשׁ בְּעָלָ֣יו יִקָּֽח | 1 | Solomon speaks of unjust gain as if it were a person who could kill his owner. He means that the wicked things that sinful people do to unjustly gain unjust gain will result in them dying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “unjust gain results in its owner dying” or “seeking unjust gain kills those who do it” or “it is as if unjust gain takes the life of its owner” | |
85 | 1:19 | r7lc | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | אֶת־נֶ֖פֶשׁ & יִקָּֽח | 1 | Here, the phrase takes the life of means to kill someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it kills” | |
86 | 1:20 | xza5 | 0 | In 1:20–33, wisdom is spoken of as if it were a woman speaking to the people. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. | |||
87 | 1:20 | kh97 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | חָ֭כְמוֹת בַּח֣וּץ תָּרֹ֑נָּה בָּ֝רְחֹב֗וֹת תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽהּ | 1 | These two clauses and the two clauses of the next verse mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Wisdom cries out outside, yes, she gives her voice in the open places” | |
88 | 1:20 | pj5i | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | חָ֭כְמוֹת & תָּרֹ֑נָּה & תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽהּ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of Wisdom as if it were a woman who cries out or gives her voice. He means that Wisdom is available to all people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “Wisdom is available … it is available” or “Wisdom is like a woman who cries out … like a woman who gives her voice” or “It is as if wisdom cries out … it is as if wisdom gives its voice” | |
89 | 1:20 | pj5v | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | בַּח֣וּץ | 1 | Here, outside refers to the public space outside of one’s house where there would be many people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the streets” | |
90 | 1:20 | u7zc | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽהּ | 1 | This is an idiom that means she spoke very loudly. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “speaks with a loud voice” | |
91 | 1:20 | njj7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | בָּ֝רְחֹב֗וֹת | 1 | Here, open areas refers to large, outdoor public places where there would usually be many people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the marketplaces” or “in the plazas” | |
92 | 1:21 | b47p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | בְּרֹ֥אשׁ הֹמִיּ֗וֹת תִּ֫קְרָ֥א בְּפִתְחֵ֖י שְׁעָרִ֥ים בָּעִ֗יר אֲמָרֶ֥יהָ תֹאמֵֽר | 1 | These two clauses and the two clauses of the previous verse mean basically the same thing. These two clauses emphasize the meaning of the first clause of the previous verse by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that would show that these clauses are repeating the first one in the previous verse, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Yes, at the head of the tumultuous places she calls out; yes, at the opening of the gates in the city she says her sayings” | |
93 | 1:21 | ggk1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | בְּרֹ֥אשׁ | 1 | Here, head refers to the place where busy streets intersect. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “At the intersection of streets in” | |
94 | 1:21 | jy0y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | תִּ֫קְרָ֥א & אֲמָרֶ֥יהָ תֹאמֵֽר | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman who calls out or says her sayings. He means that Wisdom is available to all people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “wisdom is available … it is available” or “it is as if wisdom calls out … it is as if wisdom says its sayings” | |
95 | 1:21 | b1k3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | בְּפִתְחֵ֖י שְׁעָרִ֥ים בָּעִ֗יר | 1 | Solomon’s readers would have understood that the the opening of the gates in the city was a crowded place where many people gathered. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “at the opening of the gates in the city, where many people gather,” | |
96 | 1:22 | atm2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations | עַד־מָתַ֣י | 1 | 1:22–33 are one long quotation that Solomon presents as if wisdom itself were speaking. Consider natural ways of introducing direct quotations in your language. Alternate translation: “She says, ‘Until when” or “It is as if wisdom says, ‘Until when” | |
97 | 1:22 | jk3x | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | עַד־מָתַ֣י ׀ פְּתָיִם֮ תְּֽאֵהֲב֫וּ פֶ֥תִי וְלֵצִ֗ים לָ֭צוֹן חָמְד֣וּ לָהֶ֑ם וּ֝כְסִילִ֗ים יִשְׂנְאוּ־דָֽעַת | 1 | Wisdom is using the question form to emphasize that these types of people should stop acting the way they do. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “For too long the naive ones have loved naiveté and mockers have delighted in mockery for themselves and stupid ones have hated knowledge!” | |
98 | 1:22 | v3nj | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | פֶ֥תִי & לָ֭צוֹן & דָֽעַת | 1 | If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of naiveté, mockery, and knowledge, you could express the same ideas in other ways. See how you translated knowledge in 1:4. Alternate translation: “thinking naively … mocking …knowing something” | |
99 | 1:23 | la68 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | תָּשׁ֗וּבוּ | 1 | Turn here implies turning one’s head in order to listen better to what someone is saying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Turn your heads and listen” | |
100 | 1:23 | uv1b | הִנֵּ֤ה | 1 | Behold is a term meant to focus the attention of the listener on what the speaker is about to say. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use some emphatic term or expression in your language that would have this same effect. Alternate translation: “Listen carefully” | ||
101 | 1:23 | jw6o | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | אַבִּ֣יעָה לָכֶ֣ם רוּחִ֑י אוֹדִ֖יעָה דְבָרַ֣י אֶתְכֶֽם | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that would show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “I shall allow my spirit to gush forth to you, yes, I shall cause you to know my words” | |
102 | 1:23 | c7ci | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | רוּחִ֑י | 1 | Here, spirit refers to a person’s thoughts. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “my thoughts” | |
103 | 1:23 | t4c9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | אַבִּ֣יעָה לָכֶ֣ם רוּחִ֑י | 1 | Wisdom telling the people what she thinks is spoken of as if her thoughts were a liquid that she would gush forth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I shall tell you what I think” | |
104 | 1:23 | mwpx | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | דְבָרַ֣י | 1 | Here, wisdom uses the term words to describe what she says by using words. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the words that I speak” | |
105 | 1:24 | rpx7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | יַ֣עַן | 1 | Because here indicates that what follows in this verse and the next verse is the reason for the result that is stated in 1:26–27. Use the most natural way in your language to state a reason. If you divide 1:24–27 into two sentences, then you will need to remove Because here and add a word to express result at the beginning of 1:26, as in the UST. Alternate translation: “Since” | |
106 | 1:24 | p5wg | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | קָ֭רָאתִי וַתְּמָאֵ֑נוּ נָטִ֥יתִי יָ֝דִ֗י וְאֵ֣ין מַקְשִֽׁיב | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that would show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “I have called and you have refused, yes, I have stretched out my hand and there was no one listening attentively” | |
107 | 1:24 | e734 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | וַתְּמָאֵ֑נוּ | 1 | Wisdom implies that people refused to listen to what she said. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and you have refused to listen to me” | |
108 | 1:24 | i835 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | נָטִ֥יתִי יָ֝דִ֗י | 1 | This phrase stretched out my hand is an idiom that refers to beckoning someone or inviting a person to come. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I stretched out my hand to beckon you” or “I beckoned you” | |
109 | 1:25 | h2ki | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | וַתִּפְרְע֥וּ כָל־עֲצָתִ֑י וְ֝תוֹכַחְתִּ֗י לֹ֣א אֲבִיתֶֽם | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “and you have ignored all my counsel, yes, my rebuke you did not accept” | |
110 | 1:25 | l0le | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | עֲצָתִ֑י וְ֝תוֹכַחְתִּ֗י | 1 | If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of counsel and rebuke, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “that I have counseled, and … what I said to rebuke you” | |
111 | 1:26 | r8lx | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | גַּם־אֲ֭נִי | 1 | 1:26–27 state the result of what was stated in 1:24–25. If you divided 1:24–27 into two sentences and removed Because from 1:24, then you will need to add a word here to express the result of the reasons given in 1:24–25. Alternate translation: “As a result, I too” or “So, I too” | |
112 | 1:26 | sl5u | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | גַּם־אֲ֭נִי בְּאֵידְכֶ֣ם אֶשְׂחָ֑ק אֶ֝לְעַ֗ג בְּבֹ֣א פַחְדְּכֶֽם | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that shows that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “I too shall laugh in your calamity, yes, I shall mock when your dread comes” | |
113 | 1:26 | rfi6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | גַּם־אֲ֭נִי | 1 | The phrase translated as I too shifts the focus from the foolish people mentioned in 1:24–25 to the person speaking, who represents wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I in turn” or “I, for my part” | |
114 | 1:26 | p97h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | בְּאֵידְכֶ֣ם & בְּבֹ֣א פַחְדְּכֶֽם | 1 | If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of calamity and dread, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “when you suffer … when you are scared” | |
115 | 1:26 | jucu | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | בְּבֹ֣א פַחְדְּכֶֽם | 1 | Here, wisdom speaks of experiencing dread as if it were a person who comes to someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when you experience dread” | |
116 | 1:27 | efxq | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | בְּבֹ֤א & פַּחְדְּכֶ֗ם | 1 | See how you translated this phrase in the previous verse. | |
117 | 1:27 | qn3z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | פַּחְדְּכֶ֗ם וְֽ֭אֵידְכֶם | 1 | See how you translated dread and calamity in the previous verse. | |
118 | 1:27 | kd9m | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | כשאוה & כְּסוּפָ֣ה | 1 | Here, wisdom compares the manner in which dread and calamity will happen to the destructive power of a storm or whirlwind. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “violently … violently” | |
119 | 1:27 | uy59 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | בְּבֹ֥א עֲ֝לֵיכֶ֗ם צָרָ֥ה וְצוּקָֽה | 1 | Here, wisdom speaks of experiencing distress and anguish as if they were a person who could come upon someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when you experience distress and anguish” | |
120 | 1:27 | xrk8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | צָרָ֥ה וְצוּקָֽה | 1 | If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of distress and anguish, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “what is distressing and what makes you anguished” | |
121 | 1:28 | m9t9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | אָ֣ז יִ֭קְרָאֻנְנִי וְלֹ֣א אֶֽעֱנֶ֑ה יְ֝שַׁחֲרֻ֗נְנִי וְלֹ֣א יִמְצָאֻֽנְנִי | 1 | These two sentences mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the sentences with a word that shows that the second sentence is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Then they will call out to me, but I will not answer. Yes, they will diligently seek me, but they will not find me” | |
122 | 1:28 | g5w7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | יִ֭קְרָאֻנְנִי & יְ֝שַׁחֲרֻ֗נְנִי וְלֹ֣א יִמְצָאֻֽנְנִי | 1 | In this verse, the pronoun they refers to the foolish people who ignored wisdom, as described in 1:22–27. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “those who ignored me will call out to me … those people will diligently seek me, but they will not find me” | |
123 | 1:28 | zous | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | יִ֭קְרָאֻנְנִי | 1 | Here, call out implies crying out for help. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “they will call out to me for help” | |
124 | 1:29 | ty8c | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | תַּ֭חַת כִּי | 1 | This phrase indicates that what follows in this verse and the next verse are the reasons why the foolish people will not find wisdom, as stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to express reasons. Alternate translation: “because” | |
125 | 1:29 | xk1e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | דָ֑עַת | 1 | See how you translated knowledge in 1:4. | |
126 | 1:29 | iu3z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | וְיִרְאַ֥ת יְ֝הֹוָ֗ה | 1 | See how you translated the fear of Yahweh in 1:7. | |
127 | 1:30 | q2mi | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | לֹא־אָב֥וּ לַעֲצָתִ֑י נָ֝אֲצ֗וּ כָּל־תּוֹכַחְתִּֽי | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “they did not want my counsel, yes, they despised my every rebuke” | |
128 | 1:30 | jhg8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | לֹא־אָב֥וּ & נָ֝אֲצ֗וּ | 1 | In this verse, the pronoun they refers to the foolish people who ignored wisdom, as described in 1:22–27. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “those who ignored me did not want … and those people despised” | |
129 | 1:30 | h1ds | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | לַעֲצָתִ֑י & כָּל־תּוֹכַחְתִּֽי | 1 | See how you translated the abstract nouns counsel and rebuke in 1:25. | |
130 | 1:31 | nr9k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | וְֽ֭יֹאכְלוּ מִפְּרִ֣י דַרְכָּ֑ם וּֽמִמֹּעֲצֹ֖תֵיהֶ֣ם יִשְׂבָּֽעוּ | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “And they will eat from the fruit of their way, yes, from their plans they will be satisfied” | |
131 | 1:31 | wkf7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | וְֽ֭יֹאכְלוּ מִפְּרִ֣י דַרְכָּ֑ם | 1 | Here, people suffering the consequences of their behavior is spoken of as if they were eating the fruit of their way. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a similar idiom from your language or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And they will experience the consequences of their behavior” | |
132 | 1:31 | c1jc | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | וּֽמִמֹּעֲצֹ֖תֵיהֶ֣ם יִשְׂבָּֽעוּ | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and their plans will satisfy them” | |
133 | 1:31 | bk2c | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וּֽמִמֹּעֲצֹ֖תֵיהֶ֣ם יִשְׂבָּֽעוּ | 1 | Here, the word translated as satisfied means “to be made full of.” This word can have either a positive or negative meaning, but here the meaning is negative. It means that these foolish people will suffer the full consequences of their foolish plans. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they will experience the consequences of their plans” | |
134 | 1:32 | t8af | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases | כִּ֤י | 1 | For here indicates that what follows in 1:32–33 is the conclusion to what wisdom stated in 1:22–31. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “In conclusion,” | |
135 | 1:32 | bxu4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | מְשׁוּבַ֣ת פְּתָיִ֣ם תַּֽהַרְגֵ֑ם וְשַׁלְוַ֖ת כְּסִילִ֣ים תְּאַבְּדֵֽם | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “the turning away of the naive ones will slay them, yes, false security will lead stupid ones to ruin” | |
136 | 1:32 | bwme | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | מְשׁוּבַ֣ת פְּתָיִ֣ם תַּֽהַרְגֵ֑ם | 1 | Here, turning away is spoken of as if it were a person who could slay someone. This expression means that the naive ones will die because of their turning away. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “the naive ones will die because of their turning away” or “the turning away of the naive ones is like someone who will slay them” | |
137 | 1:32 | s7ln | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | מְשׁוּבַ֣ת פְּתָיִ֣ם | 1 | Here, refusing to listen to wisdom is spoken of as turning away from the one who is speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the refusing to listen of the naive ones” | |
138 | 1:32 | le64 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | וְשַׁלְוַ֖ת | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of false security, you could express the same idea with a different expression. Alternate translation: “wrongly feeling secure” | |
139 | 1:32 | cmi9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | וְשַׁלְוַ֖ת כְּסִילִ֣ים תְּאַבְּדֵֽם | 1 | Here, false security is spoken of as if it were a person who could lead someone. This expression means that stupid ones will die because of their false security. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “and stupid ones will be ruined because of their false security” or “false security of stupid ones is like someone who will ruin them” | |
140 | 1:33 | pspz | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast | וְשֹׁמֵ֣עַֽ | 1 | But here indicates a strong contrast between the one who listens and “the naive ones,” who were mentioned in the previous verse. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “However, the one who listens” | |
141 | 1:33 | kho1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | מִפַּ֥חַד רָעָֽה | 1 | Here, the possessive form describes dread that a person has for evil. If this is not clear in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “from dreading evil” | |
142 | 1:33 | zjk2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | מִפַּ֥חַד רָעָֽה | 1 | See how you translated the abstract nouns dread in 1:26 and evil in 1:16. | |
143 | 2:intro | wr6i | 0 | Proverbs 2 General NotesStructure and formatting
Special concepts in this chapterMy SonOccasionally, Solomon addresses a series of proverbs to “my son” or “sons.” This does not mean that those proverbs only apply to males. Instead, these phrases are forms used to pass on advice from a father to his son, and the kind of advice in these proverbs is about common temptations of young men. | |||
144 | 2:1 | ku26 | בְּ֭נִי | 1 | In 2:1–7:27, Solomon continues addressing his son directly, as he had previously in 1:8–19. | ||
145 | 2:1 | fkcl | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical | אִם | 1 | Here, if indicates the beginning of a conditional sentence that extends from this verse to 2:5. This is the first of three if clauses in this long sentence. If it would be clearer in your language, you could divide this long sentence into shorter sentences and indicate the condition along with the result in 2:5, as in the UST. | |
146 | 2:1 | jh3i | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וּ֝מִצְוֺתַ֗י תִּצְפֹּ֥ן אִתָּֽךְ | 1 | Valuing the father’s commandments is spoken of as if the commandments were a treasure and the person were a safe place to store that treasure. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and consider my commandments to be as valuable as a treasure” | |
147 | 2:2 | hiva | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | לְהַקְשִׁ֣יב לַֽחָכְמָ֣ה אָזְנֶ֑ךָ תַּטֶּ֥ה לִ֝בְּךָ֗ לַתְּבוּנָֽה | 1 | The word translated as to here indicates that what follows in this verse explains the means by which a person can receive the sayings and commandments mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “by causing your ear to be attentive to wisdom, and by inclining your heart to understanding” | |
148 | 2:2 | an5c | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | לְהַקְשִׁ֣יב & אָזְנֶ֑ךָ | 1 | This phrase is an idiom that refers to forcing oneself to listen carefully. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “force yourself to listen carefully” | |
149 | 2:2 | w1il | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | לַֽחָכְמָ֣ה & לַתְּבוּנָֽה | 1 | See how you translated the abstract nouns wisdom and understanding in 1:2. | |
150 | 2:2 | ibaf | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | תַּטֶּ֥ה לִ֝בְּךָ֗ לַתְּבוּנָֽה | 1 | Here, Solomon uses heart to refer a person’s inner being or mind. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “incline your inner being to understanding” or “incline your mind to understanding” | |
151 | 2:2 | gme3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | תַּטֶּ֥ה לִ֝בְּךָ֗ לַתְּבוּנָֽה | 1 | The phrase incline your heart is an idiom that refers to fully committing one’s mind to doing something. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “fully commit yourself to gaining understanding” | |
152 | 2:3 | j5n7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | אִ֣ם לַבִּינָ֣ה תִקְרָ֑א לַ֝תְּבוּנָ֗ה תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלֶֽךָ | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with words that show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “if you call out for understanding, yes, if for perception you lift up your voice” | |
153 | 2:3 | ntaj | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | לַבִּינָ֣ה & לַ֝תְּבוּנָ֗ה | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of calling out to receive understanding and perception as if they were people whom someone could summon. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to receive understanding … to receive perception” | |
154 | 2:3 | v4y2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | לַבִּינָ֣ה | 1 | See how you translated the abstract noun understanding in the previous verse. | |
155 | 2:3 | cda0 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | לַ֝תְּבוּנָ֗ה | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of perception, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “for what should be perceived” | |
156 | 2:3 | q192 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלֶֽךָ | 1 | This phrase is an idiom that refers to speaking loudly. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you speak with a loud voice” | |
157 | 2:4 | ci1k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | אִם־תְּבַקְשֶׁ֥נָּה כַכָּ֑סֶף וְֽכַמַּטְמוֹנִ֥ים תַּחְפְּשֶֽׂנָּה | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with words other than and that show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “if you seek it like silver, yes, if search for it like hidden treasures” | |
158 | 2:4 | mvqx | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | אִם־תְּבַקְשֶׁ֥נָּה כַכָּ֑סֶף וְֽכַמַּטְמוֹנִ֥ים תַּחְפְּשֶֽׂנָּה | 1 | Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “if you seek it like it were silver and search for it like it were hidden treasures” or “if you seek it like you would seek silver and search for it like you would search for hidden treasures” | |
159 | 2:4 | sm8u | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | תְּבַקְשֶׁ֥נָּה & תַּחְפְּשֶֽׂנָּה | 1 | In this verse, the pronoun it refers to wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “you seek wisdom … search for wisdom” | |
160 | 2:4 | ll3n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | אִם־תְּבַקְשֶׁ֥נָּה כַכָּ֑סֶף וְֽכַמַּטְמוֹנִ֥ים תַּחְפְּשֶֽׂנָּה | 1 | Solomon is saying that wisdom is like silver and hidden treasures because those are items they people value greatly and work very hard to find. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “if you seek it diligently like one seeks silver and search for it diligently like one searches for hidden treasures” | |
161 | 2:5 | y8la | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | אָ֗ז | 1 | Here, then indicates that what follows is the result of meeting the conditions that are stated in 2:1–4. If you divided this long sentence in 2:1–5 into shorter sentences, then you will need to indicate condition before the result here, as in the UST. Alternate translation: “If you do so, then the result will be that” | |
162 | 2:5 | ngzm | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | יִרְאַ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה | 1 | See how you translated this phrase in 1:7. | |
163 | 2:5 | h49h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וְדַ֖עַת אֱלֹהִ֣ים תִּמְצָֽא | 1 | Obtaining the knowledge of God is spoken of as if the knowledge of God were an object that a person can find by searching for it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you will have the knowledge of God” | |
164 | 2:5 | vknk | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | וְדַ֖עַת אֱלֹהִ֣ים תִּמְצָֽא | 1 | Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe knowing God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and you will find how to know God” | |
165 | 2:6 | cq0z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | כִּֽי | 1 | For here indicates that what follows is the reason why what Solomon stated in 2:1–4 is true. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “This is due to the fact that” | |
166 | 2:6 | ab3j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | חָכְמָ֑ה & דַּ֣עַת וּתְבוּנָֽה | 1 | See how you translated wisdom in 1:2 and knowledge and understanding in the previous verse. | |
167 | 2:6 | g5bj | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | מִ֝פִּ֗יו דַּ֣עַת וּתְבוּנָֽה | 1 | Here, mouth represents Yahweh himself or what he says. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from Yahweh comes knowledge and understanding” | |
168 | 2:7 | jn6b | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וצפן לַ֭יְשָׁרִים תּוּשִׁיָּ֑ה | 1 | Yahweh possessing sound wisdom that he gives to people is spoken of as if sound wisdom were an item that Yahweh stores up. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And he has sound wisdom to provide for the upright ones” | |
169 | 2:7 | dv7k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | תּוּשִׁיָּ֑ה | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of sound wisdom, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “soundly wise things” | |
170 | 2:7 | m2mi | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | מָ֝גֵ֗ן לְהֹ֣לְכֵי תֹֽם | 1 | Yahweh protecting his people is spoken of as if he were a shield. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he shields those walking with integrity” | |
171 | 2:7 | u4zr | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | לְהֹ֣לְכֵי תֹֽם | 1 | Here, walking refers to how people behave. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who conduct themselves with integrity” | |
172 | 2:7 | xk74 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | תֹֽם | 1 | See how you translated the abstract noun integrity in 1:3. | |
173 | 2:8 | ajdo | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal | לִ֭נְצֹר | 1 | Here, to indicates that what follows is the purpose for Yahweh giving “sound wisdom” and being a “shield,” as stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a purpose. You may to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “Yahweh does these things for the purpose of guarding” | |
174 | 2:8 | qt7r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | אָרְח֣וֹת מִשְׁפָּ֑ט | 1 | Here, paths could refer to: (1) the lives of people who behave justly, in which case the meaning is similar to the next clause in the verse. Alternate translation: “those who behave justly” (2) justice itself, as if it were paths. Alternate translation: “the path that is justice” or “justice” | |
175 | 2:8 | t2qd | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וְדֶ֖רֶךְ חֲסִידָ֣יו יִשְׁמֹֽר | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of the lives of God’s faithful ones as if they were a way or road. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he will preserve the lives of his faithful ones” | |
176 | 2:9 | qn9x | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | אָ֗ז | 1 | Then here indicates that what follows is another result of meeting the conditions stated in 2:1–4. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate the result of meeting conditions. Alternate translation: “If you do those things, then the result will be that” | |
177 | 2:9 | hh3z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | צֶ֣דֶק וּמִשְׁפָּ֑ט וּ֝מֵישָׁרִ֗ים | 1 | See how you translated the abstract nouns righteousness, justice, and integrity in 1:3. | |
178 | 2:9 | ex8y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | כָּל־מַעְגַּל־טֽוֹב | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of wise behavior as if it were a good track. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “every good behavior” | |
179 | 2:10 | ftxt | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | חָכְמָ֣ה & וְ֝דַ֗עַת | 1 | ||
180 | 2:10 | sjsp | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | בְלִבֶּ֑ךָ | 1 | See how you translated the same use of heart in 2:2. | |
181 | 2:10 | kf4i | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | תָב֣וֹא & בְלִבֶּ֑ךָ | 1 | This phrase is an idiom that refers to fully knowing something. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will be fully known by you” or “will be fully in your mind” | |
182 | 2:10 | z4e2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | לְֽנַפְשְׁךָ֥ יִנְעָֽם | 1 | Here, spirit refers to the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will be pleasant to you” | |
183 | 2:11 | oo4b | 1 | 2:11–17 are one long sentence. If you divide these verses into multiple sentences, as the UST does, then you may need to repeat some phrases in order to make the meaning clear. | |||
184 | 2:11 | q2th | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | מְ֭זִמָּה תִּשְׁמֹ֥ר עָלֶ֗יךָ תְּבוּנָ֥ה תִנְצְרֶֽכָּה | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Discretion will preserve over you, yes, understanding will protect you” | |
185 | 2:11 | jbm7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | מְ֭זִמָּה תִּשְׁמֹ֥ר עָלֶ֗יךָ תְּבוּנָ֥ה תִנְצְרֶֽכָּה | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of discretion and understanding as if they were people who could protect someone else. He means that someone who has discretion and understanding will be safe. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “If you have discretion, you will be safe; if you have understanding, you will be secure” | |
186 | 2:11 | dnu8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | מְ֭זִמָּה & תְּבוּנָ֥ה | 1 | See how you translated Discretion in 1:4 and understanding in 1:2. | |
187 | 2:12 | ix2e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | לְ֭הַצִּ֣ילְךָ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of “discretion” and “understanding” as if they were people who could rescue someone. He means that people who have “discretion” and “understanding” will rescue themselves from harm. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to rescue yourselves” | |
188 | 2:12 | w9je | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal | לְ֭הַצִּ֣ילְךָ | 1 | Here, to indicates that what follows is the purpose for “discretion” and “understanding” protecting a person, as stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a purpose. Alternate translation: “Discretion and understanding will protect you for the purpose of rescuing you” | |
189 | 2:12 | xcem | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | מִדֶּ֣רֶךְ רָ֑ע | 1 | This phase the way of evil could refer to: (1) the way of an evil person. This interpretation fits the context of the descriptions of evil people given in 2:12–17. Alternate translation: “from the way of an evil person” (2) a way that is characterized by evil. Alternate translation: “from the evil way” | |
190 | 2:12 | vs4c | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | מִדֶּ֣רֶךְ | 1 | Here, Solomon uses way to refer to how people behave. See how you translated this use of way in 1:15. | |
191 | 2:12 | ekbf | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | רָ֑ע | 1 | See how you translated the abstract noun evil in 1:16. | |
192 | 2:12 | utj7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | מֵ֝אִ֗ישׁ | 1 | Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and to rescue you from a man” | |
193 | 2:12 | vund | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun | מֵ֝אִ֗ישׁ | 1 | The word man here represents a type of person in general, not one particular man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “from a person” | |
194 | 2:13 | a5k8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | אָרְח֣וֹת יֹ֑שֶׁר | 1 | Here, the paths of straightness refers to behaving in a right manner. The word paths refers to human behavior, and straightness refers to being righteous. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “doing what is right” or “acting rightly” | |
195 | 2:13 | tc6p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal | לָ֝לֶ֗כֶת | 1 | Here, to introduces the purpose for forsaking the paths of straightness. Use a natural way in your language to indicate purpose. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of walking” | |
196 | 2:13 | q9by | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | לָ֝לֶ֗כֶת בְּדַרְכֵי־חֹֽשֶׁךְ | 1 | This phrase refers to behaving in an evil manner. The biblical authors often use walk to refer to how someone behaves and darkness to refer to evil. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to do what is evil” or “to behave in an evil manner” | |
197 | 2:14 | e571 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | רָ֑ע & רָֽע | 1 | See how you translated the abstract noun evilin 1:16. | |
198 | 2:14 | t4yz | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | בְּֽתַהְפֻּכ֥וֹת רָֽע | 1 | Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe perverse things that are characterized by evil. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “evil perverse things” | |
199 | 2:15 | ei69 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָרְחֹתֵיהֶ֣ם עִקְּשִׁ֑ים וּ֝נְלוֹזִ֗ים בְּמַעְגְּלוֹתָֽם | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than and that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “whose paths are crooked, yes, who go astray in their tracks” | |
200 | 2:15 | jpq2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | אָרְחֹתֵיהֶ֣ם עִקְּשִׁ֑ים & בְּמַעְגְּלוֹתָֽם | 1 | Here, Solomon refers to human behavior as if it were paths and tracks that people walk on. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “behavior is crooked … in their behavior” | |
201 | 2:15 | lsl5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | עִקְּשִׁ֑ים & וּ֝נְלוֹזִ֗ים | 1 | Here, Solomon uses the phrases are crooked and go astray to refer to being deceptive. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “are deceptive and who are deceptive” | |
202 | 2:16 | p5k9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal | לְ֭הַצִּ֣ילְךָ | 1 | Here, to indicates that what follows is another purpose for “discretion” and “understanding” guarding a person, as stated in the 2:11. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a purpose. If you divided up the long sentence in 2:11–17 into shorter sentences, then here you will need to repeat some information from 2:11. Alternate translation: “Discretion and understanding will guard you for the additional purpose of rescuing you” | |
203 | 2:16 | wotd | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | מֵאִשָּׁ֣ה זָרָ֑ה מִ֝נָּכְרִיָּ֗ה | 1 | Here, Solomon refers to an immoral and adulterous woman as if she were a stranger or foreigner. God considers such a woman to be strange or foreign because her sinful acts have caused her to be alienated from God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly, as in the UST. | |
204 | 2:16 | dtaw | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun | מֵאִשָּׁ֣ה זָרָ֑ה מִ֝נָּכְרִיָּ֗ה | 1 | Solomon is speaking of any women who do these things, not of one particular woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “from any strange woman, from any foreign woman” | |
205 | 2:16 | yvpb | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | מִ֝נָּכְרִיָּ֗ה | 1 | Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and to rescue you from a foreign woman” | |
206 | 2:16 | zrdj | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | אֲמָרֶ֥יהָ הֶחֱלִֽיקָה | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of this woman speaking seductively as if she were making what she says smooth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who makes her sayings seductive” | |
207 | 2:17 | c2iu | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | אַלּ֣וּף | 1 | Here, companion refers to the husband of the adulterous woman mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the husband of” | |
208 | 2:17 | on5o | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | אַלּ֣וּף נְעוּרֶ֑יהָ | 1 | Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe the companion whom this woman married while she was in her youth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the companion whom she married in her youth” | |
209 | 2:17 | omt2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | נְעוּרֶ֑יהָ | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of youth, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “the time when she was young” | |
210 | 2:17 | awb4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | בְּרִ֖ית אֱלֹהֶ֣יהָ | 1 | Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe the covenant that this woman made with her God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the covenant that she made with her God” | |
211 | 2:17 | yeit | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | בְּרִ֖ית | 1 | Here, covenant refers specifically to the covenant that that man and woman made with each other and God when they married. This covenant included promising not to commit adultery. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the covenant that she made with her God when she married her husband” | |
212 | 2:18 | i084 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | כִּ֤י | 1 | For here indicates that what follows is the reason why “discretion” and “understanding” rescue a man from an adulterous woman, as stated in 2:16. Use the most natural way in your language to state a reason. Alternate translation: “Discretion and understanding will rescue you from her because” | |
213 | 2:18 | v1ud | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | שָׁ֣חָה אֶל־מָ֣וֶת בֵּיתָ֑הּ וְאֶל־רְ֝פָאִ֗ים מַעְגְּלֹתֶֽיהָ | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “her house sinks down to death, yes, her tracks to the spirits of the dead” | |
214 | 2:18 | dn9d | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | בֵּיתָ֑הּ | 1 | Here, house could refer to: (1) going to the adulterous woman’s house. Alternate translation: “going to her house” (2) the adulterous activity that takes place in her house. Alternate translation: “what she does in her house” | |
215 | 2:18 | hbh4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | שָׁ֣חָה אֶל־מָ֣וֶת | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of a man doing something that would result in his death as if he were going on a path or to a house that sinks down. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “results in a man dying” or “causes a man to die” | |
216 | 2:18 | rkj1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | וְאֶל־רְ֝פָאִ֗ים מַעְגְּלֹתֶֽיהָ | 1 | Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause. Alternate translation: “and her tracks sink down to the spirits of the dead” or “and her tracks lead to the spirits of the dead” | |
217 | 2:18 | g44z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | מַעְגְּלֹתֶֽיהָ | 1 | Here, tracks could refer to: (1) the path that leads to the adulterous woman. Alternate translation: “the path that leads to her” (2) how she behaves, which is how tracks is used in 2:15. Alternate translation: “her behavior” | |
218 | 2:18 | hwl4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | רְ֝פָאִ֗ים | 1 | Here, the spirits of dead ones refers to the place where people’s spirits go when they die, which was called “Sheol” in 1:12. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the place where the spirits of dead people dwell” or “the place of the dead” | |
219 | 2:19 | n7tg | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism | בָּ֭אֶיהָ | 1 | Here, enter refers to someone having sexual relations with another person. This is a polite way of referring to something that is offensive or embarrassing in some cultures. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different polite way of referring to this act or you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “those who have sexual relations with her” or “those who sleep with her” | |
220 | 2:19 | wzqj | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | לֹ֣א יְשׁוּב֑וּן | 1 | Here, return could refer to: (1) those people coming back to life, as suggested by the references to death in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “will not become alive again” (2) those people returning to a joyful or prosperous life. Alternate translation: “will not return to living well” | |
221 | 2:19 | zg4r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וְלֹֽא־יַ֝שִּׂ֗יגוּ אָרְח֥וֹת חַיִּֽים | 1 | This could mean: (1) those people will not be able to come back to life, as suggested by the references to death in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “and they will not return to the land of the living” (2) those people will not be able to enjoy a good life again. Alternate translation: “and they will never live a happy life again” | |
222 | 2:20 | ts71 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | לְמַ֗עַן | 1 | So here indicates that what follows is the result of what was stated in 2:11–19 being true. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. Alternate translation: “Because this is true” | |
223 | 2:20 | kzax | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | תֵּ֭לֵךְ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ טוֹבִ֑ים וְאָרְח֖וֹת צַדִּיקִ֣ים תִּשְׁמֹֽר | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “you shall walk in the way of the good ones, yes, the paths of the righteous ones you shall keep” | |
224 | 2:20 | hp7d | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-declarative | תֵּ֭לֵךְ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ טוֹבִ֑ים וְאָרְח֖וֹת צַדִּיקִ֣ים תִּשְׁמֹֽר | 1 | Solomon is using a future statement to give an instruction or command. If it would be helpful in your language, you could translate these words using a command or instruction form. Alternate translation: “walk in the way of the good ones and keep the paths of the righteous ones” | |
225 | 2:20 | fiw6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | תֵּ֭לֵךְ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ & וְאָרְח֖וֹת & תִּשְׁמֹֽר | 1 | The phrases walk in the way of and keep the paths of both refer to how people behave or live their lives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you shall behave like … and you shall behave like” | |
226 | 2:21 | wou9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | כִּֽי | 1 | For here indicates that what follows in 2:21–22 is the conclusion to what was stated in 2:11–20. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. See how you translated a similar use of For in 1:32. Alternate translation: “In conclusion,” | |
227 | 2:21 | uy6e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | יְשָׁרִ֥ים יִשְׁכְּנוּ אָ֑רֶץ וּ֝תְמִימִ֗ים יִוָּ֥תְרוּ בָֽהּ | 1 | These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “the upright ones will dwell in the land, yes, the blameless ones will remain in it” | |
228 | 2:21 | bqn1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | יִשְׁכְּנוּ אָ֑רֶץ & יִוָּ֥תְרוּ בָֽהּ | 1 | Here, the land and it could refer to: (1) the land of Israel, which God had given to the Jewish people and which Solomon was ruling over when he wrote these proverbs. Alternate translation: “will dwell in the land of Israel … will remain in Israel” or “will dwell in our land … will remain in our land” (2) the earth in general, in which case this would refer to staying alive. Alternate translation: “will dwell on the earth … will remain alive on the earth” | |
229 | 2:22 | nyod | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast | וּ֭רְשָׁעִים | 1 | Here, but indicates a strong contrast between the wicked and treacherous people and the “upright” and “blameless” people, who were mentioned in the previous verse. See how you translated a similar strong contrast in 1:33. | |
230 | 2:22 | mnw9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | יִכָּרֵ֑תוּ &יִסְּח֥וּ | 1 | If your language does not use these passive forms, you could express the ideas in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. The context indicates that God will do the action. Alternate translation: “God will cut off … God will tear away” | |
231 | 2:22 | r5sm | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | יִכָּרֵ֑תוּ & יִסְּח֥וּ | 1 | Solomon speaks of Yahweh removing people from the land as if he were cutting those people off, like a person cuts a branch from a tree, or as if he were tearing those people away, like a person violently pulls someone off of something. Solomon does not state if these people are removed by being killed or by being forced to leave the land, so it is best to use general expressions for these phrases. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will be removed … will be taken away” | |
232 | 2:22 | w94m | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | מֵאֶ֣רֶץ & מִמֶּֽנָּה | 1 | See how you translated the land and it in the previous verse. | |
233 | 3:intro | a94e | 0 | Proverbs 3 General NotesStructure and formatting
Special concepts in this chapterMy SonOccasionally, Solomon addresses a series of proverbs to “my son” or “sons.” This does not mean that those proverbs only apply to males. Instead, these phrases are forms used to pass on advice from a father to his son, and the kind of advice in these proverbs is about common temptations of young men. Important figures of speech in this chapterPersonificationIn 3:15–18, wisdom is referred to as if it were a woman. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent an abstract concept like wisdom, the translator should translate the personification directly. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate these personifications as similes instead. In that case, wisdom would be presented as being like a wise woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |||
234 | 3:1 | tjcg | בְּ֭נִי | 1 | From 2:1 to 7:27, Solomon addresses his son directly, as he had previously in 1:8–19. 3:1 continues these direct instructions. | ||
235 | 3:1 | p6r4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | תּוֹרָתִ֣י אַל־תִּשְׁכָּ֑ח וּ֝מִצְוֺתַ֗י יִצֹּ֥ר לִבֶּֽךָ | 1 | These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “do not forget my law, yes, my commandments let your heart guard” | |
236 | 3:1 | jvym | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes | אַל־תִּשְׁכָּ֑ח | 1 | Here, Solomon uses a figure of speech that expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning positively, as in the UST. | |
237 | 3:1 | ji5p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns | תּוֹרָתִ֣י | 1 | Here, the word law is singular in form, but it refers to several laws as a group. See how you translated this use of law in 1:8. | |
238 | 3:1 | f5cv | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | וּ֝מִצְוֺתַ֗י | 1 | See how you translated the abstract noun commandments in 2:1. | |
239 | 3:1 | n273 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | יִצֹּ֥ר לִבֶּֽךָ | 1 | See how you translated the same use of heart in 2:2. | |
240 | 3:1 | g7i5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | יִצֹּ֥ר לִבֶּֽךָ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of a person’s heart as if it were a person who could guard something, and he speaks of commandments as if they were things that could be guarded. He means that he wants his son to remember these commandments in order to obey them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “remember to obey” | |
241 | 3:2 | e1jx | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | כִּ֤י | 1 | For here indicates that what follows is a reason for the commands in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Remember my commandments because” | |
242 | 3:2 | yp9h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure | אֹ֣רֶךְ יָ֭מִים וּשְׁנ֣וֹת חַיִּ֑ים וְ֝שָׁל֗וֹם יוֹסִ֥יפוּ לָֽךְ | 1 | If it would be helpful in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “they will add to you length of days and years of life and peace” | |
243 | 3:2 | fmbi | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | אֹ֣רֶךְ יָ֭מִים | 1 | Here, length of days is an idiom that means “a long life.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “a long life” | |
244 | 3:2 | r3ia | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | וּשְׁנ֣וֹת חַיִּ֑ים | 1 | Here, years of life is an idiom that means “a long and fulfilling life.” If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and a fulfilling life” or “and years of fulfilling life” | |
245 | 3:2 | jl5c | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | וְ֝שָׁל֗וֹם | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of peace, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and a peaceful life” | |
246 | 3:2 | f1ut | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | יוֹסִ֥יפוּ | 1 | Here, the pronoun they refers to the law and commandments mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “my law and commandments will add” | |
247 | 3:2 | rplu | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | יוֹסִ֥יפוּ לָֽךְ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of his commandments as if they could add length to a person’s life. He means that obeying his commandments will enable a person to life a long life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “obeying them will add to you” or “by obeying them you will add to yourself” | |
248 | 3:3 | s6k5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | חֶ֥סֶד וֶאֱמֶ֗ת אַֽל־יַעַ֫זְבֻ֥ךָ קָשְׁרֵ֥ם עַל־גַּרְגְּרוֹתֶ֑יךָ כָּ֝תְבֵ֗ם עַל־ל֥וּחַ לִבֶּֽךָ | 1 | These three clauses mean basically the same thing. The second and third clauses emphasize the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use a word that shows the connection between these three clauses. Alternate translation: “Do not let covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness leave you, yes, bind them on your throats, indeed, write them on the tablet of your heart” | |
249 | 3:3 | w5in | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | חֶ֥סֶד וֶאֱמֶ֗ת אַֽל־יַעַ֫זְבֻ֥ךָ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness as if they were people who could leave someone. He means that a person should not stop being faithful and trustworthy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not stop being faithful and trustworthy” | |
250 | 3:3 | jx0f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes | חֶ֥סֶד וֶאֱמֶ֗ת אַֽל־יַעַ֫זְבֻ֥ךָ | 1 | Here, Solomon uses a figure of speech that expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning positively. Alternate translation: “Retain covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness” | |
251 | 3:3 | v4wt | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | חֶ֥סֶד וֶאֱמֶ֗ת | 1 | If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “being faithful and trustworthy” | |
252 | 3:3 | xj6j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | קָשְׁרֵ֥ם עַל־גַּרְגְּרוֹתֶ֑יךָ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness as if they were objects that someone could tie around his neck like a necklace. He means that these are valuable qualities that people should display outwardly by their behavior. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “show them outwardly by how you behave” or “display them like one would wear a necklace” | |
253 | 3:3 | i4pt | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | כָּ֝תְבֵ֗ם עַל־ל֥וּחַ לִבֶּֽךָ | 1 | See how you translated the same use of heart in 2:2. | |
254 | 3:3 | i8u6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | כָּ֝תְבֵ֗ם עַל־ל֥וּחַ לִבֶּֽךָ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of the heart as if it were a tablet upon which someone could write covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness. He means that people should always remember to behave with covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “keep these things in your mind” or “always remember them, as if you had written them permanently on a tablet” | |
255 | 3:4 | xajl | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | וּמְצָא־חֵ֖ן | 1 | Here, and introduces the result of obeying the commands stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate results. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “If you do these things, then you will find favor” or “This will result in you finding favor” | |
256 | 3:4 | uwqy | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וּמְצָא־חֵ֖ן וְשֵֽׂכֶל־ט֑וֹב | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of favor and good insight as if they were objects that a person could find. He means that God and man will show favor and good insight to the person who does what Solomon commanded in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you will experience favor and good insight” | |
257 | 3:4 | g3fy | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | בְּעֵינֵ֖י | 1 | Here, eyes refers to seeing, and seeing is a metaphor for knowledge, notice, attention, or judgment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the judgment of” | |
258 | 3:4 | i2ke | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun | וְאָדָֽם | 1 | Solomon is speaking of people in general, not of one particular man. If it would be helpful in your language, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “and others” | |
259 | 3:5 | w345 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | לִבֶּ֑ךָ | 1 | See how you translated heart in 2:2. | |
260 | 3:5 | m1v4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וְאֶל־בִּֽ֝ינָתְךָ֗ אַל־תִּשָּׁעֵֽן | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of relying on one’s own understanding as if understanding were an object that a person could lean on. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “do not rely on your own understanding” | |
261 | 3:5 | xos0 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | בִּֽ֝ינָתְךָ֗ | 1 | See how you translated the abstract noun understanding in 1:2. | |
262 | 3:6 | c7br | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | בְּכָל־דְּרָכֶ֥יךָ & אֹֽרְחֹתֶֽיךָ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of a person’s actions as if they were ways or paths on which that person walks. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in all that you do … what you do” | |
263 | 3:6 | ftuh | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | וְ֝ה֗וּא יְיַשֵּׁ֥ר | 1 | Here, and introduces the result of obeying the commands stated in the previous verse and the beginning of this verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate results. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “If you do these things, then he himself will straighten” or “This will result in he himself straightening” | |
264 | 3:6 | vunk | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | וְ֝ה֗וּא יְיַשֵּׁ֥ר | 1 | For emphasis, Solomon is stating the pronoun himself, whose meaning is already stated as he. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun himself. Alternate translation: “he indeed will straighten” | |
265 | 3:6 | m1v6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וְ֝ה֗וּא יְיַשֵּׁ֥ר אֹֽרְחֹתֶֽיךָ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of Yahweh showing people what they should do as if Yahweh were removing obstacles and smoothing out paths that people walk on. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he himself will make clear to you what you should do” or “and he himself will guide your actions” | |
266 | 3:7 | y6is | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | בְּעֵינֶ֑יךָ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of a person’s opinion as if that person were seeing something with his eyes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in your own opinion” | |
267 | 3:7 | dgv0 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast | יְרָ֥א אֶת־יְ֝הוָ֗ה וְס֣וּר מֵרָֽע | 1 | This clause is a strong contrast with the previous clause. While the previous clause said what a person should not do, this clause says what that person should do instead. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Rather, fear Yahweh and turn from evil” | |
268 | 3:7 | au5s | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וְס֣וּר מֵרָֽע | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of refusing to do evil actions as if are person were turning away from evil. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and do not commit evil” | |
269 | 3:7 | fwf0 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | מֵרָֽע | 1 | See how you translated the abstract noun evil in 1:16. | |
270 | 3:8 | yl6z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | רִ֭פְאוּת תְּהִ֣י לְשָׁרֶּ֑ךָ וְ֝שִׁקּ֗וּי לְעַצְמוֹתֶֽיךָ | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “It will be healing for your navel, yes, refreshment for your bones” | |
271 | 3:8 | du95 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | תְּהִ֣י | 1 | The pronoun It here refers to following the commands that Solomon stated in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Obeying these commands will be” | |
272 | 3:8 | dtw6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | לְשָׁרֶּ֑ךָ & לְעַצְמוֹתֶֽיךָ | 1 | Solomon is using parts of a person, the navel and bones, to represent a person’s whole body. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for your body … for your whole body” | |
273 | 3:8 | tca5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | וְ֝שִׁקּ֗וּי לְעַצְמוֹתֶֽיךָ | 1 | Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and it will be refreshment for your bones” | |
274 | 3:8 | ghf9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | וְ֝שִׁקּ֗וּי לְעַצְמוֹתֶֽיךָ | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of refreshment, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and will cause your bones to be refreshed” | |
275 | 3:9 | j8au | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | מֵהוֹנֶ֑ךָ וּ֝מֵרֵאשִׁ֗ית כָּל־תְּבוּאָתֶֽךָ | 1 | Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “by giving from your wealth and by giving from the first of all your produce” | |
276 | 3:9 | thp2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | וּ֝מֵרֵאשִׁ֗ית | 1 | Here, first refers to the first crops that were harvested at harvest time. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and from the first crops harvested of” | |
277 | 3:10 | z9am | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | וְיִמָּלְא֣וּ אֲסָמֶ֣יךָ שָׂבָ֑ע | 1 | Here, and introduces the result of obeying the command stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “If you do these things, then your storehouses will be full with plenty” or “This will result in your storehouses being full with plenty” | |
278 | 3:10 | y7db | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | אֲסָמֶ֣יךָ | 1 | The word storehouses refers to buildings or rooms where harvested crops are stored. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of storage place, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “your place for storing harvested crops” | |
279 | 3:10 | b6gn | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | שָׂבָ֑ע | 1 | Here, plenty refers to a plentiful amount of harvested crops. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a plentiful amount of harvested crops” | |
280 | 3:10 | vtx6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | וְ֝תִיר֗וֹשׁ יְקָבֶ֥יךָ יִפְרֹֽצוּ | 1 | The word vats refers to large containers in which the juice of grapes called new wine was processed into wine. If a very large amount of new wine was put in the vat, it could flow over the top of the vat. If your readers would not be familiar with wine or the way it is produced, you could refer to something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “and your storage containers will become so extremely full that they break open” | |
281 | 3:11 | f4sx | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | מוּסַ֣ר & בְּתוֹכַחְתּֽוֹ | 1 | If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of correction and rebuke, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “Being corrected by … being rebuked by him” | |
282 | 3:12 | vqzb | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | כִּ֤י | 1 | For here introduces the reason for obeying the commands stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate reasons. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “Do not do these things because” | |
283 | 3:12 | qsno | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | וּ֝כְאָ֗ב אֶת־בֵּ֥ן יִרְצֶֽה | 1 | Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and like a father he rebukes a son he is pleased with” | |
284 | 3:12 | gpk5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | אֶת־בֵּ֥ן יִרְצֶֽה | 1 | The phrase he is pleased with refers to the father’s affection for his son. It does not mean that the father approves of his son’s behavior. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a son who is dear to him” | |
285 | 3:13 | cg8z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | אַשְׁרֵ֣י אָ֭דָם מָצָ֣א חָכְמָ֑ה וְ֝אָדָ֗ם יָפִ֥יק תְּבוּנָֽה | 1 | Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Happy is a man who finds wisdom and happy is a man who obtains understanding” | |
286 | 3:13 | cckc | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | אַשְׁרֵ֣י אָ֭דָם מָצָ֣א חָכְמָ֑ה וְ֝אָדָ֗ם יָפִ֥יק תְּבוּנָֽה | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than and that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Happy is a man who finds wisdom, yes, happy is a man who obtains understanding” | |
287 | 3:13 | g5fm | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun | אָ֭דָם & וְ֝אָדָ֗ם | 1 | In this verse, a man represents a person in general, not one particular man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “is a person … and a person” | |
288 | 3:13 | d1nq | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | מָצָ֣א חָכְמָ֑ה | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of attaining wisdom as if it were an object that a person finds. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “who attains wisdom” | |
289 | 3:13 | gdvg | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | חָכְמָ֑ה & תְּבוּנָֽה | 1 | See how you translated the abstract nouns wisdom and understanding in 1:2. | |
290 | 3:14 | xyy7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | כִּ֤י | 1 | For here indicates that what follows is the reason what was stated in the previous verse is true. Use the most natural way in your language to state a reason. Alternate translation: “This is due to the fact that” | |
291 | 3:14 | jir1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | וּ֝מֵחָר֗וּץ תְּבוּאָתָֽהּ | 1 | Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and than the produce of gold better is its produce” | |
292 | 3:14 | rcci | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | ט֣וֹב סַ֭חְרָהּ מִסְּחַר־כָּ֑סֶף וּ֝מֵחָר֗וּץ תְּבוּאָתָֽהּ | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than and that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “better {is} its profit than the profit of silver, yes, better than the produce of gold is its produce” | |
293 | 3:14 | eetj | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | סַ֭חְרָהּ & תְּבוּאָתָֽהּ | 1 | In this verse, its refers to wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is wisdom’s profit … wisdom’s produce” | |
294 | 3:14 | jkcm | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | סַ֭חְרָהּ מִסְּחַר־כָּ֑סֶף | 1 | Although the word profit usually refers to money that someone earns, Solomon uses it here to refer to a benefit in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is its benefit than the benefit of silver” | |
295 | 3:14 | gy74 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | מִסְּחַר־כָּ֑סֶף | 1 | Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe the monetary profit that one gains by selling or investing silver. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “then the profit one can make from selling silver” | |
296 | 3:14 | ssa3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וּ֝מֵחָר֗וּץ תְּבוּאָתָֽהּ | 1 | Although the word produce usually refers to harvested crops, Solomon uses it here to refer to a benefit in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and than gold its benefit” | |
297 | 3:15 | y2yl | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | הִ֭יא & בָֽהּ | 1 | In 3:15–18 Solomon speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “It … with it” | |
298 | 3:15 | vxz8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | יְקָ֣רָה & מִפְּנִינִ֑ים | 1 | The word translated corals could also refer to precious stones called “rubies.” Either word refers to an item that is extremely valuable. If your readers would not be familiar with corals or rubies, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “is more precious than valuable stones” or “is more precious than something extremely valuable” | |
299 | 3:16 | k6ir | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | אֹ֣רֶךְ יָ֭מִים | 1 | See how you translated this idiom in 3:2. | |
300 | 3:16 | e88d | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | בִּֽימִינָ֑הּ בִּ֝שְׂמֹאולָ֗הּ | 1 | In this verse, her refers to wisdom as if it were a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is in wisdom’s right hand, in wisdom’s left hand” | |
301 | 3:16 | p6g3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | בִּֽימִינָ֑הּ בִּ֝שְׂמֹאולָ֗הּ עֹ֣שֶׁר | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of wise people receiving length of days, riches, and honor as if they were objects received from the right and left hands of wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is received by those who have wisdom, those who have wisdom receive riches” | |
302 | 3:16 | yu0r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | וְכָבֽוֹד | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of honor, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “and being honored” | |
303 | 3:17 | dpuo | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | דְּרָכֶ֥יהָ & נְתִ֖יבוֹתֶ֣יהָ | 1 | Her and her here refer to wisdom as if it were a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Wisdom’s ways … wisdom’s beaten paths” | |
304 | 3:17 | t64o | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | דְּרָכֶ֥יהָ דַרְכֵי־נֹ֑עַם וְֽכָל־נְתִ֖יבוֹתֶ֣יהָ שָׁלֽוֹם | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than and that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Her ways are ways of pleasantness, yes, all her beaten paths are peace” | |
305 | 3:17 | a7ix | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | דְּרָכֶ֥יהָ דַרְכֵי & נְתִ֖יבוֹתֶ֣יהָ שָׁלֽוֹם | 1 | In this verse, ways and beaten paths refer to how being wise guides a person’s behavior. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Wise behavior is behavior of … wise behavior brings peace” | |
306 | 3:17 | l02t | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | דַרְכֵי־נֹ֑עַם | 1 | Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe ways that result in pleasantness. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “are ways that lead to pleasantness” | |
307 | 3:17 | u5du | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | שָׁלֽוֹם | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of peace, you could express the same idea in another way. The context indicates that peace is result of following the beaten paths. Alternate translation: “lead to being peaceful” or “result in living peacefully” | |
308 | 3:18 | ac5p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | הִ֭יא & בָּ֑הּ וְֽתֹמְכֶ֥יהָ | 1 | She and her here refer to wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Wisdom … of wisdom, and those who grasp wisdom” | |
309 | 3:18 | l7hn | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | עֵץ־חַיִּ֣ים | 1 | Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a tree with fruit that sustains life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is a tree that gives life” or “is a tree with fruit that sustains life” | |
310 | 3:18 | le9q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | עֵץ־חַיִּ֣ים & לַמַּחֲזִיקִ֣ים בָּ֑הּ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of wisdom as if it were a tree that gives life to those who eat its fruit. He means that wisdom causes a person to live and long and happy life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “results in a good life for the ones who take hold of her” or “is like a tree that sustains the life the ones who take hold of her” | |
311 | 3:18 | ka8x | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | לַמַּחֲזִיקִ֣ים בָּ֑הּ וְֽתֹמְכֶ֥יהָ | 1 | Here, Solomon refers to people who persist in being wise as if they take hold of or grasp wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to the ones who retain wisdom, and those who remain wise” | |
312 | 3:19 | c1nf | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | יָֽסַד־אָ֑רֶץ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of Yahweh creating the earth as if he were laying the foundation of a building. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh created the earth” | |
313 | 3:19 | rkhr | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | בְּחָכְמָ֥ה & בִּתְבוּנָֽה | 1 | See how you translated the abstract nouns wisdom in 1:2 and understanding in 2:2. | |
314 | 3:20 | ulw3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | תְּהוֹמ֣וֹת | 1 | Here, depths refers to bodies of water that were deep under the earth’s surface. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the underground bodies of water” | |
315 | 3:20 | aov5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | נִבְקָ֑עוּ | 1 | Here, broke open could refer to: (1) the water from the depths bursting out from under the ground to form rivers, which best fits the discussion of creation in 3:19–20. Alternate translation: “burst forth water that formed rivers” (2) the water from the depths bursting out during the global flood of Noah’s time, as described in 7:11. Alternate translation: “burst forth flood water” | |
316 | 3:21 | t2j4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure | אַל־יָלֻ֣זוּ מֵעֵינֶ֑יךָ נְצֹ֥ר תֻּ֝שִׁיָּ֗ה וּמְזִמָּֽה | 1 | If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “guard prudence and discretion, do not let them depart from your eyes” | |
317 | 3:21 | xa9f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | אַל־יָלֻ֣זוּ מֵעֵינֶ֑יךָ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of not forgetting something as if someone were always able to see that thing with his eyes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “do not forget them” | |
318 | 3:21 | p05r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | נְצֹ֥ר | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of prudence and discretion as they were things that could be guarded. He means that he wants his son to remember these qualities in order to practice them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “remember to practice” | |
319 | 3:21 | g4b2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | תֻּ֝שִׁיָּ֗ה וּמְזִמָּֽה | 1 | See how you translated the abstract nouns prudence and discretion in 1:4. | |
320 | 3:22 | c7za | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | וְיִֽהְי֣וּ | 1 | And here introduces the result of obeying the commands stated in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate results. Alternate translation: “If you do this, then they will be” or “This will result in them being” | |
321 | 3:22 | v7jn | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | וְיִֽהְי֣וּ | 1 | Here, they refers to “prudence” and “discretion” mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “And prudence and discretion will be” | |
322 | 3:22 | mr5l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | לְנַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ | 1 | See how you translated the same use of spirit in 2:10. | |
323 | 3:22 | aqnl | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | וְיִֽהְי֣וּ חַיִּ֣ים לְנַפְשֶׁ֑ךָ | 1 | This phrase is an idiom that refers to having a long life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And they will cause your life to be long” | |
324 | 3:22 | c3ab | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | וְ֝חֵ֗ן לְגַרְגְּרֹתֶֽיךָ | 1 | Here, grace refers to something that looks graceful or attractive to others. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and graceful ornaments for your neck” | |
325 | 3:22 | x4q3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וְ֝חֵ֗ן לְגַרְגְּרֹתֶֽיךָ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of “prudence” and “discretion” as if they were objects that a person could tie around the neck like a necklace. The image suggests that these are valuable things that the person displays outwardly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use similes. See how you translated a similar expression in 1:9. Alternate translation: “and a gracious display like a necklace around your neck” | |
326 | 3:23 | lr2g | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | אָ֤ז תֵּלֵ֣ךְ | 1 | Then here introduces more results of obeying the commands stated in 3:21. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate results. Alternate translation: “Having prudence and discretion will also result in you walking” | |
327 | 3:23 | k64j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | תֵּלֵ֣ךְ לָבֶ֣טַח דַּרְכֶּ֑ךָ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of living one’s life as if one were walking along a way. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you will live your life in security” | |
328 | 3:23 | hbrf | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | לָבֶ֣טַח | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of security, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “securely” | |
329 | 3:23 | uxka | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | וְ֝רַגְלְךָ֗ | 1 | Here, the word “foot” represents the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you” | |
330 | 3:23 | d5hd | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וְ֝רַגְלְךָ֗ לֹ֣א תִגּֽוֹף | 1 | Here, not stumble could refer to: (1) a person not experiencing harm, which is similar to the idea in the previous clause. Alternate translation: “and your foot will not be harmed” (2) not sinning, which stumble is a common metaphor for in other scripture. Alternate translation: “and you will not sin” | |
331 | 3:24 | f69h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | תִּשְׁכַּ֥ב & וְ֝שָׁכַבְתָּ֗ | 1 | In this verse, lie down implies lying down in order to sleep. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly, as in the UST. | |
332 | 3:25 | dxf0 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | מִפַּ֣חַד פִּתְאֹ֑ם וּמִשֹּׁאַ֥ת | 1 | If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of dread and devastation, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “of dreadful things that happen suddenly and of what devastates” | |
333 | 3:25 | ds94 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | וּמִשֹּׁאַ֥ת רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים | 1 | Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe the devastation that is experienced by the wicked ones. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and of the wicked ones being devastated” | |
334 | 3:25 | ri9q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | תָבֹֽא | 1 | Here, it refers to the devastation mentioned earlier in the verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “that devastation comes” | |
335 | 3:26 | zyov | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | כִּֽי | 1 | For here indicates that what follows is a reason for the command in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Do not be afraid of these things because” | |
336 | 3:26 | aw88 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | בְכִסְלֶ֑ךָ | 1 | Here, Solomon uses confidence to refer to the source of a person’s confidence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your source of confidence” | |
337 | 3:26 | gtf1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | בְכִסְלֶ֑ךָ | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of confidence, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “who makes you confident” | |
338 | 3:26 | z3ye | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וְשָׁמַ֖ר רַגְלְךָ֣ מִלָּֽכֶד | 1 | Here, “foot” represents the whole person. See how you translated the similar use of foot in 1:15. | |
339 | 3:26 | jc7f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וְשָׁמַ֖ר רַגְלְךָ֣ מִלָּֽכֶד | 1 | Here, Solomon refers to someone experiencing “sudden dread” or “devastation” as if the person were captured in a trap. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he will keep you from sudden dread or devastation” or “and he will keep you from harm” | |
340 | 3:27 | yl8a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | ט֥וֹב | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of good, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “something that is good” | |
341 | 3:27 | yag5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | מִבְּעָלָ֑יו | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of the good that people deserve as if they were its owners. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from those to whom it is due” | |
342 | 3:27 | sqz5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | בִּהְי֨וֹת לְאֵ֖ל יָדְךָ֣ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of being able to do something as if doing something was in the power of one’s hand. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when you have the ability” | |
343 | 3:28 | taqg | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | אַל־תֹּ֘אמַ֤ר לְרֵֽעֲךָ֨ | 1 | Solomon implies that the neighbor needs something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “When your neighbor needs something, do not say to your neighbor” | |
344 | 3:28 | r0kt | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | אֶתֵּ֗ן וְיֵ֣שׁ | 1 | In this verse, it refers to the thing that the neighbor needs. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I will give you what you need, yet that thing is” | |
345 | 3:28 | e1qg | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous | וְיֵ֣שׁ | 1 | Here, and indicates that what follows is true at the same time as the speaker is speaking in the previous clause. This means that the person speaking refuses to give something to someone even though he has it with him. You can make this clear in your translation with an appropriate connecting word or phrase. Alternate translation: “when it is” | |
346 | 3:29 | zok6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | אַל־תַּחֲרֹ֣שׁ & רָעָ֑ה | 1 | Here, plot evil implies someone plotting to do evil. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Do not scheme to do evil” | |
347 | 3:29 | rdiz | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | רָעָ֑ה | 1 | See how you translated the abstract noun evil in 1:16. | |
348 | 3:29 | yfoa | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | לָבֶ֣טַח | 1 | Here, securely implies that this person trusts you and does not expect to be harmed by you. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “trustfully” | |
349 | 3:29 | aheb | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | אִתָּֽךְ | 1 | Here, with you refers to being near someone. It does not mean these people dwell in the same house. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “near you” | |
350 | 3:30 | h9r7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun | אָדָ֣ם & לֹ֖א גְמָלְךָ֣ | 1 | Here, man and he represent a person in general, not one particular man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “a person … that person has not done you” | |
351 | 3:30 | ohzi | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure | חִנָּ֑ם אִם־לֹ֖א גְמָלְךָ֣ רָעָֽה | 1 | This clause gives the reason why such contending would be without cause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use change the sentence structure to show this explicitly. Alternate translation: “who has not done you evil. There is no reason to argue.” | |
352 | 3:30 | ykrq | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | רָעָֽה | 1 | See how you translated the abstract noun evil in 1:16. | |
353 | 3:31 | p0vm | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | בְּאִ֣ישׁ חָמָ֑ס | 1 | Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a man who is characterized by violence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “of a violent man” | |
354 | 3:31 | bqus | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun | בְּאִ֣ישׁ | 1 | Here, man represents a person in general, not one particular man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “of a person of” | |
355 | 3:31 | pae7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | דְּרָכָֽיו | 1 | Here, Solomon uses ways to refer to the behavior of a man of violence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the things he does” | |
356 | 3:31 | k7bc | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | וְאַל־תִּ֝בְחַ֗ר בְּכָל־דְּרָכָֽיו | 1 | Solomon assumes that his readers will understand that this command refers to choosing not to do something. You could include this information if that would be helpful to your readers. Alternate translation: “and do not choose to do anything he does” | |
357 | 3:32 | pi68 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | כִּ֤י | 1 | For here indicates that what follows is a reason for the command in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Do not do these things because” | |
358 | 3:32 | eu7k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | תוֹעֲבַ֣ת יְהוָ֣ה | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of abomination, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “is an abominable person to Yahweh” | |
359 | 3:32 | n8ed | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | נָל֑וֹז | 1 | Here, Solomon refers to someone who refuses to act righteously and deliberately does what is wicked as if that person goes astray from a path. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he who acts wickedly” | |
360 | 3:32 | uy1e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וְֽאֶת־יְשָׁרִ֥ים סוֹדֽוֹ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of Yahweh giving secret counsel to people as if it were an object that could be with those people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but to the upright ones he gives his secret counsel” | |
361 | 3:32 | bu8s | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | סוֹדֽוֹ | 1 | The phrase secret counsel refers to confidential conversation between friends. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “his confidential conversation” | |
362 | 3:33 | h6ns | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | מְאֵרַ֣ת יְ֭הוָה | 1 | Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a curse that comes from Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The curse from Yahweh” | |
363 | 3:33 | bsfg | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | בְּבֵ֣ית | 1 | Solomon speaks of the curse of Yahweh as if it were an object that he placed on top of the wicked person’s house. He means that Yahweh curses that house. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is against the house of” | |
364 | 3:33 | q866 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | בְּבֵ֣ית & וּנְוֵ֖ה & יְבָרֵֽךְ | 1 | Here, the words house and abode represent the families who live in those houses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is on the households of … but he blesses the households of” | |
365 | 3:34 | bb7k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | הֽוּא־יָלִ֑יץ | 1 | For emphasis, Solomon is stating the pronoun himself, whose meaning is already stated as he. If your language can state implied pronouns explicitly for emphasis, you may want to use that construction in your translation. Other languages may have other ways of bringing out this emphasis. The ULT does so by using the intensive pronoun himself. Alternate translation: “he indeed mocks” | |
366 | 3:34 | kb65 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | יִתֶּן־חֵֽן | 1 | The writer speaks of Yahweh favoring people as if his favor were an object that he gives to people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he acts favorably” or “he is gracious” | |
367 | 3:35 | y7vz | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | יִנְחָ֑לוּ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of wise people receiving honor as if honor were property or wealth that they could inherit from a family member. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Wise ones will receive honor” | |
368 | 3:35 | ly3i | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | כָּ֭בוֹד & קָלֽוֹן | 1 | If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of honor and dishonor, you could express the same ideas in other ways. See how you translated honor in 3:16. Alternate translation: “what is honorable … what is dishonorable” | |
369 | 3:35 | b6jx | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | מֵרִ֥ים | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of stupid people receiving dishonor as if their dishonor was lifted up for everyone to see. If it would be helpful in your language, you cold express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will receive” | |
370 | 4:intro | z4ah | 0 | Proverbs 4 General NotesStructure and formatting
Special concepts in this chapterMy SonOccasionally, Solomon addresses a series of proverbs to “my son” or “sons.” This does not mean that those proverbs only apply to males. Instead, these phrases are forms used to pass on advice from a father to his son, and the kind of advice in these proverbs is about common temptations of young men. Important figures of speech in this chapterPersonificationIn 4:6–9, wisdom is referred to as if it were a woman. In languages where it is possible for a woman figure to represent an abstract concept like wisdom, the translator should translate the personification directly. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate these personifications as similes instead. In that case, wisdom would be presented as being like a wise woman. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |||
371 | 4:1 | ik8v | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | שִׁמְע֣וּ | 1 | See how you translated Hear in 1:8. | |
372 | 4:1 | hqv1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | בָ֭נִים | 1 | Throughout chapters 1–9, Solomon alternates between using the plural sons and singular “son.” Many scholars think that Solomon does this in order to indicate that he is not only instructing one of his sons, but all of his readers as well. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “you children” | |
373 | 4:1 | rao5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | מ֣וּסַר & בִּינָֽה | 1 | See how you translated the abstract nouns instruction and understanding in 1:2. | |
374 | 4:1 | zck6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person | אָ֑ב | 1 | Here, Solomon is speaking about himself in the third person. If this would not be natural in your language, you could use the first person form. Alternate translation: “me, your father” | |
375 | 4:2 | s4lm | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | כִּ֤י | 1 | For here indicates that what follows is a reason for the commands in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Hear these instructions because” | |
376 | 4:2 | paf3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you | לָכֶ֑ם | 1 | Here, you is plural and refers to the “sons” referred to in the previous verse. | |
377 | 4:2 | emym | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | תּֽ֝וֹרָתִ֗י אַֽל־תַּעֲזֹֽבוּ | 1 | This clause is the result of what came before in the previous clause. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a result of what came before. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “This is why you must not forsake my law” | |
378 | 4:2 | szcm | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes | אַֽל־תַּעֲזֹֽבוּ | 1 | See how you translated this phrase in 1:8. | |
379 | 4:2 | bzrs | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns | תּֽ֝וֹרָתִ֗י | 1 | See how you translated the collective noun law in 1:8. | |
380 | 4:3 | y999 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | כִּי־בֵ֭ן הָיִ֣יתִי לְאָבִ֑י | 1 | When here indicates that what follows refers to the time when Solomon was a child and still lived under his father’s care. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “When I was still a boy learning from my father” | |
381 | 4:3 | n5ke | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys | רַ֥ךְ וְ֝יָחִ֗יד | 1 | This phrase expresses a single idea by using two words connected with and. The word tender tells what the only one was like. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express this meaning with an equivalent phrase that does not use and. Alternate translation: “the tender only one” | |
382 | 4:3 | ev51 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | וְ֝יָחִ֗יד | 1 | Here, only one could mean: (1) he was his mother’s only child. Alternate translation: “and only child” (2) he was a unique child of his mother. Alternate translation: “and unique one” | |
383 | 4:3 | wjy8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | לִפְנֵ֥י אִמִּֽי | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of his mother considering him to be the tender and only one as if he were before her face. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “according to my mother” or “in my mother’s estimation” | |
384 | 4:4 | yg9r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | וַיֹּרֵ֗נִי | 1 | Here, he refers to Solomon’s father. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly, as in the UST. | |
385 | 4:4 | b7y3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | לִבֶּ֑ךָ | 1 | See how you translated the same use of heart in 2:2. | |
386 | 4:4 | w8fa | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | יִֽתְמָךְ & לִבֶּ֑ךָ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of remembering words as if the heart were holding on tightly to them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Let your heart remember” | |
387 | 4:4 | jcen | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | דְּבָרַ֥י | 1 | See how you translated the similar use of my words in 1:23. | |
388 | 4:4 | kgqa | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | מִצְוֺתַ֣י | 1 | See how you translated the abstract noun commandments in 2:1. | |
389 | 4:4 | f7zk | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | וֶֽחְיֵֽה | 1 | Here, and introduces the result of obeying the command stated in the previous phrase. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “and it will result in you living” | |
390 | 4:5 | ft42 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | חָ֭כְמָה & בִינָ֑ה | 1 | See how you translated the abstract nouns wisdom and understanding in 1:2. | |
391 | 4:5 | m9r6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes | אַל־תִּשְׁכַּ֥ח וְאַל־תֵּ֝֗ט מֵֽאִמְרֵי־פִֽי | 1 | Here, the phrases do not forget and do not veer from are figures of speech that express strongly positive meanings by using a negative word, not, together with expressions that are the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meanings. Alternate translation: “remember and keep going in the direction of the sayings of my mouth” | |
392 | 4:5 | l92p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | אַל־תִּשְׁכַּ֥ח וְאַל־תֵּ֝֗ט מֵֽאִמְרֵי־פִֽי | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of not forgetting something as if a person were not veering off of a path. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “do not forget and do not stop remembering the sayings of my mouth” | |
393 | 4:5 | fb3y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet | אַל־תִּשְׁכַּ֥ח וְאַל־תֵּ֝֗ט מֵֽאִמְרֵי־פִֽי | 1 | Here, the terms forget and veer mean similar things. Solomon is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “certainly do not forget the sayings of my mouth” | |
394 | 4:5 | m3uv | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | מֵֽאִמְרֵי־פִֽי | 1 | Here, mouth represents Solomon’s father himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from my sayings” | |
395 | 4:6 | vrf5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes | אַל־תַּעַזְבֶ֥הָ | 1 | See how you translated Do not forsake in 1:8. | |
396 | 4:6 | xx1v | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | וְתִשְׁמְרֶ֑ךָּ & וְתִצְּרֶֽךָּ | 1 | Both occurrences of and in this verse indicate that what follows are the results of the phrases that precede them. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate results. Alternate translation: “and it will result in her preserving you … and it will result in her guarding you” | |
397 | 4:6 | zc73 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | אַל־תַּעַזְבֶ֥הָ וְתִשְׁמְרֶ֑ךָּ אֱהָבֶ֥הָ וְתִצְּרֶֽךָּ | 1 | In 4:6–9 Solomon speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “Do not forsake wisdom and wisdom will be like a woman who preserves you; love wisdom and wisdom will be like a woman who guards you” | |
398 | 4:7 | zu2p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | רֵאשִׁ֣ית חָ֭כְמָה | 1 | Here, beginning could refer to: (1) the most important thing. Alternate translation: “the most important thing is wisdom” or “wisdom is supreme” (2) the foundation or basis of something, as it means in 1:7. Alternate translation: “the foundation of wisdom” or “the prerequisite for acquiring wisdom” | |
399 | 4:7 | guq5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | קְנֵ֣ה חָכְמָ֑ה & קְנֵ֣ה בִינָֽה | 1 | See how you translated these phrases in 4:5. | |
400 | 4:7 | qcf1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns | וּבְכָל־קִ֝נְיָנְךָ֗ | 1 | The word acquisition here is singular in form, but it refers to all of a person’s possessions as a group. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this plainly. Alternate translation: “And with all your acquisitions” or “And with everything that you acquire” | |
401 | 4:7 | b9ip | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | וּבְכָל־קִ֝נְיָנְךָ֗ | 1 | Here, all your acquisition implies the price of everything that someone has acquired. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “And with the price of all your acquisition” or “And with the price of all you possess” | |
402 | 4:8 | pa2i | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | סַלְסְלֶ֥הָ וּֽתְרוֹמְמֶ֑ךָּ תְּ֝כַבֵּ֗דְךָ כִּ֣י תְחַבְּקֶֽנָּה | 1 | In this verse, Solomon speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “Cherish wisdom and wisdom will be like a woman who raises you up; wisdom will be like a woman who honors you when you embrace her” | |
403 | 4:8 | x13z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | סַלְסְלֶ֥הָ וּֽתְרוֹמְמֶ֑ךָּ | 1 | Here, and introduces the result of obeying the command stated in the previous phrase. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. Alternate translation: “If you cherish her, then she will raise you up” or “Cherish her and it will result in her raising you up” | |
404 | 4:8 | k4fl | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וּֽתְרוֹמְמֶ֑ךָּ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of a wise person receiving honor as if wisdom were raising that person up. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and she will cause you to be honored” | |
405 | 4:8 | oyxz | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | תְּ֝כַבֵּ֗דְךָ | 1 | Here, Solomon implies that wisdom will cause people to honor the person who embraces her. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “she will cause people to honor you” | |
406 | 4:8 | o4nx | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | תְחַבְּקֶֽנָּה | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of someone valuing wisdom as if he were embracing a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you value wisdom” | |
407 | 4:9 | bft9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | תִּתֵּ֣ן לְ֭רֹאשְׁךָ לִוְיַת־חֵ֑ן עֲטֶ֖רֶת תִּפְאֶ֣רֶת תְּמַגְּנֶֽךָּ | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “She will give for your head a garland of grace; yes, with a crown of splendor she will cover you” | |
408 | 4:9 | z38e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | תִּתֵּ֣ן לְ֭רֹאשְׁךָ לִוְיַת־חֵ֑ן עֲטֶ֖רֶת תִּפְאֶ֣רֶת תְּמַגְּנֶֽךָּ | 1 | In this verse, Solomon speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “Wisdom will be like a woman who gives a garland of grace for your head; wisdom will be like a woman who covers you with a crown of splendor” | |
409 | 4:9 | beu8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | לִוְיַת־חֵ֑ן | 1 | See how you translated this phrase in 1:9. | |
410 | 4:9 | z184 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | עֲטֶ֖רֶת תִּפְאֶ֣רֶת תְּמַגְּנֶֽךָּ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of the honor that a person will have from gaining wisdom as if wisdom placed a crown upon that person’s head. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “wisdom will cause people to honor you” or “wisdom will be like someone who puts a crown of splendor on your head” | |
411 | 4:9 | py0o | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | עֲטֶ֖רֶת תִּפְאֶ֣רֶת | 1 | Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a crown that is characterized by splendor. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “with a splendorous crown” | |
412 | 4:10 | p1f4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | שְׁמַ֣ע | 1 | See how you translated the same use of Hear in 1:8. | |
413 | 4:10 | ucq5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | וְיִרְבּ֥וּ | 1 | Here, and introduces the result of obeying the commands stated in the previous clause. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “If you do these things, then they will multiply” or “This will result in them multiplying” | |
414 | 4:10 | l7bx | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וְיִרְבּ֥וּ לְ֝ךָ֗ שְׁנ֣וֹת חַיִּֽים | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of his sayings as if they were able to cause someone to live longer. He means that someone who obeys his sayings will live longer than if they did not do so. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and obey my sayings will multiply for you the years of life” | |
415 | 4:10 | t094 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | שְׁנ֣וֹת חַיִּֽים | 1 | Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe the years that a person lives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the years that you are alive” | |
416 | 4:11 | h1ql | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ חָ֭כְמָה | 1 | Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a way that is characterized by wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “in the wise way” | |
417 | 4:11 | zzp9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ חָ֭כְמָה | 1 | Here, the way refers to how people behave or live their lives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the wise behavior” or “how to behave wisely” | |
418 | 4:11 | i8u1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | הִ֝דְרַכְתִּ֗יךָ בְּמַעְגְּלֵי־יֹֽשֶׁר | 1 | Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe tracks that are characterized by uprightness. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “I caused you to tread in the upright tracks” | |
419 | 4:11 | m6c7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | הִ֝דְרַכְתִּ֗יךָ בְּמַעְגְּלֵי־יֹֽשֶׁר | 1 | Here, Solomon refers to how people behave or live their lives as if they tread in tracks on a path. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I caused you to behave uprightly” | |
420 | 4:12 | xxp4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | בְּֽ֭לֶכְתְּךָ לֹא־יֵצַ֣ר צַעֲדֶ֑ךָ וְאִם־תָּ֝ר֗וּץ לֹ֣א תִכָּשֵֽׁל | 1 | These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “When you walk, your step will not be restricted; yes, if you run, you will not stumble” | |
421 | 4:12 | dnyj | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | בְּֽ֭לֶכְתְּךָ לֹא־יֵצַ֣ר צַעֲדֶ֑ךָ וְאִם־תָּ֝ר֗וּץ לֹ֣א תִכָּשֵֽׁל | 1 | In this verse, Solomon refers to what people do as if they were walking or running along paths, and he refers to their success in what they do as if the paths were free of obstacles that might make the person stumble. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “When you do something, you will not be hindered; and if you attempt to do something, you will not fail” | |
422 | 4:12 | e986 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes | לֹא־יֵצַ֣ר & לֹ֣א תִכָּשֵֽׁל | 1 | Solomon is using a figure of speech in these two phrases that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, not, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “will be free … you will keep going” | |
423 | 4:13 | d7gk | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | הַחֲזֵ֣ק בַּמּוּסָ֣ר אַל־תֶּ֑רֶף | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of a person remembering instruction as if it were an object that the person could grasp and not let go of. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated grasp in 3:18. Alternate translation: “Keep on remembering instruction, do not forget it” | |
424 | 4:13 | o3nx | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | בַּמּוּסָ֣ר | 1 | See how you translated the abstract noun instruction in 1:2. | |
425 | 4:13 | b1b6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes | אַל־תֶּ֑רֶף | 1 | Solomon is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, not, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “keep holding on to it” | |
426 | 4:13 | vymy | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | נִ֝צְּרֶ֗הָ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of instruction as if it were an object that someone should guard. He means that he wants his son to remember to do what he has taught him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated a similar use of guard in 3:21. Alternate translation: “remember to practice it” | |
427 | 4:13 | ljf9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | הִ֥יא חַיֶּֽיךָ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of instruction preserving a person’s life as if it were that person’s life itself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it will preserve your life” | |
428 | 4:14 | hyi4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | בְּאֹ֣רַח רְ֭שָׁעִים אַל־תָּבֹ֑א וְאַל־תְּ֝אַשֵּׁ֗ר בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ רָעִֽים | 1 | These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “On the path of wicked ones do not go, yes, do not advance on the way of evil ones” | |
429 | 4:14 | gi8l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | בְּאֹ֣רַח & בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ | 1 | See how you translated the similar use of “paths” and “ways” in 3:6. | |
430 | 4:15 | cr8d | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | פְּרָעֵ֥הוּ & בּ֑וֹ & מֵעָלָ֣יו | 1 | In this verse, the pronoun it refers to “the way of evil ones” mentioned in the previous verse. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Avoid the way of evil ones … that way … from that evil way” | |
431 | 4:15 | hi51 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | פְּרָעֵ֥הוּ אַל־תַּעֲבָר־בּ֑וֹ שְׂטֵ֖ה מֵעָלָ֣יו וַעֲבֽוֹר | 1 | In this verse, Solomon speaks of behaving wickedly as if it were a path that people could pass through, veer from, and pass on. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Avoid acting evilly, do not try it; completely avoid doing evil and do not even think about it” | |
432 | 4:16 | w2ac | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | כִּ֤י | 1 | For here indicates that what follows are reasons why someone should avoid doing evil, as stated in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Avoid acting wickedly because” | |
433 | 4:16 | vx6n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | לֹ֣א יִֽ֭שְׁנוּ אִם־לֹ֣א יָרֵ֑עוּ וְֽנִגְזְלָ֥ה שְׁ֝נָתָ֗ם אִם־לֹ֥א יַכְשִֽׁילוּ | 1 | In this verse, the pronoun they refers to the wicked people mentioned in 4:14. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the instruction and law from your parents are a garland of grace” or “wicked ones do not sleep if they do not do evil and the sleep of wicked ones is robbed if those wicked ones do not cause stumbling” | |
434 | 4:16 | n1jz | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole | לֹ֣א יִֽ֭שְׁנוּ אִם־לֹ֣א יָרֵ֑עוּ וְֽנִגְזְלָ֥ה שְׁ֝נָתָ֗ם אִם־לֹ֥א יַכְשִֽׁילוּ | 1 | In these two clauses, Solomon exaggerates to express how intensely these wicked people desire to do evil actions. Solomon did not mean that these people really did not sleep without doing evil. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different way to express the emphasis. Alternate translation: “they desire to do evil so much that it is as if they cannot sleep unless they have done evil” | |
435 | 4:16 | md91 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וְֽנִגְזְלָ֥ה שְׁ֝נָתָ֗ם | 1 | Here, Solomon is speaking of not being able to sleep as if sleep were an object that someone could be robbed of. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they are not able to sleep” | |
436 | 4:16 | bvp7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | אִם־לֹ֥א יַכְשִֽׁילוּ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of causing harm to another person as if it were causing that person to stumble. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “if they do not harm someone” | |
437 | 4:17 | ld87 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | כִּ֣י | 1 | For here indicates that what follows are more reasons why someone should avoid doing evil, as commanded in 4:15. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Avoid acting wickedly because” | |
438 | 4:17 | w41y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | לָ֭חֲמוּ & יִשְׁתּֽוּ | 1 | In this verse, the pronoun they refers to the wicked people mentioned in 4:14. If it would be clearer in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “wicked ones eat … wicked ones drink” | |
439 | 4:17 | vfi9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | לָ֭חֲמוּ לֶ֣חֶם רֶ֑שַׁע וְיֵ֖ין חֲמָסִ֣ים יִשְׁתּֽוּ | 1 | These two clauses could mean: (1) these wicked people do acts of wickedness and violence as regularly as they eat bread and drink wine. Alternate translation: “wickedness is like the bread that they eat and violence is like the wine that they drink” or (2) these wicked people do acts of wickedness and violence in order to get their bread and wine. Alternate translation: “they eat bread that they obtain by doing wicked things and they drink wine that they obtain through violent acts” | |
440 | 4:18 | w7hu | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וְאֹ֣רַח צַ֭דִּיקִים | 1 | Here, path could refer to: (1) the things that people experience during their lives. Alternate translation: “But what the righteous ones experience” (2) how people behave, as it does in 1:15. Alternate translation: “But the lifestyle of the righteous ones” | |
441 | 4:18 | y8l4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | כְּא֣וֹר נֹ֑גַהּ | 1 | Here, the light of brightness refers to the first sunlight that appears in the morning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “is like the light of dawn” or “is like the first sunlight in the morning” | |
442 | 4:18 | etf9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | כְּא֣וֹר נֹ֑גַהּ | 1 | Here, Solomon compares the path of the righteous ones to the light that appears at sunrise. He means that righteous people are safe because they understand what God wants them to do during their lives, just like people can walk safely on a path because the light enables them to see where they are going. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is safe” | |
443 | 4:18 | jv88 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | הוֹלֵ֥ךְ וָ֝א֗וֹר עַד־נְכ֥וֹן הַיּֽוֹם | 1 | The phrase the day is established refers to the time of day when the sun shines the brightest. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “going and shining until the sun shines the brightest” or “going and shining brighter until full daylight” | |
444 | 4:18 | i5k7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | הוֹלֵ֥ךְ וָ֝א֗וֹר עַד־נְכ֥וֹן הַיּֽוֹם | 1 | Here, Solomon continues the comparison of the path of the righteous ones to the light at sunrise. Just like the sunlight shines increasingly brighter from sunrise until the middle of the day, so also the righteous ones will be safer and safer as they understand more and more of how God wants them to live. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “increasing in safety until they are completely safe” | |
445 | 4:19 | bqj5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | דֶּ֣רֶךְ | 1 | Here, way has the same meaning as “path” in the previous verse. See how you translated “path” there. | |
446 | 4:19 | mj9l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | כָּֽאֲפֵלָ֑ה | 1 | Here, Solomon compares the way of the wicked ones to darkness. He means that the wicked people are always in danger, just like people who walk in darkness are in danger because they cannot see where they are going. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is dangerous” | |
447 | 4:19 | m9yh | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | לֹ֥א יָ֝דְע֗וּ בַּמֶּ֥ה יִכָּשֵֽׁלוּ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of people experiencing harm as if they were stumbling over an object in the path they were walking on. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they do not know why they experience harm” | |
448 | 4:20 | x1dn | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | לִדְבָרַ֣י הַקְשִׁ֑יבָה לַ֝אֲמָרַ֗י הַט־אָזְנֶֽךָ | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “listen attentively to my words, yes, incline your ear to my sayings” | |
449 | 4:20 | w8jd | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | לִדְבָרַ֣י | 1 | See how you translated my words in 1:23. | |
450 | 4:20 | kji2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | הַט־אָזְנֶֽךָ | 1 | The phrase incline your ear is an idiom that refers to listening carefully to what someone is saying as if the listener was turning his ear toward the person speaking. If this phrase does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “listen carefully” | |
451 | 4:21 | zdv5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | אַל־יַלִּ֥יזוּ מֵעֵינֶ֑יךָ | 1 | See how you translated this clause in 3:21. | |
452 | 4:21 | cb9d | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | שָׁ֝מְרֵ֗ם בְּת֣וֹךְ לְבָבֶֽךָ | 1 | See how you translated the same use of heart in 2:2. | |
453 | 4:21 | a189 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | שָׁ֝מְרֵ֗ם בְּת֣וֹךְ לְבָבֶֽךָ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of remembering something as if someone were keeping it in the midst of his heart. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “always remember them” | |
454 | 4:22 | ihlw | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | הֵ֭ם לְמֹצְאֵיהֶ֑ם | 1 | In this verse, the pronouns they and them refer to the “sayings” mentioned in 4:20. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “my sayings … to those who find my sayings” | |
455 | 4:22 | jnu1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | חַיִּ֣ים הֵ֭ם לְמֹצְאֵיהֶ֑ם | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of his sayings as if they were the lives of those who remember them. He means that those who remember what he says will preserve their lives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “they preserve the life of those who find them” or “they cause those who find them to keep living” | |
456 | 4:22 | lby5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | לְמֹצְאֵיהֶ֑ם | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of people remembering his sayings as if those people have found them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to those who remember them” | |
457 | 4:22 | rxml | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | וּֽלְכָל־בְּשָׂר֥וֹ מַרְפֵּֽא | 1 | Here, Solomon uses the word flesh to refer to a person’s whole body, which is made of flesh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and healing to all of his body” | |
458 | 4:22 | hqbe | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations | בְּשָׂר֥וֹ | 1 | Although his is masculine, here it refers to anyone who remembers Solomon’s sayings. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a person’s flesh” | |
459 | 4:22 | d57y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וּֽלְכָל־בְּשָׂר֥וֹ מַרְפֵּֽא | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of his sayings as if they were healing for those who remember them. He means that those who remember what he says will have healthy bodies. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and they preserve their health” or “and they cause their bodies to stay healthy” | |
460 | 4:23 | tgel | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | נְצֹ֣ר לִבֶּ֑ךָ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of a person being careful of what he thinks in his heart as if his heart were an object that could be guarded. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Protect what you think in your heart” | |
461 | 4:23 | pf19 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | לִבֶּ֑ךָ | 1 | See how you translated the same use of heart in 2:2. | |
462 | 4:23 | klv3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | מִֽכָּל־מִ֭שְׁמָר | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “more than all that you protect” | |
463 | 4:23 | orad | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | מִֽכָּל־מִ֭שְׁמָר | 1 | This phrase is an idiom that means “with all diligence.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your language or express the meaning plainly. Alternative translation: “with utmost diligence” | |
464 | 4:23 | n8vd | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | מִ֝מֶּ֗נּוּ | 1 | Here, it refers to the heart, which refers to a person’s mind. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “from your heart” or “from your mind” | |
465 | 4:23 | gmwo | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | מִ֝מֶּ֗נּוּ תּוֹצְא֥וֹת חַיִּֽים | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of the influence that a person’s heart has over what happens in that person’s life as if the heart were sources that produce life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “from your heart comes what will direct your life” or “your mind determines what your life will be like” | |
466 | 4:24 | jv11 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | הָסֵ֣ר מִ֭מְּךָ עִקְּשׁ֣וּת פֶּ֑ה וּלְז֥וּת שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם הַרְחֵ֥ק מִמֶּֽךָּ | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Remove from you perversity of mouth, yes, the deviousness of lips put far away from you” | |
467 | 4:24 | a2sw | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | הָסֵ֣ר מִ֭מְּךָ עִקְּשׁ֣וּת פֶּ֑ה וּלְז֥וּת שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם הַרְחֵ֥ק מִמֶּֽךָּ | 1 | The phrases perversity of mouth and deviousness of lips both refer to someone using his mouth or lips to speak deceitfully. If these phrases do not have that meaning in your language, you could use idioms from your language that do have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Remove from you perverse speech, and devious speech put far away from you” | |
468 | 4:24 | tdwn | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | הָסֵ֣ר מִ֭מְּךָ עִקְּשׁ֣וּת פֶּ֑ה וּלְז֥וּת שְׂ֝פָתַ֗יִם הַרְחֵ֥ק מִמֶּֽךָּ | 1 | In this verse, Solomon speaks of perversity of mouth and the deviousness of lips as if they were objects that someone could Remove or put far away. He means that a person should not speak deceitfully. If it would be helpful in your language you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not speak perversely, and do not speak deviously” | |
469 | 4:25 | d1zl | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | עֵ֭ינֶיךָ לְנֹ֣כַח יַבִּ֑יטוּ וְ֝עַפְעַפֶּ֗יךָ יַיְשִׁ֥רוּ נֶגְדֶּֽךָ | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Cause your eyes to gaze to the front, yes, cause your eyelids to be straight in front of you” | |
470 | 4:25 | il8g | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | עֵ֭ינֶיךָ לְנֹ֣כַח יַבִּ֑יטוּ וְ֝עַפְעַפֶּ֗יךָ יַיְשִׁ֥רוּ נֶגְדֶּֽךָ | 1 | In this verse, eyes and eyelids represent the person who is looking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Cause yourself to gaze to the front, and cause yourself to look straight in front of you” | |
471 | 4:25 | wkv8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | עֵ֭ינֶיךָ לְנֹ֣כַח יַבִּ֑יטוּ וְ֝עַפְעַפֶּ֗יךָ יַיְשִׁ֥רוּ נֶגְדֶּֽךָ | 1 | In these two clauses, Solomon speaks of committing oneself to behaving wisely and righteously as if those qualities were always in front of the person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Keep yourself focused on doing what is right, and keep looking ahead to what is good” | |
472 | 4:26 | mnhf | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | פַּ֭לֵּס | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of being careful as if someone were making the ground in front of them flat. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Be careful with” or “Take heed to” | |
473 | 4:26 | nt2z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | מַעְגַּ֣ל רַגְלֶ֑ךָ | 1 | Here the word foot represents the whole person who is walking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your track” | |
474 | 4:26 | g2a2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | מַעְגַּ֣ל רַגְלֶ֑ךָ | 1 | Here, track refers to how someone behaves. See how you translated the same use of track in 2:9. | |
475 | 4:26 | uxsk | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | וְֽכָל | 1 | Here, and introduces the result of obeying the command stated in the previous clause. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “If you do this, then all” or “This will result in all” | |
476 | 4:26 | xyn9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | דְּרָכֶ֥יךָ | 1 | See how you translated the same use of ways in 3:6. | |
477 | 4:26 | gbd3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | יִכֹּֽנוּ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of person’s life being successful as if that person were walking safely on solid ground. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will be successful” | |
478 | 4:27 | h89u | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism | אַֽל־תֵּט־יָמִ֥ין וּשְׂמֹ֑אול | 1 | Here, Solomon uses right and left to refer to going in any direction other than straight ahead. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not go in any direction other than straight ahead” | |
479 | 4:27 | vmyt | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor | אַֽל־תֵּט־יָמִ֥ין וּשְׂמֹ֑אול הָסֵ֖ר רַגְלְךָ֣ מֵרָֽע | 1 | In this verse, Solomon continues to make an extended comparison between how a person behaves and a person walking on a path that he should not veer or turn away from. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not stop behaving rightly, make yourself avoid doing evil” | |
480 | 4:27 | j3tn | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | רַגְלְךָ֣ | 1 | See how you translated the same use of foot in the previous verse. | |
481 | 4:27 | jh5o | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | מֵרָֽע | 1 | See how you translated from evil in 3:7. | |
482 | 5:intro | jxf1 | 0 | Proverbs 5 General NotesStructure and formatting
Special concepts in this chapterMy SonOccasionally, Solomon addresses a series of proverbs to “my son” or “sons.” This does not mean that those proverbs only apply to males. Instead, these phrases are forms used to pass on advice from a father to his son, and the kind of advice in these proverbs is about common temptations of young men. AdulteressThis chapter repeatedly warns young men to avoid any adulterous woman, who is called “strange” and “foreign.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]]) Important figures of speech in this chapterEuphemismIn 5:15–20, Solomon uses several euphemisms to refer to sexual activity between a man and his wife or an adulterous woman. Although the UST expresses the meaning of these euphemisms plainly, only do so if sexual language would not be offensive in your culture. It is usually best to use a euphemism from your own language that means the same thing. | |||
483 | 5:1 | lh1j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | לְחָכְמָתִ֣י הַקְשִׁ֑יבָה לִ֝תְבוּנָתִ֗י הַט־אָזְנֶֽךָ | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “listen attentively to my wisdom, yes, incline your ear to my understanding” | |
484 | 5:1 | vi27 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | לְחָכְמָתִ֣י & לִ֝תְבוּנָתִ֗י | 1 | See how you translated the abstract nouns wisdom and understanding in 1:2. | |
485 | 5:1 | t72r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | לְחָכְמָתִ֣י & לִ֝תְבוּנָתִ֗י | 1 | Here, my wisdom and my understanding refer to the wise lessons that Solomon teaches his son and what he tells his son to understand. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “to my wise lessons … to what I tell you to understand” | |
486 | 5:1 | nl9h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | הַט־אָזְנֶֽךָ | 1 | See how you translated this idiom in 4:20. | |
487 | 5:2 | ntln | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | לִשְׁמֹ֥ר מְזִמּ֑וֹת וְ֝דַ֗עַת & יִנְצֹֽרוּ | 1 | In this verse, Solomon speaks of discretion as if it were an object that someone should keep, and knowledge as if it were an object that someone’s lips should guard. He means that he wants his son to preserve or remember what he has taught him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in order to preserve discretion, and your lips may preserve knowledge” | |
488 | 5:2 | cei4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | מְזִמּ֑וֹת | 1 | See how you translated the abstract nouns discretion in 1:4. | |
489 | 5:2 | la7f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | וְ֝דַ֗עַת שְׂפָתֶ֥יךָ יִנְצֹֽרוּ | 1 | Here, lips represents the person who speaks by moving the lips. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you may guard knowledge by what you say” | |
490 | 5:2 | uilu | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | וְ֝דַ֗עַת | 1 | Here, knowledge refers to what the son has learned from his father. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and … what you have learned” | |
491 | 5:3 | fyuw | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | כִּ֤י | 1 | For here indicates that what follows is a reason why someone should obey the commands introduced in 5:1. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Do what I say because” | |
492 | 5:3 | zxr9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | שִׂפְתֵ֣י זָרָ֑ה & חִכָּֽהּ | 1 | Here, lips and palate represent the words that the strange woman speaks. If it would be helpful in your language, you cold express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “what a strange woman says … is what she says” | |
493 | 5:3 | dvhv | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | זָרָ֑ה | 1 | See how you translated strange woman in 2:16. | |
494 | 5:3 | z9rm | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | נֹ֣פֶת תִּ֭טֹּפְנָה & וְחָלָ֖ק מִשֶּׁ֣מֶן | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of the tempting words that the strange woman speaks is as if what she says is like fresh honey and oil. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “are delightful like fresh honey and more pleasant than oil” | |
495 | 5:4 | p23o | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | וְֽ֭אַחֲרִיתָהּ | 1 | Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe the aftermath of having a sexual relationship with an adulterous woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “but the aftermath of having a sexual relationship with her” | |
496 | 5:4 | m3sn | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | כַֽלַּעֲנָ֑ה | 1 | The word wormwood refers to a plant that tastes bitter. People made medicine out of it, but they also believed that it was poisonous. If your readers would not be familiar with this plant, you could use the name of a bitter-tasting plant in your area, or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “like a bitter-tasting plant” | |
497 | 5:4 | pd3g | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | מָרָ֣ה כַֽלַּעֲנָ֑ה | 1 | Here, Solomon compares the harm that comes from having a relationship with an adulterous woman to tasting bitter wormwood. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “is harmful like bitter-tasting wormwood” | |
498 | 5:4 | j9aa | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | חַ֝דָּ֗ה כְּחֶ֣רֶב פִּיּֽוֹת | 1 | Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “her aftermath is sharp like a sword with mouths” | |
499 | 5:4 | fcsc | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | חַ֝דָּ֗ה כְּחֶ֣רֶב פִּיּֽוֹת | 1 | The phrase sword of mouths refers to a sword with a blade that is sharp on both sides. Each side can cut a person like a mouth that bites. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “sharp like a sword with a blade that is sharp on both sides” | |
500 | 5:4 | jy84 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | חַ֝דָּ֗ה כְּחֶ֣רֶב פִּיּֽוֹת | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of the pain that the adulteress will cause to the one who has a relationship with her as if it were a sharp sword that cuts the person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it wounds a person, as if it were a sharp sword of mouths” | |
501 | 5:5 | uyhc | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | רַ֭גְלֶיהָ יֹרְד֣וֹת מָ֑וֶת שְׁ֝א֗וֹל צְעָדֶ֥יהָ יִתְמֹֽכוּ | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Her feet are going down to death; yes, her steps take hold of Sheol” | |
502 | 5:5 | kc88 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | רַ֭גְלֶיהָ יֹרְד֣וֹת מָ֑וֶת שְׁ֝א֗וֹל צְעָדֶ֥יהָ יִתְמֹֽכוּ | 1 | The phrases her feet and her steps could refer to: (1) the behavior of the adulterous woman as if she were walking along a path. Alternate translation: “Her lifestyle goes down to death; her way of living takes hold of Sheol” (2) the adulterous woman. Alternate translation: “She goes down to death; she takes hold of Sheol” | |
503 | 5:5 | u7m0 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | יֹרְד֣וֹת מָ֑וֶת | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of the behavior of the adulterous woman causer her death and the death of whoever commits adultery with her as if they were going on a path that leadsdown to death. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “result in death” or “cause them to die” | |
504 | 5:5 | g7qf | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | שְׁ֝א֗וֹל & יִתְמֹֽכוּ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of the behavior of the adulterous woman causing her death and the death of whoever commits adultery with her as if they were taking hold of Sheol, which is the place where people’s spirits go when they die. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “result in death” or “cause them to die” | |
505 | 5:6 | yot0 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | אֹ֣רַח חַ֭יִּים פֶּן־תְּפַלֵּ֑ס | 1 | Lest here implies that the adulterous woman has an aversion to the path of life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “She refuses to observe the path of life” | |
506 | 5:6 | nxc1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | אֹ֣רַח חַ֭יִּים פֶּן־תְּפַלֵּ֑ס | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of behavior that results in living a long life as if it were a path that leads to life and can be observed. If it would be helpful for your readers, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Lest she cares about behavior that leads to life” | |
507 | 5:6 | iki3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | מַ֝עְגְּלֹתֶ֗יהָ | 1 | See how you translated the same use of tracks in 2:15. | |
508 | 5:7 | dwp8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases | וְעַתָּ֣ה | 1 | And now here indicates a transition from the description of the adulterous woman in 5:3–6 to the call to pay attention that follows. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a transition. Alternate translation: “Next” | |
509 | 5:7 | ry9i | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | וְעַתָּ֣ה בָ֭נִים שִׁמְעוּ־לִ֑י וְאַל־תָּ֝ס֗וּרוּ מֵאִמְרֵי־פִֽי | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than and that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “And now, sons, listen to me; yes, do not turn aside from the sayings of my mouth” | |
510 | 5:7 | lt5l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | בָ֭נִים | 1 | Throughout chapters 1–9, Solomon alternates between using the plural sons and singular “son.” Many scholars think that Solomon does this in order to indicate that he is not only instructing one of his sons, but all of his readers as well. See how you translated sons in 4:1. | |
511 | 5:7 | e4q8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וְאַל־תָּ֝ס֗וּרוּ מֵאִמְרֵי־פִֽי | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of someone not listening to someone else as if the person physically turned away from what he was saying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “do not stop listening to the sayings of my mouth” | |
512 | 5:7 | zb82 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes | וְאַל־תָּ֝ס֗וּרוּ מֵאִמְרֵי־פִֽי | 1 | Here, Solomon uses a figure of speech that expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning positively. Alternate translation: “and listen to the sayings of my mouth” | |
513 | 5:7 | ih1h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | מֵאִמְרֵי־פִֽי | 1 | See how you translated the sayings of my mouth in 4:5. | |
514 | 5:8 | y32e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | הַרְחֵ֣ק מֵעָלֶ֣יהָ דַרְכֶּ֑ךָ | 1 | Here, way represents the person and their daily activities. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Keep yourself far away from her” | |
515 | 5:8 | rv57 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | מֵעָלֶ֣יהָ & בֵּיתָֽהּ | 1 | In this verse, her refers to the adulterous woman described in 5:3–6. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “from an adulteress … the house of an adulteress” | |
516 | 5:8 | jw5h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-go | וְאַל־תִּ֝קְרַ֗ב | 1 | In a context such as this, your language might say “go” instead of come. Alternate translation: “and do not go near” | |
517 | 5:9 | pl7u | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases | פֶּן | 1 | Lest here indicates that what follows in this verse is what would happen to people if they do not obey the commands in the previous verse. Use a natural form in your language for connecting this statement to the previous one. Alternate translation: “If you do this, then” | |
518 | 5:9 | b54w | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | תִּתֵּ֣ן לַאֲחֵרִ֣ים הוֹדֶ֑ךָ | 1 | Here, splendor could refer to: (1) everything that a person achieves during the time in a person’s life when he is the strongest, which would be the same meaning as your years in the next clause. Alternate translation: “you give to others your vigor” or “you give to others your achievements from your vigorous time of life” (2) a person’s reputation, in which case this clause would refer to a person getting a bad reputation. Alternate translation: “you will lose your good reputation with others” | |
519 | 5:9 | bc5b | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | וּ֝שְׁנֹתֶ֗יךָ | 1 | Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and lest you give your years” | |
520 | 5:9 | bqa1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | וּ֝שְׁנֹתֶ֗יךָ | 1 | Here, your years could refer to: (1) everything that a person achieves during the time in a person’s life when he is his healthiest and strongest. Alternate translation: “and all you have achieved in the best years of your life” (2) the years that a person is alive, meaning that a cruel one would kill this person. Alternate translation: “and your life” | |
521 | 5:9 | dtlx | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns | לְאַכְזָרִֽי | 1 | Here, a cruel one could refer to: (1) one person, possibly the husband of the adulterous woman. Alternate translation: “a cruel person” or “a cruel man” (2) a group of cruel people who are called others in the previous clause. Alternate translation: “to cruel people” | |
522 | 5:10 | j1mn | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases | פֶּֽן | 1 | Lest here indicates that what follows in this verse is what would happen to people if they do not obey the commands in 5:8. Use a natural form in your language for connecting this statement to the previous one. Alternate translation: “If you do this, then” | |
523 | 5:10 | d9br | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | יִשְׂבְּע֣וּ | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language, as in the UST. | |
524 | 5:10 | nxjm | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | כֹּחֶ֑ךָ | 1 | Here, your strength refers to everything that a person achieves during the time in a person’s life when he has the most strength. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with what you achieved when you were strong” | |
525 | 5:10 | iftp | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | וַ֝עֲצָבֶ֗יךָ | 1 | Here, your toils refers to everything that a person earns by working hard. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and what you gain from toiling” | |
526 | 5:10 | ksf3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | בְּבֵ֣ית נָכְרִֽי | 1 | Here, house could refer to: (1) the house where the foreigner keeps the things he takes from this person, as in the UST. (2) the people who live in the house of a foreigner. Alternate translation: “be with the household or a foreigner” | |
527 | 5:10 | auzu | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns | נָכְרִֽי | 1 | Here, a foreigner could refer to: (1) one person, possibly the adulterous woman or her husband. Alternate translation: “a foreign person” (2) a group of foreign people who are called strangers in the previous clause. Alternate translation: “to foreign people” | |
528 | 5:11 | i4yh | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism | בְאַחֲרִיתֶ֑ךָ בִּכְל֥וֹת בְּ֝שָׂרְךָ֗ וּשְׁאֵרֶֽךָ | 1 | Here, Solomon is referring to dying in a polite way by using the word end and the phrase your body and your flesh are finished. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a polite way of referring to death in your language, or you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at the time of your death, when your flesh and your body die” | |
529 | 5:11 | la5h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet | בְּ֝שָׂרְךָ֗ וּשְׁאֵרֶֽךָ | 1 | The words flesh and body mean basically the same thing and represent the whole person. Solomon is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “you yourself” | |
530 | 5:12 | x4di | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | שָׂנֵ֣אתִי מוּסָ֑ר וְ֝תוֹכַ֗חַת נָאַ֥ץ לִבִּֽי | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first clause by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “I hated correction, yes, my heart despised rebuke” | |
531 | 5:12 | m4gr | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations | אֵ֭יךְ שָׂנֵ֣אתִי מוּסָ֑ר | 1 | “How” here is an exclamation that emphasizes how much he hated correction. Use an exclamation that would communicate that meaning in your language. Alternate translation: “I hated correction so very much” | |
532 | 5:12 | pm48 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | מוּסָ֑ר וְ֝תוֹכַ֗חַת | 1 | See how you translated the abstract nouns correction and rebuke in 3:11. | |
533 | 5:12 | b7lf | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | לִבִּֽי | 1 | See how you translated the same use of heart in 2:2. | |
534 | 5:13 | t507 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | וְֽלֹא־שָׁ֭מַעְתִּי בְּק֣וֹל מוֹרָ֑י וְ֝לִֽמְלַמְּדַ֗י לֹא־הִטִּ֥יתִי אָזְנִֽי | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first clause by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “And I did not listen to the voice of my teachers, yes, to my instructors I did not incline my ear” | |
535 | 5:13 | n7o7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | וְֽלֹא־שָׁ֭מַעְתִּי בְּק֣וֹל | 1 | The phrase listen to the voice of is an idiom that refers to obeying someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “And I did not obey the instructions of” | |
536 | 5:13 | kvf5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | לֹא־הִטִּ֥יתִי אָזְנִֽי | 1 | See how you translated this idiom in 4:20. | |
537 | 5:14 | kne6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | בְכָל־רָ֑ע | 1 | Here, the adulterous man speaks of experiencing complete disgrace as if all evil were a location he was in. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “experiencing total disgrace” | |
538 | 5:14 | he4c | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet | בְּת֖וֹךְ קָהָ֣ל וְעֵדָֽה | 1 | The terms assembly and congregation mean the same thing and refer to the man’s community. The man is using the two terms together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “in the midst of the entire assembly” | |
539 | 5:15 | f76j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | שְׁתֵה־מַ֥יִם מִבּוֹרֶ֑ךָ וְ֝נֹזְלִ֗ים מִתּ֥וֹךְ בְּאֵרֶֽךָ | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first clause by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Drink water from your cistern, yes, drink flowing waters from the midst of your well” | |
540 | 5:15 | w3lx | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | שְׁתֵה־מַ֥יִם מִבּוֹרֶ֑ךָ וְ֝נֹזְלִ֗ים מִתּ֥וֹךְ בְּאֵרֶֽךָ | 1 | Solomon is leaving out a word in the second clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply this word from the first clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Drink water from your cistern and drink flowing waters from the midst of your well” | |
541 | 5:15 | t8av | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism | שְׁתֵה־מַ֥יִם מִבּוֹרֶ֑ךָ וְ֝נֹזְלִ֗ים מִתּ֥וֹךְ בְּאֵרֶֽךָ | 1 | In both of these clauses, Solomon is referring to a man satisfying his sexual desire with his own wife in a polite way. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more normal polite way of referring to this in your language, or you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Sleep with your wife only and only satisfy yourself with her” or “Satisfy your sexual desire only with your wife, yes, satisfy your sexual desire only with her” | |
542 | 5:16 | pe1s | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | יָפ֣וּצוּ מַעְיְנֹתֶ֣יךָ ח֑וּצָה בָּ֝רְחֹב֗וֹת פַּלְגֵי־מָֽיִם | 1 | Solomon is using the question form to emphasize that a man should not commit adultery. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Your springs should not overflow outside, channels of water in the open areas!” | |
543 | 5:16 | vww6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | יָפ֣וּצוּ מַעְיְנֹתֶ֣יךָ ח֑וּצָה בָּ֝רְחֹב֗וֹת פַּלְגֵי־מָֽיִם | 1 | Solomon is leaving out some words in the second clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the first clause if it would be clearer in your language. You may need to make a new sentence. Alternate translation: “Should your springs overflow outside? Should your channels of water overflow in the open areas?” | |
544 | 5:16 | u3ua | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism | יָפ֣וּצוּ מַעְיְנֹתֶ֣יךָ ח֑וּצָה בָּ֝רְחֹב֗וֹת פַּלְגֵי־מָֽיִם | 1 | In both clauses, Solomon is using a polite way to refer to a man having sex with women who are not his wife as if he were allowing his springs or water to flow in public places. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more polite way of referring to this in your language, or you could express the meaning plainly. See the discussion of euphemisms in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “Should you sleep with other women, sleeping with them openly” | |
545 | 5:16 | ss2w | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | ח֑וּצָה & בָּ֝רְחֹב֗וֹת | 1 | Here, outside and open areas refer to public places where there are many people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “out into public streets … in public places” | |
546 | 5:17 | f7ge | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | יִֽהְיוּ | 1 | Here, them refers to the “springs” and “channels of water” mentioned in the previous verse, which are euphemisms for sexual activity. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. See how you translated those euphemisms in the previous verse. Alternate translation: “Let your sexual desires be” | |
547 | 5:17 | s9wf | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet | לְךָ֥ לְבַדֶּ֑ךָ | 1 | The phrases for you and for you alone mean the same thing. Solomon is using the two phrases together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “for only you alone” | |
548 | 5:18 | eyoy | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | יְהִֽי־מְקוֹרְךָ֥ בָר֑וּךְ | 1 | This clause is a command like the command to be glad in the next clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Be blessed by your fountain” | |
549 | 5:18 | xd81 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | יְהִֽי־מְקוֹרְךָ֥ בָר֑וּךְ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of his son’s wife as if she were a fountain by which his son should be blessed. Here the word blessed refers to experiencing joy or sexual pleasure. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “May you experience joy with your wife” | |
550 | 5:18 | tz7f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | מֵאֵ֥שֶׁת נְעוּרֶֽךָ | 1 | Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe the wife whom his son married while he was in his youth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “from the wife whom you married in your youth” | |
551 | 5:18 | fcek | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | נְעוּרֶֽךָ | 1 | See how you translated the abstract noun youth in 2:17. | |
552 | 5:19 | n93j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | אַיֶּ֥לֶת אֲהָבִ֗ים וְֽיַעֲלַ֫ת־חֵ֥ן | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of how beautiful the “wife of your youth” is as if she were a doe of loves and a mountain goat of grace. The Israelites considered these two animals to be symbols of physical beauty and graceful movements. If it would be helpful in your language or it would not be appropriate in your language to compare a woman to an animal, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “She is as beautiful as a doe of loves and as graceful as a goat of grace” | |
553 | 5:19 | dv45 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | אַיֶּ֥לֶת אֲהָבִ֗ים | 1 | Here, Solomon uses the possessive form to describe a doe that is characterized by loves. The word loves is plural here for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate this with a different expression. Alternate translation: “A very lovely doe” | |
554 | 5:19 | krq7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | וְֽיַעֲלַ֫ת־חֵ֥ן | 1 | Here, Solomon uses the possessive form to describe a mountain goat that is characterized by grace. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate this with a different expression. Alternate translation: “a graceful mountain goat” | |
555 | 5:19 | x1vq | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | דַּ֭דֶּיהָ יְרַוֻּ֣ךָ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of a wife’s breasts satisfying her husband’s sexual desires as they would satisfy the thirst of a hungry baby. Here, drench refers to giving a baby a satisfying amount of milk. If it would be helpful in your language or if it would be offensive in your language to refer to breasts, then you could use a more general expression. Alternate translation: “may her breasts fill you with delight as a mother’s breasts fill her child with food” or “may she satisfy your sexual desires” | |
556 | 5:19 | pb8m | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | תִּשְׁגֶּ֥ה תָמִֽיד | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of the exhilarating delight of the love that a man should have for his wife as if he were staggering like an intoxicated person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “may you continually revel” | |
557 | 5:20 | d78f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | וְלָ֤מָּה תִשְׁגֶּ֣ה בְנִ֣י בְזָרָ֑ה וּ֝תְחַבֵּ֗ק חֵ֣ק נָכְרִיָּֽה | 1 | Solomon is using the question form to emphasize the a man should not commit adultery. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “And you should not stagger, my son, with a strange woman, or embrace the bosom of a foreign woman!” | |
558 | 5:20 | zuu8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | וְלָ֤מָּה תִשְׁגֶּ֣ה בְנִ֣י בְזָרָ֑ה וּ֝תְחַבֵּ֗ק חֵ֣ק נָכְרִיָּֽה | 1 | Solomon is leaving out some words in the second clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the first clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And why would you stagger, my son, with a strange woman, or why would you embrace the bosom of a foreign woman” | |
559 | 5:20 | z71k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | תִשְׁגֶּ֣ה | 1 | See how you translated the same use of stagger in the previous verse. | |
560 | 5:20 | x9gw | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | בְזָרָ֑ה & נָכְרִיָּֽה | 1 | See how you translated strange woman and foreign woman in 2:16. | |
561 | 5:21 | bsb3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | כִּ֤י | 1 | For here introduces the reason for obeying the commands stated in 5:15–20. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a reason. Alternate translation: “Do not commit adultery because” | |
562 | 5:21 | jh86 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | נֹ֨כַח ׀ עֵינֵ֣י יְ֭הוָה דַּרְכֵי־אִ֑ישׁ וְֽכָל־מַעְגְּלֹתָ֥יו מְפַלֵּֽס | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “in front of the eyes of Yahweh are the ways of a man, yes, all of his paths he observes” | |
563 | 5:21 | mpi9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | נֹ֨כַח ׀ עֵינֵ֣י יְ֭הוָה & מְפַלֵּֽס | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of Yahweh knowing what people do as if everything people do is in front of his eyes or is what he observes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is fully aware of … he is fully aware of” | |
564 | 5:21 | p1ar | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | דַּרְכֵי & מַעְגְּלֹתָ֥יו | 1 | See how you translated the same use of ways and paths in 3:6. | |
565 | 5:21 | y1w0 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations | אִ֑ישׁ &מַעְגְּלֹתָ֥יו | 1 | Although the terms man and his are masculine, Solomon is using these words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “a person … that person’s paths” | |
566 | 5:22 | agzw | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | עַֽווֹנוֹתָ֗יו יִלְכְּדֻנ֥וֹ אֶת־הָרָשָׁ֑ע וּבְחַבְלֵ֥י חַ֝טָּאת֗וֹ יִתָּמֵֽךְ | 1 | His in this verse refers to the wicked one mentioned in the first clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The iniquities of the wicked one capture him; and by the cords of the wicked one’s sin he is grasped” | |
567 | 5:22 | yljv | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations | עַֽווֹנוֹתָ֗יו יִלְכְּדֻנ֥וֹ אֶת־הָרָשָׁ֑ע וּבְחַבְלֵ֥י חַ֝טָּאת֗וֹ יִתָּמֵֽךְ | 1 | Although the terms His, him, and he are masculine, Solomon is using these words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “The wicked person’s iniquities capture that person; and by the cords of that person’s sins that person is grasped” | |
568 | 5:22 | u9ya | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | עַֽווֹנוֹתָ֗יו יִלְכְּדֻנ֥וֹ & וּבְחַבְלֵ֥י חַ֝טָּאת֗וֹ יִתָּמֵֽךְ | 1 | In this verse, Solomon speaks of a wicked person being unable to avoid the consequences of his iniquities and sin as if those iniquities and sin were people who could capture or grasp that person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He will not escape being punished for his iniquities … and he is trapped because of the cords of his sin” | |
569 | 5:22 | fmn8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | עַֽווֹנוֹתָ֗יו & חַ֝טָּאת֗וֹ | 1 | If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of iniquities and sin, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “The iniquitous things he does … the sinful things he does” | |
570 | 5:22 | ziey | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | וּבְחַבְלֵ֥י חַ֝טָּאת֗וֹ יִתָּמֵֽךְ | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and the cords of his sin grasp him” | |
571 | 5:22 | he5d | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | וּבְחַבְלֵ֥י חַ֝טָּאת֗וֹ | 1 | Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe the cords that are sin. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “and by the cords, that is, his sin,” | |
572 | 5:23 | w7f9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations | ה֗וּא & וּבְרֹ֖ב אִוַּלְתּ֣וֹ יִשְׁגֶּֽה | 1 | Although the terms He and his are masculine, Solomon is using these words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “That person … and in the abundance of that person’s foolishness that person staggers” | |
573 | 5:23 | x16k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | בְּאֵ֣ין מוּסָ֑ר וּבְרֹ֖ב אִוַּלְתּ֣וֹ | 1 | If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of correction, abundance, and foolishness, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “because he is not corrected; and in how abundantly foolish he is” | |
574 | 5:23 | n1a7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | יִשְׁגֶּֽה | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of a person behaving in a sinful manner that will cause him to die as if he were staggering like an intoxicated person who gets lost. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he loses his way” or “he behaves recklessly” | |
575 | 6:intro | xq95 | 0 | Proverbs 6 General NotesStructure and formatting
Special concepts in this chapterMy SonOccasionally, Solomon addresses a series of proverbs to “my son” or “sons.” This does not mean that those proverbs only apply to males. Instead, these phrases are forms used to pass on advice from a father to his son, and the kind of advice in these proverbs is about common temptations of young men. Adulterous womenThis chapter repeatedly warns young men to avoid any adulterous woman, who is called “strange” and “foreign.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]]) Important figures of speech in this chapterRhetorical questionsIn 6:9, 27, 28, the author uses rhetorical questions to emphasize the importance of what he is saying. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Other possible translation difficulties in this chapterAnimals used as examplesIn this chapter, the gazelle, bird, and ant have certain characteristics which the author uses to teach about wisdom. If your language does not recognize those animals as being wise, you could add a footnote to explain or possibly substitute other animals from your culture that would help explain the same concept. | |||
576 | 6:1 | rs3b | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-condition-hypothetical | אִם | 1 | Here, if indicates that Solomon is using a hypothetical situation to teach his son. This verse and the next verse are one long conditional sentence. Use a natural form in your language for introducing a situation that could happen. Alternate translation: “suppose” | |
577 | 6:1 | sb1b | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | אִם־עָרַ֣בְתָּ לְרֵעֶ֑ךָ | 1 | Here, Solomon implies that the pledge is a promise to pay back a loan of money for your neighbor if he is unable to pay back the loan himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “if you promise to pay back the loan for your neighbor when he is unable to pay it” | |
578 | 6:1 | z256 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | תָּקַ֖עְתָּ לַזָּ֣ר כַּפֶּֽיךָ | 1 | Solomon is leaving out a word that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply the word from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “if you clasp your palms for a stranger” | |
579 | 6:1 | p3wd | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | תָּקַ֖עְתָּ & כַּפֶּֽיךָ | 1 | The function of this action in this culture was to confirm a contractual agreement with someone. If there is a gesture with similar meaning in your culture, you could consider using it here in your translation, or you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you shake hands to confirm an agreement” or “you confirm an agreement” | |
580 | 6:2 | aw5e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | נוֹקַ֥שְׁתָּ בְאִמְרֵי־פִ֑יךָ נִ֝לְכַּ֗דְתָּ בְּאִמְרֵי־פִֽיךָ | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “you are ensnared by the sayings of your mouth, yes, you are caught by the sayings of your mouth” | |
581 | 6:2 | amo2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | נוֹקַ֥שְׁתָּ בְאִמְרֵי־פִ֑יךָ נִ֝לְכַּ֗דְתָּ בְּאִמְרֵי־פִֽיךָ | 1 | In both of these clauses, Solomon is leaving out a word that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply the word from the first clause of the previous verse if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “if you are ensnared by the sayings of your mouth, if you are caught by the sayings of your mouth” | |
582 | 6:2 | eoxs | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | נוֹקַ֥שְׁתָּ בְאִמְרֵי־פִ֑יךָ נִ֝לְכַּ֗דְתָּ בְּאִמְרֵי־פִֽיךָ | 1 | If your language does not use these passive forms, you could express the ideas in active forms or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the sayings of your mouth ensnared you, the sayings of your mouth caught you” | |
583 | 6:2 | p9iu | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | נוֹקַ֥שְׁתָּ בְאִמְרֵי־פִ֑יךָ נִ֝לְכַּ֗דְתָּ בְּאִמְרֵי־פִֽיךָ | 1 | In these clauses, Solomon refers to someone getting into trouble because of what he said as if his sayings were a trap that could ensnare or catch him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “if you get into trouble by the sayings of your mouth, if you encounter difficulty by the sayings of your mouth” | |
584 | 6:2 | qta7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | בְאִמְרֵי־פִ֑יךָ & בְּאִמְרֵי־פִֽיךָ | 1 | Here, mouth represents the ensnared or caught person himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “by your sayings … by your sayings” | |
585 | 6:3 | d6yp | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | עֲשֵׂ֨ה זֹ֥את אֵפ֪וֹא | 1 | Here, then indicates that what follows is what someone should do if the hypothetical conditions stated in the previous two verses take place. Use the most natural way to express this in your language. Alternate translation: “then do this in response” | |
586 | 6:3 | f6je | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal | וְֽהִנָּצֵ֗ל | 1 | Here, and indicates that what follows is the purpose for doing what Solomon commands his son to do in this verse. Use a connector in your language that indicates a purpose. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of rescuing yourself” | |
587 | 6:3 | s2sb | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | וְֽהִנָּצֵ֗ל | 1 | Here, Solomon implies that his son should rescue himself from his obligation to fulfill the promise referred to in 6:1–2. If it would be helpful in your language, you could say this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and rescue yourself from your obligation” | |
588 | 6:3 | zn5u | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | בָ֤אתָ בְכַף־רֵעֶ֑ךָ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of his son being controlled by his neighbor as if he had come into the palm of his neighbor. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your neighbor has power over you” | |
589 | 6:3 | mzx9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וּרְהַ֥ב | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of his son begging his neighbor as if he were pressing him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and plead with” | |
590 | 6:3 | bc7l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | וּרְהַ֥ב רֵעֶֽיךָ | 1 | Here, Solomon implies that his son should press his neighbor to free him from his obligation to fulfill the promise referred to in 6:1–2. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and press your neighbor to release you from your obligation” | |
591 | 6:4 | ul9q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | אַל־תִּתֵּ֣ן שֵׁנָ֣ה לְעֵינֶ֑יךָ וּ֝תְנוּמָ֗ה לְעַפְעַפֶּֽיךָ | 1 | Solomon is leaving out some of the words in the second clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the first clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Do not give sleep to your eyes and do not give slumber to your eyelids” | |
592 | 6:4 | be5i | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | אַל־תִּתֵּ֣ן שֵׁנָ֣ה לְעֵינֶ֑יךָ וּ֝תְנוּמָ֗ה לְעַפְעַפֶּֽיךָ | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than and that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Do not give sleep to your eyes, yes, do not give slumber to your eyelids” | |
593 | 6:4 | t2dt | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | אַל־תִּתֵּ֣ן שֵׁנָ֣ה לְעֵינֶ֑יךָ וּ֝תְנוּמָ֗ה לְעַפְעַפֶּֽיךָ | 1 | Here Solomon is speaking of allowing oneself to sleep and slumber as if they were objects that one could give to oneself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Do not let your eyes sleep or your eyelids slumber” | |
594 | 6:4 | q1t2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | אַל־תִּתֵּ֣ן שֵׁנָ֣ה | 1 | Solomon implies that this person should not allow himself to sleep until he goes to his neighbor to get out of the agreement. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Until you rescue yourself from this problem, do not give sleep” | |
595 | 6:4 | n831 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | לְעֵינֶ֑יךָ & לְעַפְעַפֶּֽיךָ | 1 | Here, Solomon is using eyes and eyelids to refer to one’s whole body. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “to yourself … to yourself” | |
596 | 6:5 | j8za | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | הִ֭נָּצֵל כִּצְבִ֣י מִיָּ֑ד וּ֝כְצִפּ֗וֹר מִיַּ֥ד יָקֽוּשׁ | 1 | Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Rescue yourself like a gazelle would rescue itself from a hand, and rescue yourself like a bird would rescue itself from the hand of the trapper” | |
597 | 6:5 | xjb3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | הִ֭נָּצֵל כִּצְבִ֣י מִיָּ֑ד וּ֝כְצִפּ֗וֹר מִיַּ֥ד יָקֽוּשׁ | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than and that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Rescue yourself like a gazelle from a hand, yes, rescue yourself like a bird from the hand of the trapper” | |
598 | 6:5 | lcv3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | כִּצְבִ֣י & וּ֝כְצִפּ֗וֹר | 1 | Solomon is saying that the person should act like a gazelle and a bird because both of those animals are wise enough to flee from hunters quickly. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “quickly, like a gazelle … and quickly, like a bird” | |
599 | 6:5 | r5ir | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | כִּצְבִ֣י | 1 | A gazelle is a land animal that is known for running quickly and gracefully. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of animal, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “like an animal that runs quickly” | |
600 | 6:6 | il7a | לֵֽךְ־אֶל־נְמָלָ֥ה | 1 | Go here implies going for the purpose of looking at the ant. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Go and observe the ant” | ||
601 | 6:6 | nd7f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun | נְמָלָ֥ה | 1 | The word ant represents ants in general, not one particular ant. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “ants” | |
602 | 6:6 | xh1r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | נְמָלָ֥ה | 1 | An ant is a small insect that lives underground in large groups. Ants are known for diligently working together to collect food and maintain their nests. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of insect, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “the hard-working insect” | |
603 | 6:6 | vpy8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | רְאֵ֖ה | 1 | See here means to observe for the purpose of learning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “See and learn” | |
604 | 6:6 | uze2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | דְרָכֶ֣יהָ | 1 | See how you translated the same use of ways in 3:6. | |
605 | 6:6 | vmwn | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal | וַחֲכָֽם | 1 | Here, and indicates that what follows is the purpose for doing what Solomon commands his son to do in this verse. Use a connector in your language that makes indicates a purpose. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of becoming wise” | |
606 | 6:7 | tmb7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet | קָצִ֗ין שֹׁטֵ֥ר וּמֹשֵֽׁל | 1 | These three words mean basically the same thing and are used to emphasize that no one commands ants to work diligently. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “any ruler whatsoever” | |
607 | 6:8 | d2rl | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast | תָּכִ֣ין | 1 | The idea in this verse is contrary to what one would expect after knowing the information in the previous verse. Indicate this contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but prepares” | |
608 | 6:8 | w9jc | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | תָּכִ֣ין בַּקַּ֣יִץ לַחְמָ֑הּ אָגְרָ֥ה בַ֝קָּצִ֗יר מַאֲכָלָֽהּ | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “prepares its bread in the summer; yes, it gathers its food in the harvest” | |
609 | 6:8 | r349 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | תָּכִ֣ין & אָגְרָ֥ה | 1 | Here, prepares and gathers refer to collecting and storing food for winter, the time when food is scarce. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “acquires … it stockpiles” | |
610 | 6:8 | ifjh | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | לַחְמָ֑הּ אָגְרָ֥ה & מַאֲכָלָֽהּ | 1 | In this verse, its refers to “the ant” mentioned in 6:7, which is a collective word for ants in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the ant’s bread … the ant gathers its food” or “the ants’ bread … the ants gather their food” | |
611 | 6:8 | c8we | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | בַּקַּ֣יִץ & בַ֝קָּצִ֗יר | 1 | In the place where this book was written, summer is the time of year when people harvest crops. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the time for harvesting crops … in the harvesting time” | |
612 | 6:9 | r6u4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | עַד־מָתַ֖י עָצֵ֥ל ׀ תִּשְׁכָּ֑ב מָ֝תַ֗י תָּק֥וּם מִשְּׁנָתֶֽךָ | 1 | Solomon is using the question form twice in this verse for emphasis. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “You should stop lying down! You should rise from your sleep!” | |
613 | 6:9 | woeb | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | תִּשְׁכָּ֑ב | 1 | The phrase lie down implies that the person has been lying on a bed to sleep. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “will you sleep in your bed” | |
614 | 6:9 | qdlj | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | תָּק֥וּם מִשְּׁנָתֶֽךָ | 1 | Here, Solomon refers to waking up as if a person were rising up from sleep. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will you wake up” | |
615 | 6:10 | q6ab | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotemarks | מְעַ֣ט שֵׁ֭נוֹת מְעַ֣ט תְּנוּמ֑וֹת מְעַ֓ט ׀ חִבֻּ֖ק יָדַ֣יִם לִשְׁכָּֽב | 1 | This verse is a quotation of what the “lazy one” might say. If it would be helpful in your language, you could indicate this with quotation marks or with whatever other punctuation or convention your language uses to indicate a quotation. | |
616 | 6:10 | kye3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | מְעַ֣ט שֵׁ֭נוֹת מְעַ֣ט תְּנוּמ֑וֹת | 1 | The lazy person is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Let me have a little more sleep; let me have a little more slumber” | |
617 | 6:10 | f9h7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet | מְעַ֣ט שֵׁ֭נוֹת מְעַ֣ט תְּנוּמ֑וֹת | 1 | These two phrases mean the same thing. The lazy person is using them together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “Just a little more sleep” | |
618 | 6:10 | c54p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | מְעַ֓ט ׀ חִבֻּ֖ק יָדַ֣יִם לִשְׁכָּֽב | 1 | This phrase refers to an action that people often do in order to rest more comfortably when they lie down to sleep. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a little folding of the hands comfortably to lie down and sleep” | |
619 | 6:11 | fcrn | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | וּבָֽא־כִמְהַלֵּ֥ךְ רֵאשֶׁ֑ךָ וּ֝מַחְסֹֽרְךָ֗ כְּאִ֣ישׁ מָגֵֽן | 1 | Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and your poverty will come like one who walks and your need will come like a man of shield” | |
620 | 6:11 | vvx1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | וּבָֽא־כִמְהַלֵּ֥ךְ רֵאשֶׁ֑ךָ וּ֝מַחְסֹֽרְךָ֗ כְּאִ֣ישׁ מָגֵֽן | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than and that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “and your poverty will come like one who walks, yes, your need will come like a man of shield” | |
621 | 6:11 | qm7m | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | וּבָֽא & רֵאשֶׁ֑ךָ | 1 | Here, and introduces the result of what the lazy person does and says in the two previous verses. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate results. Alternate translation: “and all this will cause your poverty to come” | |
622 | 6:11 | msvl | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | רֵאשֶׁ֑ךָ וּ֝מַחְסֹֽרְךָ֗ | 1 | If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of poverty and need, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “you being poor … and you being needy” | |
623 | 6:11 | lkuz | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | וּבָֽא & רֵאשֶׁ֑ךָ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of experiencing poverty as if it were a person who could come to someone. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you will experience poverty” | |
624 | 6:11 | i2rb | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | כִמְהַלֵּ֥ךְ | 1 | Here, the phrase one who walks refers to a robber. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “like a robber” | |
625 | 6:11 | zz4v | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | כִמְהַלֵּ֥ךְ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of how suddenly a lazy person becomes poor as if poverty were a robber who unexpectedly steals everything the person owns. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “abruptly” | |
626 | 6:11 | ajxy | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | כְּאִ֣ישׁ | 1 | Here, the phrase a man of shield refers to a robber with weapons. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “like a robber with weapons” or “like an armed man” | |
627 | 6:11 | r7za | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | כְּאִ֣ישׁ מָגֵֽן | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of how suddenly a lazy person becomes needy as if need were a robber with weapons who steals everything the person owns. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “abruptly” | |
628 | 6:12 | sk3y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet | אָדָ֣ם בְּ֭לִיַּעַל אִ֣ישׁ אָ֑וֶן | 1 | The phrases man of worthlessness and man of injustice mean the same thing. Solomon is using them together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “A completely useless man” | |
629 | 6:12 | dfsx | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | אָדָ֣ם בְּ֭לִיַּעַל אִ֣ישׁ אָ֑וֶן | 1 | Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a man that is characterized by worthless and injustice. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “A worthless man, an unjust man” | |
630 | 6:12 | wtik | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations | אָדָ֣ם & אִ֣ישׁ | 1 | Although the term man is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “A person of … a person of” | |
631 | 6:12 | q9ly | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | ה֝וֹלֵ֗ךְ | 1 | See how you translated the similar use of “walking” in 2:7. | |
632 | 6:12 | fxq7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | עִקְּשׁ֥וּת פֶּֽה | 1 | See how you translated this phrase in 4:24. | |
633 | 6:13 | dcgf | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | קֹרֵ֣ץ בְּ֭עֵינָו מֹלֵ֣ל בְּרַגְלָ֑ו מֹ֝רֶ֗ה בְּאֶצְבְּעֹתָֽיו | 1 | Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous verse if it would be clearer in your language. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “He is one who winks with his eye, one who rubs with his foot, and one who points with his fingers” | |
634 | 6:13 | ghua | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations | קֹרֵ֣ץ בְּ֭עֵינָו מֹלֵ֣ל בְּרַגְלָ֑ו מֹ֝רֶ֗ה בְּאֶצְבְּעֹתָֽיו | 1 | Although the term his is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “one who winks with one’s eye, one who rubs with one’s foot, one who points with one’s fingers” | |
635 | 6:13 | b2zu | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction | קֹרֵ֣ץ בְּ֭עֵינָו מֹלֵ֣ל בְּרַגְלָ֑ו מֹ֝רֶ֗ה בְּאֶצְבְּעֹתָֽיו | 1 | These three clauses refer to actions that someone uses when deceiving people. If this would not be clear to your readers, you could explain the significance of these actions in the text or in a footnote. Alternate translation: “one who winks with his eye, rubs with his foot, and points with his fingers to deceive people” | |
636 | 6:14 | oqcy | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-simultaneous | תַּֽהְפֻּכ֨וֹת ׀ בְּלִבּ֗וֹ חֹרֵ֣שׁ רָ֣ע בְּכָל־עֵ֑ת | 1 | These two clauses are describing two situations that are occurring at the same time. You can make this clear in your translation with an appropriate connecting word or phrase. Alternate translation: “Perverse things are in his heart while he plots evil on every occasion” | |
637 | 6:14 | za5w | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations | בְּלִבּ֗וֹ & יְשַׁלֵּֽחַ | 1 | Although the terms his and he are masculine, Solomon is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “are in that person’s heart … that person sends forth” | |
638 | 6:14 | bbx6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | בְּלִבּ֗וֹ | 1 | See how you translated the same use of heart in 2:2. | |
639 | 6:14 | zud5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | רָ֣ע | 1 | See how you translated the abstract nouns evil in 1:16. | |
640 | 6:14 | lq43 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | מדנים יְשַׁלֵּֽחַ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of quarrels as if they were objects that a person sends forth. He means that this person causes other people to quarrel. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “he causes people to quarrel” | |
641 | 6:15 | q038 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations | אֵיד֑וֹ & יִ֝שָּׁבֵ֗ר | 1 | Although the terms his and he are masculine, Solomon is using the words in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “that person’s calamity … that person will be broken” | |
642 | 6:15 | csdg | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | אֵיד֑וֹ | 1 | See how you translated the abstract noun calamity in 1:26. | |
643 | 6:15 | fz64 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | יָב֣וֹא | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of calamity occurring as if it were a person who could come to someone else. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will occur” | |
644 | 6:15 | j5gd | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | יִ֝שָּׁבֵ֗ר | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his calamity will break him” | |
645 | 6:15 | qzeh | וְאֵ֣ין מַרְפֵּֽא | 1 | Alternate translation: “and he will not heal” | ||
646 | 6:16 | it1e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | שֶׁשׁ־הֵ֭נָּה שָׂנֵ֣א יְהוָ֑ה וְ֝שֶׁ֗בַע תועבות נַפְשֽׁוֹ | 1 | To make a comprehensive statement, Solomon is using a rhetorical device in which the speaker names a number that should be sufficient to illustrate his point and then increases that number by one for emphasis. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Yahweh absolutely hates these seven things, and they are abominations of his spirit” | |
647 | 6:16 | akh6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | שֶׁשׁ & וְ֝שֶׁ֗בַע | 1 | Solomon is using the adjectives Six and seven as nouns to mean six and seven things. Your language may use adjectives in the same way. If not, you could translate this word with an equivalent phrase. Alternate translation: “Six things … and seven things” | |
648 | 6:16 | p2e9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | תועבות נַפְשֽׁוֹ | 1 | Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe what his spirit considers to be abominations. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “are what his spirit considers to be abominations” or “are what his spirit considers to be abominable” | |
649 | 6:16 | zqfk | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | תועבות | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of abominations, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “are abominable to” | |
650 | 6:16 | f9x2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | נַפְשֽׁוֹ | 1 | Here, spirit refers to Yahweh himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “him” | |
651 | 6:17 | zib9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | עֵינַ֣יִם רָ֭מוֹת | 1 | Here, Solomon refers to pride as uplifted eyes, which is a characteristic facial expression of proud people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “pride” | |
652 | 6:17 | c99k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | לְשׁ֣וֹן שָׁ֑קֶר | 1 | Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a tongue that is characterized by falsehood. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a false tongue” | |
653 | 6:17 | kpi4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | לְשׁ֣וֹן שָׁ֑קֶר | 1 | Here, tongue represents what a person says. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “speech of falsehood” | |
654 | 6:17 | cip3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | וְ֝יָדַ֗יִם | 1 | Here, hands refers to the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and people” | |
655 | 6:17 | vy22 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | שֹׁפְכ֥וֹת דָּם־נָקִֽי | 1 | See how you translated a similar phrase in 1:16. | |
656 | 6:18 | jq4t | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | לֵ֗ב & רַגְלַ֥יִם | 1 | Here, heart and feet refer to a whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “people … people” | |
657 | 6:18 | ex5v | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | מַחְשְׁב֣וֹת אָ֑וֶן | 1 | Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe plans that are characterized by injustice. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “unjust plans” | |
658 | 6:18 | jmu9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | אָ֑וֶן & לָֽרָעָה | 1 | See how you translated the abstract nouns injustice in 6:12 and evil in 1:16. | |
659 | 6:18 | l6zj | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | מְ֝מַהֲר֗וֹת לָר֥וּץ לָֽרָעָה | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of being eager to do evil as if evil were a place that a person could run to. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “eager to do evil” | |
660 | 6:19 | d68t | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | עֵ֣ד שָׁ֑קֶר | 1 | Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a witness that is characterized by falsehood. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “a false witness” | |
661 | 6:19 | g2tz | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | יָפִ֣יחַ כְּ֭זָבִים | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of someone who lies easily as if that person breathes out lies. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “easily lies” | |
662 | 6:19 | avm1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וּמְשַׁלֵּ֥חַ מְ֝דָנִ֗ים | 1 | See how you translated sends forth quarrels in 6:14. | |
663 | 6:19 | k9xh | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations | אַחִֽים | 1 | Although the term brothers is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that includes both men and women. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “family members” | |
664 | 6:20 | rk2n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | נְצֹ֣ר בְּ֭נִי מִצְוַ֣ת אָבִ֑יךָ וְאַל־תִּ֝טֹּ֗שׁ תּוֹרַ֥ת אִמֶּֽךָ | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Guard, my son, the command of your father, yes, do not forsake the law of your mother” | |
665 | 6:20 | tplj | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | נְצֹ֣ר | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of a command as if it were an object that someone should Guard. He means that he wants his son to remember to do what he has commanded him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated a similar use of guard in 3:21. Alternate translation: “Remember to practice” | |
666 | 6:20 | u11d | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes | וְאַל־תִּ֝טֹּ֗שׁ תּוֹרַ֥ת אִמֶּֽךָ | 1 | See how you translated this clause in 1:8. | |
667 | 6:21 | y710 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | קָשְׁרֵ֣ם עַל־לִבְּךָ֣ תָמִ֑יד עָ֝נְדֵ֗ם עַל־גַּרְגְּרֹתֶֽךָ | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that shows that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Bind them on your heart continually; yes, tie them around your neck” | |
668 | 6:21 | qz2z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | קָשְׁרֵ֣ם עַל־לִבְּךָ֣ | 1 | Here Solomon is speaking of remembering his commands as if they were objects that people could bind on their hearts. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Remember them” | |
669 | 6:21 | b76k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | עָ֝נְדֵ֗ם עַל־גַּרְגְּרֹתֶֽךָ | 1 | Here, Solomon is speaking of remembering his commands as if they were objects that people could tie around their necks. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “remember them” | |
670 | 6:22 | r61q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | בְּהִתְהַלֶּכְךָ֨ ׀ תַּנְחֶ֬ה אֹתָ֗ךְ בְּֽ֭שָׁכְבְּךָ תִּשְׁמֹ֣ר עָלֶ֑יךָ וַ֝הֲקִיצ֗וֹתָ הִ֣יא תְשִׂיחֶֽךָ | 1 | In this verse, Solomon speaks of the lessons he called “the command” and “the teaching” in 6:20 as if they were a person who could guide, preserve, and converse with a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use similes. Alternate translation: “When you walk about, it will enable you to know what to do; when you lie down, it will enable you to be safe; and you will wake up, it will be advice for you” or “When you walk about, it will be like a guide for you; when you lie down, it will be like someone who preserves you; and you will wake up, it will be like someone who converses with you” | |
671 | 6:22 | bvpr | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | בְּהִתְהַלֶּכְךָ֨ | 1 | Here, walk about refers to doing one’s daily activities. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “When you do your daily activities” | |
672 | 6:22 | krtg | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | בְּֽ֭שָׁכְבְּךָ | 1 | See how you translated the same use of lie down in 3:24. | |
673 | 6:23 | d41x | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | כִּ֤י | 1 | For here indicates that what follows is a reason for what came before. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “This is because” | |
674 | 6:23 | u5p1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | נֵ֣ר מִ֭צְוָה וְת֣וֹרָה א֑וֹר | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word other than and that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “the commandment is a lamp, yes, the law is a light” | |
675 | 6:23 | itt0 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | מִ֭צְוָה וְת֣וֹרָה | 1 | Here, the commandment and the law could refer to: (1) the commands of the father and mother, which are referred to in the previous two verses. Alternate translation: “my commandments … and your mother’s law” (2) good commandments and laws in general. Alternate translation: “what people command … and the rules people make” | |
676 | 6:23 | p2mx | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun | מִ֭צְוָה | 1 | Solomon is speaking of commandments in general, not of one particular commandment. If it would be helpful in your language, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “the commandments” | |
677 | 6:23 | lk32 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | מִ֭צְוָה | 1 | See how you translated the abstract noun “commandments” in 2:1. | |
678 | 6:23 | s8lq | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | נֵ֣ר & א֑וֹר | 1 | Here, Solomon refers to the commandment and law enabling people to understand how to live as if they were a lamp and a light that shows people the path in front of them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “enables one to understand … enables one to perceive” | |
679 | 6:23 | bjz1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns | וְת֣וֹרָה | 1 | See how you translated this use of law in 1:8. | |
680 | 6:23 | llas | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | תּוֹכְח֥וֹת מוּסָֽר | 1 | See how you translated the abstract nouns “rebuke” in 1:25 and instruction in 1:2. | |
681 | 6:23 | n5j2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | תּוֹכְח֥וֹת מוּסָֽר | 1 | Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe rebukes that are included in instruction. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the rebukes that come from instruction” | |
682 | 6:23 | wxd6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | וְדֶ֥רֶךְ חַ֝יִּ֗ים | 1 | Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe the way that results in life. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “and … the way that results in life” | |
683 | 6:23 | ywhm | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וְדֶ֥רֶךְ | 1 | Here, Solomon uses way to refer to how people behave. See how you translated this use of way in 1:15. | |
684 | 6:24 | p7az | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal | לִ֭שְׁמָרְךָ | 1 | Here, to indicates that what follows is the purpose for the “commandments,” “law,” and “rebukes of instruction” referred to in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes indicates a purpose. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of keeping you” | |
685 | 6:24 | sjp3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | מֵאֵ֣שֶׁת רָ֑ע | 1 | Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a woman who is characterized by evil. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “from an evil woman” | |
686 | 6:24 | sw14 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | מֵֽ֝חֶלְקַ֗ת לָשׁ֥וֹן | 1 | Here, Solomon refers to the seductive speech of an adulterous woman as if it were the smoothness of the tongue. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the seductive speech of” | |
687 | 6:24 | ae9n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | נָכְרִיָּֽה | 1 | See how you translated the same use of foreign woman in 2:16. | |
688 | 6:25 | ty32 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | יָ֭פְיָהּ | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of beauty, you could express the same idea in another way, as in the UST. | |
689 | 6:25 | rx3p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | בִּלְבָבֶ֑ךָ | 1 | See how you translated the same use of heart in 2:2. | |
690 | 6:25 | m7d2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | וְאַל־תִּ֝קָּֽחֲךָ֗ | 1 | Here, Solomon refers to a woman seducing a man as if she could take him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and do not let her tempt you” | |
691 | 6:25 | f4km | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | בְּעַפְעַפֶּֽיהָ | 1 | This phrase refers to a woman using her eyelashes to look more attractive and seduce a man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly or use an expression that has the same meaning in your language. Alternate translation: “by glancing seductively” | |
692 | 6:26 | o5j1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | כִּ֤י | 1 | For here indicates that what follows is a reason for the commands in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Do not do those things because” | |
693 | 6:26 | xrol | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | בְעַד־אִשָּׁ֥ה זוֹנָ֗ה | 1 | Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to refer to the price that a person pays to have sex with a prostitute woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly or use a euphemism for this idea. Alternate translation: “the price to sleep with a prostitute woman” | |
694 | 6:26 | p3jv | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | כִּכַּ֫ר לָ֥חֶם | 1 | In this culture, a loaf of bread was inexpensive daily food. A loaf of bread is a lump of flour dough that a person has shaped and baked. If your readers would not be familiar with bread should could use the name of an inexpensive food that is commonly eaten in your country or you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “inexpensive food” | |
695 | 6:26 | iizq | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | וְאֵ֥שֶׁת אִ֑ישׁ | 1 | Here, Solomon implies that this wife of a man is an adulterous woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “but a married woman who commits adultery” | |
696 | 6:26 | k5fu | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | נֶ֖פֶשׁ יְקָרָ֣ה תָצֽוּד | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of a adulterous woman causing the man she commits adultery with to die as if she hunts him the way a hunter hunts an animal. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “kills a precious life” | |
697 | 6:27 | gzh2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | הֲיַחְתֶּ֤ה אִ֓ישׁ אֵ֬שׁ בְּחֵיק֑וֹ וּ֝בְגָדָ֗יו לֹ֣א תִשָּׂרַֽפְנָה | 1 | Solomon is using the question form to emphasize the truth of what he is saying. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Surely a man could not carry a fire on his chest and his clothes not be burned!” | |
698 | 6:27-28 | s1ud | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | הֲיַחְתֶּ֤ה אִ֓ישׁ אֵ֬שׁ בְּחֵיק֑וֹ וּ֝בְגָדָ֗יו לֹ֣א תִשָּׂרַֽפְנָה׃ & אִם־יְהַלֵּ֣ךְ אִ֭ישׁ עַל־הַגֶּחָלִ֑ים וְ֝רַגְלָ֗יו לֹ֣א תִכָּוֶֽינָה׃ | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Could a man carry a fire on his chest and his clothes not be burned? Indeed, if a man walks on coals then will his feet not be scorched?” | |
699 | 6:27 | f8ut | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo | הֲיַחְתֶּ֤ה אִ֓ישׁ אֵ֬שׁ בְּחֵיק֑וֹ וּ֝בְגָדָ֗יו לֹ֣א תִשָּׂרַֽפְנָה | 1 | Here, Solomon is referring to the negative consequences of committing adultery as if a man were burning himself with fire. Since this comparison is explained in 6:29, you do not need to explain its meaning further here. | |
700 | 6:27 | t3xy | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun | אִ֓ישׁ & בְּחֵיק֑וֹ וּ֝בְגָדָ֗יו | 1 | Here, a man and his do not refer to a specific man. They refer to any person who does this thing. If it would be helpful in your language, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “a person … on that person’s chest and that person’s clothes” | |
701 | 6:27 | sew8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | וּ֝בְגָדָ֗יו לֹ֣א תִשָּׂרַֽפְנָה | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and the fire not burn his clothes” | |
702 | 6:27 | pt18 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | וּ֝בְגָדָ֗יו | 1 | Here, clothes refers to the person who is wearing those clothes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and he” or “and that person” | |
703 | 6:28 | r98z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | אִם־יְהַלֵּ֣ךְ אִ֭ישׁ עַל־הַגֶּחָלִ֑ים וְ֝רַגְלָ֗יו לֹ֣א תִכָּוֶֽינָה | 1 | Solomon is using the question form to emphasize the truth of what he is saying. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Surely if a man walks on coals, then his feet will be scorched!” | |
704 | 6:28 | tw8h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-extrainfo | אִם־יְהַלֵּ֣ךְ אִ֭ישׁ עַל־הַגֶּחָלִ֑ים וְ֝רַגְלָ֗יו לֹ֣א תִכָּוֶֽינָה | 1 | Here, Solomon is referring to the negative consequences of committing adultery as if a man were burning himself with coals. Since this comparison is explained in 6:29, you do not need to explain its meaning further here. | |
705 | 6:28 | fy6m | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun | אִ֭ישׁ & וְ֝רַגְלָ֗יו לֹ֣א תִכָּוֶֽינָה | 1 | Here, a man and his do not refer to a specific man. They refer to any person who does this thing. If it would be helpful in your language, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “a person … then will that person’s feet not be scorched” | |
706 | 6:28 | kf2l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | הַגֶּחָלִ֑ים | 1 | Here, coals refers to small pieces of burning wood that are often used for cooking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “burning wood pieces” | |
707 | 6:29 | xlmj | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | כֵּ֗ן | 1 | So here indicates that what follows explains the meaning of the statements made in the previous two verses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a fuller expression. Alternate translation: “In the same situation” | |
708 | 6:29 | gh7k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism | הַ֭בָּא אֶל & הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בָּֽהּ | 1 | Here, going to and touches both refer to someone having sexual relations with another person. This is a polite way of referring to something that is offensive or embarrassing in some cultures. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different polite way of referring to this act or you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated the same use of “enter” in 2:19. Alternate translation: “is the one who has sexual relations with … one who has sexual relations with her” or “is the one who sleeps with … one who sleeps with her” | |
709 | 6:29 | vc2l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes | לֹ֥א יִ֝נָּקֶ֗ה | 1 | Here, Solomon uses a figure of speech that expresses a strong positive meaning by using a negative word together with a word that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning positively. Alternate translation: “will certainly be guilty” | |
710 | 6:29 | cmmu | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | לֹ֥א יִ֝נָּקֶ֗ה | 1 | Here, Solomon uses not remain blameless to refer to the outcome of not being blameless, which is being punished for being guilty. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will not avoid punishment” or “will not remain unpunished” | |
711 | 6:30 | fwq5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | לֹא־יָב֣וּזוּ | 1 | They here refers to people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “People” | |
712 | 6:30 | zfch | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun | לַ֭גַּנָּב & יִגְנ֑וֹב &נַ֝פְשׁ֗וֹ & יִרְעָֽב | 1 | Here, the thief, he, and his do not refer to a specific thief. These words refer to any person who steals. If it would be helpful in your language, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “thieves … they steal … their appetites … they are hungry” | |
713 | 6:30 | i4y9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | יִגְנ֑וֹב | 1 | Solomon is leaving out a word that in many languages a sentence would need in order to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply this word from the context, as in the UST. | |
714 | 6:30 | kzru | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | נַ֝פְשׁ֗וֹ | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of appetite, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “how hungry he is” | |
715 | 6:31 | jnq4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun | וְ֭נִמְצָא יְשַׁלֵּ֣ם & בֵּית֣וֹ יִתֵּֽן | 1 | Here, he and his refer to any person who steals, as indicated in the previous verse. If it would be helpful in your language, use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “But if someone is found … that person must repay … that person’s house that person must give” | |
716 | 6:31 | ugyl | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | וְ֭נִמְצָא | 1 | Here. found implies not only discovering the thief but also catching him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “But if he is caught” | |
717 | 6:31 | n1t7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | וְ֭נִמְצָא | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “But if someone finds him” or “But if someone catches him” | |
718 | 6:31 | scwc | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | יְשַׁלֵּ֣ם שִׁבְעָתָ֑יִם | 1 | This clause implies that the thief must repay seven times the amount of what he stole to those to whom he stole it from. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “he must repay sevenfold the amount of things that he stole to those people he stole them from” | |
719 | 6:31 | b9ns | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | כָּל־ה֖וֹן בֵּית֣וֹ | 1 | This phrase is an idiom that refers to everything that someone owns. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “all that he owns” | |
720 | 6:32 | nu7m | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast | נֹאֵ֣ף | 1 | This verse says something that is in contrast to what was said about the thief in the previous two verses. Use a natural way in your language to express a strong contrast. Alternate translation: “However, one who commits adultery” | |
721 | 6:32 | s8mh | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | נֹאֵ֣ף | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of adultery, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “One who acts adulterously” | |
722 | 6:32 | zker | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | חֲסַר־לֵ֑ב | 1 | Here, Solomon uses heart to refer to a person’s ability to think. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is lacking the ability to think” | |
723 | 6:32 | jhbb | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure | מַֽשְׁחִ֥ית נַ֝פְשׁ֗וֹ ה֣וּא יַעֲשֶֽׂנָּה | 1 | If it would be helpful in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “he does what results in destroying his life” | |
724 | 6:32 | a1pq | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | מַֽשְׁחִ֥ית נַ֝פְשׁ֗וֹ | 1 | This clause is the result of what is described in the next clause. Use a natural way in your language to indicate a result. Alternate translation: “what will result in destroying his life” | |
725 | 6:32 | r8fx | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | ה֣וּא יַעֲשֶֽׂנָּה | 1 | Here, the pronoun it refers to adultery. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “he commits adultery” | |
726 | 6:33 | mv0l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | נֶֽגַע־וְקָל֥וֹן יִמְצָ֑א וְ֝חֶרְפָּת֗וֹ לֹ֣א תִמָּחֶֽה | 1 | Solomon implies that these things will happen to the adulterous man because he committed adultery. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Because he committed adultery, he will find a wound and disgrace and his shame will not be wiped out” | |
727 | 6:33 | m2lu | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | נֶֽגַע־וְקָל֥וֹן יִמְצָ֑א | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of the adulterous man receiving a wound and disgrace as if they were objects that a person would find. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He will receive a wound and disgrace” or “He will become wounded and disgraced” | |
728 | 6:33 | t4bo | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | וְקָל֥וֹן & וְ֝חֶרְפָּת֗וֹ | 1 | If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of disgrace and shame, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “and be disgraced and how shameful he is” | |
729 | 6:33 | xhjy | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | לֹ֣א תִמָּחֶֽה | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “he will never wipe out” | |
730 | 6:33 | c8nh | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes | לֹ֣א תִמָּחֶֽה | 1 | Solomon is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, not, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “will always remain” | |
731 | 6:33 | wuyt | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | לֹ֣א תִמָּחֶֽה | 1 | Here, Solomon refers to the adulterous man’s shame never ceasing as if shame were a stain that could not be wiped away. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will not cease” | |
732 | 6:34 | lyk4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | כִּֽי | 1 | For here indicates that what follows is the reason why what Solomon stated in in the previous verse is true. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “This is due to the fact that” | |
733 | 6:34 | q8d2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | קִנְאָ֥ה & נָקָֽם | 1 | If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of jealousy and vengeance, you could express the same ideas in other ways. Alternate translation: “being jealous … being avenged” | |
734 | 6:34 | w6nf | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | חֲמַת־גָּ֑בֶר | 1 | Here, heat refers to extreme anger, which causes the angry person’s body to become hot. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “is the rage of a man” | |
735 | 6:34 | htuv | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | גָּ֑בֶר וְלֹֽא־יַ֝חְמ֗וֹל | 1 | Here, man and he refer to the husband who has just found out that his wife has committed adultery. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “a husband of an adulterous woman, and that husband will not spare” | |
736 | 6:34 | qsy2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes | וְלֹֽא־יַ֝חְמ֗וֹל | 1 | Solomon is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, not, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “and he will be merciless” | |
737 | 6:34 | f6oy | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | וְלֹֽא־יַ֝חְמ֗וֹל | 1 | Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and he will not spare the man who slept with his wife” | |
738 | 6:34 | rc71 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | בְּי֣וֹם נָקָֽם | 1 | Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe the day when vengeance occurs. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “when vengeance occurs” | |
739 | 6:35 | b2ym | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | לֹא־יִ֭שָּׂא & וְלֹֽא־יֹ֝אבֶ֗ה | 1 | In this verse, the pronoun he refers to the man who has just found out that his wife has committed adultery. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The husband of an adulterous wife will not life up … and that husband will not be willing” | |
740 | 6:35 | fly2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | לֹא־יִ֭שָּׂא פְּנֵ֣י | 1 | Here, the phrase lift up the face of is an idiom that means “regard.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “He will not regard” | |
741 | 6:35 | pc8x | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | כֹּ֑פֶר & שֹֽׁחַד | 1 | Here, the words ransom and bribe refer to money that a man would give to the husband of the woman he has committed adultery with in order to avoid harm or stop the man from being angry. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “money offered to appease him … that money” | |
742 | 6:35 | w09z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | וְלֹֽא־יֹ֝אבֶ֗ה | 1 | Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and he will not be willing to be appeased” or “and he will not stop being angry” | |
743 | 7:intro | pk5f | 0 | Proverbs 7 General NotesStructure and formatting
Special concepts in this chapterMy SonOccasionally, Solomon addresses a series of proverbs to “my son” or “sons.” This does not mean that those proverbs only apply to males. Instead, these phrases are forms used to pass on advice from a father to his son, and the kind of advice in these proverbs is about common temptations of young men. Adulterous womenThis chapter continues the theme about adulterous women and warns young men to avoid any adulterous woman, who is called “strange” and “foreign.” (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/adultery]]) Important figures of speech in this chapterThe historic presentTo call attention to developments in the story, Solomon uses the present tense in past narration in 7:8–13 and 21–22. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense in your translation. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense]]) | |||
744 | 7:1 | at6w | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | תִּצְפֹּ֥ן | 1 | See how you translated the same use of store up in 2:1. | |
745 | 7:1 | e0if | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | וּ֝מִצְוֺתַ֗י | 1 | See how you translated the abstract noun commandments in 2:1. | |
746 | 7:2 | a8m4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | שְׁמֹ֣ר מִצְוֺתַ֣י וֶחְיֵ֑ה | 1 | See how you translated the same clause in 4:4. | |
747 | 7:2 | mzcb | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | וְ֝תוֹרָתִ֗י כְּאִישׁ֥וֹן עֵינֶֽיךָ | 1 | Solomon is leaving out a word that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply the word from the first clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and keep my law as the pupil of your eyes” | |
748 | 7:2 | sxxs | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-collectivenouns | וְ֝תוֹרָתִ֗י | 1 | See how you translated law in 1:8. | |
749 | 7:2 | xfb2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | כְּאִישׁ֥וֹן עֵינֶֽיךָ | 1 | Here, Solomon refers to his law as if it were the pupil of your eyes. He means that people should value wise rules as much as they value their ability to see and protect their eyes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “as your most valuable possession” | |
750 | 7:3 | g5jv | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | קָשְׁרֵ֥ם עַל־אֶצְבְּעֹתֶ֑יךָ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of always remembering something, as if what should be remembered were an object tied to the person’s fingers. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Remember them at all times” | |
751 | 7:3 | wszl | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | קָשְׁרֵ֥ם & כָּ֝תְבֵ֗ם | 1 | In this verse, them refers to “my commandments,” which are referred to in the previous two verses. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Tie my commandments … write my commandments” | |
752 | 7:3 | c4yy | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | כָּ֝תְבֵ֗ם עַל־ל֥וּחַ לִבֶּֽךָ | 1 | See how you translated this clause in 3:3. | |
753 | 7:4 | zi3r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | אֱמֹ֣ר לַֽ֭חָכְמָה אֲחֹ֣תִי אָ֑תְּ וּ֝מֹדָ֗ע לַבִּינָ֥ה תִקְרָֽא | 1 | These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Say to wisdom, ‘You {are} my sister,’ yes, call to understanding, ‘Kinsman,’” | |
754 | 7:4 | hv4f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations | אֱמֹ֣ר לַֽ֭חָכְמָה אֲחֹ֣תִי אָ֑תְּ וּ֝מֹדָ֗ע לַבִּינָ֥ה תִקְרָֽא | 1 | If it would be more natural in your language, you could express these two clauses as indirect quotations. Alternate translation: “Say to wisdom than she is your sister, and all to understanding that she is your kinsman” | |
755 | 7:4 | b9wf | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | לַֽ֭חָכְמָה & לַבִּינָ֥ה | 1 | See how you translated the abstract nouns wisdom and understanding in 1:2. | |
756 | 7:4 | jn44 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | אֱמֹ֣ר לַֽ֭חָכְמָה אֲחֹ֣תִי אָ֑תְּ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of wisdom as if it were a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Value wisdom as if it were a woman to whom you would say, ‘You are my sister,’” | |
757 | 7:4 | z4x8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | וּ֝מֹדָ֗ע לַבִּינָ֥ה תִקְרָֽא | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of understanding as if it were a person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and value understanding as if it were someone whom you would call, ‘Kinsman,’” | |
758 | 7:4 | j17k | וּ֝מֹדָ֗ע לַבִּינָ֥ה תִקְרָֽא | 1 | Although the term Kinsman is masculine, Solomon is using the word in a generic sense that could refer to any close relative. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “and call to understanding, ‘Family member,’” | ||
759 | 7:5 | xkl2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | מֵאִשָּׁ֣ה זָרָ֑ה | 1 | See how you translated strange woman in 2:16. | |
760 | 7:5 | y9gh | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | מִ֝נָּכְרִיָּ֗ה | 1 | Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “to keep you from the foreign woman” | |
761 | 7:5 | s251 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | מִ֝נָּכְרִיָּ֗ה אֲמָרֶ֥יהָ הֶחֱלִֽיקָה | 1 | See how you translated the same clause in 2:16. | |
762 | 7:6 | bs2w | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases | כִּ֭י | 1 | For here introduces a story that Solomon tells in 7:6–23 in order to warn his son against committing adultery. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different word or phrase that introduces a story. Alternate translation: “There was a time when” | |
763 | 7:6 | qhy6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | בְּחַלּ֣וֹן בֵּיתִ֑י | 1 | Solomon implies that he was standing at the window while looking out of it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly, as in the UST. | |
764 | 7:6 | orkg | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | בְּחַלּ֣וֹן בֵּיתִ֑י | 1 | Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a window that is in the side of his house. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “at the window that is in the side of my house” | |
765 | 7:6 | v7n1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | אֶשְׁנַבִּ֣י | 1 | A lattice consists of thin strips of wood that cross one another in a slanted pattern and are placed over a window to partially cover it. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of window covering, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “the window screen” or “the covering on the window” | |
766 | 7:6 | ad5w | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | נִשְׁקָֽפְתִּי | 1 | Here, Solomon implies that he was standing at a location that was higher than the street outside. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I looked down at the street outside” | |
767 | 7:7 | ie51 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | וָאֵ֤רֶא בַפְּתָאיִ֗ם | 1 | Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the next clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “And I saw a young man among the naive ones” | |
768 | 7:7 | il3p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | בַבָּנִ֗ים | 1 | Here, sons refers to young men. It does not specifically refer to Solomon’s sons. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “among the young men” | |
769 | 7:7 | cwb9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | חֲסַר־לֵֽב | 1 | See how you translated this phrase in 6:32. | |
770 | 7:8 | i1kl | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | פִּנָּ֑הּ & בֵּיתָ֣הּ | 1 | In this verse, her refers to an adulterous woman, as referred to in 7:5. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the corner of an adulterous woman … that woman’s house” | |
771 | 7:8 | v7v4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | פִּנָּ֑הּ | 1 | Here, corner refers to the place where two roads intersect. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “her place at the intersection of two streets” | |
772 | 7:8 | az9m | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | וְדֶ֖רֶךְ בֵּיתָ֣הּ יִצְעָֽד | 1 | Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe a way that leads to her house. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and he steps in the way that leads to her house” | |
773 | 7:8 | ek8n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense | יִצְעָֽד | 1 | Here, Solomon uses the present tense in past narration in order to call attention to a development in the story. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense. Alternate translation: “he stepped in” | |
774 | 7:9 | ttvd | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-background | בְּנֶֽשֶׁף־בְּעֶ֥רֶב י֑וֹם בְּאִישׁ֥וֹן לַ֝֗יְלָה וַאֲפֵלָֽה | 1 | Solomon provides this background information about the time period when the young man went to the adulterous woman’s house. Use the natural form in your language for expressing background information. You may need to start a new sentence. Alternate translation: “Now it was the time of the twilight breeze, in the evening of day, in the pupil of the night and darkness” | |
775 | 7:9 | ho8x | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | בְּנֶֽשֶׁף־בְּעֶ֥רֶב י֑וֹם בְּאִישׁ֥וֹן לַ֝֗יְלָה וַאֲפֵלָֽה | 1 | The phrases twilight breeze and evening of day refer to the time when evening begins, but the pupil of the night and darkness refers to the time later in the night. Together these phrases indicate it getting progressively darker as the young man goes to the adulterous woman’s house. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in the twilight breeze, in the evening of day, and even in the pupil of the night and darkness” | |
776 | 7:9 | zn5n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | בְּאִישׁ֥וֹן לַ֝֗יְלָה | 1 | Here, the middle of the night is referred to as a pupil because the pupil is the darkest part of the eye. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in the middle of the night” | |
777 | 7:10 | g5f8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense | וְהִנֵּ֣ה | 1 | Here, Solomon uses the present tense in past narration in order to call attention to a development in the story. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense. Alternate translation: “And behold, there is” | |
778 | 7:10 | gfjz | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וְהִנֵּ֣ה | 1 | Here, behold is a term meant to focus the attention of the reader to what is about to happen next in the story. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could use some emphatic term or expression in your language that would have this same effect. Alternate translation: “And pay attention to this: there was” | |
779 | 7:10 | m3bj | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | לִקְרָאת֑וֹ | 1 | Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “who came out to meet him” | |
780 | 7:10 | bu68 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וּנְצֻ֥רַת לֵֽב | 1 | The phrase guarded of heart is an idiom that refers to hiding one’s intentions or plans from other people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use an idiom from your language. Alternate translation: “and she planned to deceive someone” or “and being wily of heart” | |
781 | 7:11-12 | vkd8 | 1 | In these two verses, Solomon provides background information about the adulterous woman. In your translation, present this information in a way that makes it clear that this is background information. | |||
782 | 7:11 | p460 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense | הֹמִיָּ֣ה & לֹא־יִשְׁכְּנ֥וּ | 1 | Here, Solomon uses the present tense in past narration in order to call attention to a development in the story. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense. Alternate translation: “was a loud … did not stay” | |
783 | 7:11 | es4s | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | בְּ֝בֵיתָ֗הּ לֹא־יִשְׁכְּנ֥וּ רַגְלֶֽיהָ | 1 | Solomon is using one part of a person, the feet, to represent the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “she did not stay in her house” | |
784 | 7:12 | akyj | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure | פַּ֤עַם ׀ בַּח֗וּץ פַּ֥עַם בָּרְחֹב֑וֹת וְאֵ֖צֶל כָּל־פִּנָּ֣ה תֶאֱרֹֽב | 1 | If it would be helpful in your language, you could change the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “She lies in ambush at one time in the street, at another time in the open areas, and beside every corner” | |
785 | 7:12 | uo9h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun | בַּח֗וּץ | 1 | The word street represents streets in general, not one particular street. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “in the streets” | |
786 | 7:12 | hiss | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | פִּנָּ֣ה | 1 | See how you translated corner in 7:8. | |
787 | 7:12 | dezc | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense | תֶאֱרֹֽב | 1 | Here, Solomon uses the present tense in past narration in order to call attention to a development in the story. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense. Alternate translation: “she lay in ambush” | |
788 | 7:12 | h64f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | תֶאֱרֹֽב | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of the adulterous woman looking for a man to persuade to have sex with her as if she were preparing to attack someone by surprise. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “she waited to find someone she could persuade to have sex with” | |
789 | 7:13 | l1ic | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-time-sequential | וְהֶחֱזִ֣יקָה | 1 | Then here indicates that what follows is the continuation of the narrative from 7:10, which Solomon had interrupted with background information in 7:11–12. If it would be helpful in your language, you could show reference to earlier events by translating this relationship by using a fuller phrase. Alternate translation: “After she meets him, she grabs” | |
790 | 7:13 | lfso | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense | וְהֶחֱזִ֣יקָה & וְנָ֣שְׁקָה & הֵעֵ֥זָה & וַתֹּ֣אמַר | 1 | Here, Solomon uses the present tense in past narration in order to call attention to a development in the story. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense. Alternate translation: “And she grabbed … and kissed … she strengthened … and said” | |
791 | 7:13 | vef7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | הֵעֵ֥זָה פָ֝נֶ֗יהָ | 1 | Here, strengthens her face means that the woman had a facial expression that showed how shameless or impudent she was. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a similar expression from your language or express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “she had a brazen face” or “with a shameless expression on her face” | |
792 | 7:14 | sa2m | זִבְחֵ֣י שְׁלָמִ֣ים עָלָ֑י | 1 | The woman implies that she has meat to eat at her home because someone who made peace offerings was allowed to keep some of the meat that was offered to Yahweh in the temple (see Leviticus 7:11–17 and 1 Samuel 9:11–13). If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I have leftover meat from the sacrifices of peace offerings I made to Yahweh in the temple” | ||
793 | 7:14 | ei2g | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | הַ֝יּ֗וֹם שִׁלַּ֥מְתִּי נְדָרָֽי | 1 | Here, vows refers to the sacrifices of peace offerings that the woman promised to sacrifice to God. According to Leviticus 7:16, the woman would have to eat the meat leftover from paying her vows by the end of the next day. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “I made the sacrifices I promised to give to God” | |
794 | 7:15 | zhni | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | לְשַׁחֵ֥ר | 1 | The woman is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “I came out to diligently seek” | |
795 | 7:15 | fys2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | פָּ֝נֶ֗יךָ | 1 | Here, face refers to being in the presence of the whole person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “your presence” or “where you are” | |
796 | 7:16 | k6lt | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | עַרְשִׂ֑י | 1 | Here, couch refers to a platform that wealthy people would sit or lie on in order to rest or sleep. If your readers would not be familiar with this type of furniture, you could use the name of something similar in your area or you could use a more general term. Alternate translation: “my place for resting” | |
797 | 7:16 | bi4j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | מַ֭רְבַדִּים & חֲ֝טֻב֗וֹת אֵט֥וּן מִצְרָֽיִם | 1 | Here, the woman describes the coverings as being colored linen of Egypt, which is expensive and luxurious fabric. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “with coverings, which are expensive colored linen of Egypt” | |
798 | 7:17 | g7k4 | נַ֥פְתִּי מִשְׁכָּבִ֑י | 1 | Alternate translation: “scattered on my bed” | ||
799 | 7:17 | ibk7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | מֹ֥ר אֲ֝הָלִ֗ים וְקִנָּמֽוֹן | 1 | This mixture of myrrh, aloes, and cinnamon consisted of pleasant-smelling substances that were mixed together and used like perfume. If your readers would not be familiar with these substances, you could use a general expression. Alternate translation: “with pleasant-smelling substances” | |
800 | 7:18 | w7yl | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | נִרְוֶ֣ה דֹ֭דִים | 1 | The word translated drench refers to giving a baby a satisfying amount of milk. Here, the woman speaks about satisfying one’s sexual desires as if one were satisfying the thirst of a hungry baby. If it would be helpful in your language, your could express the meaning plainly or use a more general expression. Alternate translation: “let us satisfy our sexual desires” or “let us satisfy ourselves with lusts as a mother’s breasts fill her child with food” | |
801 | 7:18 | h91x | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | דֹ֭דִים & בָּאֳהָבִֽים | 1 | The words lusts and loves are plural here for emphasis. In this verse, both words refer to passionate sexual activity. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “intense lust … with intense love” | |
802 | 7:19 | ykvp | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | כִּ֤י | 1 | For here indicates that what follows is the reason why the woman thinks that it is safe for the young man to come with her, as she told him in the previous verse. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a reason. Alternate translation: “We can do this because” | |
803 | 7:19 | vc42 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | הָאִ֣ישׁ | 1 | Here, the man refers to the woman’s husband. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the man whom I married” | |
804 | 7:19 | jib6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | בְּבֵית֑וֹ | 1 | Here, the woman speaks of the house that she lives in with her husband as if it were his house. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in our house” | |
805 | 7:19 | lzod | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ מֵרָחֽוֹק | 1 | Here, road refers to a journey that would include traveling on a road. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “on a journey to a far away place” | |
806 | 7:20 | v65w | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | צְֽרוֹר־הַ֭כֶּסֶף לָקַ֣ח בְּיָד֑וֹ | 1 | This clause implies that the woman’s husband will be gone for a long time because he took a lot of money with him when he left. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “He will be gone for a long time because he took the bag of the silver in his hand” | |
807 | 7:20 | aop7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | צְֽרוֹר־הַ֭כֶּסֶף | 1 | Here, the woman is using the possessive form to describe a bag that is full of silver. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the bag full of silver” | |
808 | 7:20 | zw96 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | הַ֝כֵּ֗סֶא | 1 | The phrase full moon refers to the moon when it looks like a perfectly round disk in the sky, shining at its brightest. This occurs at the middle of each month. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the moon shining its brightest” | |
809 | 7:20 | hel0 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | בֵיתֽוֹ | 1 | See how you translated this phrase in the previous verse. | |
810 | 7:21 | rcm0 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense | הִ֭טַּתּוּ & תַּדִּיחֶֽנּוּ | 1 | Here, Solomon uses the present tense in past narration in order to call attention to a development in the story. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense. Alternate translation: “She led him astray … she compelled him” | |
811 | 7:21 | ev91 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | הִ֭טַּתּוּ & לִקְחָ֑הּ & שְׂ֝פָתֶ֗יהָ תַּדִּיחֶֽנּוּ | 1 | She and her in this verse refer to the adulterous woman who was spoke in 7:14–20 and him refers to the young man whom she is seducing. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The adulterous woman led the young man astray … that woman’s teaching … that woman’s lips she compels that man” | |
812 | 7:21 | ptg3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | הִ֭טַּתּוּ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of the woman persuading the young man to do something as if she were causing him to change the direction in which he was walking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “She persuaded him” | |
813 | 7:21 | lq2h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | בְּרֹ֣ב לִקְחָ֑הּ | 1 | Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to refer to an abundant amount of teaching. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “with her abundant amount of teaching” | |
814 | 7:21 | l3nt | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | בְּחֵ֥לֶק שְׂ֝פָתֶ֗יהָ | 1 | Here, Solomon refers to the seductive speech of the adulterous woman as if it were the smoothness of her lips. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “with her seductive speech” | |
815 | 7:21 | c6k6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | תַּדִּיחֶֽנּוּ | 1 | Here, Solomon implies that the adulterous woman compelled the young man to commit adultery with her. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “she compelled him to go with her” or “she compelled him to have sex with her” | |
816 | 7:22 | sscq | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | כְּ֭שׁוֹר אֶל־טָ֣בַח | 1 | Solomon is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “like an ox that is going to slaughter” | |
817 | 7:22 | rvi9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | כְּ֭שׁוֹר אֶל־טָ֣בַח יָב֑וֹא | 1 | Solomon compares the young man who does not know that he was going to die to an ox that was unknowingly going to be slaughtered. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state that explicitly. Alternate translation: “he unknowingly goes to be killed” | |
818 | 7:22 | qxqd | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-tense | יָב֑וֹא | 1 | Here, Solomon uses the present tense in past narration in order to call attention to a development in the story. If it would not be natural to do that in your language, you could use the past tense. Alternate translation: “he went” | |
819 | 7:22 | pk4m | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants | וּ֝כְעֶ֗כֶס אֶל־מוּסַ֥ר אֱוִֽיל | 1 | The ULT is a translation of the Hebrew text for this clause. However, some ancient translations of this clause read “and like a deer to a trap.” If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT. | |
820 | 7:22 | tal5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וּ֝כְעֶ֗כֶס אֶל־מוּסַ֥ר אֱוִֽיל | 1 | Here, Solomon compares the man not being able to escape his death as if he were a fool who could not escape correction because he had a chain around his ankle. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the language plainly. Alternate translation: “and he will inevitably die” | |
821 | 7:22 | qrn6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | מוּסַ֥ר | 1 | See how you translated the abstract noun correction in 3:11. | |
822 | 7:23 | t5u4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | יְפַלַּ֪ח חֵ֡ץ כְּֽבֵד֗וֹ | 1 | Here, liver refers to an organ in one’s body that one needs in order to remain alive. Solomon means that the arrow will kill whomever it strikes. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “an arrow pierces his vital organs” or “an arrow kills him” | |
823 | 7:23 | r6zr | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | כְּמַהֵ֣ר צִפּ֣וֹר אֶל־פָּ֑ח | 1 | Solomon compares the young man who is quickly doing something that will kill him to a bird rushing into a trap. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “he quickly goes to be killed” | |
824 | 7:23 | qgxo | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | הֽוּא | 1 | The pronoun it here refers to committing adultery. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “committing adultery” or “having sex with a married woman” | |
825 | 7:23 | zvp5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | בְנַפְשׁ֥וֹ הֽוּא | 1 | This phrase is an idiom that means that this person will die as a result of what he did. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an idiom with the same meaning from your language or you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “it would cost him his life” or “it would kill him” | |
826 | 7:24 | wen3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases | וְעַתָּ֣ה בָ֭נִים שִׁמְעוּ־לִ֑י | 1 | And now here indicates a transition from the story of the adulterous woman and young man in 7:6–23 to the call to pay attention that follows. See how you translated the same clause in 5:7. | |
827 | 7:24 | mtq9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases | לְאִמְרֵי־פִֽי | 1 | See how you translated this phrase in 4:5. | |
828 | 7:25 | l3s9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | אַל־יֵ֣שְׂטְ אֶל־דְּרָכֶ֣יהָ לִבֶּ֑ךָ אַל־תֵּ֝תַע בִּנְתִיבוֹתֶֽיהָ | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Do not let your heart turn aside to her ways; yes, do not wander into her tracks” | |
829 | 7:25 | gk8c | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | אַל־יֵ֣שְׂטְ אֶל־דְּרָכֶ֣יהָ לִבֶּ֑ךָ אַל־תֵּ֝תַע בִּנְתִיבוֹתֶֽיהָ | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks behaving like an adulterous woman as if one were turning aside to go on her ways or wandering on her tracks. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated ways in 3:6 and tracks in 2:15. Alternate translation: “Do not let your heart want to do the things that the adulterous woman does; do not do anything that she does” | |
830 | 7:25 | wm1h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | לִבֶּ֑ךָ | 1 | See how you translated the same use of heart in 2:2. | |
831 | 7:26 | ncnb | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | כִּֽי | 1 | For here indicates that what follows is a reason for the commands in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “Do not do those things because” | |
832 | 7:26 | umha | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun | הִפִּ֑ילָה & הֲרֻגֶֽיהָ | 1 | In this verse, she and her refer to any adulterous woman, not one specific adulterous wife. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “an adulterous woman has caused … to fall … ones slain by such a woman” | |
833 | 7:26 | xx9k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | חֲלָלִ֣ים | 1 | Here, pierced ones refers to people who have been killed, since people were often killed by being pierced by spears or arrows. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “dead ones” | |
834 | 7:26 | hewm | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | הִפִּ֑ילָה | 1 | Here, Solomon uses fall to refer to dying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “she has caused … to die” | |
835 | 7:26 | xb2q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | הֲרֻגֶֽיהָ | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the ones whom she has slain” | |
836 | 7:27 | h6jn | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | בֵּיתָ֑הּ | 1 | See how you translated the same use of Her house in 2:18. | |
837 | 7:27 | cs4s | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | דַּרְכֵ֣י שְׁא֣וֹל | 1 | Although ways here is plural, it refers to the singular house at the beginning of this verse. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use the singular form here. Alternate translation: “is the way of Sheol” | |
838 | 7:27 | g21s | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | דַּרְכֵ֣י שְׁא֣וֹל | 1 | Here, Solomon is using the possessive form to describe ways that result in someone going to Sheol. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “is the way that lead to Sheol” or “is the way that cause one to go to Sheol” | |
839 | 7:27 | ayvy | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | דַּרְכֵ֣י | 1 | See how you translated ways in 3:6. | |
840 | 7:27 | ry42 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | יֹ֝רְד֗וֹת אֶל־חַדְרֵי־מָֽוֶת | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of a man doing something that would result in his death as if he were going on a path that is descending to the chambers of death. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “results in a man dying” or “causes a man to die” | |
841 | 7:27 | fvmk | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | חַדְרֵי־מָֽוֶת | 1 | This phrase refers to the place where people’s spirits go when they die, which was called Sheol in the previous clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the place where the spirits of dead people dwell” or “the place of the dead” | |
842 | 8:intro | z8jj | 0 | Proverbs 8 General NotesStructure and formatting
Special concepts in this chapterWisdom calls outIn this chapter, wisdom is referred to as if it were a woman who calls out for all to learn from her and was with God when he created the universe. In languages where it is possible for something like wisdom to be spoken of as if it were a person who speaks, the translator should translate in this way. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate the personification as similes instead. In that case wisdom would be presented as being like a wise woman. When wisdom speaks in 8:4–36, the notes will use the proper noun “Wisdom” to indicate that the personification of wisdom is speaking. See how you translated similar references to wisdom in 1:20–33. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |||
843 | 8:1 | v9h5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | הֲלֹֽא־חָכְמָ֥ה תִקְרָ֑א וּ֝תְבוּנָ֗ה תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽהּ | 1 | Solomon is using the question form to emphasize that wisdom is available to everyone. If you would not use the question form for this purpose in your language, you could translate this as a statement or an exclamation. Alternate translation: “Surely wisdom calls out and understanding gives her voice!” | |
844 | 8:1 | yywn | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | הֲלֹֽא־חָכְמָ֥ה תִקְרָ֑א וּ֝תְבוּנָ֗ה תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽהּ | 1 | Solomon is leaving out some words in the second clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply the word from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Does not wisdom call out, and does not understanding give her voice” | |
845 | 8:1 | qsc7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | הֲלֹֽא־חָכְמָ֥ה תִקְרָ֑א וּ֝תְבוּנָ֗ה תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽהּ | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Does not wisdom call out, yes, does not understanding give her voice” or “Surely wisdom calls out, yes, surely understanding gives her voice!” | |
846 | 8:1 | meo7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | חָכְמָ֥ה & וּ֝תְבוּנָ֗ה | 1 | See how you translated the abstract nouns wisdom and understanding in 1:2. | |
847 | 8:1 | i9hu | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | תִקְרָ֑א & תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽהּ | 1 | In this verse, wisdom and understanding are spoken of as if they were women. See the discussion of such personification in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “call out as if it were a woman … give her voice as if it were a woman” | |
848 | 8:1 | k4ug | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | תִּתֵּ֥ן קוֹלָֽהּ | 1 | See how you translated this phrase in 1:20. | |
849 | 8:2 | co6l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure | בְּרֹאשׁ־מְרוֹמִ֥ים עֲלֵי־דָ֑רֶךְ בֵּ֖ית נְתִיב֣וֹת נִצָּֽבָה | 1 | If it would be more natural in your language, you could change the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “She stations herself at the head of the heights beside the road, the house of the paths” | |
850 | 8:2 | gpgq | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | בְּרֹאשׁ־מְרוֹמִ֥ים עֲלֵי־דָ֑רֶךְ בֵּ֖ית נְתִיב֣וֹת | 1 | The phrases the head of the heights beside the road and the house of the paths both refer to the same place, which is a place where there would be many people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “At the public place at the head of the heights beside the road, the house of the paths” | |
851 | 8:2 | a8s0 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | בְּרֹאשׁ־מְרוֹמִ֥ים | 1 | The phrase the head of the heights refers to the top of a hill or elevated place. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “At the top of hill” or “At the highest place” | |
852 | 8:2 | meix | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | בֵּ֖ית נְתִיב֣וֹת | 1 | This phrase refers to the place where roads intersect. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “where roads intersect” or “the crossroads” | |
853 | 8:2 | qbmv | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | נִצָּֽבָה | 1 | Here, she refers to wisdom as if it were a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “wisdom stations herself” or “wisdom stations itself as if it were a woman” | |
854 | 8:3 | kbb0 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure | לְיַד־שְׁעָרִ֥ים לְפִי־קָ֑רֶת מְב֖וֹא פְתָחִ֣ים תָּרֹֽנָּה | 1 | If it would be more natural in your language, you could change the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “She cries out at the hand of the gates, at the mouth of the city, the entrance of the openings” | |
855 | 8:3 | knp4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | לְיַד־שְׁעָרִ֥ים לְפִי־קָ֑רֶת מְב֖וֹא פְתָחִ֣ים | 1 | The phrases the hand of the gates, the mouth of the city, and the entrance of the openings all refer to the same place, which is inside the main gate of the city where there would be many people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “At the public place at the hand of the gates, at the mouth of the city, the entrance of the openings” | |
856 | 8:3 | z73y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | לְיַד | 1 | Here, hand refers to the place beside the gates. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “At the side of” | |
857 | 8:3 | htxz | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | לְפִי־קָ֑רֶת | 1 | Here, mouth refers to the entrance to the city. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at the entrance of the city” | |
858 | 8:3 | q3hb | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun | קָ֑רֶת | 1 | The word city represents cities in general, not one particular city. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “any city” | |
859 | 8:3 | mwys | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | מְב֖וֹא פְתָחִ֣ים | 1 | This phrase refers to the main entrance into the city, which had gates. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the main entrance” | |
860 | 8:3 | nkc9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | תָּרֹֽנָּה | 1 | Here, she refers to wisdom as if it were a woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “wisdom cries out” or “wisdom cries out as if it were a woman” | |
861 | 8:4 | f4h9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations | אִישִׁ֣ים | 1 | Although men is masculine, here it refers to people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “people” | |
862 | 8:4 | jxm5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | וְ֝קוֹלִ֗י | 1 | Here, voice refers to what wisdom is saying. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and what I am saying” | |
863 | 8:4 | j5l1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations | בְּנֵ֥י אָדָֽם | 1 | Although sons and man are masculine, this phrase refers to all human beings. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “humankind” | |
864 | 8:5 | er9q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | עָרְמָ֑ה | 1 | See how you translated the abstract noun prudence in 1:4. | |
865 | 8:5 | bg5r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | לֵֽב | 1 | Here, heart refers to discernment. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “discernment” | |
866 | 8:6 | a3zk | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | וּמִפְתַּ֥ח שְׂ֝פָתַ֗י | 1 | Here, the opening of my lips refers to what is said when Wisdom opens her lips to speak. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when I open my mouth to speak” | |
867 | 8:7 | s9bj | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | כִּֽי | 1 | For here indicates that what follows in 8:7–9 are additional reasons why people should listen to Wisdom, as commanded in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows are reasons. Alternate translation: “Listen because” | |
868 | 8:7 | juy2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | חִכִּ֑י & שְׂפָתַ֣י | 1 | Here, palate and lips refer to the person who is speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I … me” | |
869 | 8:7 | f6mp | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | אֱ֭מֶת & וְתוֹעֲבַ֖ת & רֶֽשַׁע | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract nouns for the ideas of truth, wickedness, and abomination, you could express the same ideas in another way. See how you translated wickedness in 4:17 and abomination in 3:32. Alternate translation: “true things, and wicked things are abominable to” | |
870 | 8:8 | m1kf | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | אִמְרֵי | 1 | See how you translated the similar use of words in 1:23. | |
871 | 8:8 | am3k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | פִ֑י | 1 | Here, mouth refers to the person who is speaking. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “mine” | |
872 | 8:8 | k4ps | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | בְּצֶ֥דֶק | 1 | Wisdom is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the context if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “are spoken in righteousness” or “are spoken righteously” | |
873 | 8:8 | btx5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | נִפְתָּ֥ל וְעִקֵּֽשׁ | 1 | Here, Wisdom refers to something that is false as if it were twisted. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “untrue” | |
874 | 8:8 | jbcr | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וְעִקֵּֽשׁ | 1 | See how you translated the same use of crooked in 2:15. | |
875 | 8:8 | byoi | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | בָּ֝הֶ֗ם | 1 | Here, them refers to the words of my mouth stated in the previous clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “in those words” or “in what I say” | |
876 | 8:9 | nn5r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | כֻּלָּ֣ם | 1 | See how you translated them in the previous verse. | |
877 | 8:9 | ga8o | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | וִֽ֝ישָׁרִ֗ים | 1 | Wisdom is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and all of them are upright things” | |
878 | 8:9 | jyh4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | לְמֹ֣צְאֵי דָֽעַת | 1 | Here, wisdom speaks of acquiring knowledge as if it were something that people find. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “for people who acquire knowledge” | |
879 | 8:9 | f1c2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | דָֽעַת | 1 | See how you translated the abstract noun knowledge in 1:4. | |
880 | 8:10 | w8ks | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | קְחֽוּ־מוּסָרִ֥י וְאַל־כָּ֑סֶף וְ֝דַ֗עַת מֵחָר֥וּץ נִבְחָֽר | 1 | Solomon is leaving out a word in the second clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply this word from the first clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Take my instruction and not silver, and take knowledge more than choice gold” | |
881 | 8:10 | siva | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | קְחֽוּ־מוּסָרִ֥י וְאַל־כָּ֑סֶף וְ֝דַ֗עַת מֵחָר֥וּץ נִבְחָֽר | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first clause by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word other than and in order to show that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Take my instruction and not silver, yes, take knowledge more than choice gold” | |
882 | 8:10 | y385 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | קְחֽוּ | 1 | Here, wisdom speaks of acquiring instruction and knowledge as if they were objects that a person can Take. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Acquire” | |
883 | 8:10 | z0vl | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | מוּסָרִ֥י & וְ֝דַ֗עַת | 1 | See how you translated the abstract nouns instruction in 1:2 and knowledge in 1:4. | |
884 | 8:10 | ls6l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | וְאַל־כָּ֑סֶף | 1 | Here, and not means the same as rather than in the next clause. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “rather than silver” | |
885 | 8:10 | v5jl | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | מֵחָר֥וּץ נִבְחָֽר | 1 | Here, choice gold refers to gold that is the best quality. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “more than the best gold” | |
886 | 8:11 | wl6p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-123person | חָ֭כְמָה & בָֽהּ | 1 | Here, wisdom, personified as a woman, is speaking about herself in the third person. If this would not be natural in your language, you could use the first person form. Alternate translation: “I … with me” | |
887 | 8:11 | ph7f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | מִפְּנִינִ֑ים | 1 | See how you translated corals in 3:15. | |
888 | 8:12 | mj24 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | שָׁכַ֣נְתִּי עָרְמָ֑ה | 1 | Here, wisdom speaks of being associated with prudence as if prudence were a person that wisdom dwells with. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “What is wise is associated with what is prudent” or “I dwell with prudence like two people live in the same house” | |
889 | 8:12 | w6pq | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | חָ֭כְמָה & עָרְמָ֑ה וְדַ֖עַת מְזִמּ֣וֹת | 1 | See how you translated the abstract nouns Wisdom in 1:2, and prudence, knowledge, and discretion in 1:4. | |
890 | 8:12 | m5lo | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | וְדַ֖עַת מְזִמּ֣וֹת | 1 | Here, Wisdom is using the possessive form to describe a knowledge that is about discretion. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “and knowing discretion” | |
891 | 8:12 | jk94 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וְדַ֖עַת מְזִמּ֣וֹת אֶמְצָֽא | 1 | Here, Wisdom speaks of enabling people to have knowledge of discretion as if they were objects that one could find. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I enable you to acquire knowledge of discretion” or “What is wise enables you to acquire knowledge of discretion” | |
892 | 8:13 | gp8g | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | יִֽרְאַ֣ת יְהוָה֮ | 1 | See how you translated the fear of Yahweh in 1:7. | |
893 | 8:13 | v5jj | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | רָ֥ע גֵּ֘אָ֤ה וְגָא֨וֹן | 1 | If your language does not use abstract nouns for the ideas of evil, pride, and arrogance, you could express the same ideas in other ways. See how you translated evil in 1:16. Alternate translation: “evil things … being proud and arrogant” | |
894 | 8:13 | mixv | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וְדֶ֣רֶךְ רָ֭ע | 1 | See how you translated this use of way in 1:15. | |
895 | 8:13 | kjg4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | וּפִ֨י תַהְפֻּכ֬וֹת | 1 | Here, Wisdom is using the possessive form to describe a mouth that speaks perverse things. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “and the mouth that speaks perverse things” | |
896 | 8:13 | cnc2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | וּפִ֨י | 1 | Here, mouth represents the person speaking perverse things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and the person who speaks” | |
897 | 8:14 | guc9 | עֵ֭צָה וְתוּשִׁיָּ֑ה & בִ֝ינָ֗ה & גְבוּרָֽה | 1 | See how you translated Counsel in 1:25, wisdom and ** understanding** in 1:2, and strength in 5:10. | ||
898 | 8:14 | sne9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | לִֽי־עֵ֭צָה וְתוּשִׁיָּ֑ה & לִ֣י גְבוּרָֽה | 1 | Here, Wisdom speaks of enabling people to have Counsel, sound wisdom, and strength as if they were objects that belong to Wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I enable you to acquire counsel and sound wisdom … I enable you to acquire strength” or “What is wise enables you to acquire counsel and sound wisdom … what is wise enables you to acquire strength” | |
899 | 8:15 | dewa | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | וְ֝רוֹזְנִ֗ים יְחֹ֣קְקוּ צֶֽדֶק | 1 | Wisdom is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and by me dignitaries decree righteousness” or “and by what is wise dignitaries decree righteousness” | |
900 | 8:15 | sajw | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | צֶֽדֶק | 1 | See how you translated the abstract noun righteousness in 1:3. | |
901 | 8:16 | yk59 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | וּ֝נְדִיבִ֗ים | 1 | Wisdom is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and by me nobles rule” or “and by what is wise nobles rule” | |
902 | 8:16 | qn4w | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-distinguish | וּ֝נְדִיבִ֗ים כָּל־שֹׁ֥פְטֵי צֶֽדֶק | 1 | This phrase is making a distinction between nobles who are judges of righteousness and those who are not. It is not giving us further information the nobles. If it would be helpful in your language, you could make the relationship between these phrases more clear. Alternate translation: “and nobles, that is, all those nobles who are judges of righteousness” | |
903 | 8:16 | hg7e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | שֹׁ֥פְטֵי צֶֽדֶק | 1 | Here, Wisdom is using the possessive form to describe judges that are characterized by righteousness. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “righteous judges” | |
904 | 8:17 | e3jr | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns | אֲ֭נִי & אֵהָ֑ב | 1 | Wisdom uses the word myself to emphasize how significant it was that wisdom is like a woman who loves those who love her. Use a way that is natural in your language to indicate this significance. Alternate translation: “Even I love” | |
905 | 8:17 | kpvv | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | אֲ֭נִי אֹהֲבַ֣י אֵהָ֑ב | 1 | Here, wisdom is depicted as if it were a person who canlove and be loved by people. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “Wisdom benefits those who value it” or “It is as if wisdom were a woman who loves those who love her” | |
906 | 8:17 | xz9h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | וּ֝מְשַׁחֲרַ֗י יִמְצָאֻֽנְנִי | 1 | Here, people trying to be wise and succeeding is described as if wisdom were a person who people can seek and find. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and those who diligently try to become wise will become wise” | |
907 | 8:18 | k7hf | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | עֹֽשֶׁר־וְכָב֥וֹד אִתִּ֑י | 1 | Here, Wisdom speaks of enabling people to have Riches, honor, surpassing wealth, and righteousness as if they were objects that were with Wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I enable you to have riches, honor, surpassing wealth, and righteousness” or “What is wise enables you to have riches, honor, surpassing wealth, and righteousness” | |
908 | 8:18 | a275 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | ה֥וֹן עָ֝תֵ֗ק וּצְדָקָֽה | 1 | Wisdom is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “surpassing wealth and righteousness are with me” or “surpassing wealth and righteousness are with what is wise” | |
909 | 8:18 | q481 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | וְכָב֥וֹד & וּצְדָקָֽה | 1 | See how you translated the abstract nouns honor in 3:16 and righteousness in 1:3. | |
910 | 8:19 | eyc2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | ט֣וֹב פִּ֭רְיִי | 1 | Here, fruit refers to the benefits that a person receives from having wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “My benefits are better” or “The benefits I can give you are better” | |
911 | 8:19 | hudk | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet | מֵחָר֣וּץ וּמִפָּ֑ז | 1 | The terms gold and refined gold mean similar things. Wisdom is using them together for emphasis. If it would be clearer for your readers, you could express the emphasis with a single phrase. Alternate translation: “than the finest gold” | |
912 | 8:19 | rqy3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וּ֝תְבוּאָתִ֗י | 1 | Here, produce refers to the benefits that a person receives from having wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and my benefits” or “and the benefits I can give you” | |
913 | 8:19 | dzjk | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | מִכֶּ֥סֶף נִבְחָֽר | 1 | Wisdom is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from earlier in the sentence if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “is better than choice silver” | |
914 | 8:19 | i7wp | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | מִכֶּ֥סֶף נִבְחָֽר | 1 | Here, choice silver refers to silver that is the best quality. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “than the best silver” | |
915 | 8:20 | tks1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | בְּאֹֽרַח־צְדָקָ֥ה אֲהַלֵּ֑ך | 1 | Here, Wisdom speaks of behaving righteously as if someone were walking on a path. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I behave righteously” | |
916 | 8:20 | wask | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | בְּאֹֽרַח־צְדָקָ֥ה | 1 | Here, Wisdom is using the possessive form to describe the path that is characterized by righteousness. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the righteous path” | |
917 | 8:20 | ax2e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | בְּ֝ת֗וֹךְ נְתִיב֥וֹת מִשְׁפָּֽט | 1 | Wisdom is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “I walk in the midst of the beaten paths of justice” | |
918 | 8:20 | rg74 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | נְתִיב֥וֹת מִשְׁפָּֽט | 1 | Here, Wisdom is using the possessive form to describe the beaten paths that are characterized by justice. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the just beaten paths” | |
919 | 8:21 | kx1e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal | לְהַנְחִ֖יל אֹהֲבַ֥י | 1 | Here, to indicates that what follows is the purpose for what Wisdom does in the previous verse. Use a natural way in your language for introducing a purpose. You may want to begin a new sentence. Alternate translation: “I do that for the purpose of causing those who love me to inherit” | |
920 | 8:21 | mg4q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | וְאֹצְרֹ֖תֵיהֶ֣ם | 1 | The word treasuries refers to buildings or rooms where people store valuable things. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and their buildings where they store precious things” | |
921 | 8:22 | f91m | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | יְֽהוָ֗ה קָ֭נָנִי רֵאשִׁ֣ית דַּרְכּ֑וֹ קֶ֖דֶם מִפְעָלָ֣יו מֵאָֽז | 1 | Wisdom is leaving out a word in the second clause that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply this word from the first clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh possessed me at the beginning of his way, Yahweh possessed me before his works from then” | |
922 | 8:22 | eias | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | יְֽהוָ֗ה קָ֭נָנִי רֵאשִׁ֣ית דַּרְכּ֑וֹ קֶ֖דֶם מִפְעָלָ֣יו מֵאָֽז | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first clause by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the phrases with a word that shows that the second phrase is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “Yahweh possessed me at the beginning of his way, yes, Yahweh possessed me before his works from then” | |
923 | 8:22 | ucgn | קָ֭נָנִי | 1 | Some scholars believe that the word translated as possessed could also mean “created.” Either way, the point is that Yahweh had wisdom before he created the universe. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT. | ||
924 | 8:22 | xu3p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | דַּרְכּ֑וֹ & מִפְעָלָ֣יו | 1 | The phrases his way and his works both refer to Yahweh creating the universe. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “his creating … his creative works” | |
925 | 8:22 | g6hj | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | מֵאָֽז | 1 | Here, then refers to the beginning mentioned in the previous clause, which refers to when Yahweh started creating the universe. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “from the beginning” | |
926 | 8:23 | hkmu | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure | מֵ֭עוֹלָם נִסַּ֥כְתִּי מֵרֹ֗אשׁ מִקַּדְמֵי־אָֽרֶץ | 1 | If it would be helpful in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “I was poured out from eternity, from the head, from the ancient times of the earth” | |
927 | 8:23 | mh2d | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | מֵ֭עוֹלָם | 1 | Here, eternity refers to the distant past. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Very long ago” | |
928 | 8:23 | swag | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | נִסַּ֥כְתִּי | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh poured me out” | |
929 | 8:23 | vhov | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | נִסַּ֥כְתִּי | 1 | Here, Wisdom speaks of being established as if it were a liquid that was poured out. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I was established” | |
930 | 8:23 | v4tq | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | מֵרֹ֗אשׁ | 1 | Here, head refers to the first in a series of something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “at the first” | |
931 | 8:23 | mth7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | מִקַּדְמֵי־אָֽרֶץ | 1 | The phrase the ancient times of the earth refers to the time when the earth was made. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “from when God created the earth” | |
932 | 8:24 | oijk | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure | בְּאֵין־תְּהֹמ֥וֹת חוֹלָ֑לְתִּי בְּאֵ֥ין מַ֝עְיָנ֗וֹת נִכְבַּדֵּי־מָֽיִם | 1 | If it would be helpful in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “I was brought forth when there were no watery depths and when there were no springs heavy with water” | |
933 | 8:24 | erhg | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | חוֹלָ֑לְתִּי | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh brought me forth” | |
934 | 8:24 | jo9p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | חוֹלָ֑לְתִּי | 1 | Here, Wisdom speaks of starting to exist as if it were something that was brought forth, which is an idiomatic way to say “born.” If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “I started to exist” | |
935 | 8:24 | el5o | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | מַ֝עְיָנ֗וֹת נִכְבַּדֵּי־מָֽיִם | 1 | Here, Wisdom speaks of springs being full of water that flows out as if they were heavy with water. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “springs full of flowing water” | |
936 | 8:25 | u2m1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure | בְּטֶ֣רֶם הָרִ֣ים הָטְבָּ֑עוּ לִפְנֵ֖י גְבָע֣וֹת חוֹלָֽלְתִּי | 1 | If it would be helpful in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. Alternate translation: “I was brought forth before the mountains were sunk and before the face of the hills” | |
937 | 8:25 | z5y4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | הָרִ֣ים הָטְבָּ֑עוּ | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh sunk the mountains” | |
938 | 8:25 | ryrx | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | הָרִ֣ים הָטְבָּ֑עוּ | 1 | Here, Wisdom speaks of the creation of the mountains as if their foundations were sunk in the earth. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the mountains were created” | |
939 | 8:25 | f9dm | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | לִפְנֵ֖י גְבָע֣וֹת | 1 | Here, face represents the presence of the hills as if they were a person with a face. Wisdom is referring to the time before the hills existed. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “before the existence of the hills” | |
940 | 8:25 | asn5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | חוֹלָֽלְתִּי | 1 | See how you translated this phrase in the previous verse. | |
941 | 8:26 | r8jv | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure | עַד־לֹ֣א עָ֭שָׂה אֶ֣רֶץ וְחוּצ֑וֹת וְ֝רֹ֗אשׁ עָפְר֥וֹת תֵּבֵֽל | 1 | This verse continues the sentence that began in the previous verse. If you divide the previous verse and this verse into separate sentences, then you will need to repeat the main clause from the previous verse. Alternate translation: “I was brought forth before he made the earth or the outside places or the head of the loose soil of the world” | |
942 | 8:26 | y533 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | וְחוּצ֑וֹת | 1 | Here, outside places refers to the fields in the countryside. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “open spaces of the countryside” | |
943 | 8:26 | tb6t | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וְ֝רֹ֗אשׁ | 1 | Here, the head refers to the first part of something. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “or the first of” | |
944 | 8:27 | t648 | This verse is the beginning of a sentence that continues through 8:29. If you make each of these verses a separate sentence, then you will need to repeat I was there in each of those verses. | ||||
945 | 8:27 | nk15 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure | בַּהֲכִינ֣וֹ שָׁ֭מַיִם שָׁ֣ם אָ֑נִי | 1 | If it would be helpful in your language, you could change the order of these phrases. This verse is the beginning of a sentence that continues through 8:29. If you make each verse a separate sentence, then you will need to repeat the main clause of this verse in each of those verses. Alternate translation: “I was there when he established the heavens” | |
946 | 8:27 | b5db | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | בְּח֥וּקוֹ ח֝֗וּג עַל־פְּנֵ֥י תְהֽוֹם | 1 | This clause refers to Yahweh forming the horizon between the sky and ocean as if he were drawing a circle on the ocean’s surface. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when he made the horizon between the heavens and the surface of the ocean” | |
947 | 8:28 | wnj8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | בְּאַמְּצ֣וֹ שְׁחָקִ֣ים | 1 | Here, Wisdom speaks of God forming the clouds as if he made them firm. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “When he created the clouds” | |
948 | 8:28 | z2v2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | בַּ֝עֲז֗וֹז עִינ֥וֹת תְּהוֹם | 1 | Here, Wisdom speaks of the springs flowing with much water as if they were people who became strong. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when the springs of the watery deep flowed strongly” | |
949 | 8:28 | ii3s | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | עִינ֥וֹת תְּהוֹם | 1 | Here, Wisdom is using the possessive form to describe the springs that supply water to the watery deep, which refers to the bottom of the ocean. If your language would not use the possessive form for this, you could use a different expression. Alternate translation: “the springs that fill the watery deep” | |
950 | 8:29 | titz | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-pronouns | בְּשׂ֘וּמ֤וֹ & פִ֑יו & בְּ֝חוּק֗וֹ | 1 | In this verse, he and his refer to Yahweh. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “when Yahweh set up … Yahweh’s mouth … when Yahweh inscribed” | |
951 | 8:29 | pd76 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | חֻקּ֗וֹ | 1 | Here, law refers to the limit or boundary of sea, where the sea ends and the dry land begins. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “its limit” | |
952 | 8:29 | vk7f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | פִ֑יו | 1 | Here, mouth refers to God’s law that was mentioned in the previous clause as if it were a command spoken by God. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “his command” or “that limit” | |
953 | 8:29 | f3j9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | בְּ֝חוּק֗וֹ | 1 | This clause refers to Yahweh designating the foundations of the earth as if he were drawing them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “when he designated” or “when he decreed” | |
954 | 8:29 | j9sa | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | מ֣וֹסְדֵי אָֽרֶץ | 1 | This phrase could refer to: (1) the limits of the land, which were considered to be the bottoms of the mountains (see Micah 6:2). Alternate translation: “the limits of the land” (2) where Yahweh placed the earth, which was spoken as if the earth were resting on top of foundations. Alternate translation: “where the earth would be placed” | |
955 | 8:30 | ph2f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | וָֽאֶהְיֶ֥ה אֶצְל֗וֹ אָ֫מ֥וֹן | 1 | Here, Yahweh using wisdom to create the universe is spoke of as if wisdom were a skilled worker who was beside him. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “Then he used wisdom skillfully” or “Then I was like a skilled worker beside him” | |
956 | 8:30 | ky7x | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | שַׁ֭עֲשֻׁעִים | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of delight, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “delightful” | |
957 | 8:30 | a22n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | מְשַׂחֶ֖קֶת | 1 | Here, frolicking refers to dancing or playing in a way that expresses great joy. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “acting joyfully” | |
958 | 8:30 | mhxo | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | לְפָנָ֣יו | 1 | Here, face refers to Yahweh’s presence. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “in his presence” | |
959 | 8:31 | bf8t | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | מְ֭שַׂחֶקֶת | 1 | See how you translated this word in the previous verse. | |
960 | 8:31 | pw91 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | בְּתֵבֵ֣ל אַרְצ֑וֹ | 1 | The phrase world of his earth could refer to: (1) the whole world. Alternate translation: “his entire world” (2) the inhabited part of the world. Alternate translation: “his inhabited world” | |
961 | 8:31 | tpzd | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | וְ֝שַׁעֲשֻׁעַ֗י | 1 | See how you translated “delight” in the previous verse. | |
962 | 8:31 | wnq9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations | בְּנֵ֥י אָדָֽם | 1 | See how you translated this phrase in 8:4 | |
963 | 8:32 | ly1a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases | וְעַתָּ֣ה | 1 | And now here indicates a transition from what Wisdom said in 8:4–31 to the call to pay attention that follows. See how you translated the same clause in 5:7 and 7:24. | |
964 | 8:32 | hwt3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases | וְ֝אַשְׁרֵ֗י | 1 | Here, and introduces the reason for obeying the command stated in the previous clause. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a reason. Alternate translation: “since happy” | |
965 | 8:32 | m6ib | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | דְּרָכַ֥י יִשְׁמֹֽרוּ | 1 | Here, ways refers to behavior. See how you translated the similar use of keep and “paths” in 2:20. Alternate translation: “are they who behave like me” | |
966 | 8:33 | uqpl | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | מוּסָ֥ר | 1 | See how you translated instruction in 1:2. | |
967 | 8:33 | bcx3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative | וַחֲכָ֗מוּ | 1 | This is an imperative, but it communicates the result of obeying the command stated in the previous phrase. Use a form in your language that communicates a result. Alternate translation: “and it will result in you becoming wise” | |
968 | 8:33 | ky6l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes | וְאַל־תִּפְרָֽעוּ | 1 | Wisdom is using a figure of speech here that expresses a strongly positive meaning by using a negative word, not, together with an expression that is the opposite of the intended meaning. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the positive meaning. Alternate translation: “be sure to pay attention to” or “be sure to follow” | |
969 | 8:34 | ao5a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun | אָדָם֮ | 1 | The word man represents a person in general, not one particular man. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural expression. Alternate translation: “is the person” | |
970 | 8:34 | i55j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | לִשְׁקֹ֣ד עַל־דַּ֭לְתֹתַי י֤וֹם ׀ י֑וֹם לִ֝שְׁמֹ֗ר מְזוּזֹ֥ת פְּתָחָֽי | 1 | These two clauses mean basically the same thing. The second clause emphasizes the meaning of the first by repeating the same idea with different words. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could connect the clauses with a word that shows that the second clause is repeating the first one, not saying something additional. Alternate translation: “keeping vigil over my doors day by day, yes, keeping watch over the doorposts of my entrances” | |
971 | 8:34 | vj3r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | לִשְׁקֹ֣ד עַל־דַּ֭לְתֹתַי י֤וֹם ׀ י֑וֹם לִ֝שְׁמֹ֗ר מְזוּזֹ֥ת פְּתָחָֽי | 1 | Here, Wisdom speaks of someone being eager to listen to her as if that person was vigilantly waiting at the door to her house. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “being eager to listen to me” or “being eager to listen to me as if one were keeping vigil over my doors day by day, keeping watch over the doorposts of my entrances” | |
972 | 8:34 | rlm0 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | לִשְׁקֹ֣ד עַל־דַּ֭לְתֹתַי י֤וֹם ׀ י֑וֹם לִ֝שְׁמֹ֗ר מְזוּזֹ֥ת פְּתָחָֽי | 1 | Here, doors and doorposts of my entrances implies that Wisdom has a house. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “keeping vigil over the doors of my house day by day, keeping watch over the doorposts of the entrances of my house” | |
973 | 8:35 | z6lm | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | כִּ֣י | 1 | For here indicates that what follows is a reason why someone who listens to Wisdom will be happy, as stated in the previous verse. Use a connector in your language that makes it clear that what follows is a reason for what came before. Alternate translation: “That man will be happy because” | |
974 | 8:35 | hfn9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | מֹצְאַי | 1 | Here, learning wisdom is spoken of as if wisdom were a person that someone could find. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. See how you translated a similar phrase in 3:13 and 8:17. Alternate translation: “those who attain wisdom” or “those who become wise” | |
975 | 8:35 | i5ov | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | מֹצְאֵי חַיִּ֑ים | 1 | Having a long life is spoken of as if life were an object that a person can find by searching for it. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “are those who will have long lives” | |
976 | 8:35 | du0q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations | וַיָּ֥פֶק | 1 | Although the term he is masculine, Wisdom is using the word in a generic sense that could refer to either a man or woman. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a phrase that makes this clear. Alternate translation: “and that person obtains” | |
977 | 8:35 | qybq | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | רָ֝צ֗וֹן | 1 | See how you translated favor in 3:4. | |
978 | 8:36 | gfoj | וְֽ֭חֹטְאִי | 1 | The phrase translated a sinner against me could also be translated as “one who misses me,” which has the idea of failing to “find” wisdom. If a translation of the Bible exists in your region, you may wish to use the reading that it uses. If a translation of the Bible does not exist in your region, you may wish to use the reading of the ULT. | ||
979 | 8:36 | hmls | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | וְֽ֭חֹטְאִי | 1 | Here, wisdom is spoken of as if it were a person whom people could sin against. This phrase refers to people who sin by rejecting wisdom. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “But someone who sins by rejecting me” or “But someone who sins by rejecting wisdom” | |
980 | 8:36 | w73k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | נַפְשׁ֑וֹ | 1 | Here, life refers to the person himself. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “himself” | |
981 | 8:36 | yl6t | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | חֹמֵ֣ס & מָֽוֶת | 1 | See how you translated the abstract nouns violence in 3:31 and death in 2:18. | |
982 | 8:36 | tttn | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole | אָ֣הֲבוּ מָֽוֶת | 1 | This phrase is an exaggeration that emphasizes that people who hate wisdom choose to live in a way that will cause them to die. It does not mean that people who hate wisdom actually love death. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile. Alternate translation: “show by their actions that they choose to die” or “act as if they love death” | |
983 | 9:intro | y75r | 0 | Proverbs 9 General NotesStructure and formatting
Special concepts in this chapterWisdom calls outIn this chapter and the previous chapter, wisdom is referred to as if it were a woman who prepares a meal and calls out for all to come and learn from her. In languages where it is possible for something like wisdom to be spoken of as if it were a person who speaks, the translator should translate in this way. However, if direct translation is not possible in your language, you may translate the personification as similes instead. In that case wisdom would be presented as being like a wise woman. When wisdom speaks in 9:4–12, the notes will use the proper noun “Wisdom” to indicate that the personification of wisdom is speaking. See how you translated similar references to wisdom in 1:20–33 and 8:4–36. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |||
984 | 9:1 | m12a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | חָ֭כְמוֹת בָּנְתָ֣ה בֵיתָ֑הּ חָצְבָ֖ה עַמּוּדֶ֣יהָ שִׁבְעָֽה | 1 | In 9:1–12, Wisdom is spoken of as if it were a woman. See the discussion of this in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “It is as if wisdom were a woman who has built her house and has hewn out her seven pillars” | |
985 | 9:1 | s64d | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | חָצְבָ֖ה עַמּוּדֶ֣יהָ שִׁבְעָֽה | 1 | This clause refers to part of the process of building the house that was mentioned in the previous clause. A house with seven pillars would have been very large. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “she has hewn out seven pillars to support the roof of her house” | |
986 | 9:2 | zr00 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | טָבְחָ֣ה טִ֭בְחָהּ מָסְכָ֣ה יֵינָ֑הּ אַ֝֗ף עָֽרְכָ֥ה שֻׁלְחָנָֽהּ | 1 | In this verse, wisdom is spoken of as if it were a woman. See the discussion of such personification in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “It is as if wisdom were a woman who has slaughtered her slaughter, mixed her wine, and arranged her table” | |
987 | 9:2 | hk6e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | טָבְחָ֣ה טִ֭בְחָהּ מָסְכָ֣ה יֵינָ֑הּ אַ֝֗ף עָֽרְכָ֥ה שֻׁלְחָנָֽהּ | 1 | All three of these clauses refer to parts of the process to prepare a special meal for guests. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “She has prepared a meal for guests by slaughtering her slaughter, mixing her wine, and arranging her table” | |
988 | 9:2 | x5sw | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | טָבְחָ֣ה טִ֭בְחָהּ | 1 | Here, slaughter refers to the animals that Wisdom has slaughtered so that their meat may be eaten at a meal. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “She has slaughtered the animals so that their meat may be eaten at the meal” | |
989 | 9:2 | ywr6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | מָסְכָ֣ה יֵינָ֑הּ | 1 | In ancient Israel, people often prepared wine for drinking by mixing it with water. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “she has prepared her wine by mixing it with water” | |
990 | 9:2 | h2zm | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | עָֽרְכָ֥ה שֻׁלְחָנָֽהּ | 1 | This phrase refers to putting the food and eating utensils on a table in order to prepare for a meal. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “she has prepared her table for people to eat a meal” | |
991 | 9:3 | p6e2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | שָֽׁלְחָ֣ה נַעֲרֹתֶ֣יהָ תִקְרָ֑א | 1 | In this verse, wisdom is spoken of as if it were a wealthy woman who has servants and calls out in public. See the discussion of such personification in the General Notes for this chapter. Alternate translation: “It is as if wisdom were a woman who has sent out her young women and calls out” | |
992 | 9:3 | akl3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | שָֽׁלְחָ֣ה נַעֲרֹתֶ֣יהָ | 1 | Solomon implies that the young women were sent out in order to invite people to the meal that Wisdom had prepared. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “She has sent out her young women to invite people to the meal” | |
993 | 9:3 | n6ha | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | עַל־גַּ֝פֵּ֗י מְרֹ֣מֵי | 1 | See how you translated the similar phrase “the head of the heights” in 8:2. | |
994 | 9:4 | vxav | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-infostructure | מִי־פֶ֭תִי יָסֻ֣ר הֵ֑נָּה חֲסַר־לֵ֝֗ב אָ֣מְרָה לּֽוֹ | 1 | If it would be more natural in your language, you could reverse the order of these clauses. Alternate translation: “She says to him lacking of heart, ‘Whoever is naive, let him turn aside here” | |
995 | 9:4-5 | dv2y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor | מִי־פֶ֭תִי יָסֻ֣ר הֵ֑נָּה חֲסַר־לֵ֝֗ב אָ֣מְרָה לּֽוֹ & לְ֭כוּ לַחֲמ֣וּ בְֽלַחֲמִ֑י וּ֝שְׁת֗וּ בְּיַ֣יִן מָסָֽכְתִּי | 1 | In these two verses, Wisdom speaks of people acquiring wisdom as they were turning aside from a path to enter Wisdom’s house, eat Wisdom’s bread, and drink Wisdom’s wine. Just as bread and wineare good and keep people alive, so wisdom also is good and something that enables people to live for a long time. If it would be helpful to your readers, you could explain the comparison. Alternate translation: “She says to him lacking of heart, ‘Whoever is naive, benefit your lives by acquiring wisdom. Doing so is like turning aside here, coming to me, eating my bread, and drinking the wine I have mixed” | |
996 | 9:4 | s4da | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | יָסֻ֣ר הֵ֑נָּה | 1 | Here, Wisdom implies that the naive person should turn aside and come to her house. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “let him leave his path and come to my house” | |
997 | 9:4 | bjtb | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations | יָסֻ֣ר & לּֽוֹ | 1 | Although him is masculine, here it refers to any naive person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “let that person turn aside … to that person” | |
998 | 9:4 | ea5r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | חֲסַר־לֵ֝֗ב | 1 | See how you translated the same use of this phrase in 7:7. | |
999 | 9:5 | h6ck | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | בְֽלַחֲמִ֑י | 1 | Here, bread is used to refer to food in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use an equivalent expression from your culture or express the meaning plainly, as in the UST. | |
1000 | 9:5 | n3eu | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you | לְ֭כוּ לַחֲמ֣וּ & וּ֝שְׁת֗וּ | 1 | All three of these commands are plural because Wisdom is addressing all the “naive” people at the same time. | |
1001 | 9:5 | stm9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | בְּיַ֣יִן מָסָֽכְתִּי | 1 | See how you translated the similar phrase in 9:2. | |
1002 | 9:6 | b9ma | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-you | עִזְב֣וּ & וִֽחְי֑וּ וְ֝אִשְׁר֗וּ | 1 | All three of these commands are plural because Wisdom is addressing all the naive people at the same time. | |
1003 | 9:6 | ejw3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | עִזְב֣וּ פְתָאיִ֣ם | 1 | Here, Wisdom tells people to stop doing naive things as if those things were people whom a person could Forsake. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “Stop your naive behavior” or “Stop doing naive things” | |
1004 | 9:6 | f53k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal | וִֽחְי֑וּ | 1 | Here, and indicates that what follows is the purpose for doing what Wisdom commands people to do earlier in this verse. Use a connector in your language that indicates a purpose. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of living” | |
1005 | 9:6 | d5j8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | וִֽחְי֑וּ | 1 | Here, live refers to living a long life. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “and live a long life” | |
1006 | 9:6 | lpn8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וְ֝אִשְׁר֗וּ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ בִּינָֽה | 1 | Here, Wisdom speaks of a people behaving in a manner that will enable them to acquire understanding as if they were striding on a path. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and behave in a manner that will enable you to acquire understanding” | |
1007 | 9:6 | ycu8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | בִּינָֽה | 1 | See how you translated the abstract noun understanding in 1:2. | |
1008 | 9:7 | xm8y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun | יֹ֤סֵ֨ר ׀ לֵ֗ץ לֹקֵ֣חַֽ ל֣וֹ קָל֑וֹן וּמוֹכִ֖יחַ לְרָשָׁ֣ע מוּמֽוֹ | 1 | Here, The instructor, a mocker, himself, the rebuker, a wicked one, and his do not refer to specific people, but refer to types of people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “Any instructor of any mocker receives disgrace for that person, and any rebuker of any wicked one, that person’s injury” | |
1009 | 9:7 | k7j1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | יֹ֤סֵ֨ר ׀ לֵ֗ץ | 1 | Since a mocker does not accept instruction, this phrase implies that someone attempted to be an instructor of a mocker. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “The one who attempts to instruct a mocker” | |
1010 | 9:7 | x5sc | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | לֹקֵ֣חַֽ ל֣וֹ קָל֑וֹן | 1 | Here, Wisdom speaks of disgrace as if it were an object that a person receives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “will himself be disgraced” | |
1011 | 9:7 | oad5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | קָל֑וֹן | 1 | See how you translated the abstract noun disgrace in 6:33. | |
1012 | 9:7 | vif7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | וּמוֹכִ֖יחַ לְרָשָׁ֣ע מוּמֽוֹ | 1 | Wisdom is leaving out some of the words that in many languages a clause would need in order to be complete. You could supply these words from the previous clause if it would be clearer in your language. Alternate translation: “and the rebuker of a wicked one receives his injury” | |
1013 | 9:7 | k4b9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | מוּמֽוֹ | 1 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea of injury, you could express the same idea in another way. Alternate translation: “his being injured” | |
1014 | 9:8 | fpc4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | אַל־תּ֣וֹכַח | 1 | This clause states what Wisdom wants people to do as a result of what Wisdom said in the previous verse. Use the most natural way to express an intended result in your language. Alternate translation: “Therefore, do not rebuke” | |
1015 | 9:8 | mjq3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun | לֵ֭ץ פֶּן־יִשְׂנָאֶ֑ךָּ & לְ֝חָכָ֗ם וְיֶאֱהָבֶֽךָּ | 1 | Here, a mocker, he, and a wise one do not refer to specific people, but refer to types of people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “any mocker, lest that person hate you … any wise one and that person will love you” | |
1016 | 9:8 | g1qu | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast | הוֹכַ֥ח לְ֝חָכָ֗ם | 1 | This clause says something that is in contrast to what was said in the previous clause. Use a natural way in your language to express a strong contrast. Alternate translation: “By contrast, rebuke a wise one” | |
1017 | 9:8 | rpxq | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | וְיֶאֱהָבֶֽךָּ | 1 | Here, and introduces the result of obeying the command stated in the previous phrase. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate result. Alternate translation: “and it will result in him loving you” | |
1018 | 9:9 | y95j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | תֵּ֣ן | 1 | Wisdom is leaving out a word that a clause would need in many languages to be complete. If it would be helpful in your language, you could supply this word from the context. Alternate translation: “Give instruction” or “Give what is wise” | |
1019 | 9:9 | c8r2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun | לְ֭חָכָם וְיֶחְכַּם־ע֑וֹד & לְ֝צַדִּ֗יק וְי֣וֹסֶף | 1 | Here, a wise one, he, and a righteous one do not refer to specific people, but refer to these types of people in general. If it would be helpful in your language, you could use a more natural phrase. Alternate translation: “to any wise one and that person will become more wise … any righteous one and that person will increase” | |
1020 | 9:10 | zryv | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | תְּחִלַּ֣ת | 1 | See how you translated the same use of beginning in 1:7. | |
1021 | 9:10 | oxjy | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | חָ֭כְמָה & וְדַ֖עַת & בִּינָֽה | 1 | See how you translated the abstract nouns wisdom and understanding in 1:2 and knowledge in 1:4. | |
1022 | 9:10 | l6yl | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | יִרְאַ֣ת יְהוָ֑ה | 1 | See how you translated this phrase in 1:7. | |
1023 | 9:11 | xbl2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-words-phrases | כִּי | 1 | For here indicates that Wisdom is emphasizing what follows in this verse. Use a connector in your language that makes that emphasis clear. Alternate translation: “Truly” | |
1024 | 9:11 | uv8i | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | יִרְבּ֣וּ יָמֶ֑יךָ | 1 | Here, Wisdom speaks of people living for a long time as if the days that they are alive were something that could increase in number. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you will live many more days” | |
1025 | 9:11 | jt1z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | וְיוֹסִ֥יפוּ לְּ֝ךָ֗ שְׁנ֣וֹת חַיִּֽים | 1 | Here, Wisdom speaks of people living for a long time as if the years that they are alive were something that could be added to their lives. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and you will live many more years” | |
1026 | 9:11 | wpx5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | שְׁנ֣וֹת חַיִּֽים | 1 | See how you translated this idiom in 3:2. | |
1027 | 9:11 | u5qf | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | וְיוֹסִ֥יפוּ לְּ֝ךָ֗ | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “and … I will add to you” | |
1028 | 9:12 | z3ez | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | לָּ֑ךְ | 1 | Here, for implies that being wise is for the benefit of the wise person. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “for the benefit of yourself” | |
1029 | 9:12 | sr5q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast | וְ֝לַ֗צְתָּ | 1 | Here, and indicates that what follows is a strong contrast to what was stated in the previous clause. In your translation, indicate this strong contrast in a way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “however, if you mock” | |
1030 | 9:12 | zei6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | לְֽבַדְּךָ֥ תִשָּֽׂא | 1 | Here, Wisdom speaks of someone experiencing the consequences of one’s bad behavior as if it were a heavy object that one had to carry on one’s back. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “you alone will experience the consequences” | |
1031 | 9:13 | ix9a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | אֵ֣שֶׁת כְּ֭סִילוּת הֹֽמִיָּ֑ה פְּ֝תַיּ֗וּת וּבַל־יָ֥דְעָה מָּֽה | 1 | The phrase woman of insolence could refer to: (1) a woman who is characterized by stupidity, in which case this phrase would refer to stupid women in general. Alternate translation: “A stupid woman is loud, naive, and she does not know anything” or “Stupid women are loud, naive, and do not know anything” (2) stupidity as if it were a woman, which is how wisdom was spoken of in the previous part of this chapter. Alternate translation: “Lady Stupidity is loud, naive, and she does not know anything” | |
1032 | 9:13 | lbv9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole | וּבַל־יָ֥דְעָה מָּֽה | 1 | This phrase is an exaggeration that Solomon uses to emphasize how ignorant this woman is. It does not mean that she does not know anything at all. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “and she does not know much” or “and she knows very little” | |
1033 | 9:14 | tk38 | וְֽ֭יָשְׁבָה לְפֶ֣תַח בֵּיתָ֑הּ עַל־כִּ֝סֵּ֗א מְרֹ֣מֵי קָֽרֶת | 1 | If you translated the phrase “woman of stupidity” as a plural form in the previous verse, then you should use plural forms in this verse. Alternate translation: “And they sit at the opening of their houses, on seats by the heights of the city” | ||
1034 | 9:14 | h74g | לְפֶ֣תַח בֵּיתָ֑הּ | 1 | See how you translated this phrase in 5:8. | ||
1035 | 9:14 | mz9x | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | עַל־כִּ֝סֵּ֗א | 1 | This clause could refer to: (1) the specific location of the opening of her house. Alternate translation: “which is on a seat” (2) a second location where she sits. Alternate translation: “or on a seat” | |
1036 | 9:14 | sqcz | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | מְרֹ֣מֵי קָֽרֶת | 1 | See how you translated this phrase in 9:3. | |
1037 | 9:15 | zygf | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-goal | לִקְרֹ֥א | 1 | Here, to indicates that what follows is the purpose for the “woman of stupidity” sitting in a public place, as stated in the previous verse. Use a natural way in your language to express a purpose. Alternate translation: “for the purpose of calling” | |
1038 | 9:15 | tcdj | לְעֹֽבְרֵי־דָ֑רֶךְ | 1 | Alternate translation: “to those walking by on the road” | ||
1039 | 9:15 | cqd1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | הַֽ֝מְיַשְּׁרִ֗ים אֹֽרְחוֹתָֽם | 1 | This clause is an idiom that describes people who are only thinking of their own affairs. If this clause does not have that meaning in your language, you could use an idiom from your language that does have this meaning or state the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “the ones minding their own business” or “the ones only thinking about their own affairs” | |
1040 | 9:16 | ck1n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | מִי־פֶ֭תִי יָסֻ֣ר הֵ֑נָּה וַחֲסַר־לֵ֝֗ב וְאָ֣מְרָה לּֽוֹ | 1 | See how you translated the nearly identical clauses in 9:4. | |
1041 | 9:17 | gr7d | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-result | מַֽיִם־גְּנוּבִ֥ים יִמְתָּ֑קוּ | 1 | The stupid woman implies that what she says in this verse is the reason why the “naive” should “turn aside” to her. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “Turn aside here because stolen waters are sweet” | |
1042 | 9:17 | jsi6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | מַֽיִם־גְּנוּבִ֥ים יִמְתָּ֑קוּ וְלֶ֖חֶם סְתָרִ֣ים יִנְעָֽם | 1 | In this verse, the foolish woman refers to the pleasure of having sex with someone to whom one is not married as if it were as sweet as stolen waters or as pleasant as bread of secrecies. Water and food are also used as euphemisms for sexual activity in 5:15–19 and 30:20. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly or use a simile: “Having sex with me is truly enjoyable” or “Having sex with me is as enjoyable as drinking stolen waters or eating bread of secrecies” | |
1043 | 9:17 | v8z3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | וְלֶ֖חֶם סְתָרִ֣ים | 1 | The phrase bread of secrecies could refer to: (1) bread that is eating secretly by oneself. Alternate translation: “and bread that is eaten in secrecy” (2) bread that one obtains through secret deeds, which implies stealing the bread. Alternate translation: “and bread obtained secretly” | |
1044 | 9:18 | zo93 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/grammar-connect-logic-contrast | וְֽלֹא־יָ֭דַע | 1 | And here indicates that was follows is in contrast with what the foolish woman stated in the previous verses. Use the most natural way in your language to indicate a contrast. Alternate translation: “However, he does not know” | |
1045 | 9:18 | kjuw | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun | וְֽלֹא־יָ֭דַע | 1 | Here, he refers to any naive man to whom the stupid woman calls. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “And any naive man does not know” | |
1046 | 9:18 | kg4h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | רְפָאִ֣ים שָׁ֑ם | 1 | Here, Solomon speaks of those men who died because they went to the stupid woman’s house as if their dead spirits were there. If it would be helpful in your language, you could express the meaning plainly. Alternate translation: “that the men who have gone to her house are now dead” | |
1047 | 9:18 | m5oj | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | קְרֻאֶֽיהָ | 1 | If your language does not use this passive form, you could express the idea in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the ones whom she called” | |
1048 | 9:18 | k1fh | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | קְרֻאֶֽיהָ | 1 | This phrase refers to the men who went to the stupid woman’s house to commit adultery with her in response to her calling them. If it would be helpful in your language, you could state this explicitly. Alternate translation: “the men whom she called and they accepted her call” or “the men who went to her house after she called them” | |
1049 | 10:intro | fhy5 | 0 | Proverbs 10 General NotesStructure and formattingChapter 10 starts a new section of the book, which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. Special concepts in this chapterThemesThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, and wicked/righteous. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) | |||
1050 | 10:1 | i2yb | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | 0 | General Information:Many verses in Chapter 10 are contrasting parallelisms | ||
1051 | 10:1 | tab7 | The proverbs of Solomon | 0 | After the introduction of Chapters 1–9, Chapter 10 begins the collection of the proverbs; short sayings that teach wisdom. | ||
1052 | 10:2 | ffz8 | accumulated | 0 | acquired over time | ||
1053 | 10:3 | df3m | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | Yahweh does not let the soul of the righteous person go hungry | 0 | Here “soul” refers to the person. This can be stated in positive form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh makes sure those who do what is right have food to eat” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
1054 | 10:4 | e3ef | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | A lazy hand | 0 | “Hand” represents the strength and ability of a person. Alternate translation: “A person unwilling to work” | |
1055 | 10:4 | yly7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | hand of the diligent | 0 | “Hand” represents the strength and ability of a person. Alternate translation: “person who works hard” | |
1056 | 10:6 | k7j2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | are upon the head | 0 | The “head” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “are given to” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1057 | 10:6 | y4mb | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | mouth of the wicked | 0 | The “mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “words the wicked speak” | |
1058 | 10:6 | k4dp | covers up | 0 | hides the truth | ||
1059 | 10:7 | e1w8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | name | 0 | The word “name” represents a person’s reputation. Alternate translation: “memory” | |
1060 | 10:8 | e725 | come to ruin | 0 | Alternate translation: “be destroyed” or “be made useless” | ||
1061 | 10:9 | ps6l | crooked | 0 | not straight; deformed; dishonest; deceitful | ||
1062 | 10:10 | mi1k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction | He who winks the eye | 0 | “Winking the eye” represents a secretive sign for being cruel to someone else. Alternate translation: “He who makes a signal with a gesture” | |
1063 | 10:10 | p957 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | will be thrown down | 0 | A person who is ruined is spoken of as if he were thrown down. Alternate translation: “others will ruin him” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1064 | 10:11 | f47s | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | The mouth of the righteous | 0 | Here “mouth” represents what a persons says. Alternate translation: “The speech of a righteous person” | |
1065 | 10:11 | tv58 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun | the righteous | 0 | This refers to righteous people in general. Alternate translation: “righteous people” | |
1066 | 10:11 | h2ny | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | is a water spring of life | 0 | This person’s speech is spoken of as if it preserved living animals or people, as a water spring would do in a dry land. | |
1067 | 10:11 | bz8g | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | the mouth of the wicked covers up violence | 0 | That is, the wicked person appears to say harmless things, but plans to violent things against other people. | |
1068 | 10:11 | elp1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | the mouth of the wicked | 0 | Here “mouth” represents what a persons says. Alternate translation: “the speech of a wicked person” | |
1069 | 10:11 | jt58 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun | the wicked | 0 | This refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “wicked people” | |
1070 | 10:12 | ph1a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | love covers over | 0 | Love acts like a person who quiets trouble between people instead of stirring it up. | |
1071 | 10:13 | n8pk | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | on the lips of a discerning person | 0 | “Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “in what a sensible person says” | |
1072 | 10:13 | ww93 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | a rod is for the back | 0 | “Rod” represents strong, physical punishment and “the back” represents the person who receives the punishment. Alternate translation: “a person who has no sense needs forceful punishment” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1073 | 10:14 | ej72 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | the mouth of a fool | 0 | “Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the words from a foolish person” | |
1074 | 10:15 | fd3s | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | his fortified city | 0 | This represents wealth as a safe place. Alternate translation: “his safety” | |
1075 | 10:16 | im19 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | The wage … the profit | 0 | These terms normally refer to the money a worker earns. Here they represents the results of either doing what is right or doing what is wrong. | |
1076 | 10:17 | k6n3 | There is a path to life for the one who follows discipline | 0 | Alternate translation: “The person who obeys wise instruction will have a long and happy life” | ||
1077 | 10:17 | st2j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | but the one who rejects correction is led astray | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but the one who does not obey wise instruction will not have a good life” | |
1078 | 10:18 | d6bj | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | has lying lips | 0 | “Lips” represent what a person says. Alternate translation: “tells lies” | |
1079 | 10:19 | zc3a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes | transgression is not lacking | 0 | This phrase uses a negative to emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “there is much sin” | |
1080 | 10:20 | h1pz | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | The tongue of the righteous person | 0 | “Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “Whatever a righteous person says” | |
1081 | 10:20 | pvj4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | is pure silver | 0 | “Silver” represents valuable sayings. Alternate translation: “is extremely valuable” | |
1082 | 10:21 | h4rr | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | The lips of the righteous | 0 | “Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “The sayings of a righteous man” | |
1083 | 10:21 | kp6k | nourish | 0 | cause them to develop or grow stronger | ||
1084 | 10:23 | l951 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | Wickedness is a game a fool plays | 0 | A game is an activity people do for pleasure. Alternate translation: “Fools find pleasure in wickedness” | |
1085 | 10:24 | xai5 | overtake | 0 | overcome someone | ||
1086 | 10:25 | ci43 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | The wicked are like the storm | 0 | Just as storm comes and sweeps everything away so wicked people will disappear. | |
1087 | 10:25 | v58h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | is a foundation that lasts forever | 0 | “Foundation” represents the base or a beginning of something that people build over. Alternate translation: “is a start for something that lasts forever” | |
1088 | 10:26 | fk5l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | Like vinegar on the teeth and smoke in the eyes, so is the sluggard to those who send him | 0 | “Vinegar” and “smoke” represent things that hurt a person’s teeth and eyes. Alternate translation: “Sending a lazy person to accomplish a task is irritating and unpleasant” | |
1089 | 10:26 | i1xh | vinegar | 0 | a sour liquid used to flavor or preserve foods | ||
1090 | 10:27 | rv8w | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | the years of the wicked | 0 | “Years” represent the time a person lives. Alternate translation: “the lifetime of the evil person” | |
1091 | 10:28 | pds2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | the years of wicked people | 0 | Here “years” represent the time a person lives. Alternate translation: “the lifetime of the evil person” | |
1092 | 10:30 | ub25 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes | will never be overthrown | 0 | This can be stated as active and positive: Alternate translation: “will be secure” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1093 | 10:31 | f7hy | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | Out of the mouth of the righteous person | 0 | “Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “From the righteous man’s words” | |
1094 | 10:31 | amx2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | the perverse tongue will be cut out | 0 | “Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “God will shut the mouths of people who say what is false” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1095 | 10:32 | y79y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | lips of the righteous person know what is acceptable | 0 | “Lips” represent what a person says. Alternate translation: “righteous person knows how to speak acceptably” | |
1096 | 10:32 | ay8q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | mouth of the wicked | 0 | “Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the words of the wicked” | |
1097 | 11:intro | uk6v | 0 | Proverbs 11 General NotesStructure and formattingChapter 11 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with individual proverbs. Special concepts in this chapterThemesThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) | |||
1098 | 11:1 | hzq7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | 0 | General Information:Many verses in Chapter 11 are contrasting parallelisms | ||
1099 | 11:1 | g3jt | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | Yahweh hates scales that are not accurate | 0 | “Scales” represent measuring accurately in negotiating. Alternate translation: “God hates deceiving scales” or “God hates it when people are deceitful” | |
1100 | 11:1 | pe2q | but he delights in a precise weight | 0 | Here, precise weight represents accuracy in negotiating. Alternate translation: “but he delights in honest ways” or “but he is happy when people are honest” | ||
1101 | 11:3 | rj24 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | the treacherous | 0 | This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “treacherous people” or “those who are treacherous” | |
1102 | 11:4 | r538 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | Wealth is worthless on the day of wrath | 0 | The “day of wrath” represents a specific event, such as the “day of Yahweh” or “judgment day” or “last days.” Alternate translation: “A person’s wealth will do him no good when God comes to judge” | |
1103 | 11:5 | lc4r | makes his way straight | 0 | Alternate translation: “has clear direction” | ||
1104 | 11:5 | vhe9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | the wicked | 0 | This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked” | |
1105 | 11:6 | v49j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | the treacherous | 0 | This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “those who are treacherous” | |
1106 | 11:6 | b5vy | the treacherous are trapped by their cravings | 0 | Alternate translation: “those who do evil are captured by their passions” | ||
1107 | 11:6 | rhq7 | treacherous | 0 | ready to betray trust; traitorous; deceptive | ||
1108 | 11:7 | dz8x | the hope that was in his strength | 0 | Alternate translation: “the confidence he has in his own power” | ||
1109 | 11:7 | zn33 | comes to nothing | 0 | Alternate translation: “disappears” | ||
1110 | 11:8 | z4am | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | The righteous person is kept away from trouble | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God keeps away from trouble the person who does what is right” | |
1111 | 11:8 | u873 | it comes | 0 | Alternate translation: “trouble comes” | ||
1112 | 11:9 | r7vl | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | With his mouth the godless | 0 | “Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “The words of the godless” | |
1113 | 11:11 | sim1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | the city becomes great | 0 | “City” represents the community or people group. Alternate translation: “the people group prospers” or “the community becomes prosperous” | |
1114 | 11:11 | p4sd | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | by the mouth of the wicked | 0 | “Mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the words of evil people” | |
1115 | 11:13 | en2e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | keeps a matter covered | 0 | “Covered” represents keeping things concealed as much as possible. Alternate translation: “does not tell” or “does not speak about the matter” | |
1116 | 11:14 | a9wq | advisors | 0 | those who give recommendations as a guide to action; counselors | ||
1117 | 11:15 | j2ce | one who hates giving | 0 | Alternate translation: “one who refuses to give” | ||
1118 | 11:16 | bvh9 | ruthless people | 0 | people without pity or compassion; cruel people | ||
1119 | 11:16 | h7rd | grasp for wealth | 0 | Alternate translation: “are greedy for wealth” | ||
1120 | 11:17 | dxp9 | one who | 0 | Alternate translation: “a person who” | ||
1121 | 11:18 | imr8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | sows what is right | 0 | To “sow” represents spreading out to gain more. Alternate translation: “spreads out what is right” | |
1122 | 11:18 | ln8a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | reaps the wages of truth | 0 | To “reap” represents acquiring or gathering in” Alternate translation: “will surely be rewarded” | |
1123 | 11:19 | ibb6 | the one who | 0 | Alternate translation: “the person who” | ||
1124 | 11:19 | un2d | pursues evil | 0 | Alternate translation: “chases after evil” or “seeks to do evil” | ||
1125 | 11:20 | r5lt | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | whose hearts are perverse | 0 | “Heart” represents the feelings, attitudes and motivations of a person. Alternate translation: “who have wicked thoughts” | |
1126 | 11:21 | gh2a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes | will not go unpunished | 0 | This phrase uses a negative to emphasize a positive idea. Alternate translation: “will certainly be punished” | |
1127 | 11:22 | y2me | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | Like a gold ring … without discretion | 0 | A beautiful woman without discretion is compared to a useless and unsuitable golden ring in a pig’s nose. | |
1128 | 11:22 | fe2p | without discretion | 0 | Alternate translation: “without common sense” or “who is foolish” | ||
1129 | 11:24 | x29n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | There is one who scatters—he will accumulate even more | 0 | This is a metaphor for a person who becomes more wealthy by being generous. Alternate translation: “Some people give freely to others and yet become more wealthy” | |
1130 | 11:24 | v6x4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | one who scatters | 0 | You may need to make explicit that the person scatters seeds for crops to grow. Alternate translation: “one who scatters much seed” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1131 | 11:24 | gmp8 | will accumulate even more | 0 | Alternate translation: “will gain even more” | ||
1132 | 11:24 | p1q7 | withholds what he should give | 0 | This refers to a person who thinks that he can become rich by refusing to be generous. | ||
1133 | 11:25 | q9vb | will prosper | 0 | Alternate translation: “will gain more” | ||
1134 | 11:25 | lf1i | the one who | 0 | Alternate translation: “the generous person who” or “anyone who” | ||
1135 | 11:26 | eb69 | the man who refuses to sell | 0 | This describes the person who hoards his wealth instead of helping those in need. | ||
1136 | 11:26 | h1qp | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | good gifts crown the head of him who sells it | 0 | “Crown” represents the reward or award for the person who is willing to sell grain. Alternate translation: “good gifts are given as a crown of honor to him who sells it” or “the person who sells it is honored with many blessings” | |
1137 | 11:27 | k6ug | The one who diligently seeks | 0 | the one who seeks with careful and continued effort | ||
1138 | 11:28 | q218 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | will fall | 0 | This is an idiom. Here “fall” represents destruction or failure. Alternate translation: “will be destroyed” or “awaits a bad future” | |
1139 | 11:28 | p1e2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | like the leaf, righteous people will flourish | 0 | “Leaf” represents growth and prosperity. Alternate translation: “righteous people will prosper in the same way a healthy green leaf grows” | |
1140 | 11:28 | mf6v | righteous people will flourish | 0 | This means that righteous people will thrive or prosper. | ||
1141 | 11:29 | p1pb | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | inherit the wind | 0 | The “wind” is a metaphor for something that cannot be grasped or has no value. Alternate translation: “inherit nothing” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1142 | 11:30 | q7ul | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | The righteous person will be like a tree of life | 0 | A person who does what is right is compared to a tree that produces life as its fruit. Alternate translation: “Those who do right will bring life to themselves and others” | |
1143 | 11:30 | hlz7 | tree of life | 0 | See how you translated this in Proverbs 3:18. | ||
1144 | 11:31 | s8p9 | how much more | 0 | Alternate translation: “even more so” | ||
1145 | 12:intro | x2lg | 0 | Proverbs 12 General NotesStructure and formattingChapter 12 continues the section of the book (Chapter 10–22) which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. Special concepts in this chapterThemesThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility and integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) | |||
1146 | 12:1 | ktr2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | 0 | General Information:The author uses parallelism throughout this chapter. Verses 1–15 contrast wisdom and foolishness. | ||
1147 | 12:1 | r7h6 | Whoever | 0 | Alternate translation: “Any person who” | ||
1148 | 12:1 | tz7m | the one who hates correction | 0 | Alternate translation: “the person who does not want to be told what to do” | ||
1149 | 12:1 | nj5f | is stupid | 0 | Alternate translation: “is foolish” or “is unwise” | ||
1150 | 12:3 | nly2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | A person cannot be established by wickedness | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “No one can become safe and secure by doing what is wicked” | |
1151 | 12:3 | md5p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | cannot be uprooted | 0 | “Uprooted” represents being pulled out of the ground like a plant or a tree. This cannot happen to those who do right. Alternate translation: “are as stable as a tree with deep roots” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1152 | 12:4 | wh4l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | A worthy wife is her husband’s crown | 0 | A crown represents the greatest honor a person can receive. Alternate translation: “A good wife is a sign of great honor for her husband” | |
1153 | 12:4 | ced6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | she who brings shame is like a disease that rots his bones | 0 | A disease that rots the bones represents the spoiling of a person’s life. Alternate translation: “a wife’s shameful acts destroy her husband’s influence and happiness” | |
1154 | 12:6 | sw3s | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | The words of wicked people are an ambush waiting for a chance to kill | 0 | The deceitful things that wicked people say in order to harm other people are spoken of as if their words are waiting to kill someone by surprise. Alternate translation: “The deceitful things wicked people say are like a person who waits to kill someone by surprise” | |
1155 | 12:6 | n6s7 | the words of the upright keep them safe | 0 | Alternate translation: “the advice from an upright person keeps people safe” | ||
1156 | 12:6 | au1h | the upright | 0 | Alternate translation: “the righteous person” or “the honest person” or “the just person” | ||
1157 | 12:7 | qw8f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | Wicked people are overthrown | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will overthrow the wicked people” or “People will remove the wicked people from power” | |
1158 | 12:7 | t5c3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | house | 0 | The term “house” is often used figuratively in the Bible to refer to a person’s ancestors, descendants or other relatives. Alternate translation: “family” or “descendants” | |
1159 | 12:8 | hfu6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | A person is praised by how much wisdom he has | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will praise those who have wisdom” | |
1160 | 12:8 | hq69 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | the one who makes perverse choices is despised | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “people will hate the one who always thinks evil thoughts” or “people will hate the one who takes good things and twists them into bad” | |
1161 | 12:10 | uxx4 | is cruel | 0 | Alternate translation: “causes suffering” | ||
1162 | 12:11 | wl9h | worthless projects | 0 | Alternate translation: “worthless plans” or “worthless tasks” | ||
1163 | 12:12 | b6y1 | the fruit | 0 | This refers to a person’s actions and thoughts. Just as fruit on a tree shows what kind of tree it is, in the same way a person’s words and actions reveal what his character is like. | ||
1164 | 12:13 | ak1y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | An evil person is trapped by his wicked talk | 0 | “Trapped” represents being caught in a snare or being tricked. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “The wicked things an evil person says will trap him” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1165 | 12:14 | z5v9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | just as the work of his hands rewards him | 0 | The phrase, “the work of his hands” represents work done by physical labor. Alternate translation: “just as the good work he does rewards him” | |
1166 | 12:15 | lr2l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | in his own eyes | 0 | This phrase represents the idea he has from his own observation, imagination or memory. Alternate translation: “in his own opinion” | |
1167 | 12:15 | wlp9 | advice | 0 | wise suggestions | ||
1168 | 12:16 | n8pr | is prudent | 0 | Alternate translation: “is wise” or “has good sense.” | ||
1169 | 12:18 | k26n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | The words of one who speaks rashly are like the thrusts of a sword | 0 | The phrase, “thrusts of a sword” represents cruel words that hurt another. Alternate translation: “What a person says without thinking can hurt as much as if he stabbed with a sword” | |
1170 | 12:18 | avt2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | the tongue of the wise | 0 | “Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “what wise people say” | |
1171 | 12:18 | mpg6 | brings healing | 0 | Alternate translation: “comforts and heals” | ||
1172 | 12:19 | wm6n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | Truthful lips last forever | 0 | “Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “A truthful person endures forever” | |
1173 | 12:19 | r5ql | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | a lying tongue is only for a moment | 0 | “Tongue” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “the one who lies lasts only for a moment” | |
1174 | 12:20 | xs9w | advisors | 0 | those who give recommendations as a guide to action; counselors | ||
1175 | 12:21 | d4zt | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes | No ill comes | 0 | The negative, “No” cancels out the idea of “ill” (bad things that happen). Alternate translation: “Good things come” | |
1176 | 12:22 | x3ha | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | Yahweh hates lying lips | 0 | “Lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “Yahweh detests those who tell lies” | |
1177 | 12:23 | qi9m | conceals his knowledge | 0 | Alternate translation: “does not tell everything he knows” | ||
1178 | 12:24 | j53h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | The hand of the diligent | 0 | “Hand” represents what a person does -- his works. Alternate translation: “Diligent people” | |
1179 | 12:24 | ymw6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | will be put to forced labor | 0 | “Forced labor” describes what a person must do who is not free to do what he wants. Alternate translation: “will become a slave” | |
1180 | 12:25 | qts2 | Anxiety | 0 | uneasy feeling of fear or dread, worry | ||
1181 | 12:25 | n82f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | weighs him down | 0 | “Weighing down” represents the idea of putting a very heavy load on a person so he cannot move freely. This phrase means to make a person sad or depressed. Alternate translation: “causes him to become sad or depressed” | |
1182 | 12:25 | z6n9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | but a good word makes him glad | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word word, you could express the same idea with the verb “speak.” Alternate translation: “but when others speak kindly to him, he is cheerful again” | |
1183 | 12:27 | gdt7 | would not roast their own game | 0 | “Game” means animals caught and killed while hunting. And “roast” is a way of cooking food. | ||
1184 | 12:27 | vz9v | precious wealth | 0 | Alternate translation: “valuable treasure” | ||
1185 | 13:intro | nh7k | 0 | Proverbs 13 General NotesStructure and formattingChapter 13 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. Special concepts in this chapterThemesThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) | |||
1186 | 13:1 | ugs5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | A wise son hears | 0 | Here “hears” represents listening in order to do it. Alternate translation: “A wise son obeys” | |
1187 | 13:1 | sy9c | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | will not listen to rebuke | 0 | Here “listen” represents paying attention in order to do it. Alternate translation: “will not learn from rebuke” or “will not obey, despite rebuke” | |
1188 | 13:2 | zu98 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | From the fruit of his mouth | 0 | Here “fruit” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “From the words of his mouth” or “From what he says” | |
1189 | 13:2 | w883 | the appetite | 0 | the desire or liking for something | ||
1190 | 13:2 | mgn1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | the treacherous | 0 | This nominal adjective can be translated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “the treacherous person” | |
1191 | 13:3 | xb3d | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | his mouth | 0 | Here “mouth” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “what he says” | |
1192 | 13:3 | bd6a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | opens wide his lips | 0 | Opening the lips represents speaking, and opening them wide represents speaking too often or too much. Alternate translation: “speaks a lot” or “talks too much” | |
1193 | 13:4 | c7yc | The appetite … the appetite | 0 | See how you translated this in Proverbs 13:2. | ||
1194 | 13:4 | z2sk | craves but gets nothing | 0 | Alternate translation: “strongly desires but gets nothing” | ||
1195 | 13:4 | rj8j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | the appetite of diligent people will be richly satisfied | 0 | Here “appetite” represents desire. Alternate translation: “diligent people will have a richly satisfied life” or “being diligent will make people richly satisfied” | |
1196 | 13:4 | z1wm | diligent people | 0 | people who work with careful and continued effort | ||
1197 | 13:5 | i9t2 | repugnant | 0 | causing a strong feeling of disgust | ||
1198 | 13:6 | gt48 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | Righteousness protects those | 0 | “Righteousness” represents a way of life approved by Yahweh. This quality acts like a person who protects. Alternate translation: “A way of life approved by Yahweh protects” | |
1199 | 13:6 | iac2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | who are faultless in their path | 0 | Here “path” represents how a person directs his life. Alternate translation: “who are faultless in their way of living” or “who live lives of integrity” | |
1200 | 13:6 | r21h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | wickedness turns away those who commit sin | 0 | Here “wickedness” represents an evil conduct of life. This quality acts like a person who turns away those who commit sin. Alternate translation: “wickedness turns sinners away from a successful path” or “wickedness ruins sinners’ lives” | |
1201 | 13:7 | z16h | who enriches himself | 0 | Alternate translation: “who makes himself rich” | ||
1202 | 13:8 | mre8 | does not hear a threat | 0 | This could mean: (1) no one will threaten to steal from him because he has nothing anyone would want to steal or (2) he will not listen when people correct him because he has nothing to lose if they punish him. Alternate translation: “does not listen to rebuke” | ||
1203 | 13:9 | ev8k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | The light of righteous people rejoices | 0 | Here the light represents the righteous person’s life or good behavior, and rejoicing represents causing people to rejoice. Alternate translation: “The life of a righteous person is like a light that causes people to rejoice” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1204 | 13:9 | ibt9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | the lamp of wicked people will be put out | 0 | Here the lamp represents the life or behavior of wicked people, and “be put out” is an idiom that means that a fire is stopped. The lamp being put out represents either the person dying or the person’s life not giving any joy. Alternate translation: “the lives of wicked people are like a lamp whose fire will be stopped” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1205 | 13:10 | c8hy | Pride only breeds conflict | 0 | Alternate translation: “Pride always causes conflict” | ||
1206 | 13:10 | n32q | listen to | 0 | Alternate translation: “heed” or “follow” | ||
1207 | 13:10 | ujq3 | good advice | 0 | suggestions that are helpful and profitable | ||
1208 | 13:11 | u1q4 | Wealth dwindles away | 0 | Alternate translation: “Wealth decreases” or “Wealth slowly disappears” | ||
1209 | 13:11 | i2l4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | working with his hand | 0 | The phrase “working with his hand” refers to physical work instead of only mental or other types of work. Many people give physical work a low value. Alternate translation: “working with physical strength” | |
1210 | 13:11 | j3nn | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | make his money grow | 0 | Money is compared to a tree that grows. Alternate translation: “make his money increase” | |
1211 | 13:12 | v8h6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | When hope is postponed | 0 | Here “hope” represents the thing a person hopes for. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “When a person hopes for something but does not receive it for a very long time” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1212 | 13:12 | gfi6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | it breaks the heart | 0 | Breaking a person’s heart represents overwhelming that person with sadness. Alternate translation: “it causes intense sadness” | |
1213 | 13:12 | k7pf | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | a longing fulfilled is a tree of life | 0 | Someone receiving what they hoped for and becoming very happy is spoken of as if the fulfillment of their hope were a tree that gives life. Alternate translation: “a longing fulfilled is like a tree of life” | |
1214 | 13:12 | isa3 | tree of life | 0 | “a tree that gives life” or “a tree whose fruit sustains life.” See how you translated this in Proverbs 3:18. | ||
1215 | 13:13 | a5vy | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | he who respects the commandment will be rewarded | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they will reward the one who respects the command” | |
1216 | 13:14 | uhi9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | fountain of life | 0 | A fountain is a good source of water and here represents a source of life. Alternate translation: “a bountiful source of life” | |
1217 | 13:14 | h871 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | snares of death | 0 | Here “snares” represent dangers that will kill. Alternate translation: “traps that lead to death” | |
1218 | 13:15 | r4vi | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | but the way of the treacherous is never-ending | 0 | Here a person’s behavior or conduct is spoken of as if it were a way or path that a person walks. A person being ruined by their own treachery is spoken of as if they are on a way or path that never ends. Alternate translation: “but the behavior of the treacherous will cause their own destruction” | |
1219 | 13:15 | up13 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | the treacherous | 0 | This nominal adjective can be stated as an adjective. Alternate translation: “the treacherous person” | |
1220 | 13:16 | g6vs | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | a fool parades his folly | 0 | To “parade” means to display in front of everyone. Alternate translation: “a fool displays his foolishness to everyone” | |
1221 | 13:17 | h4gr | falls into trouble | 0 | Alternate translation: “is unreliable” or “does something evil” | ||
1222 | 13:17 | pfh6 | a faithful envoy | 0 | Alternate translation: “a faithful messenger” or “a faithful diplomat” | ||
1223 | 13:18 | m4d7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | learns from correction | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word correction, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “learns when someone corrects him” | |
1224 | 13:19 | h11i | is sweet | 0 | Alternate translation: “is a delight” or “brings joy” | ||
1225 | 13:19 | fv8k | the appetite | 0 | the desire or liking for something | ||
1226 | 13:20 | k77z | will suffer harm | 0 | Alternate translation: “will experience harm” or “will be ruined” | ||
1227 | 13:21 | ddh8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | Disaster runs after sinners | 0 | “Disaster” is given human characteristics like the ability to run. Alternate translation: “Sinners have trouble wherever they go” | |
1228 | 13:21 | ecr7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | righteous people are rewarded with good | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God rewards righteous people with good” | |
1229 | 13:22 | amv1 | his grandchildren | 0 | Alternate translation: “the sons of his sons” or “the children of his children” or “his descendants” | ||
1230 | 13:22 | fi9c | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | a sinner’s wealth is stored up for the righteous person | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the one who does right will receive the wealth that a sinner has stored up” | |
1231 | 13:23 | z3px | An unplowed field | 0 | Alternate translation: “A field that is not prepared for food production” or “An empty field not ready for planting” | ||
1232 | 13:23 | h46l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | but it is swept away by injustice | 0 | “Swept away” represents completely removing something. This can be stated in active from. Alternate translation: “but injustice takes away that food” or “but unjust people take the food away” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1233 | 13:24 | jp8a | is careful to instruct him | 0 | Alternate translation: “makes sure to instruct him” | ||
1234 | 13:25 | a593 | he satisfies his appetite | 0 | Alternate translation: “he has satisfied himself” or “he fulfills his desires” | ||
1235 | 13:25 | azl9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | the stomach of the wicked is always hungry | 0 | Here “stomach” represents the desires of a person. Alternate translation: “the wicked person is always hungry for more” | |
1236 | 14:intro | gbj2 | 0 | Proverbs 14 General NotesStructure and formattingChapter 14 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. Special concepts in this chapterThemesThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) | |||
1237 | 14:1 | r3rp | builds her house | 0 | Alternate translation: “builds up her house” or “makes her house better” | ||
1238 | 14:1 | tv3l | house | 0 | This could mean: (1) this may refer to her actual house, that is the building she lives in or (2) this may refer to her family. | ||
1239 | 14:1 | l2y8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | with her own hands | 0 | The woman is represented by her “hands.” Alternate translation: “by herself” or “by the way she behaves” | |
1240 | 14:2 | qgn4 | The one who … the one who | 0 | Alternate translation: “The person who … the person who” | ||
1241 | 14:2 | qnc4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | walks uprightly | 0 | “Walks” represents the conduct of life. Alternate translation: “conducts his life in a just and honest way” | |
1242 | 14:2 | we9s | despises him | 0 | Alternate translation: “grossly disrespects him” or “shows that he hates him” | ||
1243 | 14:2 | c17i | in his ways despises him | 0 | The word “his” refers to the dishonest man and “him” refers to Yahweh. | ||
1244 | 14:3 | a16n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | the mouth of … the lips of | 0 | The mouth and the lips both refer to what a person says. | |
1245 | 14:3 | ixb4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | a rod for his back | 0 | The rod with which people will punish the fool by hitting him on his back for his foolish words is a metonym for the words that come out of his mouth. Alternate translation: “words that will cause people to punish him” | |
1246 | 14:3 | c2ir | the wise | 0 | This word is plural. “wise men” or “wise people” | ||
1247 | 14:3 | gru7 | will preserve them | 0 | Alternate translation: “will keep them from harm” or “will keep them safe” | ||
1248 | 14:4 | w12s | the feeding trough | 0 | A “trough” is a container in which you put the food for animals. | ||
1249 | 14:4 | e3k8 | an abundant crop | 0 | Alternate translation: “a good harvest” | ||
1250 | 14:4 | diy9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | by the strength of an ox | 0 | “Strength” represents the strong work an ox can do. Alternate translation: “because of the work an ox does” | |
1251 | 14:5 | j6d2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | breathes out lies | 0 | This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. Alternate translation: “constantly lies” See how you translated this phrase in Proverbs 6:19. | |
1252 | 14:6 | wm35 | and there is none | 0 | Alternate translation: “and wisdom is not there” or “but he will not find wisdom” | ||
1253 | 14:6 | ek6h | comes easy to | 0 | Alternate translation: “is easily found by” or “acquires without difficulty” | ||
1254 | 14:6 | xv2j | the one who is discerning | 0 | Alternate translation: “the one who is wise” or “a person who has understanding” | ||
1255 | 14:7 | ud4w | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | on his lips | 0 | The word “lips” represents what a person says. Alternate translation: “from his speech” or “with his comments” | |
1256 | 14:8 | e2qn | the prudent | 0 | a person who has good judgment or sense | ||
1257 | 14:8 | vp9q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | his own way | 0 | The word “way” represents the conduct of life of a person. Alternate translation: “his conduct” or “how he lives” | |
1258 | 14:8 | vug2 | the folly of fools is deception | 0 | The foolishness of fools is that they think they are wise, when they are not. | ||
1259 | 14:9 | m1s1 | when the guilt offering is sacrificed | 0 | “at guilt” or “at the guilt offering” The meaning behind this phrase is that fools do not apologize to God or men for the things they do wrong. | ||
1260 | 14:9 | t24p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | but among the upright favor is shared | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “but the upright enjoy favor together” or “but God’s favor is experienced together among the upright” | |
1261 | 14:10 | xxe9 | its own bitterness | 0 | Alternate translation: “its own sorrow” or “its own sadness” | ||
1262 | 14:10 | y94d | no stranger | 0 | Alternate translation: “those who do not know him” | ||
1263 | 14:11 | c5yp | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | the tent | 0 | The word “tent” represents everything that happens within it. Alternate translation: “the household” | |
1264 | 14:11 | d165 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | flourish | 0 | The word “flourish” means vigorous blooming of flowers and so represents anything that grows strongly. Alternate translation: “to do well and last long” or “to be healthy” or “to be very successful” | |
1265 | 14:12 | y8gw | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | There is a way that seems right to a man | 0 | The word “way” represents the conduct of life a person follows. Alternate translation: “People think that the way they are living is the right way” | |
1266 | 14:13 | n7lp | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | A heart can laugh | 0 | The word “heart” represents a person’s feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “A person’s feelings can show laughter” | |
1267 | 14:13 | j3ih | be in pain | 0 | Alternate translation: “experience pain” or “hurt” | ||
1268 | 14:14 | a8j9 | The one who | 0 | Alternate translation: “The person who” | ||
1269 | 14:14 | c5in | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | what his ways deserve | 0 | The word “ways” represents a person’s conduct of life. Alternate translation: “what he deserves, based on how he lived” | |
1270 | 14:14 | qe8k | what is his | 0 | Alternate translation: “what belongs to him” or “what he has a right to” | ||
1271 | 14:15 | i558 | naive | 0 | inexperienced or immature | ||
1272 | 14:15 | h73m | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | his steps | 0 | Here the idea of footsteps represents a person’s behavior. Alternate translation: “his actions” | |
1273 | 14:16 | z79v | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | turns away from evil | 0 | Here evil is spoken of as if it were a place. Alternate translation: “avoids doing evil” | |
1274 | 14:16 | dy6s | confidently dismisses | 0 | Alternate translation: “boldly ignores” | ||
1275 | 14:17 | yez8 | is quick to become angry | 0 | Alternate translation: “becomes angry quickly” | ||
1276 | 14:18 | j5kv | naive | 0 | inexperienced or immature | ||
1277 | 14:18 | c2ql | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | inherit foolishness | 0 | Here “inherit” represents having permanent possession of something. | |
1278 | 14:18 | aj35 | foolishness | 0 | The word “foolishness” is an abstract noun that represents foolish thinking and foolish actions. | ||
1279 | 14:18 | rq9a | prudent people | 0 | Alternate translation: “wise people” | ||
1280 | 14:18 | spn1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | are crowned with knowledge | 0 | Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were a beautiful ornament worn on one’s head, such as a turban with jewels. Alternate translation: “wear knowledge as a turban” | |
1281 | 14:19 | b4i8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction | bow down | 0 | This means to bend over to humbly express respect and submission toward someone. | |
1282 | 14:19 | e892 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | at the gates of the righteous | 0 | The word “gates” represents an entrance to meet with another. This means the wicked will have to wait for the righteous person and beg to enter his presence. Alternate translation: “to meet with the righteous person” | |
1283 | 14:20 | h5ns | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | The poor person is hated even by his own companions | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Everyone hates the poor person even his own neighbors” | |
1284 | 14:21 | fy3m | The one … the one | 0 | Alternate translation: “The person … the person” | ||
1285 | 14:21 | d4gp | the poor | 0 | Alternate translation: “poor people” | ||
1286 | 14:22 | m1cw | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Do not those who plot evil go astray? | 0 | The assumed answer to this question is “yes.” Alternate translation: “Those who plot evil will go astray.” | |
1287 | 14:22 | ie8f | who plot evil | 0 | Alternate translation: “who make evil plans” or “who make plans to do evil things” | ||
1288 | 14:22 | mmn3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | those who plan to do good will receive covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness | 0 | The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” Alternate translation: “God will show himself to be trustworthy and faithful to his covenant to those who plan to do what is good” | |
1289 | 14:23 | k11f | but when there is only talk | 0 | Alternate translation: “but if you only talk” or “but when all a person does is talking” | ||
1290 | 14:24 | dc97 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | The crown of wise people | 0 | The word “crown” represents the highest achievement possible and visible to all. Alternate translation: “The reward of wise people” | |
1291 | 14:24 | u3bw | the folly of fools | 0 | See how you translated this phrase in Proverbs 14:8. | ||
1292 | 14:25 | wkc7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | breathes out lies | 0 | This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in Proverbs 6:19. Alternate translation: “constantly lies” | |
1293 | 14:27 | c8u2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | fountain of life | 0 | A “fountain” is a bountiful source of water and represents here the source of life. Alternate translation: “source of life” | |
1294 | 14:27 | r5t6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | from the snares of death | 0 | A “snare” is a sort of trap used to hunt animals and represents something tricky and dangerous that will kill. Alternate translation: “from the trap that will kill” | |
1295 | 14:28 | vxf7 | the great number of his people | 0 | Alternate translation: “how many people he rules” | ||
1296 | 14:28 | yp94 | the prince is ruined | 0 | Alternate translation: “the prince has nothing and his kingdom will fall” | ||
1297 | 14:29 | n61r | the quick-tempered | 0 | a person who is quick to become angry | ||
1298 | 14:30 | lqn3 | A tranquil heart | 0 | Alternate translation: “A peaceful mindset” or “An attitude that is at peace” | ||
1299 | 14:30 | l819 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | rots the bones | 0 | The word “rots” represents the decay of a person and “bones” represents the whole person. Alternate translation: “causes a person to be unhealthy in body and spirit” | |
1300 | 14:31 | k67r | The one who … the one who | 0 | Alternate translation: “The person who … the person who” | ||
1301 | 14:31 | b6nz | curses | 0 | This means to express a desire that bad things will happen to someone. | ||
1302 | 14:31 | xhv2 | the poor … the needy | 0 | Alternate translation: “a poor person … a needy person” | ||
1303 | 14:31 | k2td | shows favor to | 0 | Alternate translation: “is kind to” or “helps” | ||
1304 | 14:32 | t8gr | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | is brought down by his evil actions | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “evil actions push over” or “evil actions destroy” | |
1305 | 14:33 | axk6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | Wisdom rests in the heart | 0 | The word “heart” represents the feelings, attitudes and motivations of a person. Alternate translation: “Wisdom is in the attitude” | |
1306 | 14:33 | t41l | the discerning | 0 | Alternate translation: “a discerning person” | ||
1307 | 14:33 | r61l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | she lets herself be known | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “she makes sure people know her” | |
1308 | 14:33 | xi3x | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | she | 0 | The word “she” refers to wisdom. | |
1309 | 14:34 | dl6h | is a disgrace | 0 | Alternate translation: “brings shame upon to any people” or “should cause any people to be ashamed” | ||
1310 | 14:35 | qjf7 | who acts prudently | 0 | Alternate translation: “who acts wisely” or “who makes sure bad things do not happen” | ||
1311 | 14:35 | vi56 | the one who | 0 | Alternate translation: “the servant who” | ||
1312 | 15:intro | l872 | 0 | Proverbs 15 General NotesStructure and formattingChapter 15 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. Special concepts in this chapterThemesThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) | |||
1313 | 15:1 | x2lh | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | A gentle answer turns away wrath | 0 | Causing a person to stop being angry is spoken of as if it were turning that person’s wrath away. Alternate translation: “Answering a person gently will calm that person’s wrath” | |
1314 | 15:1 | hu6m | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | but a harsh word stirs up anger | 0 | Causing a person to become more angry is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening anger. Alternate translation: “but speaking harshly causes that person to become more angry” | |
1315 | 15:2 | w6ic | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | The tongue of wise people compliments knowledge | 0 | Here the word “tongue” refers to the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “Wise people compliment knowledge when they speak” | |
1316 | 15:2 | sjz8 | compliments knowledge | 0 | Alternate translation: “makes knowledge attractive” or “uses knowledge correctly” | ||
1317 | 15:2 | ncr7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | the mouth of fools pours out folly | 0 | The writer speaks of fools’ mouths as if they were containers and of folly as if it were the liquid that filled them. When fools speak, their mouths pour out the liquid. The word “mouth” represents those who speak. Alternate translation: “fools are always speaking folly” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1318 | 15:3 | w8rc | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | The eyes of Yahweh are everywhere | 0 | Here the word “eyes” represents Yahweh and emphasizes his ability to see everything. Alternate translation: “Yahweh sees everything” | |
1319 | 15:3 | bw6f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | the evil and the good | 0 | The words “evil” and “good” refer to people. Alternate translation: “evil people and good people” | |
1320 | 15:4 | wt85 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | A healing tongue is a tree of life | 0 | The word “tongue” refers to speech. The writer speaks of the words of a person who says things that help and encourage others as if they were a tree that provides life-giving nourishment. Alternate translation: “Kind words are like a tree that gives life” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1321 | 15:4 | eg2w | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | a deceitful tongue crushes the spirit | 0 | The phrase “a deceitful tongue” refers to speech that is deceitful or hurtful. The writer speaks of a person being hurt or in despair as if that person’s spirit were an object that words have crushed. Alternate translation: “deceitful speech causes a person to despair” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1322 | 15:5 | kix4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | he who learns from correction | 0 | The word “correction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “he who learns when someone corrects him” | |
1323 | 15:5 | x86t | is prudent | 0 | Alternate translation: “is wise” | ||
1324 | 15:6 | h7yy | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | the earnings of the wicked person give | 0 | The word “earnings” can be translated as a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “the wealth that a wicked person earns gives” | |
1325 | 15:7 | tk6t | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | The lips of wise people scatter knowledge about | 0 | The word “lips” represents what wise people say. The writer speaks of knowledge as if it were seeds that wise people scatter around when they speak. Alternate translation: “The speech of wise people spreads knowledge” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1326 | 15:7 | wet2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | not so the hearts of fools | 0 | This could mean: (1) the word “hearts” is synecdoche for the fools themselves and means that they do not scatter knowledge like wise people do. Alternate translation: “fools do not scatter knowledge about” or (2) fools do not have knowledge in their hearts, with “hearts” being a metonym for the thoughts. Alternate translation: “fools do not understand knowledge” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1327 | 15:8 | a5ry | upright people | 0 | Alternate translation: “people who live rightly” | ||
1328 | 15:8 | fci9 | is his delight | 0 | Alternate translation: “pleases him” | ||
1329 | 15:9 | ui9i | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | Yahweh hates the way of wicked people | 0 | The lifestyles of wicked people are spoken of as if they are paths on which those people walk. Alternate translation: “Yahweh hates the way that wicked people live” | |
1330 | 15:9 | pj1l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | the one who pursues what is right | 0 | Being diligent to live rightly is spoken of as if it were chasing after right things. Alternate translation: “the person who strives to live rightly” | |
1331 | 15:10 | j3mw | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | anyone who forsakes the way | 0 | Here “the way” refers to the way of righteousness. A person who stops doing what is right is spoken of as if he has stopped walking on the correct path. Alternate translation: “anyone who stops living rightly” | |
1332 | 15:10 | jus3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | he who hates correction | 0 | The word “correction” can be translated as a verb. Alternate translation: “the person who hates it when others correct him” | |
1333 | 15:11 | n1e2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet | Sheol and destruction are open before Yahweh | 0 | The words “Sheol and destruction” both refer to the place of the dead. Yahweh knowing everything about the place of the dead is spoken of as if it were open before Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Yahweh knows everything about the place where dead people are” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1334 | 15:11 | b6if | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | how much more the hearts of the sons of mankind? | 0 | This rhetorical question emphasizes that since Yahweh knows everything about the place of the dead, it is more obvious that he knows everything about the hearts of men. Alternate translation: “so he certainly knows the hearts of the sons of mankind!” | |
1335 | 15:11 | r3gz | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | the hearts of the sons of mankind | 0 | Here the word “hearts” represents the thoughts and motivations. The phrase “the sons of mankind” is an idiom for humanity. Alternate translation: “the thoughts of humans” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1336 | 15:12 | dl8g | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | The mocker resents correction | 0 | The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The mocker hates when others correct him” | |
1337 | 15:12 | f5d9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | he will not go to the wise | 0 | It is implied that he will not go to the wise to seek their counsel or advice. Alternate translation: “he will not go to the wise to seek their counsel” | |
1338 | 15:13 | b4lv | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | A joyful heart makes the face cheerful | 0 | Here the word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “When a person is joyful, his face is cheerful” | |
1339 | 15:13 | dm7a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | crushes the spirit | 0 | The writer speaks of a person being discouraged as if that person’s spirit were an object that is crushed. See how you translated this in Proverbs 15:4. Alternate translation: “makes a person discouraged” | |
1340 | 15:14 | d9uh | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | The heart of the discerning | 0 | Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The mind of the discerning person” or “The discerning person” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1341 | 15:14 | k3ct | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | the mouth of fools feeds on folly | 0 | Here the word “mouth” represents the person. The writer speaks of fools desiring foolish things as if they ate foolish things. Alternate translation: “foolish people desire folly as if it were the food that they eat” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1342 | 15:15 | r1yn | All the days of oppressed people are miserable | 0 | Alternate translation: “Oppressed people are miserable all of their days” | ||
1343 | 15:15 | en6x | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | a cheerful heart has an unending feast | 0 | Here the word “heart” represents the person. The writer speaks of a cheerful person enjoying life as if that person were celebrating a feast that does not end. Alternate translation: “the cheerful person enjoys life, as if he were celebrating an unending feast” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1344 | 15:15 | m9lg | an unending feast | 0 | Alternate translation: “a feast that never ends” | ||
1345 | 15:16 | iix3 | with confusion | 0 | Alternate translation: “with anxiety” | ||
1346 | 15:17 | via5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | a meal with vegetables | 0 | The vegetables represent a small meal with very little food. Alternate translation: “a small meal” or “very little food” | |
1347 | 15:17 | ux23 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | where there is love | 0 | The word “love” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “where people love one another” | |
1348 | 15:17 | m9u4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | a fatted calf served with hatred | 0 | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a fatted calf that someone serves with hatred” | |
1349 | 15:17 | x4f2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | a fatted calf | 0 | This refers to a calf that has been fed a lot of food so that it will become fat. Here it represents a delicious meal or a feast. Alternate translation: “a luxurious meal” or “a feast” | |
1350 | 15:17 | vw92 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | with hatred | 0 | The word “hatred” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “where people hate one another” | |
1351 | 15:18 | p4ji | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | stirs up arguments | 0 | Causing people to argue more is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening arguments. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word arguments, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “argue.” Alternate translation: “causes people to argue more” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1352 | 15:19 | awv2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | The path of the sluggard … the path of the upright | 0 | The writer speaks of a person’s life as if it were a path on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “The life of the sluggard … the life of the upright” | |
1353 | 15:19 | gy92 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | The path of the sluggard is like a place with a hedge of thorns | 0 | The writer compares the lifestyle of the sluggard with trying to walk through a hedge of thorns. Both cause the person to suffer pain. Alternate translation: “The life of the sluggard is like a person trying to walk through a hedge of thorns” | |
1354 | 15:19 | zqz8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | the path of the upright is a built-up highway | 0 | The writer speaks of the blessings that upright people experience in life as if they were walking on a smooth road. | |
1355 | 15:19 | c95z | built-up highway | 0 | This is a road that is wide, flat, and without obstacles or potholes. | ||
1356 | 15:21 | itu5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | the one who has understanding walks a straight path | 0 | The writer speaks of a person doing the right thing as if he were walking straight ahead on a path. Alternate translation: “the person who has understanding does what is right” | |
1357 | 15:22 | p1yb | Plans go wrong | 0 | Alternate translation: “Plans fail” | ||
1358 | 15:22 | et1u | where there is no advice | 0 | Alternate translation: “when there is no one to give advice” | ||
1359 | 15:22 | re1s | advisors | 0 | people who give recommendations as a guide to action | ||
1360 | 15:22 | q31z | they succeed | 0 | Alternate translation: “plans succeed” | ||
1361 | 15:23 | wg81 | a pertinent reply | 0 | Alternate translation: “a fitting reply” or “an appropriate answer” | ||
1362 | 15:23 | jnm2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations | how good is a timely word | 0 | This exclamation emphasizes that a word spoken at the right time is very good. Alternate translation: “a word that a person speaks at the right time is very good” | |
1363 | 15:24 | b9kb | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | The path of life leads upward … from Sheol beneath | 0 | The writer speaks of a lifestyle that results in life as if it were a path that goes upward towards life and of a lifestyle that results in death as if it were a path that leads down to the place of the dead. | |
1364 | 15:25 | h2dg | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | house | 0 | This is a synecdoche for the person’s household, property, and wealth. | |
1365 | 15:26 | h9s4 | the words of kindness are pure | 0 | Alternate translation: “kind words are pure” or “pleasant words are pure” | ||
1366 | 15:28 | avu5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | The heart of the righteous person ponders before it answers | 0 | Here the word “heart” is a metonym for the mind and thoughts. This represents the person who thinks. Alternate translation: “The person who does right ponders what to say before he answers” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1367 | 15:28 | zzd4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | the mouth of wicked people pours out all its evil | 0 | The writer speaks of wicked people’s mouths as if they were containers and speaks of evil as if it were the liquid that filled them. When wicked people speak, their mouths pour out the liquid. The word “mouths” represents those who speak. Alternate translation: “wicked people are always saying evil things” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1368 | 15:28 | zr4l | the mouth of wicked people pours out all its evil | 0 | It may be more natural in you language to translate all these words as either singular or plural. Alternate translation: “the mouth of the wicked person pours out all its evil” or “the mouths of wicked people pour out all their evil” | ||
1369 | 15:29 | nq5q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | Yahweh is far away from wicked people | 0 | The writer speaks of Yahweh not listening to wicked people as if he were physically far away from them. Alternate translation: “Yahweh does not listen to wicked people” or “Yahweh does not answer wicked people” | |
1370 | 15:30 | msq2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | The light of the eyes | 0 | The writer speaks of an expression of joy on one’s face as if the person’s eyes emitted light. Alternate translation: “A cheerful expression” | |
1371 | 15:30 | d2bg | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | brings joy to the heart | 0 | The word “heart” represents the person. This could mean: (1) the person who has a cheerful expression becomes joyful or (2) other people become joyful when they see someone with a cheerful expression. Alternate translation: “causes a person to be joyful” | |
1372 | 15:30 | hhj8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | good news is health to the body | 0 | Here the word “body” represents the person. Alternate translation: “receiving good news makes a person feel good” | |
1373 | 15:31 | vet3 | you will remain among wise people | 0 | This could mean: (1) people will continue to consider you to be a wise person or (2) you will continue to enjoy the company of wise people. | ||
1374 | 15:32 | l9cd | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | listens to correction | 0 | The word “correction” can be translated with a verbal phrase. Alternate translation: “listens when others correct him” | |
1375 | 15:33 | nhk9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | The fear of Yahweh teaches wisdom | 0 | The words “fear” and “wisdom” can be translated with verbal phrases. Alternate translation: “When one fears Yahweh, he will learn to be wise” | |
1376 | 15:33 | t56g | The fear of Yahweh | 0 | See how you translated this phrase in Proverbs 1:7. | ||
1377 | 15:33 | w2h2 | humility comes before honor | 0 | This means that a person must first learn humility before Yahweh will honor him. | ||
1378 | 16:intro | mu2u | 0 | Proverbs 16 General NotesStructure and formattingChapter 16 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. Special concepts in this chapterKing and royaltySome of these proverbs mention a king. As in other cases, this is intended to apply to all rulers. ThemesThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) | |||
1379 | 16:1 | bqu9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | The plans of the heart belong to a person | 0 | Here the word “heart” represents the person’s mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “A person makes plans in his mind” | |
1380 | 16:1 | hf8a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | from Yahweh comes the answer from his tongue | 0 | This could mean: (1) Yahweh speaks his answer to a person’s plans, which is a metaphor meaning that Yahweh determines the outcome of that person’s plans or (2) Yahweh enables a person to speak words about the plans that he has made. | |
1381 | 16:1 | j1hu | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | the answer from his tongue | 0 | The person is represented by his “tongue” to emphasize his speech. Alternate translation: “the answer that he speaks” | |
1382 | 16:2 | m6li | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | All of a person’s ways are pure in his own eyes | 0 | The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if that person were walking down a path. Alternate translation: “A person thinks that everything he does is pure” or “A person judges everything he does as pure” | |
1383 | 16:2 | ky4t | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | Yahweh weighs the spirits | 0 | Here the word “spirits” represents people’s desires and motives. The writer speaks of Yahweh discerning and judging a person’s desires and motives as if he were weighing that person’s spirit. Alternate translation: “Yahweh judges the person’s motives” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1384 | 16:4 | ccq1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | even the wicked for the day of trouble | 0 | The verbal phrase may be supplied from the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “he has made even the wicked for the day of trouble” | |
1385 | 16:5 | lkb8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | everyone who has an arrogant heart | 0 | Here the word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “everyone who is arrogant” | |
1386 | 16:5 | cq2g | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes | they will not go unpunished | 0 | The two negatives in this phrase strongly emphasize the positive. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will certainly punish them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1387 | 16:6 | t6t9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | By covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness iniquity is atoned for | 0 | The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) Alternate translation: “Because Yahweh is faithful to his covenant and trustworthy he forgives people’s sins” or (2) Alternate translation: “Yahweh will forgive the sins of those who are faithful to the covenant and trustworthy” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1388 | 16:6 | sn15 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | people turn away from evil | 0 | The writer speaks of people no longer doing evil things as if they were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “people stop doing evil things” | |
1389 | 16:7 | i6tc | he makes | 0 | Alternate translation: “Yahweh makes” | ||
1390 | 16:8 | u992 | a large income | 0 | Alternate translation: “earning a lot of money” | ||
1391 | 16:8 | a4dx | with injustice | 0 | Alternate translation: “with wrongdoing” | ||
1392 | 16:9 | wyx2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | In his heart a person plans out his way | 0 | Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if the person were walking on a path. Alternate translation: “A person plans in his mind what he will do” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1393 | 16:9 | y8rt | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | Yahweh directs his steps | 0 | The writer speaks of Yahweh determining the outcome of a person’s plans as if Yahweh were telling that person where to walk. | |
1394 | 16:10 | ak2q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | Insightful decisions are on the lips of a king | 0 | Here the word “lips” is a metonym for what the king says. Alternate translation: “What a king says are insightful decisions” | |
1395 | 16:10 | ul24 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | his mouth should not betray justice | 0 | The word “mouth” represents the king himself. Alternate translation: “he should not speak deceitfully when he judges” | |
1396 | 16:11 | hb1i | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | Honest scales come from Yahweh | 0 | Yahweh requires justice and fairness when doing business. Dishonest people used heavier or lighter weights in their scales in order to gain more when buying or selling. | |
1397 | 16:11 | c4kd | all the weights in the bag are his work | 0 | Merchants carried their weights in bags. This could mean: (1) Yahweh has determined how much every weight must weigh or (2) Yahweh is concerned with every weight that a merchant uses. | ||
1398 | 16:12 | tie4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | that is something to be despised | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “that is something that people despise” or “that is something that Yahweh despises” | |
1399 | 16:12 | yr8j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | for a throne is established by doing what is right | 0 | Here the word “throne” represents the king’s rule. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “for the king establishes his reign by doing what is right” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1400 | 16:13 | sfa1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | lips that say what is right | 0 | Here the word “lips” represents the person who speaks. Alternate translation: “a person who speaks the truth” | |
1401 | 16:14 | lfm4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | A king’s wrath is a messenger of death | 0 | The writer speaks of an angry king causing someone to die as if the king’s wrath were a messenger that he sends out to kill someone. Alternate translation: “An angry king can put people to death” | |
1402 | 16:15 | av7j | 0 | General Information:Verse 15 contrasts with verse 14. | |||
1403 | 16:15 | f1pr | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | In the light of a king’s face is life | 0 | The writer speaks of an expression of joy on the king’s face as if his face emitted light. Alternate translation: “When the king is cheerful, people live” | |
1404 | 16:15 | a5n5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | his favor is like a cloud that brings a spring rain | 0 | The writer compares the king showing favor towards someone with a cloud that brings rain to make crops grow. Both promise blessing to those who receive them. | |
1405 | 16:16 | rgj4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations | How much better it is to get wisdom than gold | 0 | This exclamation emphasizes that having wisdom is much better than having gold. Alternate translation: “It is much better to get wisdom than to get gold” | |
1406 | 16:16 | bn5c | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | To get understanding should be chosen more than silver | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “A person should choose to get understanding more than to get silver” | |
1407 | 16:17 | ffx6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | The highway of upright people | 0 | The writer speaks of the lifestyle of upright people as if it were a well-built road, free of obstacles. Alternate translation: “The righteous way that upright people live” | |
1408 | 16:17 | a2qn | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | turns away from evil | 0 | The writer speaks of avoiding or no longer doing evil things as if it were turning away from evil. Alternate translation: “keeps them from doing evil” | |
1409 | 16:18 | qp3l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | a haughty spirit | 0 | Here the word “spirit” represents the person’s attitude and temperament. Alternate translation: “an arrogant attitude” | |
1410 | 16:18 | yz53 | a downfall | 0 | Alternate translation: “ruin” or “failure” | ||
1411 | 16:19 | s4fk | spoil | 0 | goods taken in battle | ||
1412 | 16:20 | zg3i | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | what they are taught | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “what someone has taught them” or “what they have learned” | |
1413 | 16:21 | lrv9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | The one who is wise in heart is called discerning | 0 | This person will have a reputation of being a discerning person. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People will call the one who is wise in heart discerning” or “The one who is wise in heart will have a reputation of being a discerning person” | |
1414 | 16:21 | hq6m | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | The one who is wise in heart | 0 | Here the heart represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The one who is wise” or “The one who is wise in his thinking” | |
1415 | 16:21 | w5ly | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | sweetness of speech | 0 | The writer speaks of kind or pleasant speech as if it were something that tastes sweet. Alternate translation: “kind speech” or “pleasant speech” | |
1416 | 16:22 | y5ux | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | Understanding is a fountain of life | 0 | The writer speaks of “Understanding” as if it were a fountain that continuously flows with water and which sustains the life of those who drink from it. Alternate translation: “Understanding is like a fountain flowing with life-giving water” | |
1417 | 16:23 | rbc8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | The heart of a wise person gives | 0 | Here the word “heart” represents the mind and thoughts. Alternate translation: “The thoughts of a wise person gives” | |
1418 | 16:23 | qa4q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | gives insight to his mouth | 0 | Here the word “mouth” is a metonym for speech. Alternate translation: “makes his speech wise” | |
1419 | 16:23 | i4qn | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | to his lips | 0 | Here the word “lips” is a metonym for speech. Alternate translation: “to what he says” | |
1420 | 16:24 | r6ef | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | sweet to the soul | 0 | Here, soul could mean: (1) it represents a person’s inward desires and pleasures. Alternate translation: “sweet enough to make a person happy” or (2) it can mean “throat” and is a metonym for a person’s tongue and ability to taste. Alternate translation: “sweet to a person’s taste” | |
1421 | 16:24 | ye3n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | healing to the bones | 0 | Here the word “bones” represent a person’s body. Alternate translation: “healing to the body” | |
1422 | 16:25 | v8l9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | There is a way that seems right to a man | 0 | The writer speaks of a person’s conduct or behavior as if it were a road on which the person is traveling. Alternate translation: “A person thinks that the way he is living is right” | |
1423 | 16:25 | es6x | but its end is the way to death | 0 | The word “its” refers to “way” in the previous line. This “way” is the road that leads to death. | ||
1424 | 16:26 | fc7p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | The laborer’s appetite works for him | 0 | The writer speaks of the appetite as if it were a person who works on behalf of the laborer. This means that the person who labors is motivated by his desire to eat. Alternate translation: “The laborer works to satisfy his appetite” | |
1425 | 16:26 | gb4l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | his hunger urges him on | 0 | The writer speaks of “hunger” as if it were a person who urges the laborer to continue working. Alternate translation: “he keeps on working because he is hungry” | |
1426 | 16:27 | r16q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | A worthless person digs up mischief | 0 | The writer speaks of a person trying to find ways to harm other people as if that person were digging in the ground to find something buried. Alternate translation: “A worthless person looks for mischief as if he were digging for something in the ground” | |
1427 | 16:27 | sga2 | worthless | 0 | Alternate translation: “useless” or “wicked” | ||
1428 | 16:27 | q5zk | mischief | 0 | trouble | ||
1429 | 16:27 | xs7m | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | his speech is like a scorching fire | 0 | The writer compares the way this person’s words hurt others with the way that fire burns things. Alternate translation: “he hurts people with his words, like a fire scorches the things it touches” | |
1430 | 16:28 | x2b5 | a gossip | 0 | a person who gossips or spreads rumors | ||
1431 | 16:29 | mk94 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | A man of violence lies to his neighbor | 0 | It is implied that this man lies to his neighbor in order to get his neighbor to join him in violent actions. Alternate translation: “A man of violence entices his neighbor” | |
1432 | 16:29 | i6a5 | A man of violence | 0 | Alternate translation: “A violent man” or “A man who practices violence” | ||
1433 | 16:29 | f3dd | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | leads him down a path that is not good | 0 | The writer speaks of a person’s actions as if they were a road on which the person walks. Alternate translation: “gets him to do things that are not good” | |
1434 | 16:29 | m8qs | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | a path that is not good | 0 | The writer uses an understatement to emphasize how bad this path is. Alternate translation: “a very bad path” or “a terrible path” | |
1435 | 16:30 | p1tu | The one who winks the eye … those who purse the lips | 0 | Both of these are facial gestures which people might use to signal their plans to others. See how you translated “winks the eye” in Proverbs 10:10. | ||
1436 | 16:30 | wy6w | will bring evil to pass | 0 | Alternate translation: “will do evil things” | ||
1437 | 16:31 | aj89 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | Gray hair is a crown of glory | 0 | The writer speaks of gray hair as if it were a crown. “Gray hair” is a metonym for old age. Alternate translation: “A person who has lived long enough to have gray hair is like one who wears a glorious crown on his head” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1438 | 16:31 | y1am | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | it is gained | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a person gains it” | |
1439 | 16:32 | x3rg | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | one who rules his spirit | 0 | The writer speaks of a person being able to control his own temper and emotions as if he ruled over his spirit like a king rules his people. Alternate translation: “one who controls his temper” | |
1440 | 16:33 | ei8c | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | The lots are cast into the lap | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “A person throws the lots into his lap” | |
1441 | 16:33 | js5x | the decision is from Yahweh | 0 | This could mean: (1) Yahweh decides how the lots will land or (2) it is not the lots, but Yahweh who determines what will happen. | ||
1442 | 17:intro | br3v | 0 | Proverbs 17 General NotesStructure and formattingChapter 17 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. Special concepts in this chapterThemesThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) | |||
1443 | 17:1 | ecu4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | to have quiet | 0 | Here “quiet” refers to “peace.” Alternate translation: “to have peace” | |
1444 | 17:1 | p2y8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | than a house full of feasting with strife | 0 | The words “to have” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “than to have a house full of feasting with strife” or “than to be in a house full of feasting where there is strife” | |
1445 | 17:3 | fh66 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | The crucible is for silver and the furnace is for gold | 0 | This refers to how gold and silver are refined. A metal is refined by heating it to a high temperature so that it melts and the impurities may be removed. Alternate translation: “The crucible is used to refine silver and the furnace is used to refine gold” | |
1446 | 17:3 | fi3n | crucible | 0 | a pot in which metals are melted at a very high temperature | ||
1447 | 17:3 | aq7i | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | Yahweh refines hearts | 0 | This speaks of Yahweh testing people to help them stop being evil and foolish as if their hearts were a metal that Yahweh was refining to remove everything that is impure. Alternate translation: “Yahweh tests peoples’ hearts” | |
1448 | 17:4 | bar9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | wicked lips | 0 | The word lips can be translated as either: (1) a synecdoche for the person or (2) a metonym for the words that come out from those lips. Alternate translation: “a wicked person” or “wicked talk” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1449 | 17:4 | cj9s | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | gives ear | 0 | This idiom means “listens.” | |
1450 | 17:4 | ef8i | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | destructive tongue | 0 | The word tongue can be translated as either: (1) a synecdoche for the person or (2) a metonym for the words that the tongue produces. Alternate translation: “a destructive person” or “destructive talk” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1451 | 17:5 | a5ue | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | the poor | 0 | This refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor” | |
1452 | 17:5 | gs4i | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | his Maker | 0 | This is a name that refers to Yahweh. This is also an abstract noun that can be written as a verb. Alternate translation: “the one who made him” | |
1453 | 17:5 | dj8b | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | at misfortune | 0 | This refers to the misfortune of others. Alternate translation: “at others’ misfortune” or “at other peoples’ troubles” | |
1454 | 17:6 | y71i | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | are the crown of | 0 | This speaks of older peoples’ grandchildren being a sign of honor for them as if their grandchildren were a crown. Alternate translation: “bring honor and respect to” | |
1455 | 17:6 | v99u | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | the aged | 0 | This refers to older people. Alternate translation: “those who are older” or “older people” | |
1456 | 17:7 | i2ze | Eloquent speech | 0 | Alternate translation: “Fine speech” or “Excellent speech” | ||
1457 | 17:7 | clc1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | much less are lying lips suitable for royalty | 0 | This describes people lying as if it were actually their “lips” that were lying. Alternate translation: “even more it is not suitable for royalty to lie” | |
1458 | 17:8 | mi9y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | A bribe is like a magic stone to the one who gives it | 0 | This speaks of a person’s bribe working by comparing it to a magical stone or amulet. Alternate translation: “A bribe works like a magical stone for the one who gives it” or “A bribe works like magic for the one who is giving the bribe” | |
1459 | 17:8 | iq11 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | wherever he turns | 0 | Here “turning” refers to the various things the person does. Specifically, this refers to the different things the person does by bribery. Alternate translation: “in whatever he does” or “in everything he tries to do by giving bribes” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1460 | 17:9 | nk6k | an offense | 0 | an action or word that has hurt him | ||
1461 | 17:9 | r2e2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | who repeats a matter | 0 | This refers to bringing up a past situation in which a friend was hurt or offended. Alternate translation: “who repeats a past offense” | |
1462 | 17:9 | s8p6 | alienates close friends | 0 | Alternate translation: “causes people to stop being close friends” or “causes close friends to stop liking each other” | ||
1463 | 17:10 | dra2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | A rebuke goes deeper into a person … than a hundred blows go into a fool | 0 | This compares how a rebuke effects a man of understanding to how a beating effects a fool. This speaks of the effect on these people as if it could be measured by the depth that it goes into them. Alternate translation: “A rebuke has more effect on a person … than a hundred blows have on a fool” | |
1464 | 17:10 | fs5v | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | a person who has understanding | 0 | “a person who has good judgment.” The word “understand” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “a person who understands” | |
1465 | 17:10 | hy6y | a hundred blows go | 0 | Alternate translation: “a beating of a hundred blows goes” | ||
1466 | 17:11 | rz73 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | seeks rebellion | 0 | The word “rebellion” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “seeks to rebel” | |
1467 | 17:11 | zqf6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | a cruel messenger will be sent against him | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a cruel messenger will come against him” | |
1468 | 17:11 | suj6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | will be sent against him | 0 | To be “sent against” someone means to be sent to harm them. Alternate translation: “will be sent to harm him” | |
1469 | 17:12 | fk5m | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | a bear robbed of her cubs | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a bear who has just lost her cubs” | |
1470 | 17:12 | j1ly | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | in his foolishness | 0 | The word “foolishness” can be expressed as an adjective. Alternate translation: “who is acting foolish” | |
1471 | 17:13 | p537 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | evil will never leave his house | 0 | Here “evil” is spoken of as if it were a person who would not leave the man’s house. Here the word “house” may be taken literally, but it is also a metonym for his family. Alternate translation: “bad things will continue to happen to him and his family” or “bad things will never stop happening to him and his family” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1472 | 17:14 | e1bw | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | The beginning of conflict is like one who releases water everywhere | 0 | This compares how easily a conflict spreads to how spilled water flows everywhere. Alternate translation: “Starting a conflict is like pumping water and letting it run everywhere” | |
1473 | 17:14 | al2h | has broken out | 0 | Alternate translation: “starts”or “begins” | ||
1474 | 17:15 | z95a | acquits | 0 | justifies, declares someone not guilty | ||
1475 | 17:16 | kk5n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Why should a fool pay money to learn about wisdom, when he has no ability to learn it? | 0 | This rhetorical question emphasizes that the fool should not do this. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “A fool should not pay money to learn about wisdom because he does not have the ability to learn it.” | |
1476 | 17:17 | az6z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | a brother is born for times of trouble | 0 | One of the purposes of a brother is to be there to help his brother or sister in times of trouble. Alternate translation: “a brother is there for times of trouble” | |
1477 | 17:18 | f3yd | no sense | 0 | Alternate translation: “no good judgement” | ||
1478 | 17:18 | r6wn | binding promises | 0 | This refers to promises that must be kept and are often a burden on the person who made them. | ||
1479 | 17:19 | bpz3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | causes bones to be broken | 0 | This means that someone will trip on the threshold and break bones, probably in their foot. Alternate translation: “is sure to cause someone trip and break their the bones in their foot” or “is sure to cause someone to trip and injure himself” | |
1480 | 17:20 | a3mi | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | who has a crooked heart | 0 | The “heart” represents a person’s feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “who is deceptive” or “who is dishonest” | |
1481 | 17:20 | s659 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | has a perverse tongue | 0 | The “tongue” represents a person’s speech. Alternate translation: “speaks perversely” or “speaks wickedly” | |
1482 | 17:20 | qjp9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | falls into calamity | 0 | “falls into trouble” To “fall into” something means to get into that situation. Alternate translation: “will have calamity” | |
1483 | 17:22 | b1n1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | A cheerful heart is good medicine | 0 | This speaks of a cheerful heart as being good medicine because it makes you feel better. Alternate translation: “A cheerful heart is like medicine that makes you feel better” | |
1484 | 17:22 | ga2p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | A cheerful heart | 0 | The “heart” represents a person’s feelings, attitudes and motivations. Alternate translation: “Being cheerful” | |
1485 | 17:22 | u1vh | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | a broken spirit | 0 | Here the “spirit” represents a person’s feelings and emotional state. A broken spirit refers to a poor emotional state. Alternate translation: “depression” | |
1486 | 17:22 | gei3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | dries up the bones | 0 | A person’s bones represent their physical health and strength. If a person’s bones dry up it means that they are very sick and unhealthy. Alternate translation: “makes a person unhealthy and weak” | |
1487 | 17:23 | r7p6 | to pervert the ways of justice | 0 | Alternate translation: “to prevent justice from being rendered” or “to pervert justice” | ||
1488 | 17:24 | ba2e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | sets his face toward wisdom | 0 | This speaks of a person’s focus on acting wisely as if he were looking at wisdom. Alternate translation: “focuses on acting wisely” | |
1489 | 17:24 | r7ww | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | the eyes of a fool are | 0 | This refers to a fool by his eyes to emphasize what he is focusing on. Alternate translation: “the fool is” | |
1490 | 17:24 | qef2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | the ends of the earth | 0 | This speaks of a fool’s impossible dreams as if they were the ends of the earth to emphasize that they are unrealistic. Alternate translation: “strive for things that are as far from him as the ends of the earth” or “focus on impossible things” | |
1491 | 17:25 | cn74 | A foolish son is a grief to his father | 0 | This speaks of a son causing his father grief as if the son himself were “grief.” Alternate translation: “A foolish son brings grief to his father” | ||
1492 | 17:25 | mw1t | A foolish son … and bitterness to the woman | 0 | This speaks of a son causing his mother bitterness as if the son himself were “bitterness.” Alternate translation: “A foolish son … and brings bitterness to the woman” | ||
1493 | 17:25 | t9yj | who bore him | 0 | Alternate translation: “who gave birth to him” | ||
1494 | 17:25 | lm5j | bitterness | 0 | emotional pain, sorrow | ||
1495 | 17:26 | lw6w | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes | it is never good … neither is it good | 0 | These statements can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “it is always wrong … and it is evil” | |
1496 | 17:26 | wfd1 | the righteous person | 0 | Another possible meaning is “the innocent person,” anyone whom others have accused of a crime that he did not commit. | ||
1497 | 17:26 | s7mg | flog | 0 | whip severely | ||
1498 | 17:26 | dj91 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | who have integrity | 0 | The word “integrity” can be expressed with the adjective “honest.” Alternate translation: “who are honest” | |
1499 | 17:27 | je2b | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | uses few words | 0 | This refers to the way he speaks. Alternate translation: “speaks with few words” | |
1500 | 17:28 | b5ay | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | Even a fool is thought to be wise | 0 | This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “People even think a fool is wise” | |
1501 | 17:28 | i81a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | keeps his mouth shut | 0 | This means that he does not speak. Alternate translation: “does not speak” | |
1502 | 17:28 | q1jm | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | he is considered to be intelligent | 0 | This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “people consider him to be intelligent” | |
1503 | 18:intro | k5qz | 0 | Proverbs 18 General NotesStructure and formattingChapter 18 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. Special concepts in this chapterThemesThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) | |||
1504 | 18:1 | n34r | isolates himself | 0 | Alternate translation: “keeps away from other people” | ||
1505 | 18:1 | vun3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | quarrels with all sound judgment | 0 | This speaks of a person disagreeing with sound judgment as if “sound judgment” were a person he fought with. Alternate translation: “he disagrees with all sound judgment” | |
1506 | 18:1 | r3yq | sound judgment | 0 | Alternate translation: “good judgment” or “wise choices” | ||
1507 | 18:2 | u731 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes | A fool finds no pleasure in understanding, but only | 0 | “A fool does not care about understanding, but only about” This means the fool considers “understanding” the opposite of pleasure. Alternate translation: “A fool detests understanding and only finds pleasure in” | |
1508 | 18:2 | ey4y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | but only in revealing what is in his own heart | 0 | This means that the fool only finds pleasure in telling other people what he feels and desires in his heart. Alternate translation: “but only in telling others what is in his own heart” | |
1509 | 18:2 | yp8r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | what is in his own heart | 0 | The contents of a person’s heart refers to the person’s thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “what he thinks” | |
1510 | 18:3 | fw1y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | contempt comes with him—along with shame and reproach | 0 | Here “contempt,” “shame,” and “reproach” are spoken of as if they are people who accompany a wicked man. This could mean: (1) people show contempt towards the wicked man and cause him to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “people feel contempt for him along with shame and reproach” or (2) the wicked man shows contempt for others and causes them to feel shame and reproach. Alternate translation: “he shows his contempt for other people and causes them to feel shame and reproach” | |
1511 | 18:3 | ps5e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet | shame and reproach | 0 | These two words have similar meaning and are used together to emphasize the “shame” felt by either the wicked man or other people. | |
1512 | 18:4 | izv2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | The words of a man’s mouth are deep waters; & the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream | 0 | These two lines are parallel and it is implied that the man in the first line is a wise man. Alternate translation: “The words of a wise man’s mouth are deep waters; … the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1513 | 18:4 | nv82 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | The words of a man’s mouth are deep waters | 0 | This speaks of a wise man’s words being profound as if they were profound and as deep as deep waters. Alternate translation: “The words of a man’s mouth are as profound as deep waters” or “The words of a man’s mouth are deep and profound” | |
1514 | 18:4 | mk4j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | a man’s mouth | 0 | Here the man is referred to by his mouth to emphasize what he says. Alternate translation: “of a man” | |
1515 | 18:4 | mn87 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream | 0 | This speaks of the source of wisdom being plentiful as if it were a gushing spring. The gushing of the spring is spoken of as if it were a flowing stream. Alternate translation: “the source of wisdom is as plentiful as the water of a gushing spring” | |
1516 | 18:5 | fi7d | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes | It is not good to … to the righteous person | 0 | These phrases can be written in positive form. Alternate translation: “It is good to treat the wicked person as he deserves, and to be just to the righteous person” | |
1517 | 18:6 | p2qv | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | A fool’s lips bring | 0 | Here the fool is referred to by his “lips” to emphasize what he says. Alternate translation: “what a fool says brings” | |
1518 | 18:6 | w2xd | bring | 0 | Alternate translation: “cause” | ||
1519 | 18:6 | zxu7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | his mouth invites a beating | 0 | This speaks of the fool saying things that cause people to want to beat him as if he were inviting them to beat him. Alternate translation: “his mouth makes people want to beat him” | |
1520 | 18:6 | z4ii | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | his mouth | 0 | Here what the fool says is referred to as his “mouth.” Alternate translation: “what he says” | |
1521 | 18:7 | iwj7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | A fool’s mouth … with his lips | 0 | Both of these phrases refer to what a fool says. Alternate translation: “What a fool says … by what he says” | |
1522 | 18:7 | v6hu | is his ruin | 0 | Alternate translation: “will ruin him” | ||
1523 | 18:7 | e4r4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | he ensnares himself | 0 | This speaks of the man causing problems and trouble for himself as if he were trapping himself like a man traps an animal. Alternate translation: “he will cause problems for himself” | |
1524 | 18:8 | iu3y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | The words of a gossip are like delicious morsels | 0 | This speaks of the words of a gossip being desirable to listen to as if they were delicious food to eat. Alternate translation: “The words of a gossip are desirable to listen to” or | |
1525 | 18:8 | vd95 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-possession | The words of a gossip | 0 | This refers to what a gossiping person says. Alternate translation: “The words that a gossiping person speaks” | |
1526 | 18:8 | lms4 | morsels | 0 | small bites of food | ||
1527 | 18:8 | mr15 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | they go down into the inner parts of the body | 0 | This speaks of the words of a gossip going into a person’s mind and affecting his thoughts as if they were food that was going into his stomach. Alternate translation: “and they enter a person’s mind and affect his thoughts” | |
1528 | 18:9 | uih2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | one who is slack in his work is a brother to the one who destroys | 0 | This speaks of the one who is slack being similar to the one who destroys as if they were actually related. Alternate translation: “is closely related to” or “is very similar to” | |
1529 | 18:9 | i66j | is slack | 0 | Alternate translation: “is lazy” or “is not interested” | ||
1530 | 18:9 | mch5 | the one who destroys the most | 0 | Alternate translation: “the one who destroys everything” or “the one who is always destructive” | ||
1531 | 18:10 | ktq8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | The name of Yahweh is a strong tower | 0 | This speaks of Yahweh protecting his people as if he were a strong tower in which they could take refuge. Alternate translation: “Yahweh protects like a strong tower” or “Yahweh protects his people like a strong tower” | |
1532 | 18:10 | f4nm | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | The name of Yahweh | 0 | Here Yahweh is referred to by his name. Alternate translation: “Yahweh” | |
1533 | 18:10 | dtz5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | the righteous | 0 | This refers to righteous people. Alternate translation: “those who are righteous” or “righteous people” | |
1534 | 18:10 | gkx2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | runs into it and is safe | 0 | This speaks of people seeking safety from Yahweh and Yahweh protecting them as if he were a strong tower that they ran into for safety. Alternate translation: “run to him and they are safe” or “seek him and they are safe” | |
1535 | 18:11 | vhu8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | The wealth of the rich is his fortified city | 0 | This speaks of a rich person depending on his wealth as if his wealth were a fortified wall that protects him. Alternate translation: “The wealthy person depends on his wealth as a city depends on its fortified wall” | |
1536 | 18:11 | bgq7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | the rich | 0 | This refers to people who are rich. Alternate translation: “the rich person” | |
1537 | 18:11 | tz4b | fortified city | 0 | a city with strong defenses like walls and towers | ||
1538 | 18:11 | kei5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | in his imagination it is like a high wall | 0 | This speaks of the rich person believing his wealth will keep him safe like a high wall keeps those inside a city safe. Alternate translation: “he thinks it protects him as well as a high wall” | |
1539 | 18:12 | r28e | Before his downfall a person’s heart is proud | 0 | Alternate translation: “First a person’s heart is proud, but then comes his downfall” | ||
1540 | 18:12 | uet1 | downfall | 0 | This refers to a significant decline in a person’s reputation or health. | ||
1541 | 18:12 | t2l5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | a person’s heart | 0 | Here a person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his thoughts and feelings. Alternate translation: “a person” | |
1542 | 18:12 | dy4x | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | humility comes before honor | 0 | The word “humility” may be expressed as an adjective and the word “honor” may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “a person must be humble before he can be honored” | |
1543 | 18:13 | cj6q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | it is his folly and shame | 0 | The abstract nouns “folly” and “shame” may be expressed as adjectives. Alternate translation: “it is foolish of him, and he should be ashamed” | |
1544 | 18:14 | jnm1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | A person’s spirit will survive sickness | 0 | Here a person is referred to by his spirit to emphasize his attitude. Alternate translation: “A person who is hopeful will survive sickness” or “If a person is full of hope in his inner being, he will survive being sick” | |
1545 | 18:14 | v3f4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | but a broken spirit who can bear it? | 0 | This is a rhetorical question, expecting the answer that few can bear it. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “but it is very hard to bear a broken spirit.” | |
1546 | 18:14 | b1vb | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | a broken spirit | 0 | This refers to being depressed. Alternate translation: “being depressed” | |
1547 | 18:15 | e4fm | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | The heart of the intelligent acquires | 0 | Here the intelligent person is referred to by his heart to emphasize his desires. Alternate translation: “The intelligent desire to acquire” | |
1548 | 18:15 | p7l8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | the intelligent | 0 | This refers to people who are intelligent. Alternate translation: “those who are intelligent” or “intelligent people” | |
1549 | 18:15 | ptl8 | acquires | 0 | Alternate translation: “gains” or “obtains” | ||
1550 | 18:15 | xwh7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | the hearing of the wise seeks it out | 0 | Here the wise person is referred to by his hearing to emphasize what he desires to listen to. Alternate translation: “the wise seeks to learn about it” | |
1551 | 18:15 | a1ba | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | the wise | 0 | This refers to people who are wise. Alternate translation: “those who are wise” or “wise people” | |
1552 | 18:15 | enq3 | seeks it out | 0 | Here the word “it” refers to “knowledge” | ||
1553 | 18:16 | zkj3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | may open the way | 0 | Here to “open the way” means to create an opportunity. Alternate translation: “may create an opportunity for him” | |
1554 | 18:16 | wr8f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | bring him before | 0 | This means to be allowed to see someone. Alternate translation: “let him meet” or “let him be introduced to” | |
1555 | 18:17 | ct71 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal | The first to plead his case | 0 | This refers to the person who pleads his case before his opponent pleads his case. Alternate translation: “The first person to plead his case” or “The person who pleads his case first” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1556 | 18:18 | qs89 | Casting the lot | 0 | Alternate translation: “Casting lots” | ||
1557 | 18:18 | n3hk | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | separates strong opponents | 0 | This refers to people who are fighting harshly over a dispute. When they are separated, they are no longer fighting over their dispute. Alternate translation: “causes opponents to stop fighting over their dispute” | |
1558 | 18:19 | dcj5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | An offended brother is harder to be won than a strong city | 0 | This speaks of the difficulty of making peace with a brother you have offended by comparing it to the difficulty of winning a war against a strong city. Alternate translation: “If you offend your brother, finding a way to have peace with him again may be harder than waging a battle to win a city” | |
1559 | 18:19 | zq5y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | quarreling is like the bars of a castle | 0 | This speaks of the difficulty of resolving quarreling by comparing it to the difficulty of breaking down the bars of a castle. Alternate translation: “resolving quarreling is as difficult as breaking down the bars of a castle” | |
1560 | 18:19 | ef13 | castle | 0 | a fortified palace | ||
1561 | 18:20 | qaf4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | From the fruit of his mouth one’s stomach is filled; with the harvest of his lips he is satisfied | 0 | These two lines have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize what is said. They can be combined. Alternate translation: “A person is satisfied by the results of the good things that he says” | |
1562 | 18:20 | h4tr | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | the fruit of his mouth | 0 | This speaks of the good things that a person says as if they were fruit that came from his mouth. Alternate translation: “his wise speech” or “his good words” | |
1563 | 18:20 | p1z6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | one’s stomach is filled | 0 | This speaks of a person being satisfied or content by the result of what they have said as if they had eaten and become satisfied” Alternate translation: “a person is satisfied” | |
1564 | 18:20 | r4ee | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | the harvest of his lips | 0 | This speaks of the good things that a person says as if they were fruit that is harvested. Alternate translation: “his wise speech” or “his good words” | |
1565 | 18:20 | x66t | he is satisfied | 0 | Alternate translation: “he is pleased” | ||
1566 | 18:21 | flt4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | Death and life are controlled by the tongue | 0 | This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “The tongue can lead to life of death” or “What people say can lead to life or death” | |
1567 | 18:21 | n65f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | by the tongue … love the tongue | 0 | Here the “tongue” refers to speech. Alternate translation: “by what people say … love speaking” | |
1568 | 18:21 | l141 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | will eat its fruit | 0 | This speaks of a person receiving the consequence for what he says as if the consequences were fruit that he receives. Alternate translation: “will receive its consequences” | |
1569 | 18:24 | wg3n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | many friends is brought to ruin by them | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “many friends--they will bring him to ruin” or “many friends--his friends will destroy him” | |
1570 | 18:24 | zc7f | comes closer than | 0 | Alternate translation: “is more faithful than” or “stays more loyal than” | ||
1571 | 19:intro | nbz8 | 0 | Proverbs 19 General NotesStructure and formattingChapter 19 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. Special concepts in this chapterThemesThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) | |||
1572 | 19:1 | ev8n | Better is a poor person | 0 | Alternate translation: “It is better to be a poor person” | ||
1573 | 19:1 | bpi4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | who walks in his integrity | 0 | This is an idiom. Here walking refers to living. Alternate translation: “who lives in his integrity” or “who lives an honest life” | |
1574 | 19:1 | wj4i | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | is perverse in speech | 0 | The word “speech” may be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “speaks perversely” or “speaks in an evil way” | |
1575 | 19:2 | u1uj | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | to have desire without knowledge | 0 | This refers to people trying to do something without the knowledge for how to correctly do it. Alternate translation: “to work hard without knowing what you are doing” | |
1576 | 19:2 | f2pu | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | the one who runs too fast misses the path | 0 | This speaks of a person doing something too quickly and making mistakes as if running too quickly and missing the path. Alternate translation: “the one who acts too quickly makes mistakes” or “the one who acts too quickly makes poor choices” | |
1577 | 19:3 | ivv9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | his heart rages | 0 | Here a person is referred to by his “heart” to emphasize his emotions. Alternate translation: “he rages” | |
1578 | 19:4 | q8uv | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | Wealth adds many friends | 0 | This means that a person who is wealthy will have many friends because wealth attracts people. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Those who are wealthy easily find many friends” | |
1579 | 19:4 | v5qy | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | a poor person is separated from his friends | 0 | A poor person is separated from many of his friends because of his poverty. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “poverty causes a person to lose his friends” | |
1580 | 19:5 | l99e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives | A false witness will not go unpunished | 0 | This can be written in positive and active form. Alternate translation: “They will certainly punish a false witness” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1581 | 19:5 | i2ws | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes | he who breathes out lies will not escape | 0 | This means that he will be captured. Alternate translation: “they will capture the one who breathes out lies” | |
1582 | 19:5 | q13j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | breathes out lies | 0 | This is an idiom. Here “breathes” refers to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in Proverbs 6:19. Alternate translation: “constantly lies” | |
1583 | 19:6 | gms6 | a generous person | 0 | someone who often gives away things | ||
1584 | 19:6 | q978 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole | everyone is a friend | 0 | The word “everyone” is an exaggeration. Alternate translation: “it seems that everyone is a friend” or “almost everyone is a friend” | |
1585 | 19:7 | vs3i | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | how much more do his friends who go far away from him! | 0 | This phrase is an exclamation to show that this is more likely than the previous phrase. Alternate translation: “therefore his friends will certainly hate him and go far away from him!” | |
1586 | 19:8 | ll4q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | loves his own life | 0 | Here the person is referred to by his “life” to emphasize himself being alive. Alternate translation: “loves himself” | |
1587 | 19:8 | v9e9 | keeps understanding | 0 | Alternate translation: “has understanding” | ||
1588 | 19:9 | phm9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives | A false witness will not go unpunished | 0 | This can be written in positive and active form. See how you translated this phrase in Proverbs 19:5. Alternate translation: “They will certainly punish a false witness” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1589 | 19:9 | a1nm | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | breathes out lies | 0 | This figure of speech uses “breathes” to refer to lying constantly. See how you translated this phrase in Proverbs 6:19. Alternate translation: “constantly lies” | |
1590 | 19:10 | f4zn | It is not fitting | 0 | Alternate translation: “It is not right” | ||
1591 | 19:10 | pq5q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | much less for a slave | 0 | The words “it is” and “fitting” are understood from the previous phrase. They can be repeated. Alternate translation: “it is much less fitting for a slave” or “it is even worse for a slave” | |
1592 | 19:11 | ah27 | Discretion makes a person slow to anger | 0 | Alternate translation: “A person who has discretion is slow to become angry” | ||
1593 | 19:11 | j1li | Discretion | 0 | This means to know what should be done in a particular situation. See how you translated this word in Proverbs 1:4. | ||
1594 | 19:11 | p96c | it is his glory to overlook | 0 | Alternate translation: “it will bring him glory to overlook” or “others will consider it honorable if he overlooks” | ||
1595 | 19:11 | gc21 | to overlook | 0 | to forget on purpose | ||
1596 | 19:12 | vbv5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | The wrath of the king is like the roaring of a young lion | 0 | Here the lion’s roaring refers to attacking. The wrath of a king is compared to the unpredictable and dangerous attack of a young lion. Alternate translation: “The wrath of the king is as dangerous as the attack of a young lion” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1597 | 19:12 | m29g | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | but his favor is like dew on the grass | 0 | The favor of the king is compared to the refreshing water that appears on grass in the morning. Alternate translation: “but his favor is refreshing like dew on grass” or “but his favor is refreshing like the dew on the ground in the morning” | |
1598 | 19:13 | v325 | is ruin to his father | 0 | Alternate translation: “will ruin a father” | ||
1599 | 19:13 | s1nw | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | a quarreling wife is a constant dripping of water | 0 | This speaks of an annoying wife as if she were the constant dripping of water. Alternate translation: “a quarreling wife is as annoying and distracting as a constant dripping of water” | |
1600 | 19:13 | l7wk | a quarreling wife | 0 | Alternate translation: “an arguing wife” or “a disagreeing wife” | ||
1601 | 19:14 | t54q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | A house and wealth are inherited from parents | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Children inherit a house and wealth from their parents” | |
1602 | 19:14 | csr4 | prudent | 0 | See how you translated this word in Proverbs 12:23. | ||
1603 | 19:14 | jw8q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | a prudent wife is from Yahweh | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh gives a prudent wife” | |
1604 | 19:15 | ye6v | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | Laziness throws a person into a deep sleep | 0 | This speaks of how laziness causes a person to sleep a lot as if laziness forcefully throws the person into sleep. Alternate translation: “Laziness makes a person sleep a lot” or “A lazy person sleeps a lot” | |
1605 | 19:15 | jcb5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | go hungry | 0 | This is an idiom which means to not eat. Alternate translation: “not eat” or “be hungry” | |
1606 | 19:16 | xr2k | the command | 0 | Alternate translation: “the command that he was taught” | ||
1607 | 19:16 | v2yl | guards his life | 0 | Alternate translation: “protects his life” | ||
1608 | 19:16 | ik59 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | his ways | 0 | This is an idiom which refers to how he lives. Alternate translation: “the way that he lives” or “how he lives” | |
1609 | 19:17 | zw6r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | Whoever is kind to the poor lends to Yahweh | 0 | Yahweh considers kindness shown to the poor to be kindness shown to him. One of the ways people are kind to the poor is by giving. Alternate translation: “The person who gives to the poor is giving to Yahweh” | |
1610 | 19:17 | qx9d | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | the poor | 0 | This refers to poor people. Alternate translation: “those who are poor” or “poor people” | |
1611 | 19:18 | nw29 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | while there is hope | 0 | This refers to while the child is young and will still accept discipline and instruction. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “while he is young” or “while he can still be taught” | |
1612 | 19:18 | md5c | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | and do not set your desire on putting him to death | 0 | This could mean: (1) this phrase describes punishing your child. Alternate translation: “but do not punish him so severely that he might die” or (2) this phrase describes what it is like if you do not punish your child. Alternate translation: “for if you do not punish him you are helping him destroy himself” | |
1613 | 19:18 | hky1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | set your desire on putting him | 0 | This idiom means to be determined to cause something to happen. Alternate translation: “be determined to put him” | |
1614 | 19:19 | n85t | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | A hot-tempered person | 0 | This idiom refers to a person who is easily angered. Alternate translation: “A person who does not control his temper” or “A person who becomes angry quickly” | |
1615 | 19:19 | f2vs | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | must pay the penalty | 0 | This refers to the person bearing the consequences for what happens when he gets angry. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “must bear the consequences of his anger” or “must bear the consequences of what he does in his anger” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1616 | 19:19 | s1da | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | if you rescue him | 0 | “if you save him.” This refers to rescuing him when he has acted out of his anger. The meaning of this can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “if you rescue him after he has had an outburst” | |
1617 | 19:19 | dnq3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal | a second time | 0 | “another time” or “again” | |
1618 | 19:20 | gby8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | Listen to advice and accept instruction | 0 | These two phrases mean basically the same and are repeated to emphasize how important it is. | |
1619 | 19:20 | egn7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | Listen to advice | 0 | This is an idiom. Here “listening” does not mean to merely listen, but to learn from the advice you are given and to follow it. Alternate translation: “Pay attention to advice” or “Follow advice” | |
1620 | 19:21 | c7qg | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | in a person’s heart | 0 | Here the “heart” is used to refer to the “mind” to emphasize a person’s desire. Alternate translation: “in a person’s mind” or “that a person desires” | |
1621 | 19:21 | f82d | the purpose of Yahweh | 0 | Alternate translation: “Yahweh’s purpose” or “Yahweh’s plans” | ||
1622 | 19:21 | q568 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | that will stand | 0 | This idiom means to “happen.” Alternate translation: “that will happen” | |
1623 | 19:23 | x7qy | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | Honor for Yahweh leads people to life; anyone who has it will be satisfied | 0 | This means that they will live a long time if they honor Yahweh. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Those who honor Yahweh will live a long time; anyone who honors Yahweh will be satisfied” | |
1624 | 19:23 | h31x | anyone who has it | 0 | Here the word “it” refers to “honor for Yahweh.” | ||
1625 | 19:23 | gyg5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | satisfied and not afflicted by harm | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “satisfied; nothing will harm him” or “satisfied; he will be safe” | |
1626 | 19:24 | wf2e | sluggard | 0 | See how you translated this word in Proverbs 10:26. | ||
1627 | 19:24 | r5yj | buries his hand in the dish | 0 | “dips his hand in the dish” or “puts his hand in his plate.” In the Biblical culture people usually ate with their hands as people do in many cultures today. | ||
1628 | 19:24 | r3ts | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | he will not even bring it back up to his mouth | 0 | He does not bring his hand back to his mouth because he is too lazy. Alternate translation: “but he is too lazy to bring his hand up to his mouth to feed himself” | |
1629 | 19:25 | svj3 | Strike a mocker, and the naive person | 0 | Alternate translation: “If you strike a mocker, the naive person” | ||
1630 | 19:25 | k69j | Strike a mocker | 0 | Alternate translation: “Punish a mocker” | ||
1631 | 19:25 | zh2b | naive person | 0 | Alternate translation: “inexperienced person” or “immature person” | ||
1632 | 19:25 | v49d | prudent | 0 | See how you translated this word in Proverbs 12:23. | ||
1633 | 19:25 | m391 | discipline one who is discerning, and | 0 | Alternate translation: “if you discipline one who is discerning,” | ||
1634 | 19:25 | wwq5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | he will gain knowledge | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word knowledge, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “know.” Alternate translation: “he will know more” | |
1635 | 19:26 | g233 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | brings shame and reproach | 0 | This could mean: (1) he brings it to himself. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to himself” or (2) he brings it to his family. Alternate translation: “brings shame and reproach to his family” | |
1636 | 19:27 | n4av | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | If you cease to hear instruction | 0 | Here “listening and obeying” is spoken of as if it were “hearing.” Alternate translation: “If you stop paying attention to instruction” or “If you stop obeying instruction” | |
1637 | 19:27 | s24z | you will stray from | 0 | Alternate translation: “you will abandon” or “you will turn your back on” | ||
1638 | 19:27 | y3ln | the words of knowledge | 0 | Alternate translation: “knowledge” | ||
1639 | 19:28 | d2w1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | the mouth of the wicked swallows iniquity | 0 | This speaks of how wicked people enjoy doing evil by saying that they swallow iniquity as easily as they swallow food. Alternate translation: “the wicked enjoy doing evil as much as they enjoy eating food” | |
1640 | 19:28 | aq9f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | the mouth of the wicked swallows | 0 | The phrase “the mouth of the wicked” represents wicked people. Alternate translation: “wicked people swallow” or “the wicked swallow” | |
1641 | 19:28 | g9y4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | the wicked | 0 | This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “the wicked person” | |
1642 | 19:29 | d4f3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | Condemnation is ready for mockers and flogging for | 0 | The words “condemnation” and “flogging” may be expressed as verbs. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is ready to condemn mockers and to flog” | |
1643 | 19:29 | ray2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | flogging for the backs of fools | 0 | The words “is ready” are understood from the previous phrase and may be repeated. Alternate translation: “flogging is ready for the backs of fools” or “he is ready to flog the backs” | |
1644 | 19:29 | r21d | flogging | 0 | beating with a whip or stick | ||
1645 | 20:intro | e8g2 | 0 | Proverbs 20 General NotesStructure and formattingChapter 20 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. Special concepts in this chapterThemesThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) | |||
1646 | 20:1 | p893 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | Wine is a mocker and strong drink is a brawler | 0 | These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize the danger of too much alcohol. | |
1647 | 20:1 | v7zx | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | Wine is a mocker | 0 | Here “wine” refers to the person who is drunk with wine. Alternate translation: “A person who is drunk with wine mocks” | |
1648 | 20:1 | qa7m | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | strong drink is a brawler | 0 | Here “strong drink” refers to a person who is drunk with strong drink. Alternate translation: “a person who is drunk with strong drink starts fights” | |
1649 | 20:1 | c6m7 | a brawler | 0 | a person who fights noisily, usually in a public place | ||
1650 | 20:1 | ne6h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | whoever is led astray by drink is not wise | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “whoever drinks until they can no longer think clearly” | |
1651 | 20:1 | g7rv | by drink | 0 | Here “drink” refers to alcoholic drinks | ||
1652 | 20:1 | k4sv | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes | is not wise | 0 | This means the opposite of “wise” which is “foolish.” Alternate translation: “is foolish” | |
1653 | 20:2 | p628 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | The fear of a king is like the fear of a young lion that is roaring | 0 | This compares how people fear a king’s wrath to how they fear a young roaring lion. Alternate translation: “The king’s wrath makes people as afraid as if they were facing a young lion roaring at them” | |
1654 | 20:2 | xa6x | makes him angry | 0 | Alternate translation: “makes the king angry” | ||
1655 | 20:2 | rl5y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism | forfeits his life | 0 | This refers to being killed. “Life” here refers to physical life. Alternate translation: “will die” | |
1656 | 20:3 | ru7h | It is an honor | 0 | “It is honorable.” This means that a person will be honored. | ||
1657 | 20:3 | gf5b | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | every fool jumps into an argument | 0 | This speaks of entering an argument quickly as if the argument were something the fool physically jumped into. Alternate translation: “every fool quickly gets into an argument” or “every fool is quick to join an argument” | |
1658 | 20:4 | cva3 | plow | 0 | to prepare land for planting | ||
1659 | 20:4 | tdr6 | in autumn | 0 | Alternate translation: “during the season for planting crops” | ||
1660 | 20:4 | z5wi | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | but will have nothing | 0 | This means that there will be nothing growing in his field for him to harvest. Alternate translation: “but will have nothing to harvest” | |
1661 | 20:5 | f8de | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | The purpose in a human heart is like deep water | 0 | This speaks of how difficult it is to understand the reasons for a person’s actions by comparing it to the difficulty of reaching the water in a deep well. Alternate translation: “It is as difficult to understand the purpose in the human heart as it is to reach the water in a deep well” or “The purpose of in the human heart is very difficult to understand” | |
1662 | 20:5 | qr3j | someone with understanding | 0 | Alternate translation: “a person who has understanding” | ||
1663 | 20:5 | fk7w | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | will draw it out | 0 | This speaks of figuring out the purpose of the human heart as if it was water being drawn from a deep well. Alternate translation: “will cause the purpose to be known” or “will figure it out” | |
1664 | 20:6 | lmq9 | is loyal | 0 | Alternate translation: “is faithful” or “is trustworthy” | ||
1665 | 20:6 | xut9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | but who can find one who is faithful? | 0 | The implicit answer is “few can find someone like that.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “but few men can find a person who is faithful!” or “but it is hard to find a person who really is faithful!” | |
1666 | 20:7 | s7th | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | walks in his integrity | 0 | Here walking refers to living. See how you translated this phrase in Proverbs 19:1. Alternate translation: “lives by his integrity” or “lives an honest life” | |
1667 | 20:7 | y2ed | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | his sons who follow after him | 0 | This simply means that they “follow after him” since they are younger than he and his children. If this phrase is awkward in your language it may be left to be implied. Alternate translation: “his sons after him” or “his sons” | |
1668 | 20:8 | j9up | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | is winnowing with his eyes all the evil that is before him | 0 | This speaks of the king judging between various types of evil as if he were separating them as a person winnows grain. Alternate translation: “sees and sorts the different kinds of evils that are brought before him” | |
1669 | 20:9 | p5m8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Who can say, “I have kept my heart pure; I am clean from my sin”? | 0 | The implicit answer to this question is, “No one can say that.” This rhetorical question can be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “No one can say that his heart is clean and that he is free from sin” | |
1670 | 20:9 | s43m | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | my heart | 0 | Here a person’s “heart” refers to his thoughts and desires. Alternate translation: “my thoughts” | |
1671 | 20:9 | d5hx | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | clean | 0 | A person who God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if the person where physically clean. | |
1672 | 20:9 | xb5x | I am clean from my sin | 0 | Alternate translation: “I am without sin” or “I have not sinned” | ||
1673 | 20:11 | yym3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | Even a youth is known by his actions | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People know a young man by his actions” | |
1674 | 20:11 | m4db | whether his conduct is pure and upright | 0 | Alternate translation: “whether his conduct is pure and upright or not” | ||
1675 | 20:11 | xm83 | his conduct | 0 | Alternate translation: “his deeds” or “what he does” | ||
1676 | 20:11 | we5b | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet | pure and upright | 0 | These two words basically mean the same thing and emphasize how good this young person is. They can be combined into one word if necessary. Alternate translation: “pure” | |
1677 | 20:13 | h9et | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | come to poverty | 0 | The phrase “come to” here means to transition into a new situation; to become. Alternate translation: “become poor” | |
1678 | 20:13 | ee3x | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | open your eyes | 0 | Here “opening one’s eyes” is spoken of as “being awake.” Alternate translation: “stay awake” or “be alert” | |
1679 | 20:14 | zh4l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | “Bad! Bad!” says the buyer, but when he goes away he boasts | 0 | Here a buyer is criticizing what someone is selling to get a low price from him. After he buys he boasts about the good price that he pursuaded the seller to give him. The full meaning of this can be made clear. Alternate translation: “‘Bad! Bad!’ says the buyer criticizing the seller’s wares, but after he buys he goes away he boasting about the low price that he paid” | |
1680 | 20:15 | cv2k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | lips of knowledge are a precious jewel | 0 | This speaks of the value of lips of knowledge by comparing them to a precious jewel. Alternate translation: “lips of knowledge are as valuable as an expensive jewel” | |
1681 | 20:15 | tt4d | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | lips of knowledge | 0 | Here “words” are referred to as “lips.” Alternate translation: “wise words” or “words of knowledge” | |
1682 | 20:16 | sn35 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | Take a garment of one who has put up security for a stranger | 0 | When lending money, the lender would take something from the borrower, such as a garment, as a guarantee of repayment. He would return it after the money was repaid. If the borrower was too poor, someone else could give something to the lender as a guarantee for him. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “Take a garment as security from the one who guarantees that what a stranger has borrowed will be paid back” | |
1683 | 20:16 | cv1m | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | puts up security | 0 | This is an idiom. It means that someone gives something to a lender as a guarantee that what was borrowed will be paid. Alternate translation: “guarantees that what has been borrowed will be paid back” or “promises to pay a loan” | |
1684 | 20:16 | e647 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | hold it in pledge | 0 | This is an idiom. To “hold something in pledge” means to hold on to something that someone has given as a pledge, or promise, that he will pay a debt. Alternate translation: “hold onto his coat as a guarantee of repayment” | |
1685 | 20:17 | zi4r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | Bread gained by deceit | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Bread that someone gained by deceit” | |
1686 | 20:17 | gjt2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | by deceit | 0 | The word “deceit” can be expressed as a verb. Alternate translation: “by deceiving others” | |
1687 | 20:17 | lnt5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | Bread | 0 | Here “bread” refers to food in general. Alternate translation: “Food” | |
1688 | 20:17 | fz1i | tastes sweet | 0 | Alternate translation: “tastes good” | ||
1689 | 20:17 | tu5a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | but afterward his mouth will be full of gravel | 0 | This speaks of the food tasting unpleasant as if his mouth were actually full of gravel instead of food. Alternate translation: “but afterwards it tastes like gravel in his mouth” or “but soon it tastes like sand in his mouth” | |
1690 | 20:17 | du9w | gravel | 0 | small pieces of rock | ||
1691 | 20:18 | mjl4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | Plans are established by advice | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “People establish plans based on advice” | |
1692 | 20:19 | i4ch | A gossip | 0 | This means someone who gossips a lot. | ||
1693 | 20:19 | i2mb | you should not associate with | 0 | Alternate translation: “you should not be friends with” | ||
1694 | 20:20 | v9ff | If a person curses | 0 | This means if a someone express a desire that bad things will happen to someone else. | ||
1695 | 20:20 | el23 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | his lamp will be snuffed out in the middle of darkness | 0 | This speaks of a person dying suddenly and unexpectedly as if his life were a lamp snuffed out in the dark. Alternate translation: “his life will end as suddenly as the light of a lamp that is snuffed out in the dark” or “he will die suddenly” | |
1696 | 20:20 | e6a4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | his lamp will be snuffed out | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “his lamp will go out” | |
1697 | 20:20 | un31 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | his lamp | 0 | This refers to a lamp with a burning flame. Here the lamp’s flame is referred to as the lamp itself. Alternate translation: “the flame of his lamp” | |
1698 | 20:20 | a13a | snuffed out | 0 | to cause a flame to go out | ||
1699 | 20:21 | mk5b | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | at the beginning | 0 | This refers to a person receiving his inheritance before he is supposed to receive it. The full meaning of this statement can be made clear. Alternate translation: “before the right time” | |
1700 | 20:22 | pj94 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | I will pay you back | 0 | This means to do wrong to someone because they have done wrong to you. Alternate translation: “I will punish you” | |
1701 | 20:22 | ti5g | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | Wait for Yahweh | 0 | This means to have faith that Yahweh will deal with the situation. Alternate translation: “Have faith in Yahweh” or “Hope in Yahweh” | |
1702 | 20:23 | x2rc | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | Yahweh hates unequal weights and dishonest scales are not good | 0 | These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are combined to emphasize how bad this is. | |
1703 | 20:24 | re6n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | A person’s steps are directed by Yahweh | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “Yahweh directs a person’s steps” | |
1704 | 20:24 | i9ej | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | A person’s steps | 0 | This refers to the various things a person does. Alternate translation: “A person’s actions” | |
1705 | 20:24 | mfy9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | how then can he understand his way? | 0 | The implicit answer is that he cannot understand it. This rhetorical question may be written as a statement. Alternate translation: “therefore, a person cannot understand his way” | |
1706 | 20:24 | s44t | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | understand his way | 0 | This is an idiom. The phrase “his way” refers to the person’s life. Alternate translation: “understand why some things happen in his life” | |
1707 | 20:25 | qfw5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | It is a snare | 0 | This speaks of something being dangerous as if it were a trap or a snare. Alternate translation: “It is dangerous” | |
1708 | 20:25 | x37x | to say rashly | 0 | to say something quickly and without careful consideration of what it might mean | ||
1709 | 20:25 | tt8z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | making his vow | 0 | The person has made a vow declaring that something is holy and dedicated to Yahweh. Alternate translation: “dedicating it to Yahweh” or “declaring it holy” | |
1710 | 20:26 | cgd9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | winnows the wicked | 0 | This speaks of the king separating the wicked people as if they were grain that he was winnowing. Alternate translation: “separates the wicked” | |
1711 | 20:26 | m44h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | the wicked | 0 | This refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “those who are wicked” or “the wicked people” | |
1712 | 20:26 | rs2y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | he turns a threshing wheel over them | 0 | This speaks of the king punishing the wicked as if he were driving a threshing wheel over them. Alternate translation: “he severely punishes them” | |
1713 | 20:26 | sy6b | threshing wheel | 0 | “threshing cart.” This is a tool used to crush grain and help separate it from the chaff. | ||
1714 | 20:27 | x5vx | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | The spirit of a person is the lamp of Yahweh, searching all his inmost parts | 0 | This speaks of a person’s spirit as if it were a lamp. A person’s spirit helps him to understand his inner self. Alternate translation: “Yahweh has given us a spirit to understand our deepest selves, just as a lamp makes you see in the dark” | |
1715 | 20:28 | f9he | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness preserve the king | 0 | The abstract nouns “faithfulness” and “trustworthiness” can be stated as “faithful” and “trustworthy.” This can also be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “The king preserves himself by being trustworthy and faithful to the covenant” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1716 | 20:28 | dyd6 | preserve the king | 0 | keep the king safe from harm | ||
1717 | 20:28 | dym8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | his throne is made secure by love | 0 | Here “throne” represents the king’s power to rule. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word love, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Also, If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a king ensures that he will rule for a long time by loving others” (See also: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1718 | 20:30 | g7u1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | Blows that make a wound cleanse away evil and beatings make the innermost parts clean | 0 | Both statements mean the same thing and are repeated for emphasis. Using physical punishment to correct a person is spoken of as if the evil were dirt and the beatings cleansed him. Alternate translation: “Beating a person who has done wrong will correct him and cause him to be a better person” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1719 | 21:intro | ge8s | 0 | Proverbs 21 General NotesStructure and formattingChapter 21 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. Special concepts in this chapterThemesThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) | |||
1720 | 21:1 | w5md | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | The king’s heart is a stream of water in the hand of Yahweh | 0 | The writer speaks of the king’s heart as if it were an irrigation ditch in a dry area through which people direct water to plants that need it. Alternate translation: “Yahweh controls the king’s heart as a man directs water for irrigation” | |
1721 | 21:1 | t1m8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | The king’s heart | 0 | The heart is a metaphor for what a person thinks and what he wants to do. Alternate translation: “The king’s thoughts and actions” or “What the king thinks and what he wants to do” | |
1722 | 21:2 | yz3c | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | Every person’s way is right in his own eyes | 0 | The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. The writer speaks of what a person does as if it that person were walking down a path. Alternate translation: “Every person thinks that what he does is good” or “Every person judges what he does as good” | |
1723 | 21:2 | xmb4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | who weighs the hearts | 0 | The writer speaks of Yahweh deciding whether a person desires to do what is right as if Yahweh were looking at a physical object and deciding whether it is of good quality. Alternate translation: “who will judge the motives” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1724 | 21:3 | qs6t | To do what is right | 0 | Alternate translation: “To do what Yahweh thinks is right” | ||
1725 | 21:3 | ezq6 | To do what is … just | 0 | Alternate translation: “To treat people the way Yahweh wants people to treat other people” | ||
1726 | 21:3 | f31f | just is more acceptable to Yahweh | 0 | Alternate translation: “just—Yahweh wants this more” | ||
1727 | 21:4 | ps7v | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | Haughty eyes and a proud heart | 0 | The words “eyes” and “heart” are synecdoches for a person who considers himself better than other people and wants other people to know it. Alternate translation: “People who want others to think that they are better than other people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]) | |
1728 | 21:4 | xvr4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | Haughty eyes | 0 | This is a synecdoche for a person who wants others to know that he thinks he is better than they are. | |
1729 | 21:4 | gk4s | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | proud heart | 0 | This is a synecdoche for a person who thinks he is better than others. | |
1730 | 21:4 | y68u | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | the lamp of the wicked | 0 | The things that help the wicked are spoken of as a lamp. Alternate translation: “the things that help a wicked person like a lamp helps to see in the dark” | |
1731 | 21:5 | mmd8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | the diligent | 0 | This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “a diligent man” or “a man who works hard” | |
1732 | 21:5 | xi4l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | comes only to poverty | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word poverty, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “only becomes poor” | |
1733 | 21:6 | vsi8 | Acquiring riches | 0 | Alternate translation: “Gaining wealth” | ||
1734 | 21:6 | bc5d | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | a lying tongue | 0 | The tongue is a metonym for the words a person uses the tongue to speak. Alternate translation: “speaking lies” | |
1735 | 21:6 | w3kd | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | a fleeting vapor | 0 | The writer likens the riches a person gains by lying to a mist that quickly goes away in the morning. Alternate translation: “a disappearing mist” | |
1736 | 21:6 | l9ag | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | a snare that kills | 0 | The writer speaks of the riches that a person gains by lying as if it were the bait in a hunter’s trap; the word “snare” is a metonym for the bait that attracts the animal into the snare. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1737 | 21:7 | zn7h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | The violence of the wicked will drag them away | 0 | The writer speaks as though violence were a person who could drag other people away. God will punish wicked people who harm their innocent neighbors. | |
1738 | 21:7 | ce4f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | violence of the wicked | 0 | Here, violence refers to violent deeds or things people do to harm their innocent neighbors. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word violence, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. The word wicked is a nominal adjective that refers to wicked people. Alternate translation: “The violent actions of wicked people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1739 | 21:7 | i5j5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | drag them away | 0 | This phrase refers to dragging a net through water to catch fish. The wicked being destroyed by their own actions is spoken of as if their actions trapped them in a net like one would catch fish. AT “drag them away like fish” or “destroy them as easily as one catches fish in a net” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1740 | 21:8 | qgr2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | The way of a guilty person is crooked | 0 | This compares the way one lives to a crooked road one may travel. This is also an idiom. Alternate translation: “The way a guilty person lives is crooked” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1741 | 21:8 | y9c2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | crooked | 0 | Here “crooked” means bent or not straight. This is a metaphor for morally wrong. Alternate translation: “wrong” | |
1742 | 21:9 | gff3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | a corner of the roof | 0 | Houses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof. | |
1743 | 21:9 | j9e1 | quarrelsome wife | 0 | Alternate translation: “wife who often argues and complains” | ||
1744 | 21:10 | x3rs | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | The appetite of the wicked craves evil | 0 | The writer speaks of a person’s appetite, the physical desire for food and drink, as if it were a person who could desire something. The word “wicked” is a nominal adjective that refers to evil people, and the word “evil” is a nominal adjective that refers to evil deeds. Alternate translation: “Evil people desire to do evil deeds just as they desire to eat and drink” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1745 | 21:10 | a2dz | craves | 0 | desires strongly | ||
1746 | 21:10 | d5qd | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | his neighbor finds no favor in his eyes | 0 | The idiom to “find favor” means to have someone approve of and act kindly towards the one who finds favor. Also, the eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents a person’s thoughts and attitude towards another person. Alternate translation: “his neighbor does not receive favor from him” or “he does not act kindly towards his neighbor” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1747 | 21:11 | rd8s | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | When the mocker is punished | 0 | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “When someone punishes the mocker” | |
1748 | 21:11 | a11r | the naive | 0 | Alternate translation: “those who have no experience” or “those who are not mature” | ||
1749 | 21:11 | a6a5 | the mocker | 0 | Alternate translation: “the person who mocks others” | ||
1750 | 21:11 | m512 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | when the wise person is instructed | 0 | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “when someone instructs the wise person” | |
1751 | 21:11 | ylu9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | lays hold of knowledge | 0 | Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that someone could grasp and keep for himself. | |
1752 | 21:12 | t3bj | The righteous | 0 | This could mean: (1) any righteous person or (2) “Yahweh the one who is righteous.” | ||
1753 | 21:12 | bc3u | watches the house | 0 | Alternate translation: “pays careful attention to the house” “looks to see what happens to the house” | ||
1754 | 21:12 | tem1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | he brings wicked people to disaster | 0 | Here disaster is spoken of as if it were a place that someone could be brought to. Alternate translation: “he destroys them” | |
1755 | 21:13 | uc5n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | The one who shuts his ears to the cry of the poor | 0 | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “The one who will not listen when poor people ask for help” | |
1756 | 21:13 | iv38 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | he will not be answered | 0 | The word “answered” is a metonym for a person hearing another person ask for help and acting to help. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will do anything to help him” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1757 | 21:14 | h1vz | appeases anger | 0 | Alternate translation: “makes an angry person feel better so he is no longer angry” | ||
1758 | 21:15 | p2ln | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | When justice is done | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word justice, you could express the same idea with a noun phrase. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “When rulers do what is just” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1759 | 21:16 | cj4z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | wanders from the way of understanding | 0 | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “no longer lives wisely” | |
1760 | 21:16 | t6m2 | he will rest in the assembly of the dead | 0 | Alternate translation: “he will remain in the assembly of dead spirits” | ||
1761 | 21:18 | mh2v | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | is ransom for | 0 | The word “ransom” is a metaphor for one person who takes the place of another person. Here the person who does what is wrong is punished instead of the person who does what is right. | |
1762 | 21:18 | qt7k | the treacherous | 0 | a person who harms those who trust him by lying and otherwise dealing falsely | ||
1763 | 21:18 | n28n | upright people | 0 | Alternate translation: “righteous people” or “honest people” or “just people” | ||
1764 | 21:20 | r84p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | wise | 0 | This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “wise person” | |
1765 | 21:20 | nw25 | swallows it all up | 0 | Alternate translation: “uses it all for no good purpose” or “wastes it” | ||
1766 | 21:22 | d84j | scales the city | 0 | Alternate translation: “climbs up and over the wall that surrounds the city” | ||
1767 | 21:22 | v5jk | the city of the mighty ones | 0 | Alternate translation: “a city in which mighty men are living” or “a city of mighty warriors” | ||
1768 | 21:22 | p6cm | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | he brings down | 0 | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he destroys” | |
1769 | 21:22 | w292 | the stronghold in which they trusted | 0 | Alternate translation: “the walls and towers around the city that they did not think anyone would be able to get past into the city, so they felt safe” | ||
1770 | 21:23 | xw3q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet | Whoever guards his mouth and tongue | 0 | Both “mouth” and “tongue” refer to what a person says. Alternate translation: “Whoever is careful in what he says” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
1771 | 21:24 | c77j | The proud and haughty person … acts with arrogant pride | 0 | Alternate translation: “You can expect a proud and haughty people to act with arrogant pride” | ||
1772 | 21:24 | m76a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet | proud and haughty | 0 | These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how prideful the person is. | |
1773 | 21:24 | rf25 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | “Mocker” is his name | 0 | The word “name” is a metonym for what people would call him. Alternate translation: “a mocker is what you should call him” | |
1774 | 21:25 | pzb9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | The desire of the lazy kills him | 0 | The writer speaks of what a person wants as if it were a person who could kill a lazy person. Here the lazy person wants to be idle and not work. Alternate translation: “A lazy person only wants to be idle, and because of that he will die” or “A lazy person will die because he does not want to work” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]]) | |
1775 | 21:25 | dt4f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | his hands refuse | 0 | The hand is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “he refuses” | |
1776 | 21:26 | vgt6 | craves | 0 | desires strongly | ||
1777 | 21:26 | es9x | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes | gives and does not hold back | 0 | The phrase “does not hold back” can be stated positively, and what he gives can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “gives everything he should” or “gives generously” | |
1778 | 21:27 | fq9a | The sacrifice of the wicked is detestable | 0 | The writer does not mention Yahweh here, as in Proverbs 15:8, but the reader should understand that it is Yahweh who detests the sacrifice of the wicked. | ||
1779 | 21:27 | l3le | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | the wicked | 0 | The nominal adjective “wicked” can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “the wicked person” or “wicked people” | |
1780 | 21:27 | iy31 | it is even more detestable | 0 | Alternate translation: “Yahweh detests the sacrifice even more” | ||
1781 | 21:28 | h8d4 | will speak for all time | 0 | This is because people will never forget what he said. | ||
1782 | 21:29 | z6tg | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | makes his face hard | 0 | This could mean: (1) “pretends to be courageous” or (2) “will not listen to correction.” | |
1783 | 21:29 | ts1r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | is certain about his ways | 0 | A person’s actions are spoken of as if they were a path upon which the person walks. Alternate translation: “is certain about what he does” or “is confident about what he does” | |
1784 | 21:30 | n8kt | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | There is no wisdom, there is no understanding, and there is no advice that | 0 | The words “there is” are repeated to emphasize the abstract nouns “wisdom,” “understanding,” and “advice.” Yahweh is greater than anything that anyone can know or think or say. Your language may require that you not repeat “there is no.” The abstract nouns can be translated as adjectives or verbs. Alternate translation: “There is no wise person, there is no one who understands anything, and there is no one who tells others what to do who” or “There is no wisdom, understanding, or advice that” | |
1785 | 21:30 | k3pe | stand against Yahweh | 0 | Alternate translation: “defeat Yahweh” or “work against what Yahweh wants to do” or “show that he is right and Yahweh is wrong” | ||
1786 | 21:31 | j1hq | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | The horse is prepared for the day of battle | 0 | These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Soldiers prepare horses for the day of battle” | |
1787 | 21:31 | i6w8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | the day of battle | 0 | The word “day” refers to time that may be longer or shorter than a day. Alternate translation: “when there is a battle” | |
1788 | 22:intro | t5zj | 0 | Proverbs 22 General NotesStructure and formattingChapter 22 ends the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. The second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to the “Wise Men.” The exact identity of the men is unknown. Special concepts in this chapterThemesThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) Important figures of speech in this chapterRhetorical questionsWith this new section of proverbs, the author begins to use many rhetorical questions. The obvious answers should convince the reader. (See: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) | |||
1789 | 22:1 | but9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | A good name is to be chosen over great riches | 0 | These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “A person should choose a good name rather than great riches” | |
1790 | 22:1 | m8c7 | A good name | 0 | Alternate translation: “To have others think that one is a good person” | ||
1791 | 22:3 | nt9p | A prudent man | 0 | “A man who is wise” or “A man who has good sense.” See how you translated “prudent” in Proverbs 12:16. | ||
1792 | 22:3 | cm2a | the naive | 0 | Alternate translation: “the inexperienced and immature” | ||
1793 | 22:5 | e8f6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | Thorns and snares lie in the path of the perverse | 0 | The writer speaks of the way perverse people live as if it were a path on which the perverse will have trouble because of the natural “thorns” and man-made “snares.” | |
1794 | 22:5 | r2h1 | snares | 0 | traps to catch animals | ||
1795 | 22:5 | dku9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | the perverse | 0 | This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “perverse people” | |
1796 | 22:5 | f1ap | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | whoever guards his life | 0 | A person doing what he needs to do so he can live a long time is spoken of as if that person were keeping thieves away from a physical object. Alternate translation: “people who want to live a long time” | |
1797 | 22:6 | je4e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | the way he should go | 0 | How a person lives is spoken of as if it were a path on which he walks. Alternate translation: “how he should live” | |
1798 | 22:7 | dk14 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | borrows … lends | 0 | You may need to make explicit what it is that is borrowed or lent. Alternate translation: “borrows money … lends money” | |
1799 | 22:8 | l36j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | He who sows injustice will reap trouble | 0 | The writer speaks of a ruler or other powerful person treating those less powerful unjustly as if he were planting seeds that will give birth to plants that bring trouble. Alternate translation: “If a person treats those less powerful than he is unjustly, they will cause him trouble later on” | |
1800 | 22:8 | htf6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | the rod of his fury will fade away | 0 | The word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. This could mean: (1) the unjust ruler will lose the power that he had that allowed him to treat other people unjustly or (2) when the people respond to the injustice he had done by harming him, he will have no power to stop them. Alternate translation: “he will no longer have the power that he had used to harm people” | |
1801 | 22:8 | yu9g | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | rod of his fury | 0 | The word “rod” is a metonym for power over other people. The unjust man was harming innocent people as if he were very angry with them. Alternate translation: “the rod he had used as if he were punishing people” or “the power he used to harm others” | |
1802 | 22:8 | kpt4 | will fade away | 0 | The word translated “fade away” is also used of plants drying up. | ||
1803 | 22:9 | nxi8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | The one who has a generous eye will be blessed | 0 | These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who has a generous eye” | |
1804 | 22:9 | zhf7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | one who has a generous eye | 0 | The eye is a metonym for seeing what other people need, and the “generous eye” not only sees but gives what the other people need. The eye is also a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “generous person” or “person who is willing to give things to other people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
1805 | 22:9 | vs46 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | bread | 0 | Since bread was the main food for many people in biblical times, it is often used to refer to food in general. | |
1806 | 22:10 | t6nt | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | disputes and insults will cease | 0 | The abstract nouns “disputes” and “insults” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “people will no longer argue with each other or say things to hurt each other” | |
1807 | 22:11 | xzb6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | loves a pure heart | 0 | It is his own heart that the person wants to be pure. The heart is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “loves having a pure heart” or “wants to be pure” | |
1808 | 22:11 | tlq4 | is gracious | 0 | Alternate translation: “is kind” | ||
1809 | 22:12 | swt2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | The eyes of Yahweh keep watch over | 0 | The eyes are a synecdoche for the person. The writer speaks as if Yahweh had physical eyes like a person. Alternate translation: “Yahweh keeps watch over” or “Yahweh guards knowledge” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
1810 | 22:12 | s2lr | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | keep watch over knowledge | 0 | Keeping watch is s metonym for protecting. Alternate translation: “protect knowledge” | |
1811 | 22:12 | zw3l | he overthrows | 0 | Alternate translation: “he destroys” | ||
1812 | 22:12 | q7yt | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | the treacherous | 0 | The nominal adjective treacherous can be translated as a noun phrase. Translate “treacherous” as in Proverbs 11:3. Alternate translation: “a treacherous person” | |
1813 | 22:13 | jg67 | The lazy person says | 0 | The quote that follows is a lie and an excuse for not working. If your language introduces false statements in a special way, you can use that here. | ||
1814 | 22:14 | eq5h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | The mouth of an adulteress is a deep pit | 0 | The word “mouth” is a metonym for the words that come out of the mouth. The writer speaks of a person being unable to escape having people punish him for evil deeds as if that person had fallen into a hole someone had dug in the ground from which he could not escape. Alternate translation: “The words spoken by an adulteress will draw you in, and it will be as if you have fallen into a deep and dangerous pit” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1815 | 22:14 | xrc5 | an adulteress | 0 | See how you translated this in Proverbs 5:3. | ||
1816 | 22:14 | l326 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | Yahweh’s anger is stirred up | 0 | Here “stirred up” means that his anger increased. Alternate translation: “Yahweh is angry” | |
1817 | 22:14 | fin1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | falls into it | 0 | Adultery is spoken of as if it is something that a person can fall into. Alternate translation: “sins because of the adulteress” | |
1818 | 22:15 | fuj4 | Foolishness is bound up in the heart of a child | 0 | Alternate translation: “The heart of a child is full of foolish things” | ||
1819 | 22:15 | j283 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | the rod of discipline | 0 | The writer speaks of a parent using any form of discipline as if that parent were hitting the child with a wooden rod. | |
1820 | 22:15 | dk18 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | drives it far away | 0 | The writer speaks as if foolishness were a person that another person could use a physical rod to drive away. Alternate translation: “will make a child wise” | |
1821 | 22:16 | w7rc | to increase his wealth | 0 | Alternate translation: “to become richer” or “to gain more money” | ||
1822 | 22:16 | fm7f | gives to rich people | 0 | Alternate translation: “gives money to rich people” | ||
1823 | 22:16 | d4td | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | will come to poverty | 0 | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “will become poor” | |
1824 | 22:17 | nnv4 | 0 | General Information:Verse 17 begins the introduction to a new section of the Book of Proverbs. | |||
1825 | 22:17 | lgs9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | Incline your ear and listen | 0 | Here the word “ear” represents the person who is listening. The writer speaks of listening attentively to someone as if it were leaning forward so that the ear is closer to the one speaking. See how you translated “incline your ear” in Proverbs 4:20. Alternate translation: “Pay attention and listen” or “Listen attentively” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1826 | 22:17 | l38x | the words of the wise | 0 | Alternate translation: “what wise people say” | ||
1827 | 22:17 | pi8n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | apply your heart to | 0 | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “do your best to understand and remember” | |
1828 | 22:17 | i9n2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | my knowledge | 0 | The person speaking is probably the same as the father from Proverbs 1:8. He may be speaking of “the words of the wise” as “my knowledge.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word knowledge, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “know.” Alternate translation: “the knowledge I have, which I am sharing with you” or “what I know” | |
1829 | 22:18 | nl9j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | all of them are ready on your lips | 0 | The person being ready to speak is spoken of as if it were the words that were ready. Alternate translation: “you are able to speak of them at any time” | |
1830 | 22:19 | wr39 | today—even to you | 0 | “today. Yes, I am teaching you,” The speaker is emphasizing that it is the hearer, not someone else whom he is teaching, and he is teaching the hearer because the hearer needs to learn. If it is awkward in your language to emphasize in this way, you can emphasize in another way or the words “even to you” can be left untranslated. | ||
1831 | 22:20 | bb5s | 0 | General Information:These verses continue and end the introduction that began in Proverbs 22:17. | |||
1832 | 22:20 | q77c | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-textvariants | thirty sayings | 0 | Some translations read, “excellent sayings.” | |
1833 | 22:21 | q8xu | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | to teach you … who sent you? | 0 | These words end the rhetorical question that began with the words “Have I not written” in Proverbs 22:20. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. “You need to know that I have written … to teach you … who sent you.” | |
1834 | 22:21 | l5jf | to those who sent you | 0 | This implies that the hearer is or will be one whom others send to gain and bring back information. | ||
1835 | 22:22 | y27s | 0 | General Information:These verses begin the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20). | |||
1836 | 22:22 | aq5t | Do not rob … or crush | 0 | If your language has a way of showing that this is the way one person would speak strongly to another, different from a general rule that people are supposed to obey, you should use it here. | ||
1837 | 22:22 | su1v | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | the poor | 0 | This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “any poor person” or “poor people” | |
1838 | 22:22 | tq59 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | crush | 0 | grind into powder. This is a metaphor for “treat unjustly.” | |
1839 | 22:22 | ws7l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | the needy | 0 | This nominal adjective can be translated as a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “any needy person” or “any person who does not have what he needs to live” | |
1840 | 22:22 | z1ia | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | at the gate | 0 | The place where people bought and sold items and settled legal arguments is used as a metonym for business and legal activity. Alternate translation: “in court” | |
1841 | 22:23 | a2vp | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | Yahweh will plead their case | 0 | The metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will defend the needy from those who oppress them” or “Yahweh will see that the needy receive justice” | |
1842 | 22:23 | m5k2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | he will rob of life those who robbed them | 0 | Yahweh is not a thief, but like a thief he will take life from those who do not choose to give it. Alternate translation: “he will destroy those who oppress poor people” | |
1843 | 22:24 | cpi3 | 0 | General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20). | |||
1844 | 22:24 | w16m | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | someone who is ruled by anger | 0 | someone who is unable to control his anger | |
1845 | 22:24 | cc8z | rages | 0 | shows violent anger | ||
1846 | 22:25 | s2i8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | you will take bait for your soul | 0 | A person who wants to be like an angry person is like an animal taking the bait in a trap. Alternate translation: “you will be like an animal that eats the bait that closes a trap and is unable to escape” | |
1847 | 22:25 | jh2k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | bait for your soul | 0 | The soul is a metonym for the person’s life. Alternate translation: “bait that someone has put out so he can kill you” | |
1848 | 22:26 | ftq6 | 0 | General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20). | |||
1849 | 22:26 | rnd6 | strikes hands | 0 | A person would strike his hand against another person’s hand to bind himself to do what he had agreed to do. Here the speaker warns the hearer not to strike hands as a way to promise to pay off someone’s debts. | ||
1850 | 22:26 | wt7u | in making a pledge | 0 | Alternate translation: “and agree to pay what someone owes to another person” | ||
1851 | 22:28 | tb1b | 0 | General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20). | |||
1852 | 22:28 | g63s | ancient | 0 | very old | ||
1853 | 22:28 | djq5 | boundary stone | 0 | a large stone that shows where one person’s land ends and another person’s land begins | ||
1854 | 22:28 | j4id | fathers | 0 | ancestors | ||
1855 | 22:29 | y4ub | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Do you see a man skilled at his work? | 0 | This rhetorical question is actually a command. Alternate translation: “Think of someone you know who is skilled at his work” | |
1856 | 22:29 | e6ii | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | stand before | 0 | This represents becoming a servant of the important person. Kings and other important people will think so highly of him that they will use his services. | |
1857 | 23:intro | eva7 | 0 | Proverbs 23 General NotesStructure and formattingChapter 23 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter of the book and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs. The second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to general sayings. Special concepts in this chapterThemesThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) | |||
1858 | 23:1 | z181 | 0 | General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20). | |||
1859 | 23:2 | lu62 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole | put a knife to your throat | 0 | Possible meanings of this exaggeration are: (1) “be very careful not to eat too much” or (2) “do not eat anything at all” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]) | |
1860 | 23:3 | zfk9 | Do not crave | 0 | “Do not strongly desire.” See how you translated “craves” in Proverbs 21:9. | ||
1861 | 23:3 | zkz5 | his delicacies | 0 | Alternate translation: “his special and expensive food” | ||
1862 | 23:3 | tjm2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | it is the food of lies | 0 | This is an idiom. “he is giving it to you so he can deceive you” | |
1863 | 23:4 | a4va | 0 | General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20). | |||
1864 | 23:4 | wh19 | Do not work too hard | 0 | Alternate translation: “Do not work so much that you are always tired” | ||
1865 | 23:5 | n9hd | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | light upon it | 0 | land like a bird upon the wealth (verse 4). This is a metaphor for looking at the wealth for a short time. | |
1866 | 23:5 | sp17 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | it will surely take up wings like an eagle and fly off | 0 | A person losing his wealth is spoken of as if the wealth were a bird. Alternate translation: “the wealth will disappear as quickly as an eagle can fly away” | |
1867 | 23:5 | ryq4 | wings like an eagle | 0 | wings like an eagle’s wings | ||
1868 | 23:6 | afl6 | 0 | General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20). | |||
1869 | 23:6 | su9w | do not crave | 0 | “do not strongly desire.” See how you translated “craves” in Proverbs 21:9. | ||
1870 | 23:6 | jtt7 | his delicacies | 0 | “his special and expensive food.” See how you translated this in Proverbs 23:3. | ||
1871 | 23:7 | lbe8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | his heart is not with you | 0 | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “he really does not want you to enjoy the meal” | |
1872 | 23:8 | aw14 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole | You will vomit up the little you have eaten | 0 | This is an exaggeration for wishing one had not eaten anything. Alternate translation: “You will wish that you had not eaten anything” | |
1873 | 23:8 | z3l6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | you will have wasted your compliments | 0 | Compliments are spoken of as if they were valuable objects. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word compliments, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “he will not be happy even if you say good things about him and the food” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1874 | 23:9 | nk6j | 0 | General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20). | |||
1875 | 23:9 | u4q5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | in the hearing of a fool | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word hearing, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “where a fool can hear you” | |
1876 | 23:10 | iha4 | ancient | 0 | very old. See how you translated this in Proverbs 22:28. | ||
1877 | 23:10 | de8r | boundary stone | 0 | This is a large stone to show where one person’s land ends and another person’s land begins. See how you translated this in Proverbs 22:28. | ||
1878 | 23:10 | a9cb | encroach | 0 | This means to slowly take or begin to use land (or some thing) that belongs to someone else. | ||
1879 | 23:10 | n6i1 | orphans | 0 | children whose parents are dead | ||
1880 | 23:11 | p1uf | their Redeemer | 0 | Yahweh | ||
1881 | 23:11 | bgi8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | he will plead their case against you | 0 | The metaphor is of a lawyer defending the needy in front of a judge. Alternate translation: “he will defend the orphans against you” or “he will see that the orphans receive justice and punish you” | |
1882 | 23:12 | w7ey | 0 | General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20). | |||
1883 | 23:12 | pgj6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | Apply your heart to | 0 | This is an idiom. See how you translated this in Proverbs 22:17. Alternate translation: “Do your best to understand and remember” | |
1884 | 23:12 | v2r3 | instruction | 0 | This could mean: (1) “what people who know what is right and what is wrong tell you” or (2) “what people say and do when they correct you.” | ||
1885 | 23:12 | jul6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | your ears | 0 | The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “apply your ears” or “listen carefully” | |
1886 | 23:12 | gn45 | to words of knowledge | 0 | Alternate translation: “to me when I tell you what I know” | ||
1887 | 23:13 | c9zs | 0 | General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20). | |||
1888 | 23:13 | qfa7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | Do not withhold instruction from a child | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word instruction, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Do not neglect to instruct a child” or “Do not refuse to instruct a child” | |
1889 | 23:13 | r8dq | withhold | 0 | refuse to give something that one knows another person needs | ||
1890 | 23:14 | jx2r | rod | 0 | piece of wood | ||
1891 | 23:14 | e27r | It is you who must beat him … and save his soul | 0 | “You are the one who must beat him … and save his soul.” No one else will do it. The hearer is responsible to save the child’s soul from Sheol, and the way to save him is to beat him. | ||
1892 | 23:14 | z89f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | save his soul from Sheol | 0 | If the hearer beats his children with the rod, they will not die young because they have done foolish or evil things. The word “soul” is a metonym for the person. Sheol is the world of the dead; going to the world of the dead is a euphemism for dying. Alternate translation: “you will keep him from the world of the dead” or “you will keep him from dying” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]]) | |
1893 | 23:15 | h5yu | 0 | General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20). | |||
1894 | 23:16 | sij3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | when your lips speak | 0 | “Your lips” means the whole person. Alternate translation: “when you speak” | |
1895 | 23:17 | qz55 | 0 | General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20). | |||
1896 | 23:17 | zgy6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | Do not let your heart envy sinners | 0 | The word “heart” is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “Do not allow yourself to envy sinners” or “Make sure you do not envy sinners” | |
1897 | 23:18 | d3fz | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | your hope will not be cut off | 0 | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will not allow anyone to cut off your hope” or “God will keep the promises he made to you” | |
1898 | 23:19 | qj67 | 0 | General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20). | |||
1899 | 23:19 | f128 | Hear—you!—my son | 0 | “Listen carefully, my son.” The speaker speaks an extra word to make sure the hearer is paying attention. | ||
1900 | 23:19 | jg2g | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | direct your heart in the way | 0 | Deciding to do what is right is spoken of as if one person were showing another person the correct path to follow. Alternate translation: “make sure you do what is wise” | |
1901 | 23:20 | sag8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | gluttonous eaters of meat | 0 | This could mean: (1) “people who eat more meat than they need to” or (2) “meat” represents food in general. Alternate translation: “people who eat more food than they need to” | |
1902 | 23:21 | z3sn | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | slumber will clothe them with rags | 0 | The word “slumber” is an exaggeration for a person spending so much time enjoying food and drink that he does not do necessary work. This activity is spoken of as if it were a parent putting clothes on a child. Alternate translation: “because they spend so much time eating and drinking, they will do no work and so will become poor” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
1903 | 23:22 | bzi7 | 0 | General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20). | |||
1904 | 23:22 | s9it | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes | do not despise | 0 | This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “show respect for” | |
1905 | 23:23 | smm2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | Buy the truth, but do not sell it; buy wisdom, instruction, and understanding | 0 | Another possible meaning is “Buy the truth, and do not sell wisdom, instruction, or understanding.” The words “truth,” “wisdom,” “instruction,” and “understanding” are abstract nouns that are spoken of as if they were physical items that a person can buy and sell in a market. They can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “Do what you need to do so you can know what is true, so you can be wise, so you can learn how to act, and so you can tell good from bad; never think of anything else as more important than these things” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1906 | 23:24 | rzg3 | 0 | General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20). | |||
1907 | 23:24 | qls1 | The father of the righteous person will greatly rejoice, and he who begets a wise child will be glad in him | 0 | Another possible meaning is that the words “he that begets a wise child” explain who “the father of the righteous person” is. Alternate translation: “The father of the righteous person, he who begets a wise child, will greatly rejoice and will be glad in him” | ||
1908 | 23:24 | b6a9 | will be glad in him | 0 | Alternate translation: “will be glad because of him” | ||
1909 | 23:26 | c77m | 0 | General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20). | |||
1910 | 23:26 | ds3t | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | give me your heart | 0 | The word “heart” is a metonym for what a person thinks and decides to do. This could mean: (1) “pay careful attention” or (2) “trust me completely.” | |
1911 | 23:26 | zdk9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | let your eyes observe | 0 | The eyes are a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “observe” or “look carefully at” | |
1912 | 23:27 | b64j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-merism | prostitute … immoral woman | 0 | There are two types of sexually immoral women. The “prostitute” is unmarried, “another man’s wife” is married. Together they form a merism for any kind of sexually immoral woman. | |
1913 | 23:27 | y9ln | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | a prostitute is a deep pit | 0 | The word “pit” is a metaphor for what happens to men who sleep with prostitutes. Alternate translation: “sleeping with a prostitute is like falling into a deep pit” | |
1914 | 23:27 | i17l | prostitute | 0 | Here the word refers to any unmarried woman who engages in sexual activity, not only those who do so for money. | ||
1915 | 23:27 | zt34 | deep pit … narrow well | 0 | These are two places easy to fall into and hard to get out of, the “pit” because it is “deep” and the “well” because it is “narrow.” | ||
1916 | 23:27 | fys1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | an immoral woman is a narrow well | 0 | Doing evil for which one will be punished is spoken of as falling into a narrow place from which one cannot escape. Alternate translation: “Sleeping with another man’s wife is like falling into a narrow well” | |
1917 | 23:27 | ezr3 | well | 0 | a hole in the ground that people have dug to get to water | ||
1918 | 23:28 | x4yu | lies in wait | 0 | stays hidden, ready to attack when a victim approaches | ||
1919 | 23:28 | ll5s | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | the treacherous | 0 | This nominal adjective can be translated as an adjective or verb. Alternate translation: “treacherous people” or “those who harm others by deceiving them” | |
1920 | 23:29 | ek29 | 0 | General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20). | |||
1921 | 23:29 | l7du | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Who has woe? Who has sorrow? Who has fights? Who has complaining? Who has wounds for no reason? Who has bloodshot eyes? | 0 | The writer uses these questions to prepare the reader for the point he is about to make about a particular type of person. He does not expect an answer to each question. Your language may have a different way of introducing a lesson. Alternate translation: “Listen to me while I tell you what kind of person has woe, sorrow, fights, complaining, wounds for no reason, and bloodshot eyes.” | |
1922 | 23:29 | yw3q | bloodshot eyes | 0 | Alternate translation: “eyes red, like the color of blood” | ||
1923 | 23:30 | kqg7 | Those who linger over wine, those who try the mixed wine | 0 | These words answer the questions in verse 29 and describe people who drink too much wine. | ||
1924 | 23:30 | g2tp | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism | linger over wine | 0 | spend much time drinking wine and so drink much wine | |
1925 | 23:30 | t96n | the mixed wine | 0 | This could mean: (1) different wines mixed together or (2) other drinks that are stronger than wine. | ||
1926 | 23:31 | v5x1 | 0 | General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20). | |||
1927 | 23:32 | ip9z | In the last | 0 | Alternate translation: “After you drink it” | ||
1928 | 23:32 | cr4n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | it bites like a serpent … it stings like an adder | 0 | The word “it” refers to “the wine when it is red.” “Bites” and “stings” are metaphors for the way too much wine makes people feel. Alternate translation: “it makes you feel as bad as if a serpent had bitten you or an adder had stung you” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
1929 | 23:32 | q4ct | adder | 0 | a type of poisonous snake | ||
1930 | 23:33 | qfg7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | your heart will utter perverse things | 0 | The “heart” represents the person and emphasize what he thinks and decides to do. Alternate translation: “you will think about and decide to do perverse things” | |
1931 | 23:33 | d1kc | perverse things | 0 | things that God says are morally wrong and bad; things that are wicked | ||
1932 | 23:34 | s7qb | 0 | General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20). It is the continuation of the description of a drunk person. | |||
1933 | 23:34 | q7lv | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | lies on the top of a mast | 0 | The place on the mast where the person lies can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “lies in the basket near the top of a mast” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1934 | 23:34 | lxy2 | mast | 0 | the long wooden pole to which are attached the sails of a sailing ship | ||
1935 | 23:35 | c4na | They hit me, & but I was not hurt. They beat me, but I did not feel it. | 0 | Because the drunk person is not thinking clearly, he is imagining that people are hitting and beating him, yet he feels no pain and cannot remember anything. | ||
1936 | 23:35 | d6ej | When will I wake up? | 0 | The drunk person is wondering when he will be sober again; when the effect of the wine will stop. | ||
1937 | 24:intro | nl8m | 0 | Proverbs 24 General NotesStructure and formattingChapter 24 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter and is mainly filled with short, individual proverbs. The second half of this chapter finishes the section. Special concepts in this chapterLazy man storyUnlike much of Proverbs, verses 30–34 tell a short story about a lazy man, which ends in a very memorable proverb. ThemesThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) | |||
1938 | 24:1 | d1dq | 0 | General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20). | |||
1939 | 24:2 | dw7g | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | their hearts | 0 | The words “their hearts” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “they” | |
1940 | 24:2 | m8px | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | their lips | 0 | The words “their lips” refer to the whole person. Alternate translation: “they” | |
1941 | 24:2 | es5l | talk about trouble | 0 | Alternate translation: “talk about causing harm” or “talk about creating problems” | ||
1942 | 24:3 | f9id | 0 | General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20). | |||
1943 | 24:3 | hiy4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | Through wisdom a house is built | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word wisdom, you could express the same idea with an adjective. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to be wise if they are to build a good house” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1944 | 24:3 | q4cp | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | by understanding it is established | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word understanding, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to understand what is morally good and what is morally bad if they are to establish a house” (See also: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1945 | 24:3 | mq3v | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | it is established | 0 | The word “established” means made stable and strong. The word “house” is a metonym for the family that lives in the house, and the house being physically stable and strong is a metaphor for a family that lives in peace. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1946 | 24:4 | ry4y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | By knowledge the rooms are filled | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word knowledge, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People need to know what is precious and pleasant if they are to fill their rooms” (See also: [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc:///ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1947 | 24:5 | gah6 | 0 | General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20). | |||
1948 | 24:5 | gya2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | warrior of wisdom | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word wisdom, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “wise.” Alternate translation: “wise warrior” | |
1949 | 24:5 | my2f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | a man of knowledge increases his strength | 0 | The abstract nouns “knowledge” and “strength” can be translated as the verb “know” and the adjective “strong.” Alternate translation: “a man who knows many things is stronger because he knows these things” | |
1950 | 24:6 | i9sa | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | by wise direction | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word direction, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “if you have wise people telling you what to do” | |
1951 | 24:6 | e43z | wage your war | 0 | Alternate translation: “fight your war” | ||
1952 | 24:6 | nll1 | advisors | 0 | those who tell government officials what those officials should do | ||
1953 | 24:7 | ten9 | 0 | General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20). | |||
1954 | 24:7 | r9t9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | too high for a fool | 0 | This is an idiom. “too difficult for a fool to understand” | |
1955 | 24:7 | e2pv | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | open his mouth | 0 | The mouth is a metonym for the words that come from the mouth. Alternate translation: “speak” | |
1956 | 24:8 | f77e | 0 | General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20). | |||
1957 | 24:8 | f9l9 | a master of schemes | 0 | one who is skillful at making evil plans. Alternate translation: “a mischievous person” or “a troublemaker” | ||
1958 | 24:10 | xt51 | 0 | General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20). | |||
1959 | 24:10 | dbq1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | your strength is small | 0 | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “you have very little strength” or “you are certainly weak” | |
1960 | 24:11 | t92q | 0 | General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20). | |||
1961 | 24:11 | xc8k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | those who are being taken away | 0 | These words can be translated in active form by using the term “they” which could be anyone, but are probably government officials. Alternate translation: “those whom they are taking away” | |
1962 | 24:11 | n8k2 | taken away | 0 | Another possible meaning is “dragged away.” | ||
1963 | 24:11 | ru95 | staggering | 0 | walking unsteadily and almost falling. This word would also describe the way a person walks when he is being dragged away. | ||
1964 | 24:11 | kl46 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | the slaughter | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word slaughter, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. The writer speaks as if those who take them away think of them as no better than animals. If your language has a word for killing animals that would fit here, you might want to use it. Alternate translation: “where people will kill them as they would kill animals” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1965 | 24:12 | k5el | If you say, “Behold, & this,” does | 0 | The writer is answering something that the reader may wrongly be thinking. Alternate translation: “You may say, ‘Behold, … this,’ but does” | ||
1966 | 24:12 | akd7 | Behold, we | 0 | Alternate translation: “Listen to us! We” or “But we” or “We have done nothing wrong, because we” | ||
1967 | 24:12 | yi61 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | does not the one who weighs the heart understand what you are saying? | 0 | The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “the one who weighs the heart understands what you are saying.” | |
1968 | 24:12 | cx5x | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism | the one who | 0 | The writer expects the reader to know that “the one” is Yahweh. Alternate translation: “Yahweh, who” | |
1969 | 24:12 | zda4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | weighs the heart | 0 | The word “heart” is a metonym for what a person thinks and desires. The writer speaks as if what a person thinks and desires were a physical object that a person could weigh, and weighing an object is a metaphor for looking closely at something to see how good it is. Alternate translation: “knows how good what people really think and desire is” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
1970 | 24:12 | pa6x | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | The one who guards your life, does he not know it? | 0 | The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “The one who guards your life knows it.” | |
1971 | 24:12 | m55q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Will God not give to each one what he deserves? | 0 | The writer assumes the readers know the answer and asks this for emphasis. Alternate translation: “God will give to each one what he deserves.” | |
1972 | 24:13 | q7s6 | 0 | General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20). | |||
1973 | 24:14 | p5t6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | your hope will not be cut off | 0 | This could mean: (1) this is a simple passive that can be translated as in active form. Alternate translation: “no one will take your hope away” or (2) this is litotes that can be translated in positive form. Alternate translation: “your hope will surely continue” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]]) | |
1974 | 24:15 | i96h | 0 | General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20). | |||
1975 | 24:15 | s1ww | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | Do not lie in wait | 0 | The words “lie in wait” are an idiom. Translate “lie in wait” as in Proverbs 1:11. Alternate translation: “Do not hide and wait for the right time” | |
1976 | 24:15 | g6w6 | his home | 0 | the home of the righteous person | ||
1977 | 24:16 | jrm7 | rises again | 0 | Alternate translation: “gets back on his feet” or “stands up again” | ||
1978 | 24:16 | k8ly | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | wicked people are brought down by calamity | 0 | The writer speaks as if “calamity” were a person who could do bad things to other people. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will use calamity to bring down the wicked people” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
1979 | 24:16 | u49k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | are brought down | 0 | This is a metaphor of a person who was standing but someone has brought him down to the ground or made him fall. | |
1980 | 24:16 | ze9b | calamity | 0 | times when bad things happen to people and their property | ||
1981 | 24:17 | rpu6 | 0 | General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20). | |||
1982 | 24:17 | t9ei | your enemy falls | 0 | Alternate translation: “something bad happens to your enemy” | ||
1983 | 24:17 | by2h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | let not your heart be glad | 0 | This is a strong command. The word “heart” represents the person. Alternate translation: “do not allow yourself to be glad” or “stop yourself from being glad” | |
1984 | 24:18 | b18i | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | turn away his wrath from him | 0 | The words “turn away his wrath” are an idiom for no longer being angry. What Yahweh would do instead can be made explicit. Alternate translation: “stop being angry with him and be angry with you instead” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
1985 | 24:19 | yp9l | 0 | General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20). | |||
1986 | 24:20 | mmf6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | the lamp of wicked people will go out | 0 | The lamp is used as a metaphor for life. The life of wicked people will end just as a lamp goes out. | |
1987 | 24:21 | j1fr | 0 | General Information:These verses continue the “thirty sayings” (Proverbs 22:20). | |||
1988 | 24:21 | vvr9 | Fear | 0 | a deep respect and awe for a person in authority | ||
1989 | 24:22 | jzb3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | who knows the extent of the destruction that will come from both of them? | 0 | The writer asks this question to emphasize the disaster. Alternate translation: “no one knows the extent of the destruction that will come from both of them.” | |
1990 | 24:22 | ub7e | both of them | 0 | these words refer to Yahweh and the king | ||
1991 | 24:23 | jq5s | These also are sayings of the wise | 0 | This sentence starts a new collection of proverbs. | ||
1992 | 24:23 | ci6n | a case at law | 0 | a situation that is brought before a judge in which someone is accused of breaking the law | ||
1993 | 24:24 | lma6 | Whoever says to the wicked person, & will be cursed by peoples and hated by nations | 0 | The word “nations” is a metonym for the people who live in the nations. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “People will curse whoever says to the wicked person, … , and the people of other nations will hate him” | ||
1994 | 24:24 | rfb9 | the wicked person … a righteous person | 0 | This could mean: (1) people should never call any wicked person a righteous person or (2) no one should say of a person guilty of a crime that he is innocent. Alternate translation: “a person guilty of a crime … innocent” | ||
1995 | 24:25 | xwv5 | will have delight | 0 | Alternate translation: “will be very happy” | ||
1996 | 24:25 | ufh1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | gifts of goodness will come to them | 0 | Gifts are spoken of as if they were people who could move by themselves. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word goodness, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “people will give them good gifts” (See also: and[[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
1997 | 24:25 | uy7d | gifts of goodness | 0 | Alternate translation: “good things” or “blessings” | ||
1998 | 24:26 | sz6f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | gives a kiss on the lips | 0 | A kiss was a sign of respect and devotion in that culture. Alternate translation: “shows true friendship” | |
1999 | 24:28 | u5rp | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | with your lips | 0 | The lips are a metonym for the words a person speaks. Alternate translation: “by what you say” | |
2000 | 24:29 | cke7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | pay him back | 0 | This is an idiom. “take revenge against him” | |
2001 | 24:31 | w3gw | Thorns | 0 | useless plants with sharp spines | ||
2002 | 24:31 | j4m7 | nettles | 0 | plants that are covered with stinging leaves and hairs | ||
2003 | 24:31 | chw4 | was broken down | 0 | Alternate translation: “had fallen down” | ||
2004 | 24:32 | u9za | received instruction | 0 | Alternate translation: “learned a lesson” | ||
2005 | 24:34 | d7gx | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | and poverty comes | 0 | This finishes a thought begun with the words “A little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to rest” (Proverbs 24:33). You may need to fill in the omitted words. “You may say to yourself, ‘A little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to rest,’ but then poverty will come” | |
2006 | 24:34 | v85w | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | poverty comes marching upon you | 0 | Some translations read, “poverty comes upon you like a robber.” Poverty is spoken of as if it were a person or animal that can attack a lazy person. | |
2007 | 24:34 | zx1y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | your needs like an armed soldier | 0 | Needs are spoken of as if they were a person who could attack the lazy person. Alternate translation: “your needs will come to you like an armed soldier” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]) | |
2008 | 25:intro | l94s | 0 | Proverbs 25 General NotesStructure and formattingChapter 25 begins the second section of the book (Chapter 25–29) which is attributed to Solomon. Special concepts in this chapterThemesThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) | |||
2009 | 25:2 | x2ec | to conceal a matter | 0 | Alternate translation: “to keep some things secret” | ||
2010 | 25:2 | cj4p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | but the glory | 0 | The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “but it is the glory” | |
2011 | 25:2 | dg6e | search it out | 0 | Alternate translation: “search that matter out” or “search for those things that God has concealed” | ||
2012 | 25:3 | jtp4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | Like the heavens are for height and the earth is for depth, so the heart of kings is unsearchable | 0 | The hearts of kings are compared to the size of the heavens and the earth. Alternate translation: “Just as no one can measure the height of the heavens or the depth of the earth, even so no one can understand the heart of kings” | |
2013 | 25:3 | b947 | heavens | 0 | This refers to everything we see above the earth, including the sun, moon, and stars. | ||
2014 | 25:4 | jgm1 | dross | 0 | the material in a metal that people do not want and they remove by heating the metal | ||
2015 | 25:5 | vvu5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | his throne will be established by doing | 0 | The throne is a metonym for the power to rule. These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the king will establish his throne by doing” or “he will have the power to rule because he does” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2016 | 25:7 | w69g | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | It is better for him to say to you, “Come up here,” than | 0 | Here “up” means to move to a place at the table that is closer to the king. It is a great honor for a person to sit closer to the king. Alternate translation: “It is better for someone to invite you to sit closer to the king than” | |
2017 | 25:7 | qf2z | before a nobleman | 0 | Alternate translation: “in front of a nobleman” | ||
2018 | 25:8 | t9ug | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | For what will you do in the end when your neighbor puts you to shame? | 0 | This question is asked to make the reader consider the possibility that he may have misunderstood the situation. The way in which the neighbor might put the reader to shame can be stated plainly. Alternate translation: “For you will not know what to do in the end when your neighbor puts you to shame.” or “For if your neighbor has an explanation, he will put you to shame, and you will have nothing to say to defend yourself.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2019 | 25:9 | lgk7 | your case | 0 | Alternate translation: “your disagreement” | ||
2020 | 25:9 | c77l | do not disclose another’s secret | 0 | Alternate translation: “do not share your neighbor’s secret with other people” | ||
2021 | 25:10 | fr3g | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | an evil report about you that cannot be silenced | 0 | Here “evil report” refers to harmful things that the person will tell others. The phrase “cannot be silenced” can be stated in active form. Alternate translation: “you will not be able to stop him from telling other people harmful things about you” or “he will tell people evil things about you and you will never have a good reputation again” | |
2022 | 25:11 | e2ay | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | Apples of gold in settings of silver is a word spoken in the right situation | 0 | The goodness of “a word spoken at the right time” is spoken of as if it were the physical beauty of “apples of gold in settings of silver.” Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Alternate translation: “A word spoken at the right time is beautiful like apples of gold in settings of silver” | |
2023 | 25:11 | sq35 | Apples of gold in settings of silver | 0 | The ancient Israelites did not know the apples that most people know today. This could mean: (1) “apples” should be translated as “design.” Alternate translation: “a golden design carved into a silver bowl” or (2) “apples” refers to another type of fruit with a golden color that someone has placed on a silver plate or bowl. Alternate translation: “Golden colored fruit placed in a silver bowl” | ||
2024 | 25:11 | ptu8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | is a word spoken | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “is a message that someone speaks” | |
2025 | 25:12 | ir54 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | A gold ring or jewelry made of fine gold is a wise rebuke to a listening ear | 0 | The value and importance of “a wise rebuke” is spoken of as if it had the beauty and value of gold. Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Alternate translation: “A wise rebuke to a listening ear is beautiful and valuable like a golden ring or golden jewelry” | |
2026 | 25:12 | i38p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | listening ear | 0 | The ear is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “person who is willing to listen” | |
2027 | 25:13 | tc4q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | Like the cold of snow at harvest time is a faithful messenger | 0 | Here a faithful messenger is being compared to the cold of snow, because both are pleasant. | |
2028 | 25:13 | sxk7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | the cold of snow | 0 | Snow only fell on the tops of mountains, and the harvest took place in hot weather, so this is probably a metaphor for cool, fresh water from a clean stream. If your language has no word for snow, consider “cool, fresh, clean water.” | |
2029 | 25:13 | v57a | snow | 0 | white flakes of ice that fall from the sky like rain | ||
2030 | 25:13 | z9pn | brings back the life of his masters | 0 | This means he makes his masters, who are weak and tired, to be strong and rested again. | ||
2031 | 25:14 | hbd4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | Clouds and wind without rain is the one who boasts … not give | 0 | Most translations translate this metaphor as a simile and change the order of the phrases. Rain was important to the Israelites because only small amounts of it fell, so a cloud without rain was useless and brought disappointment to the Israelites. Alternate translation: “The one who boasts … not give is like clouds and wind without rain” or “The one who boasts … not give is useless and a disappointment, like clouds and wind without rain” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]) | |
2032 | 25:15 | v2wv | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | With patience a ruler can be persuaded | 0 | These words can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Someone who is patient can persuade a ruler” or “Someone who is patient can speak to a ruler and change his mind” | |
2033 | 25:15 | eed7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | a soft tongue can break a bone | 0 | The word “tongue” is a metonym for the words the person speaks using the tongue. The word “bone” is a metaphor for strong opposition. Alternate translation: “gentle speech can overcome strong opposition” | |
2034 | 25:16 | dc7b | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | 0 | General Information:Verse 16 states a general principle, and verse 17 gives one specific example. The idea of eating too much honey and then vomiting it up is a metaphor for taking too much of any good thing and regretting it later. | ||
2035 | 25:18 | r378 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | A man who bears false witness against his neighbor is like a club used in war, or a sword, or a sharp arrow | 0 | A false witness is compared to three weapons that can hurt or kill people. | |
2036 | 25:19 | p8jx | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | An unfaithful man in whom you trust in a time of trouble is like a bad tooth or a foot that slips | 0 | A foolish man is compared to a part of the body that causes trouble for a person. Alternate translation: “Trusting in an unfaithful man in time of trouble will bring you pain like a bad tooth or a foot that slips” | |
2037 | 25:20 | j5q4 | carbonate of soda | 0 | This is a kind of mineral that hisses and bubbles violently when it comes into contact with acids like vinegar. Many translations translate this phrase as “a wound.” | ||
2038 | 25:20 | ef6r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | sings songs | 0 | You may need to make explicit what kind of songs the singer sings. Alternate translation: “sings happy songs” | |
2039 | 25:20 | z9sh | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | a heavy heart | 0 | The heart is a synecdoche for the whole person. Alternate translation: “a sad person” | |
2040 | 25:22 | eb7p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | shovel coals of fire on his head | 0 | This is an idiom. Alternate translation: “cause him to have a guilty conscience and be ashamed of what he has done” | |
2041 | 25:23 | xj7i | the north wind | 0 | In Israel, wind from the north often brought rain. Translators are free to substitute different kinds of wind for the same effect, for example, “a cold wind.” | ||
2042 | 25:23 | z36v | a tongue that tells secrets | 0 | Some versions read “someone who tells secrets.” | ||
2043 | 25:23 | gn4t | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | result in angry faces | 0 | The face is a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “makes other people so angry you can see it in their faces” | |
2044 | 25:24 | siz4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | a corner of the roof | 0 | Houses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof. | |
2045 | 25:24 | urg5 | a quarreling wife | 0 | a wife who often argues or complains | ||
2046 | 25:25 | p4p8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | Like cold waters to one who is thirsty, so is good news from a far country | 0 | Cold water is compared to good news that is both refreshing and delightful. | |
2047 | 25:26 | p3dy | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | Like a fouled spring or a ruined fountain is a righteous person tottering before wicked people | 0 | One expects a spring or fountain to have clear water, just as one expects a righteous man to stand for what he believes. A polluted spring or fountain is compared to a righteous man who falls. | |
2048 | 25:26 | tiq8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | tottering before wicked people | 0 | Tottering is a metaphor for either: (1) refusing to fight wicked people or (2) joining in their wickedness. Alternate translation: “who allows wicked people to do wickedness” or “who starts to do what wicked people do” | |
2049 | 25:26 | fe9h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | tottering | 0 | This is a metaphor for being unable to continue to do good. Alternate translation: “unable to stand” | |
2050 | 25:26 | e13r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | before wicked people | 0 | This could mean: (1) “when wicked people attack him” or (2) “when wicked people urge him to do evil.” | |
2051 | 25:27 | h7jf | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | It is not good to eat too much honey; that is like searching for honor after honor. | 0 | Both wanting others to honor you and eating honey are good, but you can eat too much honey, and you can try too hard to have people honor you. | |
2052 | 25:27 | x6in | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes | It is not good | 0 | This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “It is a bad thing” | |
2053 | 25:27 | ea11 | that is like searching for honor after honor | 0 | The meaning of the original language is uncertain. Some versions of the Bible translate this as “that is like speaking too many compliments to people.” Alternate translation: “that is like always thinking about how others should honor you” | ||
2054 | 25:28 | gl3p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | A person without self-control is like a city breached and without walls. | 0 | Both a person without self-control and a city without walls are weak and vulnerable. | |
2055 | 25:28 | jh45 | breached and without walls | 0 | Alternate translation: “whose walls an army has knocked down and destroyed” | ||
2056 | 26:intro | juh9 | 0 | Proverbs 26 General NotesStructure and formattingChapter 26 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25–29) which is attributed to Solomon. Special concepts in this chapterThemesThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. Wisdom and folly are particularly prominent in this chapter.(See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) | |||
2057 | 26:1 | w8yc | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | Like snow in summer or rain in harvest | 0 | Normally snow does not fall during the summer and rain does not fall during the harvest. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Just as it would be very strange to have snow in summer or rain during the harvest” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2058 | 26:2 | kdg7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | so an undeserved curse does not alight | 0 | A curse that does not harm a person is spoken of as if it were a bird that does not land. Alternate translation: “so an undeserved curse does not land on its mark” | |
2059 | 26:2 | mf19 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | an undeserved curse | 0 | This can be stated with an active form. Alternate translation: “a curse on a person who does not deserve it” | |
2060 | 26:2 | t3fg | alight | 0 | land on someone or something | ||
2061 | 26:3 | v3b7 | A whip is for the horse, a bridle is for the donkey and a rod is for the back of fools | 0 | A whip, a bridle, and a rod are things that people use to make the horse, donkey, and fool do what they want. | ||
2062 | 26:3 | le7r | a bridle is for the donkey | 0 | A bridle is made of straps. People put it on a donkey’s head and hold one of the straps to make the donkey go the way they want it to go. | ||
2063 | 26:3 | q1bg | a rod is for the back of fools | 0 | In the Bible, people would hit their children or their slaves with a wooden rod in order to discipline them. | ||
2064 | 26:5 | rz54 | Answer a fool and join in on his folly | 0 | Joining in on a fool’s folly when answering him represents answering him in a foolish way. Alternate translation: “Answer a fool according to his folly” or “Answer a fool foolishly” | ||
2065 | 26:5 | q48w | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | so he will not become wise in his own eyes | 0 | The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “so that he will not become wise according to his judgement” or “so that he does not consider himself to be wise” | |
2066 | 26:6 | ang1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | Whoever sends a message by the hand of a fool | 0 | Here the hand represents the fool’s responsibility to deliver the message. Alternate translation: “Whoever sends a fool to deliver a message” | |
2067 | 26:6 | ife4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | cuts off his own feet | 0 | Cutting off one’s own feet is an exaggeration for harming one’s self. Alternate translation: “harms himself like a person who cuts off his own feet and drinks violence” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]]) | |
2068 | 26:6 | a1zc | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | drinks violence | 0 | Violence is spoken of as if it were a poisonous liquid that someone might drink. Alternate translation: “harms himself by being violent” | |
2069 | 26:7 | h8yx | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | Like the legs … is a proverb in the mouth of fools | 0 | The phrases can be reordered. Alternate translation: “A proverb in the mouth of fools is like the legs of a paralytic which hang down” or “A proverb in the mouth of fools is as useless as the legs of a paralytic which hang down” | |
2070 | 26:7 | m6mr | a paralytic | 0 | a person who is unable to move or feel all or part of his body | ||
2071 | 26:7 | nq9k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | in the mouth of fools | 0 | Here “mouth” is a metonym for speaking. Alternate translation: “in the speech of fools” or “that fools say” | |
2072 | 26:8 | vhn4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | tying a stone in a sling | 0 | In order to throw a stone very far, people put it into a sling and swing the sling so that the stone will fly from it very quickly. The result of tying a stone in a sling can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “tying a stone in a sling so that it cannot be thrown” | |
2073 | 26:8 | fy3g | giving honor to a fool | 0 | Alternate translation: “honoring a fool” | ||
2074 | 26:9 | l82z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | Like a thorn … is a proverb in the mouth of fools | 0 | How the two are alike can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “A proverb in the mouth of fools is as dangerous as a thorn that goes into the hand of a drunkard” | |
2075 | 26:9 | z794 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | a thorn that goes into the hand of a drunkard | 0 | This could mean: (1) if a drunk person holds a thornbush, a thorn will prick his hand, or (2) if a drunk person is angry, he will pick up a thornbush and swing it at people. For the second meaning, the word “thorn” represents a thornbush. | |
2076 | 26:9 | q3gg | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | in the mouth of fools | 0 | Here “mouth” is a metonym for speaking. Alternate translation: “in the speech of fools” or “that fools say” | |
2077 | 26:10 | lu8m | hires a fool | 0 | Alternate translation: “gives a job to a fool” | ||
2078 | 26:11 | dgd2 | As a dog returns to his own vomit | 0 | Alternate translation: “As a dog eats its own vomit” | ||
2079 | 26:12 | cxr5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Do you see someone who is wise in his own eyes? | 0 | This question is used to lead the reader to think about someone who is wise in his own eyes. The phrase “is wise in his own eyes” means “thinks he is wise,” and here it implies that the person is not truly wise. Alternate translation: “Consider the person who thinks he is wise but is not.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2080 | 26:12 | n43z | There is more hope for a fool than for him | 0 | Alternate translation: “A fool can become wise more easily than he can” | ||
2081 | 26:13 | y1yv | The lazy person says, “There is a lion … between the open places!” | 0 | The lazy person lies and says that he cannot go outside and work because there is a lion on the road or between the open places. | ||
2082 | 26:13 | xyz8 | There is a lion on the road | 0 | See how you translated this in Proverbs 22:13. | ||
2083 | 26:13 | ufn8 | the open places | 0 | This refers to the places in town where there is a lot of room for people to walk around or where people gather. Alternate translation: “the town plazas” or “the streets” | ||
2084 | 26:14 | bfi2 | hinges | 0 | metal pieces that attach a door to something and allow it to open and close | ||
2085 | 26:14 | uv1d | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | As the door turns on its hinges, so is the lazy person upon his bed | 0 | Both the door and the lazy person move, but they do not go anywhere. | |
2086 | 26:15 | j4ce | puts his hand into the dish | 0 | Alternate translation: “puts his hand into the dish to get food” or “reaches for food” | ||
2087 | 26:15 | x6us | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole | he has no strength to lift it up to his mouth | 0 | This is an exaggeration for doing necessary work that would clearly do him good. | |
2088 | 26:16 | e6pb | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | The lazy person is wiser in his own eyes than seven men | 0 | The phrase “his own eyes” represents his thoughts. Alternate translation: “The lazy person thinks he is wiser than seven men” | |
2089 | 26:17 | xh36 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | Like one who takes hold of the ears of a dog, is a passerby who becomes angry at a dispute that is not his own | 0 | This can be reordered. Alternate translation: “A passerby who becomes angry at some other people’s dispute is like a person who grabs hold of a dog’s ears” | |
2090 | 26:17 | z69e | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | Like one who takes hold of the ears of a dog | 0 | The implied information is that the dog will get angry and bite the person. Alternate translation: “Like a person who angers a dog by grabbing its ears” or “Like a person who grabs a dog’s ears and is bitten by the dog” | |
2091 | 26:17 | ul2w | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | is a passerby who becomes angry at a dispute that is not his own | 0 | The implied information is that the passerby will start arguing, and the people who were fighting will get angry with him and hurt him. | |
2092 | 26:19 | kd8e | the one who deceives | 0 | Both the “madman” (Proverbs 26:18) and the one who deceives hurt people but do not take responsibility for it. | ||
2093 | 26:19 | g1qd | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Was I not telling a joke? | 0 | The deceiver uses this question to imply that since he his joke was only for fun, he should not be blamed for any harm he has caused. Alternate translation: “I did nothing wrong. I was only telling a joke.” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2094 | 26:20 | ivv3 | gossiper | 0 | a person who gossips a lot | ||
2095 | 26:21 | l2ug | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | As charcoal is to burning coals and wood is to fire | 0 | What charcoal does to coals and what wood does to fire can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “As charcoal helps coals burn and as wood helps fire burn” | |
2096 | 26:21 | ud8h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | kindling strife | 0 | To kindle something means to set it on fire. Setting strife on fire is a metaphor for causing people to fight or argue. Alternate translation: “causing people to fight” or “causing people to argue” | |
2097 | 26:22 | ye74 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | The words of a gossip are like delicious morsels | 0 | This speaks of gossip being desirable to listen to as if it were delicious food to eat. Alternate translation: “The words of a gossip are desirable to listen to” or | |
2098 | 26:22 | rb3s | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | they go down into the inner parts of the body | 0 | This speaks of the words that a gossip says going into a person’s mind and affecting his thoughts as if they were food that was going into his stomach. This sentence is equivalent to Proverbs 18:8. Alternate translation: “and they enter a person’s mind and affect his thoughts” | |
2099 | 26:23 | i9mz | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | Like the glaze overlaying an earthen vessel so are burning lips and an evil heart | 0 | This simile means that a person who says things to hide the evil in their heart are like a earthen vessel covered in glaze to make it look good. These phrases can be reordered. Alternate translation: “People who have burning lips and an evil heart are like an earthen vessel covered with glaze” | |
2100 | 26:23 | ky5d | the glaze overlaying an earthen vessel | 0 | “the shiny glaze that covers a clay pot.” A clay pot is cheap and common. So people covered it was a glaze to make it shiny and appear more expensive. | ||
2101 | 26:23 | u5wy | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | so are burning lips and an evil heart | 0 | This represents a person who has burning lips and an evil heart. Alternate translation: “so is a person who has burning lips and an evil heart” or “so is a person who says nice things but whose heart is evil” | |
2102 | 26:23 | s94p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | burning lips | 0 | The word “burning” is a metaphor for “strongly emotional” and the word “lips” is a metonym for “speech.” Alternate translation: “emotional speech” or “saying nice things” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2103 | 26:23 | p5hf | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | an evil heart | 0 | The heart represents a person’s thoughts, attitudes, desires, or feelings. Alternate translation: “evil thoughts” or “evil desires” | |
2104 | 26:24 | rhg2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | disguises his feelings with his lips | 0 | Disguising his feelings represents keeping people from knowing what his feelings are. The phrase “his lips” is a metonym for what he says. Alternate translation: “hides his feelings with what he says” or “speaks in such a way that people cannot know his true feelings” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2105 | 26:24 | qu8b | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | he lays up deceit within himself | 0 | Being deceitful is spoken of as if he were storing deceit within himself. Possible meanings are that “deceit” refers to lies. Alternate translation: (1) “he likes his many lies” or (2) deceit refers secret plans to harm people. Alternate translation: “he secretly plans to harm people” | |
2106 | 26:25 | f4gf | but do not believe him | 0 | Alternate translation: “but do not believe what he says” | ||
2107 | 26:25 | q7ln | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | for there are seven abominations in his heart | 0 | The number seven represents completeness. This could mean: (1) “abominations” refers to attitudes that God hates. Alternate translation: “for his heart is completely filled with hateful things” or (2) “abominations” refers to his hatred for people. Alternate translation: “for his heart is completely filled with hatred” | |
2108 | 26:26 | iv6j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | Though his hatred is covered with deception | 0 | This can be stated actively. Alternate translation: “Though deception covers his hatred” or “Though he covers his hatred with deception” | |
2109 | 26:26 | d99d | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | Though his hatred is covered with deception | 0 | Keeping people from knowing that he hates them is spoken of as covering his hatred. Alternate translation: “Though he lies to keep people from knowing that he hates them” or “Though he lies so that people will not know that he hates them” | |
2110 | 26:26 | slh6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | his wickedness will be exposed in the assembly | 0 | Being exposed represents being discovered or becoming known. Alternate translation: “his wickedness will become known in the assembly” or “the assembly will discover his wickedness” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2111 | 26:26 | d2jn | the assembly | 0 | Alternate translation: “the community of Israel” | ||
2112 | 26:27 | sg61 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | Whoever digs a pit will fall into it | 0 | It is implied that the person digs the pit as a trap so that someone will fall into it. Alternate translation: “Whoever digs a pit to trap someone will fall into it” or “If someone digs a pit in order to trap someone, the one who dug it will fall into it” | |
2113 | 26:27 | nj1w | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | the stone will roll back on the one who pushed it | 0 | It is implied that the person pushed a large stone so that it would roll downhill and crush someone there. Alternate translation: “if someone pushed a stone so that it would roll downhill and crush someone, the stone will roll back on him instead” or “if someone maked a stone roll so that it would hurt someone, the stone will crush him instead” | |
2114 | 26:28 | wvw9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | A lying tongue hates the people it crushes | 0 | The phrase “a lying tongue” represents a person who tells lies. Crushing people represents causing them trouble. Alternate translation: “A liar hates those he hurts by his lies” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2115 | 26:28 | dfi2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | a flattering mouth brings about ruin | 0 | The phrase “a flattering mouth” represents a person who flatters people. This could mean: (1) a person who flatters others causes trouble or (2) a person who flatters others ruins them | |
2116 | 26:28 | qp8a | flattering | 0 | praising someone in a manner that is not sincere, or praising someone about things that are not true | ||
2117 | 27:intro | ec7g | 0 | Proverbs 27 General NotesStructure and formattingChapter 27 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25–29) which is attributed to Solomon. Special concepts in this chapterThemesThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) | |||
2118 | 27:1 | f85w | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | Do not boast about tomorrow | 0 | This is a warning not to brag about what you expect to happen tomorrow. This can be stated clearly. Alternate translation: “Do not speak proudly about your plans for tomorrow” | |
2119 | 27:1 | t368 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | what a day may bring | 0 | Something happening on a certain day is spoken of as if the day were to bring that event. Alternate translation: “what will happen on a day” or “what will happen tomorrow” | |
2120 | 27:2 | cyj6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | and not your own mouth … and not your own lips | 0 | The words “let praise you” are understood from the first phrase. They can be repeated. Here a person is represented by his “mouth” and “lips” because those are the parts of the body used to speak. Alternate translation: “and do not let your own mouth praise you … and do not let your own lips praise you” or “and do not praise yourself … and do not praise yourself” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
2121 | 27:2 | jhl7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | a stranger | 0 | The words “let praise you” are understood from the first phrase. The words can be repeated here. Alternate translation: “let a stranger praise you” | |
2122 | 27:3 | snl3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | the provocation of a fool is heavier than both | 0 | The difficulty of being patient with a fool who provokes you is spoken of as if that difficulty were heavy. Alternate translation: “the provocation of a fool is harder to tolerate than either of them” or “It is harder to be patient when a fool provokes you than it is to be patient while carrying them” | |
2123 | 27:3 | hs8d | the provocation of a fool | 0 | “the trouble caused by a fool.” “Provocation” means actions or words that cause anger or irritation. | ||
2124 | 27:4 | j57v | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | There is the cruelty of rage and the flood of anger, but who is able to stand before jealousy? | 0 | The abstract nouns “rage”, “anger” and “jealousy” can be translated as adjectives. Alternate translation: “A raging person is cruel and an angry person is overwhelming, but who can stand before a jealous person?” | |
2125 | 27:4 | l3ui | cruelty | 0 | Alternate translation: “harshness” | ||
2126 | 27:4 | srl1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | the flood of anger | 0 | “the destructiveness of anger.” Anger is spoken of here as if it were a powerful flood. | |
2127 | 27:4 | nh38 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | but who is able to stand before jealousy? | 0 | This question implies that no one can stand before jealousy. It can be reworded as a statement. Alternate translation: “but no one is able to stand before jealousy” | |
2128 | 27:4 | inj9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | to stand before jealousy | 0 | Here standing represents being strong and resisting being harmed by a jealous person who attacks. Alternate translation: “to resist a jealous person” or “to remain strong when a jealous person attacks him” | |
2129 | 27:5 | yva8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | Better is an open rebuke | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word rebuke, you could express the same idea with the verb “rebuke.” Alternate translation: “It is better to be openly rebuked” | |
2130 | 27:5 | pz3x | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | than hidden love | 0 | “than love that is not openly shown.” If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word love, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “than to be loved secretly” | |
2131 | 27:6 | d5v5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | Faithful are the wounds caused by a friend | 0 | “The wounds that a friend causes are trustworthy.” The word “wounds” here represents the pain and sadness that a person feels when a friend rebukes or corrects him. | |
2132 | 27:6 | uw1k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | Faithful are the wounds caused by a friend | 0 | The trustworthiness of a friend’s rebuke is spoken of as if the sadness that his rebuke causes is trustworthy. Alternate translation: “Though it causes sadness, a friend’s rebuke is trustworthy” | |
2133 | 27:6 | wzd4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | but an enemy may kiss you profusely | 0 | It can be stated clearly that the enemy’s kisses are not trustworthy. Alternate translation: “but the enemy’s many kisses are not trustworthy” or “but an enemy may try to deceive you by kissing you profusely” or | |
2134 | 27:6 | d2u7 | profusely | 0 | Alternate translation: “abundantly” or “too many times” | ||
2135 | 27:7 | diy7 | A person who has eaten to the full | 0 | Alternate translation: “A person who is satisfied” or “A person who has eaten enough to be full” | ||
2136 | 27:7 | v4fr | rejects even a honeycomb | 0 | A honeycomb would normally be desirable, but not to the person who has already eaten enough to be satisfied. | ||
2137 | 27:7 | aj75 | every bitter thing is sweet | 0 | Alternate translation: “everything that is bitter tastes sweet” | ||
2138 | 27:8 | tmr6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | Like a bird that wanders from its nest is a man who strays from where he lives | 0 | The words “wanders” and “strays” mean the same thing in this verse. | |
2139 | 27:9 | p2m8 | Perfume | 0 | The word “perfume” here means a desirable oil or ointment. | ||
2140 | 27:9 | zj6k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | make the heart rejoice | 0 | Here “the heart” represents the feelings or emotions of a person. Alternate translation: “make a person feel joyful” or “make a person glad” | |
2141 | 27:9 | fa3b | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | the sweetness of a friend comes from his sincere counsel | 0 | This could mean: (1) “sweetness” represents kindness. Alternate translation: “we recognize our friend’s kindness by his counsel” or (2) “sweetness” represents what we appreciate about a person. Alternate translation: “what we appreciate about a friend is his advice” | |
2142 | 27:10 | c6gz | your brother’s house | 0 | Here the word “brother” is a general reference to relatives, such as members of the same tribe, clan, or people group. | ||
2143 | 27:10 | zin1 | calamity | 0 | extreme troubles and misfortune | ||
2144 | 27:11 | v2t7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | make my heart rejoice | 0 | Here the “heart” represents the person’s feelings or emotions. Alternate translation: “make me feel joyful” or “make me glad” | |
2145 | 27:11 | sv31 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | then I will give back an answer to the one who mocks me | 0 | Here “answer” does not mean to answer a question. It means to respond or to reply to someone who is mocking. How this relates to the clause before it can be made clear. AT “then I will reply to the one who mocks me by telling him about you” | |
2146 | 27:11 | gm95 | mocks | 0 | makes fun of someone, especially in a cruel way | ||
2147 | 27:12 | y47t | A prudent man sees trouble and hides himself, but the naive people go on and suffer because of it | 0 | See how you translated a similar phrase in Proverbs 22:3. | ||
2148 | 27:12 | jm89 | A prudent man | 0 | Alternate translation: “A man who is wise” or “A man who has good sense” | ||
2149 | 27:12 | j5th | the naive people | 0 | Alternate translation: “the inexperienced and immature people” | ||
2150 | 27:12 | bv11 | suffer | 0 | experience something very unpleasant, such as illness, pain, or other hardships | ||
2151 | 27:13 | l1r3 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | Take a garment of one who has put up security for a stranger | 0 | When lending money, a lender would take something from the borrower, such as a garment, as a guarantee of repayment. He would return it after the money was repaid. If the borrower was too poor, someone else could give something to the lender as a guarantee for him. See how you translated this in Proverbs 20:16. Alternate translation: “Take a garment as security from the one who guarantees that what a stranger has borrowed will be paid back” | |
2152 | 27:13 | q6ci | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | who has put up security | 0 | This means for someone to give something to a lender as a guarantee that what was borrowed will be paid. See how you translated this in Proverbs 20:16. Alternate translation: “who has guaranteed that what has been borrowed will be paid back” or “who has promised to pay a loan” | |
2153 | 27:13 | gvg7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | hold it in pledge | 0 | To “hold something in pledge” means to hold on to something that someone has given as a pledge, or promise, that he will pay a debt. See how you translated this in Proverbs 20:16. Alternate translation: “hold onto his coat as a guarantee of repayment” | |
2154 | 27:14 | xjs1 | Whoever gives his neighbor a blessing | 0 | Alternate translation: “If anyone gives his neighbor a blessing” | ||
2155 | 27:14 | z5ga | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | that blessing will be considered to be a curse | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “the neighbor will consider that blessing to be a curse” | |
2156 | 27:15 | bh2v | quarreling | 0 | This means making people angry with each other or causing strong disagreements between people. | ||
2157 | 27:15 | caj9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | the constant dripping | 0 | The implied information is that it is rain that is constantly dripping. Alternate translation: “the constant dripping of rain” | |
2158 | 27:15 | ldj6 | a rainy day | 0 | Alternate translation: “a day of continual rain” | ||
2159 | 27:16 | e46j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | restraining her is like restraining the wind, or trying to catch oil in your right hand | 0 | The implied information is that it is as difficult or useless to try and restrain her as it is to try to restrain the wind or catch oil in your hand (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2160 | 27:16 | tfg7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | restraining her | 0 | “holding her back” or “keeping her under control.” The implied information is that it is trying to stop her from quarreling. Alternate translation: “restraining her from quarreling” | |
2161 | 27:16 | z86v | restraining the wind | 0 | Alternate translation: “holding back the wind” or “keeping the wind under control” | ||
2162 | 27:17 | w3va | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | Iron sharpens iron; in the same way, a man sharpens his friend. | 0 | These two phrases are comparing how iron and a man can be improved. Alternate translation: “As iron can sharpen another piece of iron, so a man’s character is improved by contact with his friend” | |
2163 | 27:18 | gbr2 | who tends | 0 | Alternate translation: “who takes care of” | ||
2164 | 27:18 | d71d | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | the one who protects his master will be honored | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “a master will honor the one who protects him” | |
2165 | 27:19 | z68a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | a person’s heart | 0 | Here this means a person’s thoughts. Alternate translation: “what a person thinks” | |
2166 | 27:20 | nv5h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Abaddon | 0 | This is a name that means “destroyer.” Alternate translation: “the Destroyer” | |
2167 | 27:20 | c28l | are never satisfied | 0 | Alternate translation: “are never filled up” | ||
2168 | 27:20 | q6ud | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | a man’s eyes | 0 | Here the “eyes” represent a man’s desires. Alternate translation: “a man’s desires” | |
2169 | 27:21 | c4r4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | A crucible is for silver and a furnace is for gold | 0 | This refers to how gold and silver are refined. A metal is refined by heating it to a high temperature so that it melts and the impurities may be removed. See how you translated the very similar phrase in Proverbs 17:3. Alternate translation: “A crucible is used to refine silver and a furnace is used to refine gold” | |
2170 | 27:21 | eg8j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | crucible | 0 | a container used for heating substances to very high temperatures | |
2171 | 27:21 | eza1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | furnace | 0 | an oven that can be made extremely hot | |
2172 | 27:21 | b7qd | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | a person is tested when he is praised | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “when one praises a person, they are also testing that person” | |
2173 | 27:22 | m5zv | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | Even if you crush a fool … yet his foolishness will not leave him | 0 | This means that even if a fool is made to suffer hardship or pain (being crushed is often a metaphor for suffering in Hebrew), he will remain foolish. | |
2174 | 27:22 | ir3k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | pestle | 0 | a hard tool with a rounded end, used for crushing things in a bowl | |
2175 | 27:23 | ixh6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism | Be sure you know the condition of your flocks and be concerned about your herds | 0 | These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. | |
2176 | 27:23 | de7k | your flocks | 0 | Alternate translation: “flocks of sheep” | ||
2177 | 27:23 | b9bu | your herds | 0 | Alternate translation: “herds of goats” | ||
2178 | 27:24 | v1t6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Does a crown endure for all generations? | 0 | This question expects a negative answer to make the point that the reign of earthly rulers does not last forever. If your readers would misunderstand this question, you can express it as a statement. Alternate translation: “A crown does not endure for all generations” | |
2179 | 27:24 | gu92 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | a crown | 0 | Here “crown” is a metonym for a king’s rule over his kingdom. Alternate translation: “a king’s rule” | |
2180 | 27:25 | n1ai | the new growth appears | 0 | Alternate translation: “the new sprouts appear” or “the new grass starts to grow” | ||
2181 | 27:26 | ra5w | Connecting Statement: | 0 | Connecting Statement:Verses 26 and 27 go together with verses 23 to 25 as one proverb. | ||
2182 | 27:26 | dar8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | Those lambs will provide your clothing | 0 | The implied information is that the wool (hair) from the lambs can be used to make clothing. Alternate translation: “The lambs’ wool will provide you with clothing” | |
2183 | 27:26 | j2vp | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | the goats will provide the price of the field | 0 | The implied information is that the money received by selling the goats will be enough to buy a field. Alternate translation: “selling your goats will provide the price of the field” | |
2184 | 27:27 | q28m | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | nourishment for your servant girls | 0 | The implied information is that there will also be enough goats’ milk to feed the servant girls. Alternate translation: “there will be goat’s milk to nourish your servant girls” | |
2185 | 27:27 | xjw4 | nourishment | 0 | Alternate translation: “food” | ||
2186 | 28:intro | g91u | 0 | Proverbs 28 General NotesStructure and formattingChapter 28 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25–29) which is attributed to Solomon. Special concepts in this chapterThemesThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) | |||
2187 | 28:2 | b4c7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | Because of the transgression of a land | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word transgression, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “Because of how a land transgresses” | |
2188 | 28:2 | qks4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | the transgression of a land | 0 | This is a metonym for the sins of the people living in a land. Alternate translation: “the transgression of the people of a land” | |
2189 | 28:2 | ivf7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | with a man of understanding and knowledge | 0 | The implied information is that this man is a ruler or leader. The abstract nouns “understanding” and “knowledge” can be translated as verbs. Alternate translation: “with a man who understands and knows how to rule” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2190 | 28:3 | tx2c | who oppresses | 0 | Alternate translation: “who severely mistreats” | ||
2191 | 28:3 | pb4k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | like a beating rain that leaves no food | 0 | The poor man who oppresses other poor people is compared to a rain that falls so hard that it leaves no crop to harvest. | |
2192 | 28:3 | p9vx | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | beating rain | 0 | This is a metaphor for a rain coming down hard enough to cause crops to be driven down. Alternate translation: “damaging rain” | |
2193 | 28:4 | z1ah | forsake the law | 0 | Alternate translation: “forsake God’s law” | ||
2194 | 28:4 | j98f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | those who keep the law | 0 | To “keep the law” means to do what God’s law requires. Alternate translation: “those who obey God’s law” | |
2195 | 28:4 | whf7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | fight against them | 0 | “struggle against them.” This means to strongly oppose or resist them. | |
2196 | 28:5 | pi7r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations | Evil men | 0 | Here “men” means people in general. Alternate translation: “People who do evil things” | |
2197 | 28:5 | t38q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | do not understand justice | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word justice, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “do not understand what is just” | |
2198 | 28:5 | k5mh | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | those who seek Yahweh | 0 | Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. | |
2199 | 28:5 | ru6t | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | understand everything | 0 | The implied information is that those who seek Yahweh understand all about justice. Alternate translation: “completely understand what is just” | |
2200 | 28:6 | q4ty | It is better for a poor person … than for a rich person | 0 | Alternate translation: “It is better to be a poor person … than it is to be a rich person” | ||
2201 | 28:6 | pfi9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | walks in his integrity | 0 | This represents a person living a life of integrity. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word integrity, you could express the same idea with an adverb. Alternate translation: “walks honestly” or “lives honestly” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2202 | 28:6 | jdf4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | who is crooked in his ways | 0 | Rich people who are dishonest are spoken of as if they walk on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “who is not honest in what he does” | |
2203 | 28:7 | b5pv | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | He who keeps the law | 0 | To “keep the law” means to do what God’s law requires. Alternate translation: “He who obeys God’s law” | |
2204 | 28:7 | h42h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | a son who has understanding | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word understanding, you could express the same idea with a verb. Alternate translation: “a son who understands” | |
2205 | 28:7 | rh6n | of gluttons | 0 | “of people who eat too much.” A “glutton” is a person who often eats and drinks excessively. | ||
2206 | 28:7 | q9hm | shames his father | 0 | Alternate translation: “puts his father to shame” or “dishonors his father” | ||
2207 | 28:8 | uef7 | makes his fortune | 0 | Alternate translation: “increases his wealth” | ||
2208 | 28:8 | i36g | charging too much interest | 0 | Alternate translation: “charging extra money to borrow” | ||
2209 | 28:8 | tj5f | interest | 0 | money paid by a borrower for the use of someone else’s money | ||
2210 | 28:8 | xz6i | gathers his wealth | 0 | Alternate translation: “brings his wealth together” | ||
2211 | 28:8 | e1qz | for another | 0 | Alternate translation: “for another person” | ||
2212 | 28:8 | s7xf | pity | 0 | a strong feeling of sadness or sympathy for someone | ||
2213 | 28:9 | w428 | If one | 0 | Alternate translation: “If a person” | ||
2214 | 28:9 | s7cf | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | turns away his ear from hearing the law | 0 | This represents the whole person turning away from and rejecting God’s law. Alternate translation: “turns away from hearing and obeying the law” | |
2215 | 28:9 | ztw6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | even his prayer is detestable | 0 | “even his prayer is offensive to God.” This can be written in active form. Alternate translation: “God detests even his prayer” | |
2216 | 28:9 | a3bi | detestable | 0 | See how you translated this in Proverbs 3:32. | ||
2217 | 28:10 | hgy2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | Whoever misleads the upright into an evil way | 0 | This is a metaphor for leading upright people in an evil direction. Alternate translation: “Whoever causes the upright to go in an evil direction” | |
2218 | 28:10 | pv8z | Whoever misleads … evil way will fall | 0 | Alternate translation: “If anyone misleads … evil way, he will fall” | ||
2219 | 28:10 | m6rz | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | the upright | 0 | This refers to upright persons in general. Alternate translation: “upright persons” | |
2220 | 28:10 | tw7h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | will fall into his own pit | 0 | “will fall into the trap that he has dug.” This is a metaphor for ending up in the same bad place as others had been led toward. Alternate translation: “will end up in the same evil place toward which he guided other people” | |
2221 | 28:10 | yg55 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | the blameless | 0 | This refers to blameless persons in general. Alternate translation: “blameless persons” | |
2222 | 28:10 | w756 | will have a good inheritance | 0 | Alternate translation: “will inherit what is good” | ||
2223 | 28:11 | eg7v | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | be wise in his own eyes | 0 | The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “be wise in his own thoughts” or “think he is wise” | |
2224 | 28:11 | pj9j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | who has understanding | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word understanding, you could express the same idea with a verb. Alternate translation: “who understands” | |
2225 | 28:11 | ynr5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | will find him out | 0 | This is an idiom that means the poor person will be able to determine whether or not the rich person is really wise. Alternate translation: “will see his true nature” | |
2226 | 28:12 | qew3 | When the righteous triumph | 0 | Alternate translation: “When righteous people succeed” | ||
2227 | 28:12 | zkn5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | when the wicked arise | 0 | This is an idiom that means when the wicked gain power or start to rule. Alternate translation: “when the wicked rise to power” | |
2228 | 28:12 | emq6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | the wicked | 0 | This refers to wicked people in general. Alternate translation: “wicked people” | |
2229 | 28:12 | g949 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | people are sought out | 0 | You may need to make explicit that those who “are sought out” have hidden themselves to escape from the wicked. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “they seek people out” or “they seek out the people who hide from them” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2230 | 28:13 | h8gm | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | hides his sins | 0 | “covers his sins.” This is the opposite of confessing and forsaking sins, and is spoken of as covering sins rather than bringing them into the open | |
2231 | 28:13 | e7kw | will not prosper | 0 | Alternate translation: “will not succeed” or “will not advance” | ||
2232 | 28:13 | m9fz | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | the one who confesses them and forsakes them will be shown mercy | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will show mercy to the one who confesses and forsakes them” | |
2233 | 28:14 | nh5t | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | The one who always lives with reverence is blessed | 0 | This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who always lives with reverence” | |
2234 | 28:14 | ffn2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | lives with reverence | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word reverence, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “lives a reverent life” | |
2235 | 28:14 | ijf7 | reverence | 0 | This refers to deeply respecting Yahweh and showing that respect by obeying him. | ||
2236 | 28:14 | ymm8 | whoever hardens his heart | 0 | Alternate translation: “the one who hardens his heart” | ||
2237 | 28:14 | ebu1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | hardens his heart | 0 | This is an idiom that means to be stubborn or unwilling to obey God. Alternate translation: “refuses to obey God” | |
2238 | 28:14 | l7ee | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | will fall into trouble | 0 | This represents ending up in misery and distress. Alternate translation: “will end up in trouble” | |
2239 | 28:15 | z8ti | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-simile | Like a roaring lion or a charging bear is a wicked ruler over poor people | 0 | Poor people who are helpless against an evil ruler are compared to people who have a lion roaring at them or a bear attacking them. | |
2240 | 28:15 | x5l1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown | a charging bear | 0 | A bear is a large, furry, dangerous animal that walks on four legs and has sharp claws and teeth. | |
2241 | 28:16 | et9j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | The ruler who lacks understanding | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word understanding, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “The ruler who does not understand” | |
2242 | 28:16 | az95 | oppressor | 0 | a person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult | ||
2243 | 28:16 | lv7n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | the one who hates dishonesty | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word dishonesty, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “the one who hates being dishonest” | |
2244 | 28:16 | eae9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | prolong his days | 0 | This could mean: (1) this is an idiom that means his living for more time. Alternate translation: “live longer” or (2) this is an idiom that means extending the length of his reign. Alternate translation: “rule for a longer time” | |
2245 | 28:17 | rm8g | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | he has shed someone’s blood | 0 | Here “blood” represents a person’s life. To “shed blood” means to murder someone. Alternate translation: “he has killed someone” or “he has murdered someone” | |
2246 | 28:17 | v592 | fugitive | 0 | a person who is running away to avoid being captured | ||
2247 | 28:17 | iz6w | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | until death | 0 | “until he dies.” This means for the rest of his life. Alternate translation: “all of his life” | |
2248 | 28:18 | nhr1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | Whoever walks with integrity will be kept safe | 0 | This can be expressed in active form. Alternate translation: “God will keep safe anyone who walks with integrity” | |
2249 | 28:18 | u4m5 | Whoever | 0 | Alternate translation: “Anyone who” | ||
2250 | 28:18 | f45f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | walks with integrity | 0 | This represents a person living a life of integrity. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word integrity, you could express the same idea with an adverb. Alternate translation: “walks honestly” or “lives honestly” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2251 | 28:18 | kvc6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | the one whose way is crooked | 0 | A dishonest person is spoken of as if he walks on crooked or twisted paths. Alternate translation: “the one who does not live honestly” | |
2252 | 28:18 | x79a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | will suddenly fall | 0 | What will happen to a dishonest person is spoken of as if he suddenly fell down. Alternate translation: “will suddenly be ruined” or “will suddenly perish” | |
2253 | 28:19 | dlk7 | works his land | 0 | This means to till, sow, and care for his crops. | ||
2254 | 28:19 | uq9z | whoever follows | 0 | Alternate translation: “anyone who follows” | ||
2255 | 28:19 | t64p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | follows worthless pursuits | 0 | “chases after worthless projects.” The person who is busy doing things that do not produce anything is spoken of as chasing after useless things. | |
2256 | 28:19 | b8y8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony | will have plenty of poverty | 0 | The person following worthless pursuits is spoken of as getting the opposite of plenty of food. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word poverty, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “will be very poor” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2257 | 28:20 | ix4q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes | the one who gets rich quickly will not go unpunished | 0 | The double negative “will not go unpunished” is used for emphasis. If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will certainly punish the one who gets rich quickly” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2258 | 28:20 | nt6p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | the one who gets rich quickly | 0 | The implied information is that this person gains wealth by unfaithful or dishonest means. Alternate translation: “the one who tries to get rich quickly” | |
2259 | 28:21 | kg9c | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole | for a piece of bread a man will do wrong | 0 | “A piece of bread” here is an exaggeration for a very small bribe or reward. Alternate translation: “a man will sin for very little gain” | |
2260 | 28:21 | phu7 | do wrong | 0 | Alternate translation: “sin” | ||
2261 | 28:22 | v63d | A stingy man | 0 | “A selfish man.” This is a person who does not like to share his possessions or spend money. | ||
2262 | 28:22 | f7a8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | hurries after riches | 0 | The stingy man is spoken of as if he was chasing after wealth. Alternate translation: “is greedy for riches” | |
2263 | 28:22 | mz2h | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | poverty will come upon him | 0 | The result of being stingy is spoken of as if poverty was overtaking the stingy person. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word poverty, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “he will suddenly become poor” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2264 | 28:23 | sr8r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | Whoever disciplines someone, afterward will find more favor from him than from the one who flatters him with his tongue | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word favor, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “A person will favor the one who disciplines him more than he favors the person who flatters him with his tongue” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2265 | 28:23 | q2x8 | Whoever disciplines | 0 | Alternate translation: “If a person disciplines” | ||
2266 | 28:23 | hi86 | disciplines | 0 | trains people to obey a set of guidelines for moral behavior | ||
2267 | 28:23 | k6hl | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | flatters him with his tongue | 0 | The tongue here represents speaking. Alternate translation: “flatters him with words” | |
2268 | 28:23 | l9i1 | flatters | 0 | praises someone in a manner that is not sincere, or praises someone about things that are not true | ||
2269 | 28:24 | xcp2 | Whoever robs | 0 | Alternate translation: “The one who robs” | ||
2270 | 28:24 | qt94 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations | says, “That is no sin,” he | 0 | This can be expressed as an indirect quotation. Alternate translation: “says that it is not a sin, he” | |
2271 | 28:24 | ie7m | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | the companion of | 0 | Possible meanings are: (1) “the friend of” or (2) an idiom that means having the same character as. Alternate translation: “the same kind of person as” | |
2272 | 28:25 | e3ce | A greedy man | 0 | a person who selfishly wants more things, money or food than what he needs | ||
2273 | 28:25 | bkj4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | stirs up conflict | 0 | The action of the greedy man is spoken of as if he were stirring up or awakening conflict. Alternate translation: “causes conflict” | |
2274 | 28:26 | pnc4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche | One who trusts in his own heart | 0 | Depending on one’s self is spoken of as trusting in one’s own heart. Alternate translation: “The person who relies on himself” | |
2275 | 28:26 | dyj3 | whoever walks | 0 | Alternate translation: “any person who walks” | ||
2276 | 28:26 | g7hy | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | walks in wisdom | 0 | This could mean: (1) this is an idiom that means to live wisely. Alternate translation: “lives wisely” or (2) this is an idiom that means to follow the teachings of wise people. Alternate translation: “follows wise teachings” | |
2277 | 28:27 | yhn4 | The one | 0 | Alternate translation: “The person” | ||
2278 | 28:27 | y6e6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj | the poor | 0 | This refers to poor people in general. Alternate translation: “poor people” | |
2279 | 28:27 | iwx5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes | lack nothing | 0 | This double negative is used for emphasis. Alternate translation: “have everything they need” | |
2280 | 28:27 | ykd8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | whoever closes his eyes to them will receive many curses | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. This could mean: (1) they will receive many curses from the poor. Alternate translation: “the poor will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to them” or (2) they will receive many curses from people in general. Alternate translation: “people will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor” or (3) they will receive many curses from God. Alternate translation: “God will give many curses to whoever closes his eyes to the poor” | |
2281 | 28:27 | cgl4 | whoever closes | 0 | Alternate translation: “anyone who closes” | ||
2282 | 28:27 | x8x1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | closes his eyes to | 0 | Closing the eyes represents not responding to the needs of the poor. Alternate translation: “ignores” or “chooses not to help” | |
2283 | 28:28 | ku38 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | When the wicked arise | 0 | This is an idiom that means when wicked people gain power or start to rule. Alternate translation: “When wicked people rise to power” | |
2284 | 28:28 | xc51 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole | people hide themselves | 0 | This is an exaggeration for doing everything they can to avoid having wicked people harm them. Alternate translation: “people go into hiding” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]]) | |
2285 | 28:28 | vjp8 | perish | 0 | This could mean: (1) “go away” or (2) “fall from power” or (3) “are destroyed.” | ||
2286 | 28:28 | pd87 | increase | 0 | This could mean: (1) “multiply” or (2) “rise to power.” | ||
2287 | 29:intro | pkl4 | 0 | Proverbs 29 General NotesStructure and formattingChapter 29 concludes the second section of the book (Chapter 25–29) which is attributed to Solomon. Special concepts in this chapterThemesThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) | |||
2288 | 29:1 | rl7a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | who stiffens his neck | 0 | A person becoming stubborn is spoken of as if he stiffens his neck. Alternate translation: “who becomes stubborn” or “who refuses to listen” | |
2289 | 29:1 | nb5z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | will be broken in a moment | 0 | If your language does not use the passive form in this way, you can state this in active form or in another way that is natural in your language. Alternate translation: “God will suddenly break him” | |
2290 | 29:1 | y5ft | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | beyond healing | 0 | “and no one will be able to heal him.” Sickness is a metaphor for any kind of bad situation. Alternate translation: “and no one will be able to help him” | |
2291 | 29:2 | w7r2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | the people sigh | 0 | The people let out long, loud breaths that show that they are weary and sad. Alternate translation: “the people will be weary and sad” | |
2292 | 29:4 | v6du | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | by justice | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word justice, you could express the same idea with a noun phrase. Alternate translation: “by doing what is just” or “by making just laws” | |
2293 | 29:5 | x5x6 | flatters his neighbor | 0 | knowingly tells his neighbor things that are not true so that the neighbor will do what the speaker wants him to do | ||
2294 | 29:5 | udx2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | spreading a net for his feet | 0 | The writer compares the flattery of a person to setting that person up to being caught in a trap. Alternate translation: “setting a trap to catch that person” | |
2295 | 29:6 | k8iq | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | In the sin of an evil person is a trap | 0 | When an evil person sins, it is as if he is stepping into a trap. He desires to do evil to other people, but God will use what he does to punish him. | |
2296 | 29:8 | g91s | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | set a city on fire | 0 | Here the word “city” represents the people who live in the city. Mockers causing the people to experience turmoil and possibly to become violent is spoken of as if they set the city on fire. Alternate translation: “create turmoil for the people of a city” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2297 | 29:8 | vcu6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | turn away wrath | 0 | This idiom means to cause angry people no longer to be angry. Alternate translation: “calm the wrath of angry people” | |
2298 | 29:9 | el5g | has an argument with | 0 | Another possible meaning is “goes to court against.” | ||
2299 | 29:9 | tzx7 | he rages and laughs | 0 | The fool becomes very angry and tries to keep the wise person from speaking or the court judge from judging. | ||
2300 | 29:9 | kn5t | rages | 0 | This means to be loud and excited and to move with powerful movements like a strong storm. This is a negative word. | ||
2301 | 29:9 | qmv5 | there will be no rest | 0 | Alternate translation: “they will not be able to settle the problem” | ||
2302 | 29:10 | jbu4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | seek the life of | 0 | This idiom means to “want to kill.” | |
2303 | 29:12 | ui7k | pays attention | 0 | “listens.” See how you translated this in Proverbs 17:4. | ||
2304 | 29:12 | b9es | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | all his officials will be wicked | 0 | The actions of the ruler are spoken of by stating the result they will cause. Alternate translation: “it is as if he is teaching his officials to be wicked” | |
2305 | 29:13 | f56w | oppressor | 0 | a person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult | ||
2306 | 29:13 | psq6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | Yahweh gives light to the eyes of them both | 0 | This idiom means “Yahweh makes both of them alive.” | |
2307 | 29:14 | x486 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | his throne | 0 | The throne is a metonym for the kingdom he rules from his throne. Alternate translation: “his kingdom” | |
2308 | 29:15 | ybi8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | The rod and reproof give wisdom | 0 | The writer speaks as if a rod and reproof were people who could give wisdom as a physical gift. Alternate translation: “If a parent uses the rod on his child and reproves him, the child will become wise” or “If parents discipline their child and tell him when he has done wrong, the child will learn to live wisely” | |
2309 | 29:15 | p19z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | The rod | 0 | Parents in Israel used wooden rods as instruments to discipline children by striking them. Alternate translation: “discipline” | |
2310 | 29:15 | m43w | reproof | 0 | When a person gives reproof to another person, or reproves that person, he tells that person that he does not approve of what that other person is doing. | ||
2311 | 29:16 | th5t | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | transgression increases | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word transgression, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “more people will transgress and their sins will become worse” | |
2312 | 29:16 | ha78 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | the downfall of those wicked people | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word downfall, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “fall,” which is a metaphor for losing the power to rule. Alternate translation: “those wicked people fall” or “those wicked people lose their power to rule” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2313 | 29:18 | s41b | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | the one who keeps the law is blessed | 0 | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God will bless the one who keeps the law” | |
2314 | 29:19 | kl1y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | A slave will not be corrected by words | 0 | This can be translated in active form.”You will not be able to correct a slave simply by talking to him” | |
2315 | 29:20 | qfr9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | See a man who is hasty in his words? | 0 | The writer is using a question to get the reader’s attention. Alternate translation: “You should notice what happens to a man who is hasty in his words.” | |
2316 | 29:21 | k1j6 | who pampers his slave | 0 | Alternate translation: “who allows his slave to avoid work and who treats his slave better than he treats other slaves” | ||
2317 | 29:21 | qas4 | at the end of it | 0 | Alternate translation: “at the end of the slave’s youth” or “when the slave is grown” | ||
2318 | 29:21 | qs95 | there will be trouble | 0 | These words translate a Hebrew word whose meaning no one knows for sure. Some understand it to mean that the slave will be weak, others that the slave will rule the household. | ||
2319 | 29:22 | s7ha | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | stirs up strife | 0 | Causing people to argue more is spoken of as if it were stirring up or awakening arguments. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word strife, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “argue.” See how you translated similar words in Proverbs 15:18. Alternate translation: “causes people to argue more” or “causes people to argue and fight” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2320 | 29:22 | ad7m | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | a master of rage | 0 | This idiom means “a person who becomes angry easily.” | |
2321 | 29:23 | z268 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | one who has a humble spirit will be given honor | 0 | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “men will give honor to a person who has a humble spirit” or “a person who has a humble spirit will receive honor from men” or “Yahweh will cause men to honor a person who has a humble spirit” | |
2322 | 29:24 | jpz1 | hates his own life | 0 | Alternate translation: “becomes his own enemy” | ||
2323 | 29:24 | ej5k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit | he hears the curse and says nothing | 0 | This could mean: (1) people have put the “one who shares with a thief” under oath to tell the truth about what he knows about what the thief stole, and he knows he will be punished if he tells the truth. Alternate translation: “he does not dare to testify under oath” or (2) people do not know who the thief is but they call on God to curse the thief, and the “one who shares” is afraid to confess and so come out from under the curse because he is afraid of the thief. Alternate translation: “he says nothing even after people have cursed him” | |
2324 | 29:25 | t7d5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | The fear of man makes a snare | 0 | Being afraid of what other people might do is spoken of as stepping into a trap. Alternate translation: “Anyone who is afraid of what other people might do to him is like a person who has become snared in a trap” | |
2325 | 29:25 | k5l2 | a snare | 0 | a trap that catches animals with ropes | ||
2326 | 29:25 | t3gk | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | the one who trusts in Yahweh will be protected | 0 | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “Yahweh will protect the one who trusts in him” | |
2327 | 29:26 | sa3k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | Many are those who seek the face of the ruler | 0 | The word “face” is a metonym for the ruler listening to people telling him what they want him to do and then doing it. Alternate translation: “Many people want their ruler to pay attention to them” | |
2328 | 29:26 | w96b | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | from Yahweh is justice for a person | 0 | It is Yahweh, not human rulers, who will see that people treat a person justly. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word justice, you could express the same idea with a verbal form such as “just.” Alternate translation: “it is Yahweh who is truly just towards a person” | |
2329 | 29:27 | c4s9 | detestable | 0 | a person who should be hated. See how you translated this in Proverbs 3:32. | ||
2330 | 30:intro | aud8 | 0 | Proverbs 30 General NotesStructure and formattingChapter 30 is a chapter in Proverbs attributed to Agur, who is a person otherwise unknown. Special concepts in this chapterAgurHis full title is Agur, Son of Jakeh. Agur comes from a Hebrew word that means “gatherer” and so some scholars believe this is not a real name, but possibly a way of referring to Solomon as a gatherer of proverbs. However, it is still prudent to simply use this as a name. Three things and fourFrom verses 15 through 32, the author uses a specific technique to explain some things. He says there are three things and even four and lists items that exemplify a feature like “small and yet wise.” The numbering is not meant to be so literal, but as a memory device that introduces the items. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]]) ThemesThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) | |||
2331 | 30:1 | u8l9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/translate-names | Agur … Jakeh … Ithiel … Ucal | 0 | These are the names of men. | |
2332 | 30:1 | v8qt | Agur son of Jakeh | 0 | This is the literal son of Jakeh, not a grandchild. | ||
2333 | 30:1 | ic3d | the utterance | 0 | Alternate translation: “the message” | ||
2334 | 30:1 | y7qf | to Ithiel, to Ithiel and Ucal | 0 | Alternate translation: “to Ithiel—that is, to Ithiel and Ucal” | ||
2335 | 30:2 | n4d9 | Surely | 0 | Alternate translation: “Certainly” or “There is no doubt that” | ||
2336 | 30:2 | ij38 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | I do not have the understanding of a human being | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word understanding, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “I do not understand anything the way human beings are supposed to understand them” | |
2337 | 30:3 | ln5f | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | nor do I have knowledge of the Holy One | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word knowledge, you could express the same idea with a verbal form. Alternate translation: “nor do I really know anything about the Holy One” | |
2338 | 30:4 | kw1a | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Who has … down? Who has … hands? Who has … cloak? Who has … earth? | 0 | The writer asks these questions to get the reader thinking about how much greater Yahweh is than people. Alternate translation: “No person has ever … down. No person has ever … hands. No person has ever … cloak. No person has ever … earth.” or “Who has … down? Who has … hands? Who has … cloak? Who has … earth? No one has ever done any of these things.” | |
2339 | 30:4 | eb1b | heaven | 0 | where God lives | ||
2340 | 30:4 | bz7z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | gathered up the wind in the hollow of his hands | 0 | The writer speaks of the wind as if it were something that a person could catch and hold in his hand. Alternate translation: “has caught the wind in his hands” | |
2341 | 30:4 | g4i7 | the hollow of his hands | 0 | the way his hands are shaped when he is scooping up, for example, water or sand. “his cupped hands” | ||
2342 | 30:4 | l4kf | gathered up | 0 | brought small scattered objects into a pile so they can be lifted | ||
2343 | 30:4 | rce5 | has established all the ends of the earth | 0 | Alternate translation: “has set up the limits for where the earth ends” or “has marked the boundaries for the ends of the earth” | ||
2344 | 30:4 | t7g1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | What is his name, and what is the name of his son? | 0 | The writer uses these questions to command the reader to give an answer. Alternate translation: “Tell me his name and the name of his son, if you know them.” | |
2345 | 30:4 | jv39 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-irony | Surely you know! | 0 | The writer uses irony to show that neither he nor the reader know any person who can do what the “who” in the earlier questions can do. Alternate translation: “I do not think you really know anyone who can do those things.” | |
2346 | 30:5 | mna2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | is tested | 0 | Words are spoken of as if they were metals that need someone to clean the bad parts out of them. Alternate translation: “is like a precious metal from which someone has removed all the useless material” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2347 | 30:5 | u15z | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | he is a shield to those who take refuge in him | 0 | The word “shield” is a metaphor for something that protects a person. Alternate translation: “he protects those who come and ask him to protect them” | |
2348 | 30:6 | lu63 | add to his words | 0 | say more than he has said | ||
2349 | 30:6 | e39x | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | you will be proved to be | 0 | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “he will prove that you are” | |
2350 | 30:8 | v3d5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | Put vanity and lies far away from me | 0 | This could mean: (1) “Do not allow people to speak vanity and lies to me” or (2) “Do not allow me to speak vanity and lies” | |
2351 | 30:8 | jw32 | vanity | 0 | false, useless words | ||
2352 | 30:8 | wk6q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | Give me neither poverty nor riches | 0 | The writer speaks as if “poverty” and “riches” were physical objects that someone could give to another. They are also abstract nouns that can be stated as “poor” and “rich.” Alternate translation: “Do not allow me to be either very poor or very rich” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2353 | 30:9 | vrk2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo | if I have too much, I might deny you and say | 0 | This describes a hypothetical situation that has not happened but is possible if the writer becomes rich. | |
2354 | 30:9 | t24i | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo | if I become poor, I might steal and profane | 0 | This describes a hypothetical situation that has not happened but is possible if the writer becomes poor. | |
2355 | 30:9 | f4ah | I might steal and profane the name of my God | 0 | Alternate translation: “I might make people who know that I have stolen things think that there is no God” or “I might harm God’s reputation by stealing” | ||
2356 | 30:10 | rz4a | slander | 0 | speak falsely about another person with the desire to harm him | ||
2357 | 30:10 | ycc9 | he will curse | 0 | Alternate translation: “the servant will curse” | ||
2358 | 30:10 | u5fu | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | you will be held guilty | 0 | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will hold you guilty” | |
2359 | 30:11 | sz6e | a generation that curses … and does not bless | 0 | Alternate translation: “a generation of people who curse … and do not bless” | ||
2360 | 30:11 | z4bb | generation | 0 | type or class or group | ||
2361 | 30:12 | h8cq | a generation that is | 0 | Alternate translation: “a generation of people that are” | ||
2362 | 30:12 | dp6p | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | is pure in their own eyes | 0 | The eyes represent seeing, and seeing represents thoughts or judgment. Alternate translation: “considers themselves pure” or “believes they are pure” | |
2363 | 30:12 | re7r | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | they are not washed of their filth | 0 | The words “washed” and “filth” speak of God forgiving people who sin as if he were washing physical filth off of the people. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “God has not forgiven them of their sins” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) | |
2364 | 30:12 | fyp5 | filth | 0 | This should be translated with a polite term that includes human or animal vomit and waste. | ||
2365 | 30:13 | ey4d | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | eyes are raised up … their eyelids lifted up | 0 | This describes people who think that they are better than other people. Their eyes show that they are proud, and the way they look at others shows that they think they are better than those other people. | |
2366 | 30:14 | zca7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | There is a generation whose teeth are swords, and their jawbones are like knives, so they may devour the poor … and the needy | 0 | The people of the generation who speak very harmful things is spoken of as if they were wild animals with teeth and jawbones made of swords and knives, and they eat the poor and needy. | |
2367 | 30:14 | z22j | jawbones | 0 | the bones of the face where teeth grow | ||
2368 | 30:15 | yr92 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | The leech has two daughters | 0 | This is an example of something that always wants more. Alternate translation: “Greed has two daughters” | |
2369 | 30:15 | ik61 | leech | 0 | a type of worm that attaches itself to the skin and sucks blood | ||
2370 | 30:15 | n8v6 | 0 | Another possible meaning is “and they are both named Give Me.” Alternate translation: “Give and give” | |||
2371 | 30:15 | snu6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry | There are three things that are never satisfied, four that never say, “Enough” | 0 | This use of the numbers “three” and “four” together here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are four things that are never satisfied, who never say, ‘Enough’” | |
2372 | 30:15 | xlu4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes | are never satisfied | 0 | This can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “always want more” | |
2373 | 30:16 | d8p5 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-personification | land that is never satisfied with water | 0 | Land that is no longer producing food because there has been no rain is spoken of as if it were a person who does not have enough water to drink. | |
2374 | 30:17 | hr1j | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | scorns obedience to a mother | 0 | The word “obedience” is a metonym for the mother herself. It is also an abstract noun that can be stated as “obey.” Alternate translation: “considers his mother worthless and will not obey her” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2375 | 30:17 | pr2u | his eyes … the vultures | 0 | The writer says that the person will die by giving two pictures of what happens to people who die away from where people live. | ||
2376 | 30:17 | l9a8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | his eyes will be pecked out by the ravens of the valley | 0 | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the ravens of the valley will peck out his eyes” | |
2377 | 30:17 | x3vs | ravens | 0 | large, shiny, black birds that eat plants and dead animals | ||
2378 | 30:17 | sxz9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | he will be eaten by the vultures | 0 | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “the vultures will eat him” | |
2379 | 30:17 | k8je | vultures | 0 | any one of several large birds that eat dead animals and have small, featherless heads | ||
2380 | 30:18 | njh2 | There are three things that are … four that I do not understand: | 0 | The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are some things that are too wonderful for me that I do not understand—four of them are:” | ||
2381 | 30:19 | u9rp | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | in the heart of the sea | 0 | The “heart” refers to the middle. Alternate translation: “in the middle of the sea” or “on the open sea” | |
2382 | 30:20 | h26k | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism | she eats and she wipes her mouth | 0 | This seems to be both a euphemism and a metaphor for committing adultery and then taking a bath. (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]) | |
2383 | 30:21 | s3e3 | Under three things the earth trembles, and under four it cannot bear up | 0 | The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. “There are some things that make the earth tremble, that it cannot endure. Four of these are:” | ||
2384 | 30:22 | xv9v | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | a fool when he is filled with food | 0 | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a fool who has had enough to eat” | |
2385 | 30:23 | l8m1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | a hated woman when she marries | 0 | That is, people rightly hated her before she married; once she marries, she will be worse than she was before she married. This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “a woman whom good people have hated when she marries” or “an outcast woman when she marries” | |
2386 | 30:23 | dwd5 | takes the place of her mistress | 0 | rules the household | ||
2387 | 30:26 | p11p | rock badgers | 0 | an animal with small, rounded ears, short legs, and no tail | ||
2388 | 30:28 | l4zb | lizard | 0 | a small reptile that has four legs, a long, slender body, and a tail | ||
2389 | 30:29 | u31f | There are three things that are … four that are stately in how they walk | 0 | The use of the numbers “three” and “four” here is likely a poetic device. Alternate translation: “There are some things that walk stately. Four of these are” | ||
2390 | 30:29 | dc44 | stately | 0 | majestic or dignified, like a king | ||
2391 | 30:31 | e3z8 | strutting rooster | 0 | an adult male chicken that walks proudly | ||
2392 | 30:33 | kgm4 | churning | 0 | strongly stirring | ||
2393 | 30:33 | nj7p | butter | 0 | Animal milk that someone has stirred and made thick. | ||
2394 | 31:intro | dd9p | 0 | Proverbs 31 General NotesStructure and formattingChapter 31 begins with 9 verses from King Lemuel. The last portion of this chapter is a poem about a godly wife. (See: [[rc://*/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]]) King LemuelThis person is unknown in Scripture, other than here. It is important to recognize that the words in this chapter are words of his mother addressed to him. They are formed like advice of a mother to her son. Special concepts in this chapterAn acrostic poemVerse 10 through 31 is tightly formed as a poem in the original language. There are 22 lines in the Hebrew language that each begin with a successive letter of the alphabet. However, each language will have a different set of letters. Therefore, it is important to realize this was a single composition with a single theme of a noble or godly wife. ThemesThere are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc:///tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]]) | |||
2395 | 31:2 | nw5l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | What, my son? What is it, son of my womb? What do you want, son of my vows? | 0 | The rhetorical question What could mean: (1) “What are you doing?” or “You should not be doing what you are doing” or (2) “What shall I tell you?” or “Listen to what I am telling you” or (3) “Do not do the things I am about to warn you against.” | |
2396 | 31:2 | ag7f | my son … son of my womb … son of my vows | 0 | The speaker wants the hearer to notice carefully and to respect the one who is talking to him. | ||
2397 | 31:2 | ye5f | son of my womb | 0 | The womb is a synecdoche for the person. It is best to use a polite term for the body part in which babies grow before they are born. | ||
2398 | 31:2 | p2hh | son of my vows | 0 | Here, vows could mean: (1) the mother’s marriage vows or (2) a vow after she married that if God allowed her to have a child she would dedicate him to God. | ||
2399 | 31:3 | irw8 | Do not give your strength to women | 0 | “Do not work hard trying to have sex with women,” either outside of marriage or with concubines. | ||
2400 | 31:3 | tuq5 | or your ways to those who destroy kings | 0 | Alternate translation: “or allow those who destroy kings to advise you” | ||
2401 | 31:3 | j3yt | your ways | 0 | This could mean: (1) “the way you live your life” or (2) “the work you do” | ||
2402 | 31:3 | v8um | those who destroy kings | 0 | probably the immoral “women” to whom he is not to give his strength | ||
2403 | 31:4 | s8mw | Lemuel | 0 | This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in Proverbs 31:1. | ||
2404 | 31:5 | ex8n | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | what has been decreed | 0 | This can be translated in active form. This could mean: (1) “what God has decreed” or (2) “what the kings themselves have decreed” | |
2405 | 31:5 | w2jv | pervert the rights of all the afflicted | 0 | Alternate translation: “deny afflicted people their legal rights” | ||
2406 | 31:5 | y3ds | pervert | 0 | exchange good for evil | ||
2407 | 31:5 | mdn6 | all the afflicted | 0 | Alternate translation: “all those people whom others wrongfully harm” | ||
2408 | 31:6 | q63s | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | and wine | 0 | The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “and give wine” | |
2409 | 31:6 | i7g7 | in bitter distress | 0 | Alternate translation: “who’s souls are bitter” or “who are in misery” | ||
2410 | 31:7 | f15v | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | his poverty | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word poverty, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “how poor he is” | |
2411 | 31:7 | cb4b | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | his trouble | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word trouble, you could express the same idea with a clause. Alternate translation: “the bad things that are happening to him” | |
2412 | 31:8 | r3tl | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | Speak for those who cannot speak | 0 | Speaking is a metonym for using words to defend innocent people. Alternate translation: “Defend those who cannot defend themselves” | |
2413 | 31:8 | mxp7 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | for the causes of all who are perishing | 0 | The cause represents the person whose cause it is. Alternate translation: “so that people will treat all who are perishing justly” | |
2414 | 31:8 | e1y9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-ellipsis | for the causes | 0 | The ellipsis can be filled in. Alternate translation: “speak for the causes” or “speak out for” | |
2415 | 31:9 | yc2m | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet | poor and needy people | 0 | These two words have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. Alternate translation: “people who are poor and cannot get the things that they need” | |
2416 | 31:10 | ufh2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion | Who can find a capable wife? | 0 | The writer asks a question to show that he is beginning a new section. Alternate translation: “Not many men can find a capable wife.” or “Not many men can find a wife who is able to do many things well.” | |
2417 | 31:10 | v97s | Her value is far more than jewels | 0 | Alternate translation: “She is more precious than jewels” | ||
2418 | 31:11 | i7un | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes | he will never be poor | 0 | This litotes can be stated positively. Alternate translation: “he will always have what he needs” | |
2419 | 31:13 | usy5 | wool | 0 | sheep’s hair that is used to make cloth | ||
2420 | 31:13 | xs1v | flax | 0 | a plant whose fiber is used to make linen | ||
2421 | 31:13 | n9qr | with the delight of her hands | 0 | Possible meanings are that the word delight describes: (1) how she feels as she works, “gladly with her hands,” or (2) how she feels about the wool and flax, “with her hands on things that she enjoys working with” | ||
2422 | 31:14 | h984 | merchant | 0 | someone who buys and sells | ||
2423 | 31:15 | ry3t | distributes the work for her female servants | 0 | Alternate translation: “tells her female servants what work each of them is to do that day” | ||
2424 | 31:16 | fgc9 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | the fruit of her hands | 0 | The money she has earned from the work she did with wool and flax (Proverbs 31:13) is spoken of as if it were fruit growing off a tree. The hands are a synecdoche for the person. Alternate translation: “the money she has earned” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
2425 | 31:17 | vv53 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | She dresses herself with strength | 0 | Putting on clothes is a metonym for preparing for work. Alternate translation: “She prepares herself for hard physical work” | |
2426 | 31:17 | fn86 | makes her arms strong | 0 | Alternate translation: “she strengthens her arms by doing her work” | ||
2427 | 31:18 | d4np | perceives | 0 | sees by looking carefully | ||
2428 | 31:18 | jpw6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole | all night long her lamp is not extinguished | 0 | This is probably an exaggeration: she works late into the night, but not from dusk to dawn. Alternate translation: “She burns a lamp through the night as she works” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) | |
2429 | 31:19 | d3iv | spindle | 0 | a thin rod or stick with pointed ends that is used in making thread | ||
2430 | 31:20 | en6l | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | reaches out with her hand to poor | 0 | The hand is a metonym for the help the woman uses her hand to give. Alternate translation: “helps poor” | |
2431 | 31:20 | s1we | reaches out with her hands to | 0 | These words translate the same words translated “puts her hands on” in Proverbs 31:19. | ||
2432 | 31:21 | tt96 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | are clothed in scarlet | 0 | Here “scarlet” does not refer to the color of the cloth, but that the clothing is expensive and warm. Alternate translation: “have expensive, warm clothing” | |
2433 | 31:21 | ail4 | scarlet | 0 | The color red, but with a hint of orange. | ||
2434 | 31:22 | a3x1 | linen | 0 | cloth made of flax yarn | ||
2435 | 31:23 | ra37 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | Her husband is known | 0 | This can be translated in active form. The verb “know” is a metonym for respect. Alternate translation: “People respect her husband” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) | |
2436 | 31:23 | dbz1 | when he sits with the elders of the land | 0 | to make laws and settle arguments | ||
2437 | 31:24 | d6wi | linen | 0 | cloth made from flax yarn | ||
2438 | 31:24 | ghw5 | sashes | 0 | long pieces of cloth worn around the waist or over one shoulder | ||
2439 | 31:25 | k3bi | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | She is clothed with strength and honor | 0 | Having strength and honor is spoken of as if the woman were wearing them. This can be translated in active form. The abstract nouns “strength” and “honor” can be translated by an adjective and a verb, respectively. Alternate translation: “Everyone can see that she is strong, and so they honor her” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2440 | 31:25 | a29g | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole | laughs at the time to come | 0 | This is probably an exaggeration to show that she is not afraid. Alternate translation: “is not afraid of what will happen in the future” | |
2441 | 31:26 | lb6q | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | opens her mouth with wisdom | 0 | The act of opening her mouth is a metonym for speaking. If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word wisdom, you could express the same idea with an adverb or an adjective. Alternate translation: “she speaks wisely” or “she speaks wise words” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]]) | |
2442 | 31:26 | q9jl | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | the law of kindness is on her tongue | 0 | The phrase “on her tongue” refers to her speaking, as the tongue is part of the mouth. The phrase “the law of kindness” refers to her teaching people to be kind. Alternate translation: “she teaches people to be kind” | |
2443 | 31:27 | uqe6 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | watches over the ways of her household | 0 | The word “ways” refers to the way people live. Alternate translation: “makes sure her whole family lives in a way that pleases God” | |
2444 | 31:27 | ynb8 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom | does not eat the bread of idleness | 0 | To “eat the bread of” something means to do something. Alternate translation: “she is not idle” | |
2445 | 31:27 | j79l | idleness | 0 | doing nothing and being lazy | ||
2446 | 31:28 | hq5u | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | rise up and | 0 | This could mean: (1) literally “stand up and” or (2) as a metonym, “actively.” | |
2447 | 31:28 | lqv2 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-quotations | call her blessed | 0 | saying that good things have happened to her because she has done good things. This can be translated as a direct quote. Alternate translation: “congratulate her” or “say, ‘Yay, Mom!’” | |
2448 | 31:29 | fl85 | you surpassed | 0 | Alternate translation: “you have done better than” | ||
2449 | 31:30 | e8cj | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | Elegance is deceptive | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word elegance, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “A gracious woman can deceive people” or “A woman with good manners could really be evil” See how you translated this in Proverbs 11:16. | |
2450 | 31:30 | qcq1 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns | beauty is vain | 0 | If your language does not use an abstract noun for the idea behind the word beauty, you could express the same idea with an adjective. Alternate translation: “a woman who is beautiful now will not always be beautiful” | |
2451 | 31:30 | k9e4 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive | she will be praised | 0 | This can be translated in active form. Alternate translation: “people will praise her” | |
2452 | 31:31 | df11 | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor | the fruit of her hands | 0 | The money she has earned from the work she did with wool and flax (Proverbs 31:13) is spoken of as if it were fruit growing off a tree. The hands are a synecdoche for the person. See how you translated this in Proverbs 31:16. Alternate translation: “the money she has earned” (See also: [[rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]) | |
2453 | 31:31 | ef6y | rc://*/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy | let her works praise her in the gates | 0 | She will be praised for her works, not by her works. Those “in the gates” are the important people of the city who conduct business and legal affairs near the gates of the city. Alternate translation: “may the important people of the city praise her because of the works she has done” | |
2454 | 9:3 | ugn5 | her maids | 0 |