80 lines
4.0 KiB
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80 lines
4.0 KiB
ReStructuredText
:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/gender_masculine.rst
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.. _gender_masculine:
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Gender Masculine
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================
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.. include:: includes/gender_masculine-summary.rst
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Article
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-------
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In Biblical Hebrew, :ref:`nouns<noun>` are classified according to gender, either masculine, :ref:`feminine<gender_feminine>`, or
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sometimes :ref:`both<gender_both>`. Grammatical modifiers (such as :ref:`adjectives<adjective>`, :ref:`active<participle_active>`
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and :ref:`passive<participle_passive>` participles, :ref:`pronouns<pronoun>`, :ref:`pronominal suffixes<suffix_pronominal>`)
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change their endings in order to agree with the gender of the term they refer to. A :ref:`finite verb<verb-finite>`
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with masculine gender indicates a masculine subject. All references to male persons in Biblical Hebrew are masculine.
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However, other entities apart from people can also be classified as maculine. For example, the :ref:`proper names <noun_proper_name>`
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of nations and tribes are often masculine in Biblical Hebrew. Some :ref:`particles<particle>` are also marked for gender
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in Biblical Hebrew.
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.. note:: Some nouns appear to be masculine but are actually feminine, even some common
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nouns such as אֵם (mother) and אֶרֶץ (earth). These nouns are feminine even though they do NOT take feminine
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endings. A dictionary orlexicon will indicate the proper gender for each word.
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Form
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----
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Masculine :ref:`singular<number_singular>` :ref:`nouns<noun>` and :ref:`adjectives<adjective>` have no unique ending;
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they are the standard dictionary form. Masculine :ref:`dual<number_dual>` terms end in ־ַיִם (pataq-yod-hireq-final mem),
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as in אַפַּיִם (nostrils). Masculine :ref:`plural<number_plural>` terms usually end in ־ִים (hireq-yod-final mem),
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as in אֲנָשִׁים (men). There is a whole family of :ref:`verbal<verb>` prefixes and suffixes that indicate feminine gender for
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:ref:`finite<verb-finite>` verbs.
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.. csv-table:: Masculine Noun Forms
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Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
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masculine singular absolute,סוּס,sus,stallion
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masculine singular construct,סוּס,sus,stallion of
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masculine plural absolute,סוּסִים,susim,stallions
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masculine plural construct,סוּסֵי,suse,stallions of
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.. csv-table:: Qal Suffix Conjugation Masculine Forms
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Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
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second person masculine singular,קָטַלְתָּ,qatalta,you killed
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second person masculine plural,קְטַלְתֶּם,qetaltem,you killed
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third person masculine singular,קָטַל,qatal,he killed
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.. csv-table:: Qal Prefix Conjugation Masculine Forms
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Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
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second person masculine singular,תִּקְטֹל,tiqtol,you will kill
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second person masculine plural,תִּקְטְל,tiqtelu,you will kill
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third person masculine singular,יִקְטֹל,yiqtol,he will kill
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third person masculine plural,יִקְטְלוּ,yiqtelu,they will kill
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.. csv-table:: Independent Personal Pronoun Masculine Forms
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Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
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second person masculine singular,אַתָּה,'attah,you
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second person masculine plural,אַתֶּם,'attem,you
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third person masculine singular,הוּא,hu,he / it
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third person masculine plural,הֵם / הֵמָּה,hem / hemmah,they
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.. csv-table:: Object Pronoun Masculine Forms
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Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
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second person masculine singular,אֹתְךָ,'othekha,you
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second person masculine plural,אֹתְכֶֶם,'othekhem,you
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third person masculine singular,אֹתוֹ,'otho,him / it
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third person masculine plural,אֶתְהֶם / אֹתָם,'ethhem / 'otham,them
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.. csv-table:: Pronominal Suffix Masculine Forms
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Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
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second person masculine singular,לְךָ / - ְךָ,lekha / -ekha,(to) you
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second person masculine plural,לָכֶם / -כֶם,lakhem / -khem,(to) you
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third person masculine singular,לוֹ / -וֹ,lo / -o,(to) him
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third person masculine plural,לָהֶם / -הֶם / - ָם,lahem / -hem / -am,(to) them
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