148 lines
5.9 KiB
ReStructuredText
148 lines
5.9 KiB
ReStructuredText
:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/participle_active.rst
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.. _participle_active:
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Participle Active
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=================
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Summary
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-------
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.. include:: includes/participle_active-summary.rst
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Article
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-------
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.. include:: includes/participle-article.rst
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.. include:: includes/participle_active-article.rst
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Form
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----
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.. csv-table:: Qal Active Participle Paradigm
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
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masculine singular Absolute,קֹטֵל,qotel,killing / killer
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feminine singular Absolute,קֹטֶלֶת / קֹטְלָה,qotelet / qotelah,killing / killer
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masculine plural Absolute,קֹטְלִים,qotelim,killing / killers
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feminine plural Absolute,קֹטְלוֹת,qoteloth,killing / killers
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.. csv-table:: Hiphil Active Participle Paradigm
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
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masculine singular Absolute,מַקְטִיל,maqtil,causing to kill
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feminine singular Absolute,מַקְטֶלֶת,maqteleth,causing to kill
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masculine plural Absolute,מַקְטִילִים,maqtilim,causing to kill
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feminine plural Absolute,מַקְטִילוֹת,maqtiloth,causing to kill
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.. csv-table:: Piel Active Participle Paradigm
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
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masculine singular Absolute,מְקַטֵּל,meqattel,slaughtering
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feminine singular Absolute,מְקַטֶּלֶת,meqatteleth,slaughtering
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masculine plural Absolute,מְקַטְּלִים,meqattelim,slaughtering
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feminine plural Absolute,מְקַטְּלוֹת,meqatteloth,slaughtering
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Function
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--------
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.. include:: includes/participle_active-function.rst
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.. include:: includes/participle_active-function-heb-aram.rst
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.. _participle_active-verbal:
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.. note:: The subject of a verbal participle usually
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precedes the participle, in contrast to the normal conventions of Hebrew
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:ref:`word order<word_order>`.
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.. _participle_active-verbal-VC:
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.. include:: participle_active-verbal-VC.rst
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.. csv-table:: Example: HOS 2:10 –– expressing stative action
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"יָעַ֥צְתָּ בֹּ֖שֶׁת לְבֵיתֶ֑ךָ קְצוֹת־עַמִּ֥ים רַבִּ֖ים **וְחוֹטֵ֥א**
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נַפְשֶֽׁךָ"
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"ya'atsta bosheth levethekha qetsoth-'ammim rabbim **wehote**
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nafshekha"
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"you-have-devised shame to-your-house cutting-off\_peoples many
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**and-making-guilty** your-soul"
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"You have devised shame for your house by cutting off many people,
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**and have sinned** against yourself"
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.. csv-table:: Example: 1SA 28:14 –– expressing simple durative action
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"עוֹדֶ֖נּוּ **מְדַבֵּ֣ר** עִמָּ֑ם וְרָחֵ֣ל׀ בָּ֗אָה עִם־הַצֹּאן֙
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אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְאָבִ֔יהָ"
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'odennu **medabber** 'immam werahel ba'ah 'im-hatson 'asher le'aviha
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"still-he **was-speaking** with-them and-Rachel came with\_the-sheep
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that to-her-father"
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"While Jacob **was** still **speaking** with them, Rachel came with
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her father's sheep,"
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.. csv-table:: Example: NEH 1:4 –– two participles paired with finite verb היה
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וָֽאֱהִ֥י **צָם֙ וּמִתְפַּלֵּ֔ל** לִפְנֵ֖י אֱלֹהֵ֥י הַשָּׁמָֽיִם
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wa'ehi **tsam umithpallel** lifne 'elohe hashamayim
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and-I-was **fasting and-praying** before God-of the-heavens
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I **was fasting and praying** before the God of heaven.
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.. _participle_active-verbal-MV:
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.. include:: participle_active-verbal-MV.rst
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.. csv-table:: Example: 1SA 3:8 –– expressing frequentive action
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וַיָּ֣בֶן עֵלִ֔י כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה **קֹרֵ֥א** לַנָּֽעַר
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wayyaven 'eli ki yehwah **qore** lanna'ar
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and-he-understood Eli that Yahweh **was-calling** to-the-boy
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Then Eli realized that Yahweh **had called** the boy.
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.. csv-table:: Example: 1SA 28:14 –– expressing simple durative action
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וַתֹּ֗אמֶר אִ֤ישׁ זָקֵן֙ עֹלֶ֔ה
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wattomer 'ish zaqen **'oleh**
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and-she-said man old **is-going-up**
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"She said, ""An old man **is coming up**"
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.. csv-table:: Example: 1SA 3:11 –– expressing imminent action
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הִנֵּ֧ה אָנֹכִ֛י **עֹשֶׂ֥ה** דָבָ֖ר בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל
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hinneh 'anokhi **'oseh** davar beyisra'el
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Behold I **am-doing** thing in-Israel
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"See, I **am about to do** something in Israel"
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.. _participle_active-adjectival:
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.. include:: includes/participle-adjectival.rst
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.. csv-table:: Example: DEU 4:24 –– a participle functioning by itself as an adjective
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כִּ֚י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ אֵ֥שׁ אֹכְלָ֖ה
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ki yehwah 'eloheykha 'esh **'okhelah**
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for Yahweh your-God fire **eating**
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For Yahweh your God is a **devouring** fire
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.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 1:12 –– a participle introducing a clause functioning as an adjective
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"וַתּוֹצֵ֨א הָאָ֜רֶץ דֶּ֠שֶׁא עֵ֣שֶׂב **מַזְרִ֤יעַ** זֶ֙רַע֙
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לְמִינֵ֔הוּ"
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wattotse ha'arets deshe 'esev **mazria'** zera' leminehu
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"and-it-sprouted-forth the-earth grass crops **yielding** seed
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to-its-kind"
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"The earth produced vegetation, plants **producing** seed after their
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kind"
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.. _participle_active-nominal:
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.. include:: includes/participle-nominal.rst
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.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 1:30 –– a participle functioning by itself as a noun
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וּלְכֹ֣ל׀ **רוֹמֵ֣שׂ** עַל־הָאָ֗רֶץ
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ulekhol **romes** 'al-ha'arets
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and-to-all **crawlers** on\_the-earth
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and to everything **that creeps** upon the earth
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.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 26:11 –– a participle introducing a relative clause functioning
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as a noun
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הַנֹּגֵ֜עַ בָּאִ֥ישׁ הַזֶּ֛ה וּבְאִשְׁתּ֖וֹ מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת
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**hannogea'** ba'ish hazzeh uve'ishto moth yumath
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"**the-one-touching** in-the-man the-this and-in-his-wife dying
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he-will-be-made-dead"
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**Whoever touches** this man or his wife will surely be put to death.
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