97 lines
3.6 KiB
ReStructuredText
97 lines
3.6 KiB
ReStructuredText
:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/verb_cohortative.rst
|
|
|
|
.. _verb_cohortative:
|
|
|
|
Verb Cohortative
|
|
================
|
|
|
|
Summary
|
|
-------
|
|
|
|
The cohortative form is used to express indirect commands and other
|
|
similar actions with varying degrees of desirability as determined by
|
|
the context.
|
|
|
|
Article
|
|
-------
|
|
|
|
The Cohortative form looks very similar to the :ref:`Imperfect<verb_imperfect>`
|
|
but functions in a sentence more like an
|
|
:ref:`Imperative<verb_imperative>`.
|
|
Cohortative verbs appear only in :ref:`first person<person_first>`
|
|
forms. (Similarly, imperatives appear only in :ref:`second person<person_second>`
|
|
forms, and
|
|
:ref:`Jussive<verb_jussive>`
|
|
usually appear in :ref:`third person<person_third>`
|
|
forms.) A Cohortative
|
|
:ref:`verb<verb>`
|
|
does not carry the full force of a command ("We *must* do this!"), but
|
|
it conveys a stronger meaning than a simple suggestion or statement of
|
|
possibilty ("We *could* do this."). The meaning is somewhere in the
|
|
middle. In English, a Cohortative is often translated with a helping
|
|
verb such as "let" or "want" or "will," depending on the context (*"Let
|
|
us do this!"* or *"I want to do this!"*). Thus, the Cohortative verb
|
|
functions as an indirect command; the reader must examine the context to
|
|
determine the strength of desirability being expressed in each specific
|
|
instance.
|
|
|
|
Form
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
.. csv-table:: Cohortative Paradigm
|
|
:header-rows: 1
|
|
|
|
Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
|
|
Qal singular,אֶקְטֹלָה,'eqtolah,let me kill
|
|
Qal plural,נִקְטֹהלָה,niqtohlah,let us kill
|
|
Niphal singular,אֶקָּטֵלָה,'eqqatelah,let me be killed
|
|
Niphal plural,נִקָּטֵלָה,niqqatelah,let us be killed
|
|
Hiphil singular,אַקְטִילָה,'aqtilah,let me cause to kill
|
|
Hiphil plural,נַקְטִילָה,naqtilah,let us cause to kill
|
|
Piel singular,אֲקַטֵּלָה,'eqattelah,let me slaughter
|
|
Piel plural,נְקַטֵּלָה,niqattelah,let us slaughter
|
|
Hithpael singular,אֶתְקַטֵּלָה,'ethqattelah,let me kill myself
|
|
Hithpael plural,נִתְקַטֵּלָה,nithqattelah,let us kill ourselves
|
|
|
|
Function
|
|
--------
|
|
|
|
The Cohortative form can indicate any of the following kinds of actions:
|
|
|
|
Indirect commands
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
.. csv-table:: Example: ISA 2:5
|
|
|
|
בֵּ֖ית יַעֲקֹ֑ב לְכ֥וּ **וְנֵלְכָ֖ה** בְּא֥וֹר יְהוָֽה
|
|
beth ya'aqov lekhu **wenelekhah** be'or yehwah
|
|
House-of Jacob come **and-let-us-walk** in-light-of Yahweh.
|
|
"House of Jacob, come, **and let us walk** in the light of Yahweh."
|
|
|
|
Actions of greater or lesser desirability
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
These may include instructions, requests, permissions, invitations,
|
|
assurances, wishes, etc.
|
|
|
|
.. csv-table:: Example: JER 40:15
|
|
|
|
אֵ֤לְכָה נָּא֙ וְאַכֶּה֙ אֶת־יִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל בֶּן־נְתַנְיָ֔ה
|
|
**'elekhah** na' we'akkeh 'eth-yishma'el ben-nethanyah
|
|
**Let-me-go** oh and-I-will-kill [dir.obj]\_Ishmael son-of\_Nethaniah
|
|
**Allow me to go** kill Ishmael son of Nethaniah.
|
|
|
|
.. csv-table:: Example: EXO 3:3
|
|
|
|
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֔ה **אָסֻֽרָה**\ ־נָּ֣א וְאֶרְאֶ֔ה
|
|
wayyomer mosheh **'asurah**-nna **we'er'eh**
|
|
And-he-said Moses **let-me-turn-aside**\ \_oh **and-let-me-see**
|
|
"Moses said, ""**I will turn aside and see**"""
|
|
|
|
.. csv-table:: Example: PSA 25:2
|
|
|
|
אֱלֹהַ֗י בְּךָ֣ בָ֭טַחְתִּי אַל־אֵב֑וֹשָׁה
|
|
'elohay bekha vatahti 'al-**'evoshah**
|
|
My-God in-you I-trust not\_\ **let-me-be-ashamed**
|
|
"My God, I trust in you. **Do not let me be humiliated**"
|