94 lines
3.1 KiB
ReStructuredText
94 lines
3.1 KiB
ReStructuredText
:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/pronoun_indefinite.rst
|
|
|
|
.. _pronoun_indefinite:
|
|
|
|
Pronoun Indefinite
|
|
==================
|
|
|
|
Summary
|
|
-------
|
|
|
|
An indefinite pronoun is a pronoun that refers to a person(s) or thing(s) in general but not to any specific person or thing in
|
|
particular. In English, they are usually translated as "whoever” (in reference to persons) or "whatever" (when referring to
|
|
things).
|
|
|
|
Article
|
|
-------
|
|
|
|
Biblical Hebrew contains two indefinite pronouns, the pronoun מִי (in reference to persons) and the pronoun מָה
|
|
(in reference to things). These pronouns can also as :ref:`interrogative pronoun<pronoun_interrogative>`, especially when they
|
|
appear at the beginning of a clause/sentence. However, this is not a universal rule; the specific use of these pronouns must
|
|
always be determined from the context. Indefinite pronouns function in a sentence almost exactly like a
|
|
:ref:`relative pronoun<pronoun_relative>` (see examples below).
|
|
|
|
Form
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
Indefinite pronouns do not change their form based on number, gender, or person. However, the vowels can change depending on the
|
|
vocalization of the word immediately following the pronoun.
|
|
|
|
Examples
|
|
--------
|
|
|
|
Personal indefinite pronoun (מִי)
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. csv-table:: Example: JDG 7:3
|
|
|
|
מִֽי־יָרֵ֣א
|
|
**mi**-yare
|
|
**Who**\ \_fears
|
|
**Whoever** is afraid
|
|
|
|
.. csv-table:: Example: EXO 32:26
|
|
|
|
מִ֥י לַיהוָ֖ה אֵלָ֑י
|
|
**mi** layhwah 'elay
|
|
**Who** to-Yahweh to-me.
|
|
"**Whoever** is on Yahweh's side, come to me"
|
|
|
|
.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 21:26
|
|
|
|
לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְתִּי **מִ֥י** עָשָׂ֖ה אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה
|
|
lo yada'ti **mi** 'asah 'eth-haddavar hazzeh
|
|
Not I-know **who** did [dir.obj]\_the-thing the-this.
|
|
I do not know **who** has done this thing.
|
|
|
|
.. csv-table:: Example: EXO 32:33
|
|
|
|
מִ֚י אֲשֶׁ֣ר חָֽטָא־לִ֔י
|
|
**mi** 'asher hata-li
|
|
**Who** which sinned\_to-me
|
|
**Whoever** has sinned against me
|
|
|
|
.. csv-table:: Example: JDG 10:18
|
|
|
|
מִ֣י הָאִ֔ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָחֵ֔ל לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם בִּבְנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן
|
|
**mi** ha'ish 'asher yahel lehillahem bivne 'ammon
|
|
**Who** the-man which begins to-fight with-sons-of Ammon?
|
|
**Who** is the man who will begin to fight the Ammonites?
|
|
|
|
Impersonal indefinite pronoun (מָה)
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. csv-table:: Example: 1SA 20:4
|
|
|
|
מַה־תֹּאמַ֥ר נַפְשְׁךָ֖ וְאֶֽעֱשֶׂה־לָּֽךְ
|
|
**mah**-ttomar nafshekha we'e'eseh-llakh
|
|
**What**\ \_you-say my-soul and-I-will-do\_for-you.
|
|
"**Whatever** you say, I will do for you."
|
|
|
|
.. csv-table:: Example: NUM 23:3
|
|
|
|
מַה־יַּרְאֵ֖נִי וְהִגַּ֣דְתִּי לָ֑ךְ
|
|
**mah**-yyar'eni wehiggadti lakh
|
|
**What**\ \_he-shows-me and-I-will-tell to-you.
|
|
**Whatever** he shows me I will tell you.
|
|
|
|
.. csv-table:: Example: ECC 3:15
|
|
|
|
מַה־שֶּֽׁהָיָה֙ כְּבָ֣ר ה֔וּא
|
|
**mah**-shehayah kevar hu
|
|
**What**\ \_which-exists already it
|
|
**Whatever** exists has already existed
|