149 lines
5.8 KiB
ReStructuredText
149 lines
5.8 KiB
ReStructuredText
:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/person_third.rst
|
|
|
|
.. _person_third:
|
|
|
|
Person Third
|
|
============
|
|
|
|
Summary
|
|
-------
|
|
|
|
The third person form of a term refers to a person(s) or thing(s) other than the writer/speaker and the person being addressed
|
|
by the writer/speaker.
|
|
|
|
Article
|
|
-------
|
|
|
|
In English, the third person pronouns include: "he", "him", "his", "she", or "her", for singular; and "they", "them",
|
|
or "their," for plural. In Biblical Hebrew, terms which are marked for third person can change form according to both gender
|
|
(:ref:`masculine<gender_masculine>` and :ref:`feminine<gender_feminine>`) and number (:ref:`singular<number_singular>` or
|
|
:ref:`plural<number_plural>`). In Biblical Hebrew, :ref:`verbs<verb>`, :ref:`pronouns<pronoun_personal>`,
|
|
and :ref:`pronominal suffixes<suffix_pronominal>` can all be marked for third person.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Form
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
In Biblical Hebrew, a term marked for third person can be recognized by a variety of
|
|
changes to the form. These changes differ greatly from each other, so it is difficult to sum them up
|
|
in a simple, helpful way. The paradigm below shows a sample of the kinds of changes that signal a third person form.
|
|
|
|
Paradigm
|
|
~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. csv-table:: Third Person Qal Suffix Conjugation Forms
|
|
|
|
Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
|
|
third person masculine singular",קָטַל,qatal,he killed
|
|
third person feminine singular",קָטְלָה,qatlah,she killed
|
|
third person common plural",קָטְלוּ,qatlu,they killed
|
|
|
|
.. csv-table:: Third Person Qal Prefix Conjugation Forms
|
|
|
|
Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
|
|
third person masculine singular",יִקְטֹל,yiqtol,he will kill
|
|
third person feminine singular",תִּקְטֹל,tiqtol,she will kill
|
|
third person masculine plural",יִקְטְלוּ,yiqtelu,they will kill
|
|
third person feminine plural",תִּקְטֹלְנָה,tiqtolenah,they will kill
|
|
|
|
.. csv-table:: Third Person Indepdent Personal Pronoun Forms
|
|
|
|
Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
|
|
third person masculine singular",הוּא,hu,he / it
|
|
third person feminine singular",הִיא / הִוא,hi / hiw,she / it
|
|
third person masculine plural",הֵם / הֵמָּה,hem / hemmah,they
|
|
third person feminine plural",הֵן / הֵנָּה,hen / hennah,they
|
|
|
|
.. csv-table:: Third Person Object Pronoun Forms
|
|
|
|
Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
|
|
third person masculine singular",אֹתוֹ,'otho,him / it
|
|
third person feminine singular",אֹתָהּ,'othah,her / it
|
|
third person masculine plural",אֶתְהֶם / אֹתָם,'ethhem / 'otham,them
|
|
third person feminine plural",אֶתְהֶן / אֹתָן,'ethhen / 'othan,them
|
|
|
|
.. csv-table:: Third Person Pronominal Suffix Forms
|
|
|
|
Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
|
|
third person masculine singular",לוֹ / -וֹ,lo / -o,(to) him
|
|
third person feminine singular",לָהּ / - ָהּ,lah / -ah,(to) her
|
|
third person masculine plural",לָהֶם / -הֶם / - ָם,lahem / -hem / -am,(to) them
|
|
third person feminine plural",לָהֶן / -הֶן / - ָן,lahen / -hen / -an,(to) them
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Examples
|
|
--------
|
|
|
|
:ref:`Finite verb<verb-finite>` marked for third person
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
A :ref:`finite verb<verb-finite>` (and/or :ref:`verbal participle<participle_active-verbal>`) in third person form
|
|
indicates that the subject of the verb is someone/something other than the writer/speaker or the person being addressed.
|
|
|
|
.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 12:1
|
|
|
|
וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־אַבְרָ֔ם
|
|
**wayyomer** yehwah 'el-'avram
|
|
**and-he-said** Yahweh to\_Abram
|
|
**Now** Yahweh **said** to Abram
|
|
|
|
:ref:`Personal pronoun<pronoun_personal>` marked for third person
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
A third person indpendent personal pronoun refers either to a person/thing (for singular) or group of persons/things (for plural)
|
|
other than the writer/speaker and the person being addressed by the writer/speaker.
|
|
|
|
.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 36:1
|
|
|
|
עֵשָׂ֖ו \ **ה֥וּא** אֱדֽוֹם
|
|
'esaw **hu** 'edom
|
|
Esau **he** Edom
|
|
Esau (**also called** Edom)
|
|
|
|
:ref:`Pronominal suffix<suffix_pronominal>` marked for third person
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
A third person pronominal suffix usually functions either as a personal pronoun (for verbs and prepositions) or as a possessive
|
|
adjective (for nouns).
|
|
|
|
As :ref:`attached to a verb<verb>`
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 37:14
|
|
|
|
וַיִּשְׁלָחֵ֨הוּ֙ מֵעֵ֣מֶק חֶבְרֹ֔ון וַיָּבֹ֖א שְׁכֶֽמָה׃
|
|
**wayyishlahehu** me'emeq hevrown wayyavo shekhemah
|
|
**and-he-sent-him** from-the-Valley-of Hebron and-he-went to-Shechem.
|
|
"**So he sent him out** of the Valley of Hebron, and he went to
|
|
Shechem."
|
|
|
|
As :ref:`attached to a noun<suffix_pronominal-nouns>`
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
.. csv-table:: Example: 2SA 17:23
|
|
|
|
וַיָּ֜קָם וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אֶל־\ **בֵּיתוֹ֙** אֶל־עִיר֔וֹ
|
|
wayyaqom wayyelekh 'el-**betho** 'el-**'iro**
|
|
And-he-stood-up and-went to\_\ **his-house** to\_\ **his-city**
|
|
He went **home** to **his own city**
|
|
|
|
As :ref:`attached to a preposition<suffix_pronominal-prepositions>`
|
|
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
|
|
|
.. csv-table:: Example: JOB 39:12
|
|
|
|
הֲתַאֲמִ֣ין בֹּ֖ו
|
|
hatha'amin **bow**
|
|
Do-you-believe **in-him**?
|
|
Will you depend **on him**?
|
|
|
|
.. csv-table:: Example: 2KI 17:15
|
|
|
|
אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֹתָ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֖י עֲשֹׂ֥ות כָּהֶֽם׃
|
|
'asher tsiwwah yehwah 'otham levilti 'asowth kahem
|
|
"whom had-commanded Yahweh [dir.obj]-them to-abstain doing
|
|
**like-them**"
|
|
those that Yahweh had commanded them not to do **like them**.
|