62 lines
3.0 KiB
ReStructuredText
62 lines
3.0 KiB
ReStructuredText
:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/particle_direct_object_marker.rst
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.. _particle_direct_object_marker:
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Particle Direct Object Marker
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=============================
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Summary
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-------
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This particle immediately precedes the term that functions as the direct object of a verb.
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Article
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-------
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As the name suggests, the direct object marker indicates the direct object of some verb. It does this by directly preceding
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the :ref:`noun<noun>` or phrase that functions as the direct object of a :ref:`verb<verb>` (either :ref:`finite<verb-finite>` or
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:ref:`non-finite<verb-non-finite>`). The direct object marker does not occur before *every* direct object, but it usually appears
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in places where there might be confusion. Thus, the direct object marker is not strictly necessary in Biblical Hebrew. Many
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languages, including English, do not have any specific word or symbol that serves a similar function; instead, those languages
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use other means of indicating the direct object of a verb (such as word order). Therefore, in many translations this particle
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is never translated.
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The standard form of the direct object marker is אֵת. It can take both the prefixed :ref:`conjunction<conjunction>`
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and/or a :ref:`pronominal suffix<suffix_pronominal>`.
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.. note:: The direct object marker is easily confused with the preposition
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אֵת ("with") which has an identical standard form. When taking a
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pronominal suffix, however, the two words can be distinguished by the
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vowel they each select. The direct object marker takes a holem or holem-waw
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vowel with an attached suffix (אוֹתִי or אֹתִי), whereas the preposition
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takes a hireq vowel (אִתִּי) with an attached suffix.
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.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 1:1 –– marking individual nouns as direct objects
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בָּרָ֣א אֱלֹהִ֑ים **אֵ֥ת** הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם **וְאֵ֥ת** הָאָֽרֶץ׃
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ara 'elohim **'eth** hashamayim **we'eth** ha'arets
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he-created God **[dir.obj]** the-heavens **and-[dir.obj]** the-earth
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God created the heavens and the earth
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.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 1:29 –– marking an entire phrase as the direct object
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נָתַ֨תִּי לָכֶ֜ם **אֶת**\ ־כָּל־עֵ֣שֶׂב׀ זֹרֵ֣עַ זֶ֗רַע
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nathatti lakhem **'eth**-kol-'esev zorea' zera'
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I-have-given to-you **[dir.obj]**\ \_every\_plant seeding seed
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I have given you every plant yielding seed
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.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 2:10 –– marking the direct object of a non-finite verb
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וְנָהָרּ֙ יֹצֵ֣א מֵעֵ֔דֶן לְהַשְׁק֖וֹת **אֶת**\ ־הַגָּ֑ן
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wenahar yotse me'eden lehashqoth **'eth**-haggan
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"And-a-river going-out from-Eden to-irrigate
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**[dir.obj]**\ \_the-garden"
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A river went out of Eden to water the garden.
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.. csv-table:: Example: JDG 10:13 –– with 1st common singular pronominal suffix
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וְאַתֶּם֙ עֲזַבְתֶּ֣ם אֹותִ֔י
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we'attem 'azavtem **'owthi**
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And-you have-left **[dir.obj]-me**
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Yet you abandoned me
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