110 lines
3.3 KiB
ReStructuredText
110 lines
3.3 KiB
ReStructuredText
:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/adjective_ordinal_number.rst
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.. _adjective_ordinal_number:
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Adjective Ordinal Number
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========================
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Summary
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-------
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In Biblical Hebrew, ordinal numbers are used to express a rank or order
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of items in a series (first, second, third, etc.) or to express a part
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of a whole (a third, a fourth, a fifth, etc.).
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Article
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-------
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Biblical Hebrew contains two sets of numbers: :ref:`cardinal numbers<adjective_cardinal_number>`
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and ordinal numbers. Ordinal numbers describe either a numeric
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rank/order or a portion of a whole. "First" through "tenth" have unique
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ordinal forms, but the cardinal forms are used from "eleventh" and
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higher. Ordinal numbers function as :ref:`attributive adjectives<adjective-attributive>`,
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but they may not always have the same grammatical form (gender, number,
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:ref:`definiteness<definiteness>`) as the noun they describe.
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.. note:: Sometimes a cardinal form is used, but an ordinal meaning is
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clearly indicated from the context (see examples below).
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"First" through "Tenth"
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-----------------------
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.. csv-table:: "First" through "Tenth" Paradigm
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word,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
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masculine,רִאֹשׁוֹן,ri'oshon,first
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masculine,שֵׁנִי,sheni,second
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masculine,שְׁלִישִׁי,shelishi,third
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masculine,רְבִיעִי,rebi'i,fourth
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masculine,חֲמִישִׁי,hamishi,fifth
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masculine,שִׁשִּׁי,shishi,sixth
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masculine,שְׁבִיעִי,shevi'i,seventh
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masculine,שְׁמִינִי,shemini,eighth
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masculine,תְּשִׁיעִי,teshi'i,ninth
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masculine,עֲשִׂירִי,'asiri,tenth
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.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 47:18
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בַּשָּׁנָ֣ה הַשֵּׁנִ֗ית
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bashanah **hashenith**
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in-the-year **the-second**
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in **the second** year
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The following example is a :ref:`definite<definiteness>`
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ordinal number describing an indefinite noun.
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.. csv-table:: Example: DEU 5:14
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וְי֙וֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י
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weyom **hashevi'i**
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and-day **the-seventh**
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and **the seventh** day
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The following examples show cardinal numbers functioning as ordinal numbers.
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.. csv-table:: Example: 2KI 15:32
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בִּשְׁנַ֣ת שְׁתַּ֔יִם
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bishnath **shetayim**
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in-year two
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in **the second** year
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.. csv-table:: Example: 2SA 4:2
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שֵׁם֩ **הָאֶחָ֨ד** ... וְשֵׁ֧ם הַשֵּׁנִ֣י
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ushene **'anashim** ... weshem **hasheni**
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name-of **the-one** ... and-name-of **the-two**
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the name of **the first** ... and the name of **the second**
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"Eleventh" and higher
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---------------------
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The
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:ref:`cardinal<adjective_cardinal_number>`
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forms are used for ordinal numbers higher than ten ("eleventh",
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"twelfth", etc.).
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.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 7:11
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בְּשִׁבְעָֽה־עָשָׂ֥ר יֹ֖ום
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**beshiv'ah-'asar** yowm
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**in seven\_ten** day
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**on the seventeenth** day
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.. csv-table:: Example: 1KI 19:19
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וְה֖וּא בִּשְׁנֵ֣ים הֶעָשָׂ֑ר
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wehu **bishnem he'asar**
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and-he **in-two the-ten**
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and he was **with the twelfth**
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Part of a whole
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---------------
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.. csv-table:: Example: GEN 47:24
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וּנְתַתֶּ֥ם **חֲמִישִׁ֖ית** לְפַרְעֹ֑ה
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unethattem **hamishith** lefar'oh
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and-you-must-give **a-fifth** to-Pharaoh
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you must give **one fifth** of the crop to the king
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