107 lines
4.0 KiB
ReStructuredText
107 lines
4.0 KiB
ReStructuredText
:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/person_third.rst
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.. _person_third:
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Person Third
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============
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Summary
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-------
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The third person form of a term refers to a person(s) or thing(s) other than the writer/speaker and the person being addressed
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by the writer/speaker.
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Article
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-------
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In English, the third person pronouns include: "he", "him", "his", "she", or "her", for singular; and "they", "them",
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or "their," for plural. In Biblical Aramaic, terms which are marked for third person can change form according to both gender
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(:ref:`masculine<gender_masculine>` and :ref:`feminine<gender_feminine>`) and number (:ref:`singular<number_singular>` or
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:ref:`plural<number_plural>`). In Biblical Aramaic, :ref:`verbs<verb>`, :ref:`pronouns<pronoun_personal>`,
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and :ref:`pronominal suffixes<suffix_pronominal>` can all be marked for third person.
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Form
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----
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In Biblical Aramaic, a term marked for third person can be recognized by a variety of
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changes to the form. These changes differ greatly from each other, so it is difficult to sum them up
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in a simple, helpful way. The paradigm below shows a sample of the kinds of changes that signal a third person form.
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Paradigm
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~~~~~~~~
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.. csv-table:: Third Person Pe'al Stem Forms
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
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third person masculine singular perfect,כְּתַב,kethabh,"he wrote"
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third person feminine singular perfect,כִּתְבַת,kithbhath,"she wrote"
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third person masculine plural perfect,כְּתַבוּ,kethabhu,"they wrote"
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third person feminine plural perfect,כְּתַבָה,kethabhah,"they wrote"
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third person masculine singular imperfect,יִכְתֻּב,yikhtubh,"he will write"
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third person feminine singular imperfect,תִּכְתֻּב,tikhtubh,"she will write"
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third person masculine plural imperfect,יִכְתְּבוּן,yikhtebhun,"they will write"
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third person feminine plural imperfect,יִכְתְּבָן,yikhtebhan,"they will write"
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.. csv-table:: Third Person Indepdent Personal Pronoun Forms
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
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third person masculine singular",הוּא,hu',"he" or "it"
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third person feminine singular",הִיא,hiy',"she" or "it"
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third person masculine plural",הִמּוֹ (also הִמּוֹן or אִנּוּן),himmo (also himmon or 'innun),"they"
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third person feminine plural",אִנִּין,'inniyn,"they"
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.. csv-table:: Third Person Pronominal Suffix Forms
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
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third person masculine singular",־ֵהּ,-eh,"his" or "him"
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third person feminine singular",־ַהּ,-ah,"her"
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third person masculine plural",־הֹם,-hom,"their" or "them"
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third person feminine plural",־הֵן,-hen,"their" or "them"
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Examples
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--------
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:ref:`Finite verb<verb-finite>` marked for third person
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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A :ref:`finite verb<verb-finite>` (and/or :ref:`verbal participle<participle_active-verbal>`) in third person form
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indicates that the subject of the verb is someone/something other than the writer/speaker or the person being addressed.
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:ref:`Personal pronoun<pronoun_personal>` marked for third person
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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A third person indpendent personal pronoun refers either to a person/thing (for singular) or group of persons/things (for plural)
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other than the writer/speaker and the person being addressed by the writer/speaker.
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:ref:`Pronominal suffix<suffix_pronominal>` marked for third person
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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A third person pronominal suffix usually functions either as a personal pronoun (for verbs and prepositions) or as a possessive
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adjective (for nouns).
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As :ref:`attached to a verb<verb>`
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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As :ref:`attached to a noun<suffix_pronominal-nouns>`
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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As :ref:`attached to a preposition<suffix_pronominal-prepositions>`
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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