73 lines
3.0 KiB
ReStructuredText
73 lines
3.0 KiB
ReStructuredText
:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uag/src/branch/master/content/stem_pual.rst
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.. _stem_pual:
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Stem Pu'al
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==========
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Summary
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-------
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The Pu'al stem is the passive form of the Pa'el,
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and it generally expresses the passive voice of the meaning of a verb in the Pa'el stem.
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Article
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-------
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The Pu'al
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:ref:`stem<stem>`
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is the passive form of the :ref:`Pa'el<stem_pael>`
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formation in Biblical Aramaic. The Pu'al stem is usually indicated by a
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daghesh in the middle consonsant of the
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:ref:`verb`
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and a qibbuts vowel under the first consonant. Generally speaking, the
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Pu'al stem expresses the :ref:`passive<stem-voice-passive>` voice of the meaning of a verb in the
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Pa'el stem.
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In English, passive action is expressed using the helping verb "to be."
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In Biblical Aramaic, the passive nature of the verbal action is expressed
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by the Pu'al form of the verb itself without any helping verbs.
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.. include:: en_uhg/content/includes/consult_dictionary.txt
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Form
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----
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Paradigm
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~~~~~~~~
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.. csv-table:: Pu'al Perfect Paradigm
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
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masculine singular third person,כֻּתַּב,kuttabh,"he/it was written down"
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feminine singular third person,כֻּתְּבַת,kuttebhath,"she/it was written down"
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masculine singular second person,כֻּתַּבְתָּ,kuttabhta,"you were written down"
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feminine singular second person,כֻּתַּבְתִּי,kuttabhtiy,"you were written down"
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common singular first person,כֻּתְּבֵת,kuttebheth,"I was written down"
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masculine plural third person,כֻּתַּבוּ,kuttabhu,"they were written down"
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feminine plural third person,כֻּתַּבַה,kuttabhah,"they were written down"
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masculine plural second person,כֻּתַּבְתּוּן,kuttabhtun,"you were written down"
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feminine plural second person,כֻּתַּבְתֵּן,kuttabhten,"you were written down"
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common plural first person,כֻּתַּבְנָא,kuttabhna',"we were written down"
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.. csv-table:: Pu'al Participle (passive voice) Paradigm
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
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masculine singular,מְכַתַּב,mekhattabh,"being written down"
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feminine singular,מְכַתְּבָה,mekhattebhah,"being written down"
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masculine plural,מְכַתְּבִין,mekhattebhiyn,"being written down"
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feminine plural,מְכַתְּבָן,mekhattebhan,"being written down"
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Function
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~~~~~~~~
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Expresses the passive voice of the Pa'el stem
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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For most verbs that appear in both the Pa'el and Pu'al stems in Biblical
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Aramaic, the Pu'al stem expresses the same kind of action as the Piel stem
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(usually :ref:`resultative<stem-action-resultative>`) but in passive voice.
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A good example is the verb בָּקַע. In the :ref:`Pe'al<stem_peal>` stem,
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the verb בָּקַע means "to cut open" or "to break open" (simple action,
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active voice). But in the :ref:`Pa'el<stem_Piel>` stem, the verb בָּקַע means "to *rip*
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open" (intensive action, active voice). Thus, in the Pu'al stem, the verb
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בָּקַע means "to be ripped open" (intensive action, passive voice).
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