97 lines
4.4 KiB
ReStructuredText
97 lines
4.4 KiB
ReStructuredText
:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uag/src/branch/master/content/stem_hithpeel.rst
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.. _stem_hithpeel:
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Stem Hithpe'el
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==============
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Summary
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-------
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The Hithpe'el stem is related to the Pe'al stem formation,
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and it generally expresses the reflexive voice of the meaning of a verb in the Pe'al stem.
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Article
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-------
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The Hithpe'el stem is formed from the :ref:`Pe'al<stem_peal>` stem
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by adding the reflexive prefix (הִתְ) and changing the vowel under the
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2nd radical. Generally speaking, the Hithpe'el stem expresses the :ref:`reflexive<stem-voice-reflexive>` voice of
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the meaning of a verb in the Pe'al stem.
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.. include:: en_uhg/content/includes/consult_dictionary.txt
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Form
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----
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Paradigm
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~~~~~~~~
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.. csv-table:: Hithpe'el Perfect Paradigm
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
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third person masculine singular,הִתְכְּתֵב (or הִתְכְּתִב),hithkethebh,"he wrote himself"
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third person feminine singular,הִתְכַּתְבַת,hithkathbhath,"she wrote herself"
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second person masculine singular,הִתְכְּתֵבְתְּ (or הִתְכְּתֵבְתָּ),hithkethebhte (or hithkethebhta),"you wrote yourself"
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second person feminine singular,הִתְכְּתֵבְתִּי,hithkethebhtiy,"you wrote yourself"
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first person common singular,הִתְכַּתְבֵת,hithkathbheth,"I wrote myself"
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third person masculine plural,הִתְכְּתִבוּ,hithkethibhu,"they wrote themselves"
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third person feminine plural,הִתְכְּתִבָה,hithkethibhah,"they wrote themselves"
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second person masculine plural,הִתְכְּתֵבְתּוּן,hithkethebhtun,"you killed yourselves"
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second person feminine plural,הִתְכְּתֵבְתֵּן,hithkethebhten,"you killed yourselves"
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first person common plural,הִתְכְּתֵבְנָא,hithkethebhna',"we killed ourselves"
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.. csv-table:: Hithpe'el Imperfect Paradigm
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
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third person masculine singular,יִתְכְּתֵב (or יִתְכְּתִב),yithkethebh (or yithkethibh),"he will write himself"
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third person feminine singular,תִּתְכְּתֵב,tithkethebh,"she will write herself"
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second person masculine singular,תִּתְכְּתֵב,tithkethebh,"you will write yourself"
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second person feminine singular,תִּתְכַּתְבִין,tithkathbhiyn,"you will write yourself"
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first person common singular,אֶתְכְּתֵב,'ethkethebh,"I will write myself"
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third person masculine plural,יִתְכַּתְבוּן,yithkathbhun,"they write kill themselves"
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third person feminine plural,יִתְכַּתְבָן,yithkathbhan,"they write kill themselves"
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second person masculine plural,תִּתְכַּתְבוּן,tithkathbhun,"you write kill yourselves"
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second person feminine plural,תִּתְכַּתְבָן,tithkathbhan,"you write kill yourselves"
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first person common plural,נִתְכְּתֵב,nithkethebh,"we will write ourselves"
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.. csv-table:: Hithpe'el Infinitive Paradigm
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
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Infinitive,הִתְכְּתַבַה,hithkethabhah,"to write oneself"
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.. csv-table:: Hithpe'el Participle Paradigm
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
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masculine singular,מִתְכְּתֵב (or מִתְכְּתִב),mithkethebh (or mithkethibh),"writing oneself"
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feminine singular,מִתְכַּתְבַה,mithkathbhah,"writing oneself"
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masculine plural,מִתְכַּתְבִין,mithkathbhiyn,"writing themselves"
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feminine plural,מִתְכַּתְבַן,mithkathbhan,"writing themselves"
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Function
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--------
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The Hithpe'el stem can express any of the following kinds of verbal
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action:
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Expresses the :ref:`reflexive<stem-voice-reflexive>` voice of the Pe'al stem
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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For most verbs that appear in both the Pe'al and Hithpe'el stems in Biblical Aramaic,
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the Hithpa'al stem expresses the same kind of action as the Pa'el stem
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(usually :ref:`resultative<stem-action-resultative>`) but in reflexive voice.
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A good example is the verb
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יָדַע. In the :ref:`Pe'al<stem_peal>` stem, the verb יָדַע means "to know" (simple action,
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active voice). But in the :ref:`Piel<stem_piel>` stem, the verb יָדַע means "to make
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known" (causative action, active voice). Thus, in the Hithpe'el stem, the
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verb יָדַע means "to make oneself known" (causative action, reflexive
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voice).
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