98 lines
4.5 KiB
ReStructuredText
98 lines
4.5 KiB
ReStructuredText
:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uag/src/branch/master/content/stem_hithpaal.rst
|
|
|
|
.. _stem_hithpaal:
|
|
|
|
Stem Hithpa'al
|
|
==============
|
|
|
|
Summary
|
|
-------
|
|
|
|
The Hithpa'al stem is related to the Pa'el stem formation,
|
|
and it generally expresses the reflexive voice of the meaning of a verb in the Pa'el stem.
|
|
|
|
Article
|
|
-------
|
|
|
|
The Hithpa'al stem is formed from the :ref:`Pa'el<stem_pael>` stem
|
|
by adding the reflexive prefix (הִתְ) and changing the vowel under the
|
|
1st radical. Like the Pa'el and :ref:`Pu'al<stem_pual>`
|
|
:ref:`stems<stem>`,
|
|
it usually has a daghesh in the 2nd radical of the
|
|
:ref:`verb<verb>`.
|
|
Generally speaking, the Hithpa'al stem expresses the :ref:`reflexive<stem-voice-reflexive>` voice of
|
|
the meaning of a verb in the Pa'el stem.
|
|
|
|
.. include:: en_uhg/content/includes/consult_dictionary.txt
|
|
|
|
Form
|
|
----
|
|
|
|
Paradigm
|
|
~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
.. csv-table:: Hithpa'al Perfect Paradigm
|
|
:header-rows: 1
|
|
|
|
Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
|
|
masculine singular third person,הִתְכַּתַּב,hithkattabh,he wrote himself down
|
|
feminine singular third person,הִתְכַּתְּבַת,hithkattkbhath,she wrote herself down
|
|
masculine singular second person,הִתְכַּתַּבְתְּ,hithkattabhte,you wrote yourself down
|
|
feminine singular second person,הִתְכַּתַּבְתִּי,hithkattabhtiy,you wrote yourself down
|
|
common singular first person,הִתְכַּתְּבֵת,hithkattebheth,I wrote myself down
|
|
masculine plural third person,הִתְכַּתַּבוּ,hithkattabhu,they wrote themselves down
|
|
feminine plural third person,הִתְכַּתַּבָה,hithkattabhah,they wrote themselves down
|
|
masculine plural second person,הִתְכַּתַּבְתּוּן,hithkattabhtun,you wrote yourselves down
|
|
feminine plural second person,הִתְכַּתַּבְתֵּן,hithkattabhten,you wrote yourselves down
|
|
common plural first person,הִתְכַּתַּבְנָא,hithkattabhna',we wrote ourselves down
|
|
|
|
.. csv-table:: Hithpa'al Imperfect/Jussive Paradigm
|
|
:header-rows: 1
|
|
|
|
Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
|
|
masculine singular third person,יִתְכַּתַּב,yithkattabh,he will write himself down
|
|
feminine singular third person,תִּתְכַּתַּב,tithkattabh,she will write herself down
|
|
masculine singular second person,תִּתְכַּתַּב,tithkattabh,you will write yourself down
|
|
feminine singular second person,תִּתְכַּתְּבִין,tithkattebhiyn,you will write yourself down
|
|
common singular first person,אֶתְכַּתַּב,'ethkattabh,I will write myself down
|
|
masculine plural third person,יִתְכַּתְּבוּן,yithkattebhun,they will write themselves down
|
|
feminine plural third person,יִתְכַּתְּבָן,yithkattebhan,they will write themselves down
|
|
masculine plural second person,תִּתְכַּתְּבוּן,tithkattebhun,you will write themselves down
|
|
feminine plural second person,תִּתְכַּתְּבָן,tithkattebhan,you will write yourselves down
|
|
common plural first person,נִתְכַּתַּב,nithkattabh,we will write ourselves down
|
|
|
|
.. csv-table:: Hithpa'al Infinitive Paradigm
|
|
:header-rows: 1
|
|
|
|
Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
|
|
Infinitive,הִתְכַּתָּבָה,hithkattabhah,to write oneself down
|
|
|
|
.. csv-table:: Hithpa'al Participle Paradigm
|
|
:header-rows: 1
|
|
|
|
Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
|
|
masculine singular,מִתְכַּתַּב,mithkattabh,writing himself down
|
|
feminine singular,מִתְכַּתְּבָה,mithkattebhah,writing herself down
|
|
masculine plural,מִתְכַּתְּבִין,mithkattebhiyn,writing themselves down
|
|
feminine plural,מִתְכַּתְּבָן,mithkattebhan,writing themselves down
|
|
|
|
Function
|
|
--------
|
|
|
|
The Hithpa'al stem can express any of the following kinds of verbal
|
|
action:
|
|
|
|
Expresses the :ref:`reflexive<stem-voice-reflexive>` voice of the Pa'el stem
|
|
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|
|
|
|
For most verbs that appear in both the Pa'el and Hithpa'al stems in Biblical Aramaic,
|
|
the Hithpa'al stem expresses the same kind of action as the Pa'el stem
|
|
(usually :ref:`resultative<stem-action-resultative>`) but in reflexive voice.
|
|
|
|
A good example is the verb
|
|
יָדַע. In the :ref:`Qal<stem_qal>` stem, the verb יָדַע means "to know" (simple action,
|
|
active voice). But in the :ref:`Piel<stem_piel>` stem, the verb יָדַע means "to make
|
|
known" (causative action, active voice). Thus, in the Hithpael stem, the
|
|
verb יָדַע means "to make oneself known" (causative action, reflexive
|
|
voice).
|