110 lines
4.4 KiB
ReStructuredText
110 lines
4.4 KiB
ReStructuredText
:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/number_singular.rst
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.. _number_singular:
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Number Singular
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===============
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Summary
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-------
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The singular form of a term refers to a single item, or a collection of items all of the same kind.
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Article
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-------
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In Biblical Aramaic, a word in its singular form usually refers to a single item, or to a collection of items all of the same
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kind. For nouns and adjectives, the singular form is the standard form found in a dictionary or lexicon.
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Form
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----
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Nouns and adjectives
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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:ref:`Masculine<gender_masculine>` singular nouns have no special endings.
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:ref:`Feminine<gender_feminine>` singular nouns usually end in either ־ָה or ־ַת.
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.. csv-table:: Singular Forms of Nouns/Adjectives
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
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masculine singular absolute,טָב,tobh,"good"
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masculine singular construct,טָב,tobh,"good of"
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masculine singular determined,טָבָא,tobha',"the good"
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feminine singular absolute,טָבָה,tobhah,"good"
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feminine singular construct,טָבַת,tobhath,"good of"
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feminine singular determined,טָבְתָּא,tobhta',"the good"
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Other terms
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~~~~~~~~~~~
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Besides nouns, a singular term can be recognized by a variety of changes
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to the form. These changes differ greatly from each other and are hard
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to sum up in a simple, helpful way. This paradigm shows a sample of the
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kinds of changes that signal a singular form for :ref:`verbs<verb>`, independent :ref:`personal pronouns<pronoun_personal>`,
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and :ref:`pronominal suffixes<suffix_pronominal>`.
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.. csv-table:: Pe'al Stem Singular Forms
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
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first person common singular perfect,כִּתְבֵת,kithbheth,"I wrote"
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second person masculine singular perfect,כְּתַבְתְּ (or כְּתַבְתָּ),kethabhte (or kethabthta),"you wrote"
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second person feminine singular perfect,כְּתַבְתִּי,kethabhtiy,"you wrote"
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third person masculine singular perfect,כְּתַב,kethabh,"he wrote"
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third person feminine singular perfect,כִּתְבַת,kithbhath,"she wrote"
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first person common singular imperfect,אֶכְתֻּב,'ekhtubh,"we will write"
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second person masculine singular imperfect,תִּכְתֻּב,tikhtub,"you will write"
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second person feminine singular imperfect,תִּכְתְּבִינ,tikhtebhiyn,"you will write"
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third person masculine singular imperfect,יִכְתֻּב,yikhtubh,"he will write"
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third person feminine singular imperfect,תִּכְתֻּב,tikhtubh,"she will write"
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masculine singular imperative,כְּתֻב,kethubh,"Write!"
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feminine singular imperative,כְּתֻבִי,kethubiy,"Write!"
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masculine singular participle,כָּתֵב,kathebh,"writing" or "writer"
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feminine singular participle,כָּתְבָה,kathebhah,"writing" or "writer"
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.. csv-table:: Independent Personal Pronoun Singular Forms
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
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first person common singular,אֲנָה,'enah,"I"
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second person masculine singular,אַנְתְּ (or אַנְתָּה),'ante (or 'antah),"you"
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second person feminine singular,אַנְתִּי,'antiy,"you"
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third person masculine singular,הוּא,hu',"he" or "it"
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third person feminine singular,הִיא,hiy',"she" or "it"
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.. csv-table:: Pronominal Suffix Singular Forms
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
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first person common singular,־ִי,-iy,"my" or "me"
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second person masculine singular,־ָךְ,-akh,"yours" or "you"
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second person feminine singular,־ֵכִי,-ekhiy,"yours" or "you"
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third person masculine singular,־ֵהּ,-eh,"his" or "him"
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third person feminine singular,־ַהּ,-ah,"hers" or "her"
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Examples
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--------
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.. _number_singular-common:
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Common Singular
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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:ref:`Proper names<noun_proper_name>` are always singular, but can be either common singular or
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:ref:`collective singular<number_singular-collective>`.
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.. _number_singular-collective:
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Collective Singular
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Sometimes a singular noun can refer to an entire kind of item rather than an individual entity. For example, the noun עַם
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"(people") is singular and refers to an entire group of people as a single unit.
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With some nouns, the singular form can be used as either a :ref:`common singular<number_singular-common>` or a collective
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singular. For example, the noun עוֹף֙ can mean "bird" or "birds".
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