106 lines
4.4 KiB
ReStructuredText
106 lines
4.4 KiB
ReStructuredText
:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/number_plural.rst
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.. _number_plural:
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Number Plural
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=============
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Summary
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-------
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The plural form of a term refers to two or more of that item.
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Article
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-------
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In Biblical Aramaic, a term with plural form usually refers to multiple persons or objects. However, Biblical Aramaic
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can use the plural form of a word to express many different meanings about a singular entity.
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Form
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----
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Nouns and adjectives
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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:ref:`Feminine<gender_feminine>` plural nouns and adjectives usually end in וֹת- (holem waw + taw).
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:ref:`Masculine<gender_masculine>` plural nouns and adjectives usually end in ־ִים (hireq-yod + final mem).
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.. csv-table:: Plural Noun/Adjective Paradigm
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Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
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masculine plural absolute,טָבִין,tobhiyn,"good(s)" or "good things"
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masculine plural construct,טָבֵי,tobhey,"good(s) of" or "good things of"
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masculine plural determined,טָבַיָּא,tobhayya',"the good(s)" or "the good things"
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feminine plural absolute,טָבָן,tobhan,"good(s)" or "good things"
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feminine plural construct,טָבָת,tobhath,"good(s) or" of "good things of"
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feminine plural determined,טָבָתָא,tobhatha',"the good(s)" or "the good things"
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Other terms
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~~~~~~~~~~~
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Besides nouns, a plural term can be recognized by a variety of changes
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to the form. These changes differ greatly from each other and are hard
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to sum up in a simple, helpful way. This paradigm shows a sample of the
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kinds of changes that signal a plural form for :ref:`verbs<verb>`, independent :ref:`personal pronouns<pronoun_personal>`,
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the :ref:`direct object marker<particle_direct_object_marker>` with a pronominal suffix,
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and :ref:`pronominal suffixes<suffix_pronominal>`.
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.. csv-table:: Pe'al Stem Plural Forms
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
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first person common plural perfect,כְּתַבְנָא,kethabhna',"we wrote"
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second person masculine plural perfect,כְּתַבְתּוּן,kethabhtun,"you wrote"
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second person feminine plural perfect,כְּתַבְתֵּן,kethabhten,"you wrote"
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third person masculine plural perfect,כְּתַבוּ,kethabhu,"they wrote"
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third person feminine plural perfect,כְּתַבָה,kethabhah,"they wrote"
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first person common plural imperfect,נִכְתֻּב,nikhtubh,"we will write"
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second person masculine plural imperfect,תִּכְתְּבוּן,tikhtebhun,"you will write"
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second person feminine plural imperfect,תִּכְתְּבָן,tikhtebhan,"you will write"
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third person masculine plural imperfect,יִכְתְּבוּן,yikhtebhun,"they will write"
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third person feminine plural imperfect,יִכְתְּבָן,yikhtebhan,"they will write"
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masculine plural imperative,כְּתֻבוּ,kethubhu,"Write!"
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feminine plural imperative,כְּתֻבָה,kethubhah,"Write!"
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masculine plural participle,כָּתְבִין,kathebhuiyn,"writing" or "writers"
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feminine plural participle,כָּתְבָן,kathebhan,"writing" or "writers"
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.. csv-table:: Independent Personal Pronoun Plural Forms
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
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first person common plural,אֲנַחְנָה,'enachnah,"we"
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second person masculine plural,אַנְתּוּן (or אַנְתֹּם),'antun (or 'antom),"you"
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second person feminine plural,אַנְתֵּן,'anten,"you"
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third person masculine plural,הִמּוֹ (also הִמּוֹן or אִנּוּן),himmo (also himmon or 'innun),"they"
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third person feminine plural,אִנִּין,'inniyn,"they"
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.. csv-table:: Pronominal Suffix Plural Forms
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Aramaic,Transliteration,Gloss
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first person common plural,־נָא,-na',"ours" or "us"
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second person masculine plural,־כֹם,-khom,"yours" or "you"
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second person feminine plural,־כֵן,-khen,"yours" or "you"
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third person masculine plural,־הֹם,-hom,"theirs" or "them"
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third person feminine plural,־הֵן,-hen,"theirs" or "them"
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Function
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--------
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:ref:`Nouns<noun>` marked as plural
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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:ref:`Adjectives<adjective>` marked as plural
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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:ref:`Verbs<verb>` marked as plural
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Participles marked as plural
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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Personal :ref:`pronouns<pronoun_personal>` and :ref:`suffixes<suffix_pronominal>` marked as plural
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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