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89 lines
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ReStructuredText
:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_glm/src/branch/master/docs/gl_alignment.rst
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.. _glalignment:
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Gateway Language Alignment
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==========================
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.. note:: This module answers the question, "How do I align my GL translation in tC?"
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The purpose of the aligning tool in translationCore (tC) is to create highlighting that will appear for the :abbr:`OL (Other Language)` translator who will use the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` text as a source text for an :abbr:`OL (Other Language)` translation. This highlighting will show the user of the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` text how that :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` text represents the meaning of the original biblical language text.
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When the :abbr:`OL (Other Language)` translator uses the :abbr:`tW (translationWords)` or :abbr:`tN (translationNotes)` tools in :abbr:`tC (translationCore)`, the aligned :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` text will allow :abbr:`tC (translationCore)` to highlight the word or phrase that the :abbr:`tC (translationCore)` check is talking about in both the original biblical language and the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)`. This will help the :abbr:`OL (Other Language)` translator to see how the biblical language expressed that meaning, how the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` expressed that meaning, and how he might express that same meaning in the target language.
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So as you align the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` text with the original language text, your job is to match as accurately as possible the words of the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` text to the words of the original text that express the same meaning.
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.. seealso:: Always check to make sure you are using the latest version of tC, which is available from http://translationcore.com. Please also read the `Release Notes <https://github.com/unfoldingWord-dev/translationCore/releases/latest>`_ for the most up to date instructions.
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Alignment Instructions
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----------------------
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In the :abbr:`tC (translationCore)` Word Alignment tool, the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` chapters and verses are listed down the left side. When you click on a verse to open it, the words of that verse appear in a vertical list, ordered from top to bottom, just to the right of the list of chapters and verses. Each word is in a separate box.
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The words of the original language (Greek, Hebrew, or Aramaic) text for that verse are also in separate boxes in a field to the right of the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` word list. There is a space under each of the source word boxes outlined with a dotted line.
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To align the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` text:
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#. Click and drag each word box of the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` text into the space under the word box of the source text that the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` word corresponds to.
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#. Drop the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` word by releasing the mouse button.
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When the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` word is over a word box of the original, the dotted outline will turn blue to let you know that the word will drop there. If you make a mistake or decide that the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` word belongs somewhere else, simply drag it again to where it belongs. :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` words can also be dragged back to the list.
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When the same :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` word occurs more than once in a verse, each instance of the word will have a small superscript number after it. This number will help you to align each repeated :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` word to the correct original word in the correct order.
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Merge and Unmerge Notes
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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:abbr:`tC (translationCore)` supports one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many alignments. That means that one or more :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` words can be aligned to one or more original language words, as necessary to get the most accurate alignment of the **meaning** conveyed by the two languages.
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* To align multiple :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` words to a single original language word, simply drag and drop the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` words onto the box below the desired original language word.
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* When it is desired to align :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` word(s) to a combination of original language words, first drag one of the combination original language words into the same box as the other original language word. Multiple original language words can be merged together in this fashion.
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* To unmerge previously merged original language words, drag the rightmost original language word slightly to the right. A small new alignment box will appear, and the unmerged word can be dropped into that box.
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* The leftmost original language word can also be unmerged by dragging and dropping it into the original language word box immediately to its left.
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* Any :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` words that were aligned with that original language word return to the word list.
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* The original language words should remain in the proper order. If the merge contains 3 or more original language words, unmerge the rightmost original language word first. Un-merging the center word(s) first may result in the original language words becoming out of order. When that happens, unmerge the remaining words in that box to properly return the original language words to their original order.
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Alignment Philosophy
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--------------------
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Because each :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` will have different requirements for sentence structure and the amount of exclipit information that must be provided there is often not a one-to-one correspondence of the original language word and the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` word. In these cases, the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` words that are provided should be aligned with the original language word that implies them.
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For English, we follow these principles, but your :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` may need a different list to support full alignment.
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* Align indefinite articles to their “head word.” For example, both “a” and “servant” should align to *doulos* in Titus 1:1.
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* Definite articles that English supplies should also be aligned to their “head word.” For example, both “the” and “faith” should align to *pistin* in Titus 1:1.
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* Original language definite articles that English does not use need to be combined with their original language head word. For example, *ton* and *logon* need to be combined, then “word” aligned with that combination in Titus 1:3.
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* Implicit verbs in the original language that are translated explicitly in the target language should be aligned with the predicate. For example, “he should be” that is supplied in English should be aligned to *philoxenon* along with “hospitable” in Titus 1:8.
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* Words with apostrophes will be split and show up as two words in the word panel. This allows for proper alignment of the two parts of meaning. In most cases in English these are used to represent possession and will be aligned to a single original language word in the genitive case. For example, both “God” and “s” will align to *theou* in Titus 1:1.
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* Often the original language and :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` part of speech won’t match. That is inevitable. Often an original language word will be translated as a :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` phrase. For example, the three words “does not lie” in English all align with the single word *apseudes* in Titus 1:2.
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Alignment Philosophy for the ULT
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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The :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)` is intended to be a fairly literal translation of the original, so that it reproduces the structure of the original language when that is also understandable in the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)`. Ideally, then, there would be one :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` word aligned with each original language word. Of course, this is not possible, because languages work very differently from each other.
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Therefore, we expect that you must align words or phrases in the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` with words or phrases in the original language that differ in the number of words, order of words, and parts of speech, as described above. Always, however, you should align the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` words to the original language words whose meaning they express, in whatever combination is necessary to produce the most accurate alignment of the meaning.
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After aligning a verse, there may be words in the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` text that are left over and seem to be extra. If those words are truly necessary for the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` text to make sense, then find the original word or words that they help to express and align them there. But if those words do not express a meaning found in the original text, then it may be that those words should be deleted from the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` translation.
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Sometimes, in the process of aligning a verse, you will find:
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* A original language word that is not represented in the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` translation.
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* A mistake in the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` translation.
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* Words in the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` translation that do not represent anything in the original text.
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* A better or more literal way to express something in the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` translation.
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In the above cases, if you are an authorized editor, you will want to edit the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` translation so that it is more accurate to the original.
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If you notice places where the :abbr:`ULT (unfoldingWord Literal Text)` is wrong or potentially wrong, create an issue for it at https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ult/issues and we’ll address it in the next release. In the meantime, align the text as well as possible.
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Alignment Philosophy for the UST
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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The :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` is intended to be, above all, a clear translation. Therefore, it adds words and phrases to explain the meaning of the original for the reader. These words and phrases should be aligned with the word or words that they are explaining. For example, in Titus 1:1, the phrase, “I am a servant” must be aligned with the single word, *doulos*.
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Sometimes, for the sake of clarity, the :abbr:`GL (Gateway Language)` of the :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` will repeat things that are only mentioned once in the original. This often happens with subjects or objects of sentences. For example, in Titus 2:9 the English :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` refers to “their masters” twice, although the original language only has *idiois despotais* once. In these cases, You should align each occurrence of the repeated reference with the same original language words, so that the highlighting will show that each of these represents the meaning conveyed by those same words of the original.
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Some of the words and sentences of the :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` do not directly represent the meaning of the original words. This is information that is only implied by the original words, but included in the :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` because it is necessary for understanding the meaning of the original. For example, in Titus 1:1, the sentence, “I, Paul, write this letter to you, Titus” includes information that is not there in the original words, such as the fact that what the reader is about to read is a letter, and that it is written to someone named Titus. This information, however, makes the text more clear and understandable. For the aligning, then, all of this explanation must be aligned with the single word that it is explaining, Paulos.
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If you notice places where the :abbr:`UST (unfoldingWord Simplified Text)` is wrong or potentially wrong, create an issue for it at https://git.door43.org/Door43/en_ust/issues and we’ll address it in the next release. In the meantime, align the text as well as possible.
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