unfoldingWord® Hebrew Grammar
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108 lines
5.8 KiB
:github_url: https://git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_uhg/src/branch/master/content/stem_hithpolel.rst
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.. _stem_hithpolel:
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Stem Hithpolel
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==============
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Summary
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-------
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The Hithpolel is a rare stem formation that is similar to the Hithpael.
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It expresses the reflexive voice of the Polel stem.
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Article
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-------
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The Hithpolel stem is a variation of the :ref:`Hithpael<stem_hithpael>`
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and expresses the :ref:`reflexive<stem-voice-reflexive>` voice of the verbal action of the :ref:`Polel<stem_polel>` stem.
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The Hithpolel stem is formed from the Hithpael by dropping the 2nd
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radical and repeating the 3rd radical (with a vowel change). It is a
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:ref:`rare stem formation<stem-uncommon>` in Biblical Hebrew. It is recommended to *always*
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consult a dictionary or lexicon for the precise nuance of any verb in
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the Hithpolel stem.
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.. note:: The Hithpolel stem conjugates exactly like the Polel stem, but
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with the reflexive prefix (הִתְ) added.
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Form
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----
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.. csv-table:: Hithpolel Perfect Paradigm
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
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masculine singular third person,הִתְכּוֹנֵן,hithkonen,he established himself
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feminine singular third person,הִתְכּוֹנֲנָה,hithkonanah,she established herself
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masculine singular second person,הִתְכּוֹנַנְתָּ,hithkonanta,you established yourself
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feminine singular second person,הִתְכּוֹנַנְתְּ,hithkonant,you established yourself
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common singular first person,הִתְכּוֹנַנְתִּי,hithkonanti,I established myself
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common plural third person,הִתְכּוֹנֲנוּ,hithkonanu,they established themselves
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masculine plural second person,הִתְכּוֹנַנְתֶּם,hithkonantem,you established yourselves
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feminine plural second person,הִתְכּוֹנַנְתֶּן,hithkonanten,you established yourselves
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common plural first person,הִתְכּוֹנַנּוּ,hithkonannu,we established ourselves
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.. csv-table:: Hithpolel Imperfect Paradigm
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
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masculine singular third person,יִתְכּוֹנֵן,yithkonen,he will establish himself
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feminine singular third person,תִּתְכּוֹנֵן,tithkonen,she will establish herself
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masculine singular second person,תִּתְכּוֹנֵן,tithkonen,you will establish yourself
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feminine singular second person,תִּתְכּוֹנֲנִי,tithkonani,you will establish yourself
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common singular first person,אֶתְכּוֹנֵן,'ethkonen,I will establish myself
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masculine plural third person,יִתְכּוֹנֲנוּ,yithkonanu,they will establish themselves
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feminine plural third person,תִּתְכּוֹנֵנָּה,tithkonenah,they will establish themselves
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masculine plural second person,תִּתְכּוֹנֲנוּ,tithkonanu,you will establish yourselves
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feminine plural second person,תִּתְכּוֹנֵנָּה,tithkonennah,you will establish yourselves
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common plural first person,נִתְכּוֹנֵן,nithkonen,we will establish ourselves
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.. csv-table:: Hithpolel Sequential Imperfect Paradigm
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
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masculine singular third person,וַיִּתְכּוֹנֵן,wayyithkonen,(and) he established himself
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feminine singular third person,וַתִּתְכּוֹנֵן,wattithkonen,(and) she established herself
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masculine singular second person,וַתִּתְכּוֹנֵן,watithkonen,(and) you established yourself
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feminine singular second person,וַתִּתְכּוֹנֲנִי,watithkonani,(and) you established yourself
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common singular first person,וָאֶתְכּוֹנֵן,wa'ethkonen,(and) I established myself
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masculine plural third person,וַיִּתְכּוֹנֲנוּ,wayyithkonanu,(and) they established themselves
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feminine plural third person,וַתִּתְכּוֹנֵנָּה,watithkonennah,(and) they established themselves
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masculine plural second person,וַתִּתְכּוֹנֲנוּ,watithkonanu,(and) you established yourselves
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feminine plural second person,וַתִּתְכּוֹנֵנָּה,watithkonennah,(and) you established yourselves
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common plural first person,וַנִּתְכּוֹנֵן,wannithkonen,(and) we established ourselves
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.. csv-table:: Hithpolel Imperative Paradigm
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
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masculine singular,הִתְכּוֹנֵן,hithkonen,you must establish yourself
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feminine singular,הִתְכּוֹנֲנִי,hithkonani,you must establish yourself
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masculine plural,הִתְכּוֹנֲנוּ,hithkonanu,you must establish yourselves
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feminine plural,הִתְכּוֹנֵנָּה,hithkonennah,you must establish yourselves
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.. csv-table:: Hithpolel Participle Paradigm
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:header-rows: 1
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Parsing,Hebrew,Transliteration,Gloss
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masculine singular absolute,מִתְכּוֹנֵן,mithkonen,establishing himself / he who establishes himself
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feminine singular absolute,מִתְכּוֹנְנֶת / מִתְכּוֹנְנָה,mithkoneneth / mithkonenah,establishing herself / she who establishes herself
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masculine plural absolute,מִתְכּוֹנְנִים,mithkonenim,establishing themselves / men who establish themselves
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feminine plural absolute,מִתְכּוֹנְנוֹת,mithkonenoth,establishing themselves / women who establish themselves
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Examples
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--------
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.. csv-table:: Example: EXO 9:17 –– מִסְתּוֹלֵל comes from the root סלל
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עֹודְךָ֖ **מִסְתֹּולֵ֣ל** בְּעַמִּ֑י
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'owdkha **mistowlel** be'ammi
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Still-you **lifting-up-yourself** against-my-people
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You **are** still **lifting yourself up** against my people
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.. csv-table:: Example: PSA 143:4 –– יִשְׁתּוֹמֵם comes from the root שׁמם
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בְּ֝תֹוכִ֗י **יִשְׁתֹּומֵ֥ם** לִבִּֽי׃
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bethowkhi **yishtowmem** libbi
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in-my-midst **despairs** my-heart
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my heart **despairs**
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