unfoldingWord® Translation Questions
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| Paul, an apostle—not from men nor through man, but through Jesus Christ and God the Father, the one having raised him from the dead— | I, Paul, write this letter to you. {I remind you that} God sent me to represent him. That is not because a group of people appointed me, nor because a human being sent me to be an apostle. Instead, I am an apostle because Jesus the Messiah and God the Father have appointed and sent me to be an apostle—yes, God the Father, who made the Messiah alive again after he died! |
Paul became an apostle through Jesus Christ and God the Father.
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| and all the brothers with me, to the churches of Galatia: | All the fellow believers who are here with me {approve of this message that I am writing}. I am sending this letter to the congregations that are in the province of Galatia. |
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| Grace to you and peace from God the Father and our Lord Jesus Christ, | {May} God our Father and our Lord Jesus the Messiah {continue to be} kind to you and {make you} peaceful. |
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| the one having given himself for our sins so that he might deliver us from the present evil age, according to the will of our God and Father, | The Messiah offered himself as a sacrifice in order that he might remove the guilt for the sinful things we have done. He did that in order that he might enable us to not do the evil things that people who do not know him do. He did this because God, who is our Father, wanted it. |
Believers in Jesus Christ have been delivered from this present evil age.
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| to whom {be} the glory forever {and} ever. Amen. | {Because that is true,} let us praise God forever and ever. May it be so! |
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| I am amazed that you are turning away so quickly to a different gospel from the one having called you in the grace of Christ, | I am very disappointed that so soon after you trusted in the Messiah you are turning away from God. God chose you to be in a relationship that is based on the kindness of the Messiah. I am also disappointed that so soon you are believing a different message which some say is “good news.” |
Paul is amazed that they are turning so quickly to a different gospel.
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| which is not another, except there are certain ones causing you trouble and wanting to pervert the gospel of Christ. | Their message is not a true message. What is happening is that certain persons are confusing your minds. They are desiring to change the good news about the Messiah and are creating another message. |
There is only one true gospel, the gospel of Christ.
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| But even if we or an angel from heaven might proclaim to you a gospel other than the one we proclaimed to you, let him be cursed. | But even if we apostles or an angel from heaven would tell you a message that is different from the good news that we told you before, I appeal to God that he would punish such a person forever. |
Paul says anyone proclaiming a different gospel should be cursed.
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| As we have said before, and now I say again, “If anyone proclaims to you a gospel other than the one you received, let him be cursed.” | As we told you previously, so now I tell you this once more: Someone is telling you what he says is good news, but it is a message that is different from the good news that I gave you. So I appeal to God that he eternally condemn that person. |
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| For am I now trying to persuade men, or God? Or am I seeking to please men? If I were still pleasing men, I would not be a servant of Christ. | I said that because I do not desire that people approve me, contrary to what some people have said about me. It is God whom I desire to approve me. Specifically, I do not say and do things just to please people. If it were still people whom I was trying to please, then I would not be one who willingly and completely serves the Messiah. |
Servants of Christ must seek the approval of God first.
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| For I make known to you, brothers, that the gospel having been proclaimed by me is not according to man. | My fellow believers, I want you to know that the message about the Messiah that I proclaim to people is not one that some person created. |
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| For neither I did receive it from man, nor was I taught it, but by revelation of Jesus Christ. | I was not given this good news by a human being, and no human being taught it to me. Instead, it was God who revealed Jesus the Messiah to me. |
Paul received the gospel of Christ by revelation from Jesus Christ directly to himself.
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| For you have heard about my former manner of life in Judaism, that I was persecuting the church of God beyond measure, and I was destroying it. | People have told you how I used to behave when I practiced the Jewish religion. They told you that I continually did very harmful things to the groups of believers belonging to God, and they told you that I tried to get rid of those people. |
Paul was following Judaism zealously, persecuting the church of God and destroying it.
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| And I was advancing in Judaism beyond many of the same age among my race, being far more zealous for the traditions of my fathers. | I was practicing the Jewish religion more thoroughly than many other Jews who were my age were practicing it. I was also trying much more enthusiastically to get others to obey the traditions that my ancestors kept. |
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| But when the one having set me apart from the womb of my mother and having called {me} through his grace was pleased | Nevertheless, before I was born God selected me for a special task and he kindly chose me. When God thought that it was good, |
God was pleased to choose Paul from his mother’s womb to be his apostle.
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| to reveal his Son in me, so that I might preach him among the Gentiles, I did not immediately consult with flesh and blood, | he showed me who his Son really is. He did this so that I would tell others the good news about his Son in regions where the non-Jews live. But I did not immediately go to any human beings in order to gain an understanding of that message. |
God chose Paul as his apostle so that Paul would proclaim Christ among the Gentiles.
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| nor did I go up to Jerusalem to the ones {being} apostles before me. Instead, I went to Arabia and again returned to Damascus. | I also did not immediately leave Damascus and go to Jerusalem {for that purpose} to those who were representatives of Jesus before I was. Rather, I went away into the region of Arabia{, a desert area}. Later I returned once more to the city of Damascus. |
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| Then after three years I went up to Jerusalem to visit Cephas and I stayed with him fifteen days. | Then three years after {God revealed this good news to me,} I went up to the city of Jerusalem in order that I might meet Peter. {But} I remained with him for {only} fifteen days. |
Finally, Paul went to Jerusalem and met the apostles Cephas and James.
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| But I did not see any of the other apostles except James, the brother of the Lord. | I also saw James, the brother and representative of our Lord Jesus, but I did not see any other representatives of Jesus. |
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| Now what I write to you, behold, before God, I am not lying. | God knows that what I am writing to you is completely true! |
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| Then I went to the regions of Syria and Cilicia. | After I left Jerusalem, I went into the regions of Syria and Cilicia. |
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| Now I was unknown by face to the churches of Judea {that are} in Christ. | At that time people in the Christian congregations who were in the province of Judea still had not met me personally |
The churches in Judea were hearing that Paul, who once persecuted the church, was now proclaiming the faith.
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| But they were only hearing, “The one formerly persecuting us is now proclaiming the faith which he formerly was destroying,” | They only heard others say about me repeatedly, “Paul, the one who in the past was doing harmful things to us, is now telling the same message which we believe and which formerly he was trying to cause people to stop believing!” |
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| and they were glorifying God in me. | So they kept praising God because he had caused me to believe in Jesus and because I was now telling people the good news about him. |
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| Then after 14 years I went up again to Jerusalem with Barnabas, also taking Titus along with {me}. | After fourteen years passed, I went up again to Jerusalem with Barnabas. I also took Titus. |
Paul spoke privately to the leaders of the church, explaining to them the gospel that he was proclaiming.
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| Now I went up according to a revelation and set before them the gospel that I proclaim among the Gentiles, but privately to the ones seeming to be important, lest I might run—or had run—in vain. | I went up there because of what God revealed to me. {It was not because someone asked me to come.} I told people the content of the good news that I preach to non-Jews. But I spoke privately to those whom your new teachers highly respect so that what I was doing and what I had done might not become useless. That could have happened if people rejected my message because they thought that I was teaching falsely, {which could have happened if the leaders in Jerusalem would have disagreed with my message}. |
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| But not even Titus, the one with me, being a Greek, was forced to be circumcised. | But those leaders did not even require Titus, who was with me and was an uncircumcised Gentile, to be circumcised. |
Titus was not required to be circumcised.
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| But it was because of the secretly brought in false brothers, who came in secretly to spy on our freedom that we have in Christ Jesus so that they will enslave us, | But this problem occurred because {some people demanded that Titus be circumcised} after they had successfully pretended that they were fellow believers and associated with the true believers. They associated with the true believers in order that they might observe closely what we do because we are free from having to obey all the Jewish laws and rituals because of our close relationship with the Messiah Jesus. Those people wanted to make us like slaves of those rituals {by convincing us that we cannot trust the Messiah solely but that we must also obey all the Jewish laws and rituals}. |
The false brothers desired to make Paul and his companions slaves to the law.
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| we did not even yield in submission to them for an hour, so that the truth of the gospel might remain with you. | But not even briefly did we do what they wanted regarding circumcision. We resisted them in order that you might continue to have, and benefit from, the true, correct, and unmodified good news. |
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| But from the ones seeming to be something (what sort they were formerly matters nothing to me; God does not accept the face of man)—for, the ones seeming important added nothing to me. | The leaders in Jerusalem, whom your new teachers respect, did not add anything to what I proclaim. And I would add that what status those leaders had did not influence me, because God does not favor important and powerful persons more than others. |
No, they added nothing to Paul’s message.
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| But on the contrary, having seen that I had been entrusted with the gospel to the uncircumcision, just as Peter to the circumcision | Instead {of those leaders adding to the content of the message that I tell people,} they understood that God had given me the good news so that I might proclaim it to the non-Jews, just like God had given the good news to Peter so that he might tell it to those who are Jews. |
Paul was primarily sent to the uncircumcised, the Gentiles, to proclaim the gospel.
Peter was primarily sent to the circumcised, the Jews, to proclaim the gospel.
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| (for the one having worked in Peter for apostleship to the circumcision also worked in me to the Gentiles), | That is, just like God had authorized and empowered Peter in order that he might be a representative of Jesus to take God’s message to the Jews, he also had authorized and empowered me in order that I might be a representative of Jesus to take God’s message to the non-Jews. |
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| and having understood the grace having been given to me, James and Cephas and John, the ones seeming to be pillars, gave the right hand of fellowship to Barnabas and me, so that we to the Gentiles, and they to the circumcision, | Those leaders knew that God had kindly given to me this special mission. So James, Peter, and John, the ones whom your new teachers respect because they are leaders of the believers, shook hands with us to show that they agreed that Barnabas and I are serving the Lord just like they are, and that we are preaching the same message that they are preaching. They also agreed that we are the ones whom God was sending to tell his message to non-Jews, but that God is sending them to tell his message to Jews. |
The leaders in Jerusalem gave Paul and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship to show their approval.
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| only that we should continue to remember the poor, this same thing that I was also eager to do. | They only urged us to still remember to help the poor among the fellow believers who live in Jerusalem. That is exactly what I have been eager to do. |
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| But when Cephas came to Antioch, I opposed him to his face, because he stood condemned. | But later, Peter became guilty of doing wrong things. This happened while he was visiting us in the city of Antioch. So I confronted him directly about those things. |
Peter stopped eating with the Gentiles, because he feared the men who had been circumcised.
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| For before certain ones came from James, he was eating with the Gentiles. But when they came, he was withdrawing and was separating himself, being afraid of the ones from the circumcision. | This is what happened: Peter had been eating with the non-Jewish believers there. But then some men came who were from {the group of Jewish believers in Jerusalem that} James {was leading}. These men said that believers should keep the Jewish laws. Peter was afraid of what people who want Jewish believers to keep the Jewish laws might do, and so he began to withdraw from the non-Jews and eat with only the Jewish believers. |
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| And the rest of the Jews also joined with him, so that even Barnabas was led astray by their hypocrisy. | Also, the other Jewish believers who were in Antioch acted in a way that they knew was not right, along with Peter{, when they separated themselves from the non-Jewish believers}. The result was that {they convinced} even Barnabas to stop associating with the non-Jewish believers! |
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| But when I saw that they were not walking correctly according to the truth of the gospel, I said to Cephas in front of all {of them}, “If you, being a Jew, live like a Gentile and not like a Jew, how can you force the Gentiles to live like Jews? | I had realized that they were not acting forthrightly and in a manner that was consistent with the correct facts and teachings of the good news about the Messiah. {So when all the fellow believers had come together,} I told Peter {the following:} “Although you are a Jew, you often conduct yourself like non-Jews do by disregarding Jewish laws about food. When you are among non-Jews, you do not customarily conduct yourself at all like Jews do. So, now it is wrong that you are causing non-Jews to think that they must obey all the Jewish rituals and customs! |
Paul asked Cephas how he could force Gentiles to live like Jews when Cephas was living like a Gentile.
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| We {are} Jews by birth, and not sinners from the Gentiles; | We were born as Jews. {We were} not {born} as non-Jews. We Jews have always considered non-Jews to be ‘sinners’ because they do not obey the Jewish rituals and laws. |
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| but knowing that no man is justified by works of the law except through faith in Jesus Christ, we also believed in Christ Jesus so that we might be justified by faith in Christ and not by works of the law. For by works of the law not any flesh will be justified. | But we Jewish believers now know that it is not because some person obeys those things {that God commanded} in the laws {he gave the Jews} that God makes a person righteous. {God makes a person righteous} only if that person trusts in the Messiah Jesus. So even we Jews have trusted the Messiah Jesus. {We did that} so God would declare us good in his sight, because we trust the Messiah, and not because we try to obey the laws that God gave to Moses. We did that because God has said that he will not declare anyone good in his sight just because they obey those laws. |
Paul said that no one is justified by the works of the law.
A person is justified before God by faith in Christ Jesus.
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| But if, seeking to be justified in Christ, we ourselves were also found {to be} sinners, {is} Christ then a minister of sin? May it never be! | Furthermore, because we {Jewish believers} desired that God would make us righteous because of our relationship with the Messiah, it means that we ourselves, like non-Jews {whom we called sinners,} also disobeyed the laws and rituals that God gave Moses. But we certainly cannot conclude that it is the Messiah who causes us to sin. No, the Messiah certainly does not cause anyone to sin. |
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| For if I again rebuild those things which I destroyed, I prove myself to be a transgressor. | If I again believed that God would make me righteous because of my obeying the laws that he gave to Moses, I would be like a man who rebuilds an old building that he had torn down. If I did that I would show that I was guilty of acting wrongly. |
Paul says he shows himself actually to be a law breaker.
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| For I, through the law, died to the law so that I might live to God. I have been crucified with Christ, | I realized that God would not regard me as righteous because I tried to obey the laws that he gave to Moses. So I have decided not to respond to what those laws demand, just like a dead person does not respond to anything. {I decided to do this} so that I may now live to serve God. It is as though I was with the Messiah when he died on the cross. |
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| and I no longer live, but Christ lives in me. And that which I now live in the flesh, I live by faith that {is in} the Son of God, the one having loved me and having given himself for me. | My old way of living ended since I began believing in the Messiah. No longer am I directing the way I behave as I did before {I believed in the Messiah}. Now the Messiah is directing how I behave. And whatever I do now while I live in my earthly body, I do it by trusting in God’s Son. He is the one who loved me and offered himself as a sacrifice for me. |
Paul said that Christ now lived in him.
Paul says the Son of God loved him and gave himself for Paul.
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| I do not set aside the grace of God, for if righteousness {is} through the law, then Christ died for nothing!” | I am not rejecting as useless what God kindly did for me{, as my opponents are doing}. If God considers people to be righteous because they obey the laws that he gave to Moses, then the Messiah died needlessly!” |
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| O foolish Galatians! Who bewitched you, before whose eyes Jesus Christ was publicly portrayed {as} crucified? | You {fellow believers} who live in Galatia are acting mindlessly! Someone must have put an evil spell on you! I clearly explained to you what Jesus the Messiah accomplished when he died on the cross. |
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| I want to learn only this from you: Did you receive the Spirit by works of the law or by hearing of faith? | {So,} I want to tell you this one thing: God did not give you his Holy Spirit because you obeyed the laws that he gave Moses. Surely you must know that the reason he gave you his Holy Spirit is because when you heard the good news about the Messiah you believed it. |
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| Are you so foolish? Having begun by Spirit, are you now finishing by flesh? | You are acting very foolishly! You first became Christians because God’s Spirit enabled you. So, you should not now think that it is because of what you do by obeying the laws God gave Moses that you will continue to grow spiritually. |
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| Have you experienced so many things for nothing—if indeed it was really for nothing? | {Keep in mind that if} what God has done for you {was because of your obeying the laws that God gave to Moses and not because of trusting in the Messiah then} you suffered many things needlessly! I certainly hope that you did not suffer like that needlessly. |
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| Therefore, the one providing the Spirit to you and working miracles among you, {is it} by works of the law, or by hearing of faith? | So then, when God now generously gives to you his Spirit and performs mighty deeds among you, it is not because you obey the laws that God gave to Moses? Surely you know it is because when you heard the good news about the Messiah you believed it! |
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| Just as Abraham “believed God and it was credited to him as righteousness,” | {What you have experienced is} just as {Moses had written in the scriptures about Abraham. He wrote that} Abraham trusted God, and {as a result,} God considered Abraham as being righteous. |
Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness.
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| know, then, that the ones by faith, these are sons of Abraham. | You must realize, therefore, that it is those who trust in what the Messiah has done who are like Abraham’s descendants {because they trust in God as Abraham did}. |
Those who believe God are the sons of Abraham.
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| And the Scripture, having foreseen that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, preached the gospel beforehand to Abraham, “In you all the nations will be blessed.” | Furthermore, God planned beforehand that it was when non-Jews trusted him that he would consider them righteous. Moses wrote in the Scriptures this good message that God told Abraham: “Through you, I will bless people in all nations.” |
The scripture foresaw that the Gentiles would be justified by faith.
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| So then, the ones by faith are blessed along with the believing Abraham. | So, we can conclude that it is those who trust in what the Messiah has done whom God blesses along with Abraham, the one who trusted him {long ago}. |
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| For as many as are of works of the law are under a curse; for it is written, “Cursed {is} everyone who does not abide by all the things written in the Book of the Law to do them.” | That is, God will eternally punish all those who mistakenly think that God will consider them righteous as a result of their trying to obey the laws that God gave to Moses. What Moses wrote in the Scriptures is that God will eternally punish everyone who does not continuously and completely obey all the laws that God instructed him to write in the Book of the Law. |
Those who rely on the works of the law to be justified are under a curse.
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| Now, that no one is justified before God by the law {is} clear, because “The righteous will live by faith.” | God does not regard any person as righteous as a result of their trying to obey the laws that he gave to Moses. This is evident since {the Scriptures say}, “Every righteous person lives {spiritually} as a result of their trusting {God}.” |
No one has been justified through the works of the law.
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| Now the law is not by faith, but, “The one doing these things will live in them.” | But when God gave his laws to the Jews, he did not make them dependent upon a person believing in him. Instead {God said that} it is those who obey {all} God’s laws, continuously and completely, who will live through obeying them. |
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| Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become a curse on behalf of us—for it is written, “Cursed {is} everyone hanging on a tree”— | Even though we humans have not continuously and completely obeyed God’s laws, the Messiah rescued us from God punishing us eternally. The Messiah rescued us by his being the one God condemned instead of God condemning us. What Moses wrote in the Scriptures shows that this is true. He wrote, “God has cursed anyone whom people have executed {for his crimes} by hanging his body on a tree.” |
Christ redeemed us by becoming a curse for us so that the blessing upon Abraham might come to the Gentiles.
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| so that the blessing of Abraham might come to the Gentiles in Christ Jesus, so that through faith we might receive the promise of the Spirit. | {The Messiah rescued us} in order that as a result of what he has done, God might bless the non-Jews, in a way similar to the way God blessed Abraham. The reason for this is that as a result of our trusting in the Messiah, we all might receive the Holy Spirit whom God promised to give to us. |
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| Brothers, I speak according to man. Nevertheless, no one sets aside or adds to a covenant established by man. | My fellow believers, I will now illustrate by referring to human relationships. After two people have signed an agreement, no one can reject it or add to it. |
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| Now the promises were spoken to Abraham and to his seed. He does not say, “and to seeds,” as to many, but as to one, “and to your seed,” who is Christ. | God declared to Abraham and his descendant that he was promising to give blessings to Abraham. The words that God spoke were not “and your descendants.” He was not referring to many persons. Instead, he was referring to one person, who is the Messiah, because the words that God spoke were, “and your descendant.” |
The “descendant” spoken of in the promise to Abraham was Christ.
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| Now I say this: The law, having come after 430 years, does not set aside the covenant previously established by God to nullify the promise. | This is what I am saying: God established an agreement with Abraham that the laws which he gave to the Jews 430 years later could not cancel. |
No, the law did not void the promise made to Abraham.
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| For if the inheritance {is} from the law, {it is} no longer from promise. But God has graciously given {it} to Abraham through a promise. | I want you to know that if it is because we obey the laws God gave to the Jews that he gives to us what he has promised to give to us, then he would not be giving it because he had promised to do so. However, God kindly gave to Abraham what he had promised to give to him, just because God had promised that he would give it to him. {Similarly,} it is not because we obey God’s laws that God kindly gives to us what he has promised to give to us. |
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| Why, then, the law? It was added because of transgressions, having been put into effect through angels by the hand of a mediator until the seed would come to whom the promise had been made. | So, if someone should ask, “Why did God later give his laws to Moses?” I would reply that it was in order that people might realize how sinful they were. Those laws were valid until Jesus came. He was the descendant that God was referring to when he made the promises to Abraham. God gave his laws to Moses by God’s causing angels to speak to him. Moses was the mediator, the one who told the laws to the people. |
The law came because of transgressions until Abraham’s descendant came.
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| Now a mediator is not for one, but God is one. | Now, when a mediator functions, one person is not speaking with another directly; but God himself made his promises directly to Abraham. |
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| Therefore {is} the law against the promises? May it never be! For if a law was given being able to make alive, {then} truly righteousness would have come by the law. | If someone should ask, “When God gave his laws to Moses long after he told Abraham what he was promising to give to him, was he changing his mind?” {I would reply that} God certainly did not change his mind when he did that! If God had given a law that could enable people to live {eternally and spiritually}, then it certainly would be because of people obeying that law that God would consider people righteous. |
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| But the Scripture imprisoned all things under sin so that the promise by faith in Jesus Christ might be given to the ones believing. | But, {in fact, it is impossible for the law to enable people to live eternally or spiritually.} Instead, the law given in the Scriptures caused all people to be unable to escape being punished for their sins, just like people in prison are unable to escape. {God did that} in order that he might give what he promised to those who trust Jesus Christ, just because they trust him. |
The law in scripture imprisoned everyone under sin.
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| Now before the faith came, we were held captive under the law, imprisoned until the faith about to be revealed. | Before God revealed the good news about trusting in the Messiah, the laws that God gave to Moses were confining us, as a prisoner in jail is confined. This happened until the time we might believe the good news concerning the Messiah, the good news that God was about to reveal {and now has}. |
We are released from the imprisonment of the law by faith in Christ Jesus.
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| So the law became our guardian until Christ, so that we might be justified by faith. | Like a father supervises his immature child by appointing a servant to take care of that child, God was supervising us by his laws until the Messiah {came}. {He did this} in order that he might now declare us righteous in his sight {only} because we trust in the Messiah. |
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| But faith having come, we are no longer under a guardian. | But now that God has revealed the message about trusting in the Messiah, the laws that God gave to Moses no longer supervise us. |
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| For you are all sons of God through faith in Christ Jesus. | Now all of you {Jews and non-Jews} are {as though you are} God’s children because you trust in the Messiah Jesus. You are {now} in close spiritual union with the Messiah Jesus {because you believe in Him}. |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| For as many as have been baptized into Christ put on Christ. | That is, you who {began a relationship with the Messiah when you} were baptized identified yourselves with Christ. |
All who have been baptized into Christ have been clothed in Christ.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free, there is neither male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus. | If you believe in the Messiah, it does not matter to God if you are Jews or non-Jews; slaves or ones who are not slaves; males or females, because all of you are as one sort of person because of your relationship with the Messiah Jesus. |
Jews, Greeks, slaves, free, male, and female are all made one in Christ Jesus.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| Now if you {are} of Christ, then you are seed of Abraham, heirs according to promise. | Furthermore, since you belong to the Messiah, you are {like} Abraham’s descendants because you trust God as Abraham did, and you will possess what God promised Abraham. |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| Now I say, for as much time as the heir is a child, he is no different from a slave, being master of all. | Now, I will further discuss children and heirs. An heir is a person who will later possess and control all that his father has. But as long as that heir is a child, others control him, with the result that he is just like a slave. |
The heir lives like a slave under guardians and trustees until the time set by his father.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| But he is under guardians and stewards until the date appointed by his father. | Until the day that his father has {previously} determined, other persons supervise the child and manage his property. |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| So also, when we were children, we were being enslaved under the elemental principles of the world. | Likewise, when we were spiritually immature {because we did not yet believe in the Messiah}, we submitted to the rules that everyone in this world lives by. Those rules controlled us like masters control their slaves. |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| But when the fullness of time came, God sent forth his Son, having been born from a woman, having been born under the law, | But exactly at the time that God had previously determined, he sent Jesus his Son, into the world. {Jesus was} born to a human mother, and he had to obey the laws that God gave to Moses. |
At the right time, God sent forth his Son to redeem those under the law.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| in order that he might redeem the ones under the law, so that we might receive the adoption as sons. | God sent Jesus to rescue us who had to obey God’s laws he gave to Moses from being condemned for not obeying these laws. God did this so that we might all receive from him the status of being his children. |
God adopted as sons the children who were under the law.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| And because you are sons, God sent the Spirit of his Son into our hearts, crying out, “Abba, Father.” | Furthermore, God sent the Spirit to live in our inner beings because we are now in such a close relationship with God it is as though we are his children. It is his Spirit who enables us to fervently call out {to God}, “Father, Father!” |
God sends forth the Spirit of his Son into the hearts of his children.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| So then, you are no longer a slave, but a son, and if a son, also an heir through God. | So, because of what God has done, no longer is each of you like a slave. Instead, each of you is like a child of God. Furthermore, since each of you is now like God’s child, God has also made each of you his heir, one to whom he will give all that he has promised. |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| But at that time, not having known God, you were enslaved to the ones by nature not being gods. | When you did not have a relationship with God, you served gods that really did not exist. You were like slaves at that time, because you were in spiritual bondage. |
Before we know God, we are slaves to the spirits that rule the world, who are not gods at all.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| But now, having come to know God, or rather, having come to be known by God, how are you turning again to the weak and worthless elemental principles to which once more you want to be enslaved again? | But now you have come to intimately know God. Perhaps it would be better to say that now God intimately knows each of you. So now you are acting foolishly! You are again believing that by obeying rules and rites you will benefit spiritually! Those rules are ineffective and inadequate! You are wanting to obey them again like slaves obey their masters. |
Paul fears that the Galatians will become slaves again, and that he has labored in vain over them.
Paul was perplexed that the Galatians were returning again to the ruling spirits of the world.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| You observe days and months and seasons and years! | You non-Jews are carefully practicing Jewish rules and rituals regarding what you should do on Jewish special days and at special times in certain months, seasons, and years. |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| I am afraid for you lest I have labored among you for nothing. | I am concerned about your mistaken ideas! I do not want to have so strenuously served you in vain. |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| I beg you, brothers, become as I am, because I also {became} as you {are}. You did me no harm. | My fellow believers, I strongly urge you that you do as I do. {Stop thinking that you have to obey the Jewish rules and ceremonial laws prescribed by the law of Moses.} When I was with you, I did not obey all the Jewish rules and ceremonial laws, just like you did not obey them. At that time you treated me entirely as you should have. |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| Now you know that because of a weakness of the flesh I proclaimed the gospel to you previously. | You remember that I originally told you the good news because I was physically weak {and was recovering}. Because of the opportunity which that sickness provided I was able to tell you the good news. |
When Paul first came to the Galatians, he had a physical illness.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| And you did not despise your trial in my flesh nor reject me, but you welcomed me as an angel of God, as Christ Jesus. | Although you might have treated me contemptuously because of my physical malady, you did not treat me contemptuously or reject me. Instead, you welcomed me like you would welcome an angel that came from God. You welcomed me like you would welcome the Messiah Jesus himself! |
Despite Paul’s problem, the Galatians received Paul as an angel of God, as Christ Jesus.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| Where, then, {is} your blessing? For I testify to you that, if possible, having torn out your eyes, you would have given {them} to me. | I am disappointed that you have forgotten that then you declared that you were pleased with me. I know for certain that you would have done anything to help me. |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| So then, speaking truth to you, have I become your enemy? | So I am very disappointed that you now act as though I have become hostile to you because I have kept speaking the true message about the Messiah to you. |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| They are zealous for you, not rightly, but they desire to separate you so that you would be zealous for them. | Those who are insisting on obeying the Jewish laws are eagerly showing interest in you, but they are not doing this because they have good motives. They are doing this because they want you not to associate with me and others who teach what is true about the Messiah. They desire that instead of you associating with us, you will eagerly show interest in them, not in us. |
The false teachers are trying to separate the Galatians from Paul.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| But {it is} good to be zealous for good at all times and not only when I am present with you. | But, it is an honorable thing to eagerly desire to do the right things at all times. I would like you to eagerly desire to do the right things, both when I am with you and when I am absent. |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| My children, with whom I am in labor again until Christ would be formed in you— | You who are like my children, once again I am very concerned about you, and I will continue to be concerned about you until you become like the Messiah in your thinking and in your conduct. |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| but I am desiring to be present with you now and to change my tone, because I am perplexed about you. | But I do wish that I could be with you now and that I might talk more gently with you, because right now I do not know what to do about you. |
The false teachers are trying to put the Galatians back under the law.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| Tell me, you desiring to be under the law, do you not listen to the law? | Some of you desire to obey all the laws that God gave Moses. I say that you should consider the implications of what Moses wrote in the Scriptures. |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the slave girl and one by the free woman. | He wrote that Abraham became the father of two sons. His female slave, Hagar, bore one son, and his wife Sarah, who was not a slave, bore the other. |
Abraham had two sons, one from a slave woman and one from a free woman.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| And the one was born from the slave girl according to flesh, but the {other}, from the free woman, through promise. | Also, the sons differed. Ishmael, the son born by Hagar, the female slave, was conceived naturally. But Isaac, the son born by Sarah, his wife who was not a slave, was conceived miraculously because God intervened in order to fulfill what he had promised Abraham. |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| These things are being spoken as an allegory, for they are two covenants. One {is} from Mount Sinai, giving birth to slavery; this is Hagar. | I am telling you this as an illustration. These two women symbolize two agreements. God made the first agreement, which involved obeying the laws that God gave to Moses at Mount Sinai. Because that agreement forces those who accept it to keep obeying all its rules, it is like a slave mother who gives birth to slaves. So Hagar, the female slave, symbolizes this agreement. |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| Now Hagar is Mount Sinai in Arabia, and corresponds to the present Jerusalem, for she is in slavery with her children. | Also Hagar symbolizes the agreement, with its laws and rituals, that God gave to Moses on Mount Sinai, in the land of Arabia. Hagar also symbolizes the Jewish religion. The Jewish religion is like a slave mother, and those who practice the Jewish religion are like slave children because they all must obey the laws that God gave to Moses. |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| But the Jerusalem above is free, which is our mother. | But there is a heavenly Jerusalem, and because we belong to the heavenly Jerusalem, it is like a mother to all of us {who believe in the Messiah}. Those who belong to the heavenly Jerusalem are free from having to obey the laws of Moses and free from being condemned for failing to obey those laws. |
The Jerusalem above, the free woman, is the symbolic mother of Paul and the believing Galatians.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| For it is written, “Rejoice, you barren woman, the one not giving birth; break forth and shout, you {who are} not suffering the pains of childbirth; because the children of the desolate one {are} many more than of the one having a husband.” | Our new city will have more people than those who live in Jerusalem now. It will be just like Isaiah foretold {about the people whom he expected would come back to Jerusalem from exile}. {He expected that they would be more numerous than those who were taken into exile.} He wrote: You who live in Jerusalem, you will rejoice! Now you have no children, like a barren woman who does not give birth to children! But some day you will shout joyfully, as loudly as you can, even though now you are few in number, like a woman who cannot give birth to children, and you feel deserted. You will be very happy because you will have many children who will come to you. Those children will be more than the children any woman with a husband could have borne. |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| Now you, brothers, like Isaac, are children of promise. | Now, my fellow believers, you have become children of God because God has fulfilled what he promised to Abraham. You are like Isaac{, who was born because God fulfilled what he promised to give Abraham}. |
Believers in Christ are children of the promise.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| But just as then, the one having been born according to flesh was persecuting the one according to Spirit, so {it} also {is} now. | Also, long ago Abraham’s son Ishmael, the one who was conceived naturally, caused trouble for Abraham’s son Isaac, who was conceived supernaturally. Similarly, now those who think that we must obey the laws that God gave to Moses in order that God will save us are causing trouble for those who are trusting Abraham’s descendant, the Messiah. |
The children of the flesh persecute the children of the promise.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| But what does the scripture say? “Cast out the slave girl and her son. For the son of the slave girl will certainly not inherit with the son of the free woman.” | But Moses wrote these words in a scripture passage in Genesis: “The son of the woman who was not a slave will inherit what his father owns. The female slave’s son will certainly not inherit those things. So send away from this place the female slave and her son!” |
The children of the slave woman do not inherit along with the children of the free woman.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| Therefore, brothers, we are not children of a slave girl, but of the free woman. | My fellow believers, Hagar symbolizes the laws that God gave to Moses. But we are not those who must obey all the laws that God gave to Moses. So we are not the female slave Hagar’s spiritual descendants. But Sarah’s descendants are those who were born as a result of God fulfilling what he promised to Abraham. So we are the spiritual descendants of Sarah, the woman who was not a slave. |
Believers in Christ are children of the free woman.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| For freedom Christ set us free. Stand firm, therefore, and do not again be subjected to a yoke of slavery. | The Messiah freed us {believers} {from having to obey the laws God gave the Jews} in order that we would not have to obey {them}. So continue to be steadfastly committed {to the Lord}. Do not let anyone force you to obey {those laws} again as if you were slaves {to those laws}. |
For freedom Christ has set us free.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| Behold, I, Paul, say to you that if you would be circumcised, Christ will benefit you nothing. | I am Paul. Pay attention to what I am telling you! If you let anyone circumcise you, what the Messiah has done for you will not help you at all! |
Paul said that if the Galatians became circumcised, Christ would not benefit them in any way.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| Now I testify again to every man being circumcised that he is obligated to do the whole law. | Once again I solemnly declare to every man who has someone circumcise him, that he must obey all of the laws {God gave the Jews} {in order to be righteous}. |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| You were cut off from Christ, whoever is being justified by law; you fell from grace. | You who are trying to make yourselves righteous by {obeying} the laws {God gave the Jews} have separated yourselves from the Messiah. God will no longer act kindly toward you. |
Paul warned that all the Galatians who would seek to be justified by following the law would be alienated from Christ and would fall away from grace.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| For through the Spirit, by faith, we eagerly wait for the hope of righteousness. | {This is so} because we {believers} are confidently expecting by trusting {in Jesus} that God will make us righteous. The Holy Spirit enables us {to do this}. |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision is capable of anything, but {only} faith working through love. | {This is so} because {when} God has united {us} with the Messiah Jesus, whether people are circumcised or not is not important. Rather, only whether we trust {in the Messiah} is important. We show we trust {in the Messiah} by loving others. |
In Christ Jesus, only faith working through love means anything.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| You were running well. Who hindered you, not to be persuaded by truth? | You were spiritually progressing so well! You should never have let someone stop you {from progressing}, so that what is true does not convince you! |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| This persuasion {is} not from the one calling you! | God is the one who calls you. He is not the one who is persuading you {to think like this}! |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| A little leaven leavens the whole lump. | {This false teaching might deceive all of you, just like} a little yeast {in some dough} makes all of it swell up. |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| I am confident in you in the Lord that you will think nothing otherwise. But the one troubling you will bear the judgment, whoever he may be. | Because God has united {us} with the Lord {Jesus}, I am certain that you will believe only {what I have told you}. By contrast, God will certainly punish everyone who is confusing you {about these things}, whoever they are. |
Paul is confident that the one who has confused the Galatians about the gospel will bear God’s judgment.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| But brothers, if I still proclaim circumcision, why am I still being persecuted? In that case the stumbling block of the cross has been removed. | Fellow believers, as for me, were I to still declare that men must have someone circumcise them {in order to be righteous}, surely no one would still be persecuting me! {This is because} declaring that would abolish how offensive {Jesus dying on} the cross is. |
Paul says that in proclaiming circumcision, the stumbling block of the cross would be destroyed.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| I wish the ones disturbing you will even castrate themselves! | O that those who are upsetting you would just castrate themselves! |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| For you have been called to freedom, brothers, only not the freedom for an opportunity for the flesh; rather, through love serve one another. | Fellow believers, God has called you to free you {from having to obey the laws God gave the Jews}. But he did not free you {from those laws} so you could sin. Instead {of sinning}, serve each other by loving {each other}! |
Believers are to not use their freedom in Christ as an opportunity for the flesh.
Believers are to use their freedom in Christ to serve one another in love.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| For all the law has been fulfilled in one command, in this, “You will love your neighbor as yourself.” | {Do this} because one command summarizes all the laws {God gave the Jews}. That {command} is, “Love each person as much as {you love} yourself.” |
The whole law is fulfilled in the commandment, “You must love your neighbor as yourself.”
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| But if you are biting and devouring one another, watch out that you might not be consumed by one another. | Now if you keep attacking and harming each other {like wild animals}, beware that you might completely destroy each other. |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| Now I say, walk by the Spirit and you would certainly not fulfill desires of the flesh. | I am telling you to let the Holy Spirit lead you. {If you do that,} you will definitely not do what your {sinful} selves want to do. |
Believers can live by the Spirit, and thus, not fulfill the lust of the flesh.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| For the flesh desires against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh. For these oppose each other, so that you are not doing these things that you would desire. | {This is} because your sinful selves {want to do what} is contrary to what the Holy Spirit {wants to do}. Also, {what} the Holy Spirit {wants to do is contrary to what} your sinful selves {want to do}. {This is} because they are always against each other. The result is that you do not {always} do the {good} things that you {truly} want to do. |
The Spirit and the flesh are opposed to each other within the believer.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| But if you are led by the Spirit, you are not under the law. | However, if the Holy Spirit leads you, the laws {God gave the Jews} do not control you. |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| Now the works of the flesh are evident, which are: sexual immorality, impurity, licentiousness, | You clearly know what people do because of their sinful selves. {They} do sexually immoral acts, impure acts, {and} unrestrained immoral acts. |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| idolatry, sorcery, hostilities, strife, jealousy, outbursts of anger, selfish ambition, divisions, factions, | {They also} worship false gods, do witchcraft, repeatedly act in hostile ways, quarrel with people, act jealously, behave angrily, act ambitiously, act divisively within a group of people, and make divisive groups of people. |
Three examples of works of the flesh are any three of the following list: sexual immorality, impurity, lustfulness, idolatry, sorcery, hostility, strife, jealousy, outbursts of anger, rivalry, dissension, sectarian division, envy, drunkenness, and drunken riots.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| envy, drunkenness, drunken celebrations, and things like these, about which I warn you, just as I warned you before, that the ones practicing such things will not inherit the kingdom of God. | {They also} envy others, get drunk, celebrate drunkenly, and do other {sinful} things like these. I warn you now about {doing these sinful things}, just like I warned you previously: anyone who regularly does these {sinful} things will not participate in God’s kingdom. |
Those who practice the works of the flesh will not inherit the kingdom of God.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, | Yet the Holy Spirit enables {us believers in the Messiah} to love others and be joyful, peaceful, patient, kind, good, faithful, |
The fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faith, gentleness, and self-control.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| gentleness, {and} self-control; against such things there is no law. | gentle, and to control ourselves. There is no law that prohibits people from doing these {good} things. |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| But the ones of Christ Jesus have crucified the flesh with the passions and the desires. | We who belong to the Messiah Jesus have stopped doing {what} our sinful selves feel and want {to do}. |
Those who belong to Christ Jesus have crucified the flesh and its passions.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| If we live by the Spirit, let us also walk by the Spirit. | Since the Holy Spirit has made us spiritually alive, we must let the Holy Spirit lead us. |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| Let us not become boastful, provoking one another, envying one another. | Do not boast. Do not make each other angry. Do not envy each other. |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| Brothers, even if a man is caught in any trespass, let you, the spiritual ones, restore such a one in a spirit of gentleness, considering yourself, lest you also be tempted. | Fellow believers, if you discover that another believer does something wrong, those of you who are spiritually mature should gently correct that person. {While doing so,} you should be very careful so that you do not sin as well. |
Those who are spiritual should restore that man in a spirit of gentleness.
Those who are spiritual must watch out that they are not also tempted.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| Carry the burdens of one another, and thus you will fulfill the law of Christ. | Help each other overcome the problems you have. By doing that, you will obey what the Messiah commands. |
Believers fulfill the law of Christ by carrying one another’s burdens.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| For if anyone thinks {himself} to be something, being nothing, he deceives himself. | {I say this} because people who wrongly think that they are better than others trick themselves {into believing what is not true}. |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| But let each one examine his own work, and then he will have reason to boast in himself alone and not in someone else. | Instead, each of you should constantly evaluate what you do. {Only} then might you be able to rightly boast about {what} you {have done} on your own instead {of wrongly boasting} about {what} someone else {has done}. |
A person can have something in himself to be proud of by examining his own work, without comparing himself to anyone else.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| For each one will carry his own burden. | {I say this} because each one {of you} must do what God has given you {to do}. |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| But let the one being taught the word share in all good things with the one teaching. | If fellow believers teach you what God has said, then you must share what you have with them. |
One who is taught the word must share all good things with his teacher.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| Do not be deceived. God is not mocked, for whatever a man may sow, that he will also reap. | Do not trick yourselves: No one can scorn God! {This is} because{, just like} a farmer will harvest exactly the kind of crop that he plants{, people will experience the results of what they have done}. |
Whatever a man spiritually plants he will harvest.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| For the one sowing to his own flesh, from the flesh will reap destruction. But the one sowing to the Spirit, from the Spirit will reap eternal life. | Those who do what their {sinful} selves want to do will experience the result {of doing so}. God will punish them forever. But those who please the Holy Spirit will experience the result {of doing so}. The Holy Spirit will enable them to live forever {with God}. |
A man who plants to his own flesh harvests destruction out of his flesh.
Out of the Spirit a man who plants to the Spirit harvests eternal life.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| But we should not become discouraged in doing good, for in due time, not becoming weary, we will reap. | Let us not tire of doing what is good, because at the right time we will experience the {good} result {of what we do}. {This will happen} if we do not stop {doing these good things}. |
A believer who continues doing good will reap a harvest.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| So then, as we have time, we should do good to all, but especially to the ones of the household of the faith. | Therefore, let us do what is good to everyone whenever we can. {Let us} especially {do what is good} to all our fellow believers {in Jesus}. |
Believers should especially do good to those of the household of faith.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| See what large letters I wrote to you with my own hand. | I am writing {this} to you in my own handwriting. Notice how large the letters are! |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| As many as desire to make a good impression in the flesh, they compel you to be circumcised, only so that they might not be persecuted for the cross of Christ Jesus. | Everyone who wants to impress {the Jews} with how they appear outwardly is trying to force you to have someone circumcise you. {They} only {do this} in order to prevent the Jews from persecuting them for {believing that} the Messiah Jesus died on the cross {to save us}. |
Those who want to compel the believers to be circumcised do not want to be persecuted for the cross of Christ.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| For not even the ones circumcised keep the law themselves, but they want you to be circumcised so that they may boast in your flesh. | {I say this} because not even those people whom someone has circumcised obey the laws {God gave the Jews}. Rather, they want to circumcise you in order to boast because of how you appear outwardly. |
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| But may it never be to me to boast except in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, through which the world has been crucified to me, and I to the world. | As for me, I will ever only boast about our Lord Jesus the Messiah dying on the cross {to save us}! Because Jesus died on the cross, the {sinful} world has become {like} a dead person to me, and I have become {like} a dead person to the {sinful} world. |
Paul said that he was proud of the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| For neither circumcision is anything, nor uncircumcision, but a new creation. | {I may boast about Jesus dying on the cross} because whether people are circumcised or not is not important. Rather, {the Holy Spirit} making them new people is important. |
What is important is a new creation.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| And as many as will walk in this standard, peace and mercy upon them and upon the Israel of God. | I pray that God will make peaceful everyone who behaves in this way and will act kindly to them. {I} also {pray these things} for those Israelites who {trust in Jesus and} belong to God! |
Paul wishes peace and mercy upon those who live by the rule of the new creation and upon the Israel of God.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| From now on let no one cause me trouble, for I carry in my body the marks of Jesus. | I have scars on my body because I declared the truth about Jesus. So do not let anyone bother me {about these matters} again! |
Paul carried the marks of Jesus on his body.
| ULT | UST |
|---|---|
| The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ {be} with your spirit, brothers. Amen. | Fellow believers, {I pray that} our Lord Jesus the Messiah {will} be gracious to all of you! May it be so! |