en_tn/en_tn_38-ZEC.tsv

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Zechariah 01 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter is written in prose mainly with imagery used throughout to portray Zechariah's vision given by the Lord.

Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set lines 1:3-6, 14-17, which are extended quotations, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.

Special concepts in this chapter

Visions

This book contains a number of visions given to Zechariah, so the images are not ones Zechariah actually saw but were given to him in a vision or dream. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing.

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

Date

Zechariah uses two separate dates in this first chapter. When compared to the book of Haggai, Zechariah's prophecy was proclaimed just a few weeks after Haggai. However, they prophesied in two different places: Haggai was in Jerusalem and Zechariah was somewhere outside of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])

4ZEC11if96translate-hebrewmonths0In the eighth month

This is the eighth month of the Hebrew calendar. It is during the last part of October and the first part of November on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])

5ZEC11fpf6translate-ordinal0the second year of Darius' reign
6ZEC11qr9ffigs-idiom0the word of Yahweh came
7ZEC11e6fd0Yahweh

This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.

8ZEC11ge9jtranslate-names0Berechiah ... Iddo

These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

9ZEC12huv90exceedingly angry with your fathers

very angry with your forefathers

10ZEC13wv9bfigs-metaphor0Turn to me ... and I will return to you

Yahweh speaks of having a change of attitude toward another person as if it were turning or returning. The people turning to Yahweh means that they will again be devoted to him and worship him, while Yahweh returning to the people means that he will again bless them and help them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

11ZEC13ymr9figs-123person0this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts
12ZEC14le2qfigs-metaphor0Turn from your evil ways and wicked practices
13ZEC14g1tefigs-123person0this is Yahweh's declaration
14ZEC15tk3pfigs-rquestion0Your fathers, where are they? Where are the prophets, are they here forever?
15ZEC16b2aifigs-rquestion0But my words and my decrees that I commanded my servants the prophets, have they not overtaken your fathers?
16ZEC16p786figs-doublet0my words and my decrees

These phrases are both ways to refer to Yahweh's message that the prophets had declared to their ancestors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

17ZEC16pc8ufigs-doublet0our ways and actions
18ZEC17kav5translate-hebrewmonths0the twenty-fourth day of the eleventh month, which is the month of Shebat
19ZEC17epb7translate-ordinal0in the second year of Darius' reign
20ZEC17al5nfigs-idiom0the word of Yahweh came
21ZEC17li5wtranslate-names0Berechiah ... Iddo

These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

22ZEC18rsm40look
23ZEC18fg97translate-unknown0myrtle trees

a kind of small tree with colorful flowers (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

24ZEC19rb9l0
25ZEC19l5k20What are these things, Lord?
26ZEC110uiv2figs-idiom0the man who stood among the myrtle trees
27ZEC110m3qffigs-explicit0These are those
28ZEC110paz1figs-explicit0to roam throughout the earth

It is implicit that Yahweh sent these out to walk about in order to patrol the earth. This does not suggest that they were wandering or lost. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

29ZEC111p8cefigs-idiom0the angel of Yahweh who stood among the myrtle trees
30ZEC111vum3figs-explicit0They answered ... they said
31ZEC111z1ntfigs-metaphor0all the earth sits still and is at rest

There being peace and quiet in the world is spoken of as if the earth were a person who is still and resting. Possible meanings are 1) this is a good thing that means that there is peace between nations or 2) this is a bad thing that means that there is no war because nations are helpless to fight against a stronger nation that has subdued them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

32ZEC112hd8wfigs-metonymy0to Jerusalem and to the cities of Judah
33ZEC113ea770with good words, words of comfort

with good, comforting words

34ZEC114z6270I have been jealous for Jerusalem
35ZEC115z4b6figs-idiom0I am very angry with the nations that are at ease
36ZEC115vt8i0I was only a little angry with them

I was only a little angry with the people of Jerusalem

37ZEC115ml6dfigs-explicit0they made the disaster worse
38ZEC116irm7figs-metaphor0I have returned to Jerusalem with mercies
39ZEC116mlv6figs-metonymy0My house will be built within her
40ZEC116qz6gfigs-explicit0the measuring line will be stretched out over Jerusalem
41ZEC117xwc50Again call out, saying

The angel who was speaking to Zechariah says these words.

42ZEC117c5zgfigs-metonymy0My cities will once again overflow with goodness
43ZEC117e1cnfigs-metonymy0Yahweh will again comfort Zion
44ZEC118fb8wfigs-synecdoche0I lifted up my eyes
45ZEC119p1khwriting-symlanguage0These are the horns that have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem
46ZEC120a61d0four craftsmen
47ZEC121y3z50these people

This refers to the four craftsmen.

48ZEC121k412writing-symlanguage0These are the horns that scattered Judah
49ZEC121zd7pfigs-metaphor0so that no man would lift up his head
50ZEC121gm5dfigs-metaphor0to cast down the horns of the nations that lifted up a horn against the land of Judah
51ZEC121q7u90to cast down the horns of the nations that lifted up a horn

to cast down the horns that the nations had lifted up

52ZEC2introj9a80
53ZEC21u35hfigs-synecdoche0I lifted up my eyes
54ZEC21dn7b0measuring line

a rope with a certain length that a person would use to measure buildings or large sections of land

55ZEC22eb3u0So he said to me

So the man with the measuring line said to me

56ZEC23he2kwriting-participants0another angel went out to meet him

This angel is a new participant who has not appeared before this verse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])

57ZEC24ty6u0The second angel said to him

The second angel said to the angel who had talked with me

58ZEC24mt9qfigs-explicit0Jerusalem will sit in the open country ... beasts within her
59ZEC25ync4figs-metaphor0I ... will become for her a wall of fire around her
60ZEC25e11hfigs-123person0this is Yahweh's declaration
61ZEC26c7zpfigs-doublet0Up! Up!
62ZEC27nj7kfigs-metaphor0you who live with the daughter of Babylon
63ZEC28qki80General Information:

Zechariah begins to speak and tells how Yahweh is sending him to judge the nations who have plundered Jerusalem.

64ZEC28uv6hfigs-explicit0for whoever touches you
65ZEC29w4b5translate-symaction0I myself will shake my hand over them
66ZEC29q7li0they will be plunder for their slaves
67ZEC210n5lpfigs-metaphor0Sing for joy, daughter of Zion
68ZEC210ph8ufigs-123person0this is Yahweh's declaration
69ZEC211h8g4figs-metaphor0great nations will join themselves to Yahweh
70ZEC211glg20in that day

at that time

71ZEC211bu8a0I will encamp in the midst of you

I will live among you

72ZEC212e1srfigs-metaphor0Yahweh will inherit Judah as his rightful possession
73ZEC213f45hfigs-synecdoche0all flesh
74ZEC213p2lbfigs-metaphor0he has been roused
75ZEC213dh6yfigs-explicit0from out of his holy place
76ZEC3introgw6m0

Zechariah 03 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter is introduced in prose and shares the fourth vision, which is the priest in dirty clothes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]])

Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 3:7-9, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.

Difficult concepts in this chapter

Visions

It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing.

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

The high priest

This chapter seems to refer to a particular person, Joshua the high priest. However, little is known about him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]])

77ZEC31l2ct0General Information:

Yahweh shows Zechariah a vision of Joshua the priest.

78ZEC31lm1x0Satan was standing at his right hand to accuse him of sin

Satan was standing at Joshua's right side, ready to accuse Joshua of sin

79ZEC32p64gfigs-rquestion0Is this not a brand pulled from the fire?
80ZEC32il5pfigs-metaphor0a brand pulled from the fire

A brand is a burning piece of wood. The angel of Yahweh speaks of Joshua being rescued from captivity in Babylon as if he were a piece of wood that someone pulls from a fire before the wood is completely burned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

81ZEC33d4s4writing-symlanguage0Joshua was dressed in filthy garments
82ZEC34l7ds0those who stood before him
83ZEC34g4d40Look

Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important

84ZEC34k9ltfigs-idiom0I have caused your iniquity to pass from you
85ZEC34uh7kwriting-symlanguage0dress you in fine clothing

Here fine clothing symbolizes righteousness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])

86ZEC35d1b90Let them put
87ZEC35d26a0turban

a long piece of cloth wrapped around the head

88ZEC36v18s0solemnly commanded Joshua

commanded Joshua in a very serious manner

89ZEC37l5bafigs-parallelism0If you will walk in my ways, and if you will keep my commandments
90ZEC37x34kfigs-metonymy0you will govern my house and guard my courts
91ZEC37mwk3figs-idiom0to go and come among these who stand before me
92ZEC38gk7g0General Information:

The angel of Yahweh continues to speak to Joshua.

93ZEC38jym9figs-explicit0your companions who live with you
94ZEC38hp4q0For these men are a sign
95ZEC38v7atfigs-metaphor0my servant the Branch
96ZEC39m5hy0the stone that I have set before Joshua
97ZEC39i5c3figs-metaphor0There are seven eyes on this single stone
98ZEC39l4bw0engrave

carve

99ZEC39i5q1figs-metonymy0I will remove the sin from this land in one day
100ZEC310a257figs-explicit0each man will invite his neighbor to sit under his vine and under his fig tree
101ZEC4introif680

Zechariah 04 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter is written mainly in prose about the fifth vision, which is about the golden lampstand olive trees.

Special concepts in this chapter

Visions

This chapter shows a conversation between Zechariah and the angel of Yahweh. It is important for each of these visions to keep their meanings and not be interpreted to mean any specific thing.

102ZEC41g1iyfigs-simile0roused me like a man roused from his sleep
103ZEC42nj7i0lamp wicks

the parts of a lamp that are lit on fire

104ZEC43n5h3figs-ellipsis0the left side
105ZEC45d96ufigs-rquestion0Do you not know what these things mean?
106ZEC46gn9k0Connecting Statement:

The angel who speaks with Zechariah continues to explain the vision.

107ZEC46y1pwfigs-explicit0Not by might nor by power
108ZEC46wt9sfigs-doublet0Not by might nor by power
109ZEC47abe2figs-metaphor0What are you, great mountain? Before Zerubbabel you will become a plain
110ZEC47k6l1figs-explicit0he will bring out the top stone
111ZEC47cbj6figs-explicit0to shouts of 'Grace! Grace to it!'
112ZEC48j4n70Connecting Statement:

The angel who speaks with Zechariah continues to explain the vision.

113ZEC48lpf1figs-idiom0The word of Yahweh came to me, saying
114ZEC49z7vefigs-synecdoche0The hands of Zerubbabel have laid ... his hands will bring it to completion
115ZEC49gn3ufigs-metonymy0the foundation of this house
116ZEC410w6q1figs-rquestion0Who has despised the day of small things? These people will rejoice
117ZEC410a9tcfigs-explicit0the day of small things
118ZEC410t9lp0plumb stone

This refers to an instrument made with a heavy object attached to the end of a string that builders used to ensure that the walls of buildings were straight.

119ZEC410ym4q0These seven lamps

This phrase refers to the lamps that Zechariah saw in Zechariah 4:2-3.

120ZEC410xm5jwriting-symlanguage0These seven lamps are the eyes of Yahweh that roam over the whole earth
121ZEC411ac360these two olive trees

This refers to the olive trees that Zechariah saw in Zechariah 4:2-3.

122ZEC412t7zp0What are these two olive branches

Here Zechariah changes his question and asks about branches that are connected to the two olive trees.

123ZEC412brf20the two gold pipes

These pipes were not mentioned in the previous description of Zechariah's vision. It is possible that they are connected to the bowl on top of the lampstand and provide the oil with which the lampstand burns.

124ZEC412mv5r0golden oil
125ZEC413anh7figs-rquestion0Do you not know what these are?
126ZEC414rx28writing-symlanguage0These are the sons of fresh olive oil
127ZEC414j7glfigs-idiom0the sons of fresh olive oil
128ZEC414a6x2figs-idiom0who stand before the Lord
129ZEC5introx2ef0

Zechariah 05 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter contains the next two visions. One is about a flying scroll and one is about the basket filled with iniquity. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/iniquity]])

130ZEC51xqx20Then I turned
131ZEC51gf8mfigs-synecdoche0lifted my eyes
132ZEC51ynu90behold
133ZEC52gh1wtranslate-bdistance0twenty cubits long and ten cubits wide
134ZEC53c87q0General Information:

The angel continues to speak with Zechariah.

135ZEC53lv5pfigs-metonymy0This is the curse
136ZEC53mys3figs-idiom0that goes out over the surface of the whole land
137ZEC53iha6figs-metaphor0every thief will be cut off ... everyone who swears a false oath will be cut off
138ZEC53pu8h0what it says on the one side ... what it says on the other side

what the scroll says on one side ... what the scroll says on the other side

139ZEC54jt2j0I will send it out

I will send out the curse

140ZEC54alf7figs-123person0this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts
141ZEC54y2v5figs-metaphor0consume its timber and stones
142ZEC55j4s3figs-synecdoche0Raise your eyes
143ZEC56mb23translate-bvolume0This is a basket containing an ephah that is coming
144ZEC56bcy6writing-symlanguage0This is their iniquity in the whole land
145ZEC57un6afigs-activepassive0a lead covering was lifted off the basket
146ZEC57nn4h0there was a woman under it sitting in it

there was a woman under the lead covering sitting in the basket

147ZEC58xg5wwriting-symlanguage0This is Wickedness
148ZEC58glc20He threw her ... he threw the lead cover
149ZEC59zcp4figs-synecdoche0I lifted my eyes
150ZEC59mt2rfigs-idiom0wind was in their wings
151ZEC59gde60they had wings like a stork's wings

A stork is a type of large bird that has a wingspan of two to four meters. Zechariah compares the size of the women's wings with the size of the stork's wings.

152ZEC59xf59figs-merism0They lifted up the basket between earth and heaven
153ZEC511dyi3figs-ellipsis0To build a temple in the land of Shinar for it
154ZEC511un6qfigs-activepassive0the basket will be set there
155ZEC511gtm80on its prepared base
156ZEC6introz96r0
157ZEC61wvi1figs-synecdoche0lifted my eyes
158ZEC61zj810between two mountains; and the two mountains were made of bronze
159ZEC62tw1yfigs-explicit0The first chariot had red horses
160ZEC65j43mwriting-symlanguage0These are the four winds of heaven
161ZEC65cai50the four winds of heaven
162ZEC65u5msfigs-idiom0standing before the Lord of all the earth
163ZEC66v88q0the white horses are going out to the west country
164ZEC66g5r6figs-metonymy0the white horses are ... the spotted gray horses are
165ZEC68ny4a0he called out to me

the angel called out to me

166ZEC68n3x10Look at the ones

Look at the black horses

167ZEC68c7ixfigs-metonymy0they will appease my spirit concerning the north country
168ZEC69jej6figs-idiom0the word of Yahweh came to me, saying
169ZEC610fez9translate-names0Heldai, Tobijah, and Jedaiah

These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

170ZEC610m87p0this same day

today

171ZEC611f66itranslate-names0Jehozadak

This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

172ZEC611x4hk0take the silver and gold, make a crown

make a crown with the silver and gold

173ZEC612wn660Speak to him and say

Speak to Joshua and say

174ZEC612ihw2figs-metaphor0his name is Branch
175ZEC612w53qfigs-metaphor0He will grow up where he is
176ZEC613lm520He will be a priest on his throne
177ZEC613uyq60he will bear a counsel of peace between the two
178ZEC614ea75figs-activepassive0The crown will given
179ZEC614xn98translate-names0Heldai, Tobijah, Jedaiah ... Hen

These are the names of men. See how you translated these in Zechariah 6:10. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

180ZEC614f3px0for Hen son of Zephaniah as a memorial
181ZEC615e6jpfigs-explicit0those who are far off

This refers to the Israelites who remain in Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

182ZEC615u2bzfigs-you0so you will know
183ZEC615zqz3figs-metonymy0truly listen to the voice of Yahweh your God
184ZEC7intromeb20

Zechariah 07 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter starts about two years after the previous chapter and is written in prose.

Some translations prefer to set apart quotations. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 7:4-14, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.

Special concepts in this chapter

Fasting

This chapter discusses fasting. People were asking the same questions as those from previous generations. The Israelites were asking these same questions before they were exiled from their land.

185ZEC71v1rztranslate-ordinal0on the fourth day
186ZEC71vut4translate-hebrewmonths0Kislev (which was the ninth month)
187ZEC71t9mufigs-idiom0the word of Yahweh came to Zechariah
188ZEC72sb2ztranslate-names0Sharezer and Regem-Melek

These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

189ZEC72y9hy0beg
190ZEC72b1wifigs-metonymy0before the face of Yahweh
191ZEC73kg2p0They spoke ... they said
192ZEC73ty6ctranslate-ordinal0Should I mourn in the fifth month
193ZEC73i8ej0by means of a fast

by fasting

194ZEC74g84yfigs-idiom0the word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying
195ZEC75wdh2translate-ordinal0in the fifth and in the seventh month
196ZEC75v5v5figs-ellipsis0in the fifth
197ZEC75tfh8figs-explicit0in the seventh month

The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah. The seventh month is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])

198ZEC75d7zdfigs-explicit0for these seventy years

The assumed knowledge is that the people of Israel had been slaves in Babylon for 70 years. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])

199ZEC75n3dwfigs-rquestion0were you truly fasting for me?
200ZEC76p43p0When you ate and drank

Possible meanings are 1) when they feasted and drank when celebrating religious festivals or 2) when they ate and drank whenever they were not fasting.

201ZEC76ax5vfigs-rquestion0did you not eat and drink for yourselves?
202ZEC77qy27figs-rquestion0Were these not the same words ... to the west?
203ZEC77dqw4figs-metonymy0by the mouth of the former prophets
204ZEC77n8120you still inhabited Jerusalem

you still lived in Jerusalem

205ZEC77vp7q0foothills

hills at the base of a mountain or mountain range

206ZEC78jsk3figs-idiom0The word of Yahweh came to Zechariah, saying
207ZEC79v17gfigs-abstractnouns0Judge with true justice, covenant faithfulness, and mercy
208ZEC79k9pm0Let each man do this
209ZEC710b2r90widow

a woman whose husband has died

210ZEC710za7v0orphan

a child whose parents have died

211ZEC710ht310foreigner

someone who travels from his own land to a different land

212ZEC710jdb5figs-metonymy0let none of you plot any harm against another in your heart
213ZEC711l8vzfigs-metaphor0set their shoulders stubbornly
214ZEC711if1lfigs-metaphor0They stopped up their ears so they would not hear
215ZEC712ieh1figs-simile0They made their hearts as hard as rock so they would not hear the law or the words of Yahweh of hosts
216ZEC712j76s0in earlier times

in the past

217ZEC712z4q7figs-metonymy0by the mouth of the prophets
218ZEC714hga8figs-metaphor0I will scatter them with a whirlwind
219ZEC714x4q60whirlwind

a strong wind that spins very quickly as it moves and can cause damage

220ZEC714c1xg0delightful land
221ZEC8introuri70

Zechariah 08 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter is a series of sayings from Yahweh of hosts. Each saying is an encouraging note for those returning from the exile to the land of Judah and Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahwehofhosts]])

222ZEC81eh47figs-idiom0The word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying
223ZEC82rx8t0I am passionate for Zion

I have a strong desire to protect Zion

224ZEC82vc1cfigs-metonymy0for Zion
225ZEC82w6qxfigs-explicit0with great anger
226ZEC83m9rifigs-explicit0the mountain of Yahweh of hosts

The implied information is that this refers to Mount Zion, the location upon which the city of Jerusalem was built. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

227ZEC84nus30be in the streets of Jerusalem

be living in Jerusalem

228ZEC84z297figs-explicit0in his hand because he has grown so old

People having the opportunity to grow old implies the city will be peaceful and prosperous for a long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

229ZEC85y52e0The streets of the city will be full

The public areas of the city will be full of people in their normal activities.

230ZEC86n3gafigs-metaphor0If something seems impossible in the eyes of
231ZEC86d5cx0the remnant of this people

the people of Judah who survive

232ZEC86c478figs-metaphor0in my eyes
233ZEC86kp58figs-123person0this is Yahweh's declaration
234ZEC87f4bzfigs-explicit0I am about to rescue my people
235ZEC87x6hqfigs-merism0from the land of the sunrise and from the land of the setting sun
236ZEC88bcy7figs-abstractnouns0I will be their God in truth and in righteousness
237ZEC89h94jfigs-idiom0Strengthen your hands
238ZEC810h2cs0For before those days
239ZEC810gp8k0no crops were gathered in

there were no crops to harvest

240ZEC810z6fg0there was no profit for either man or beast

It was useless for people and their animals to farm the land, because they got no food from it.

241ZEC810qe6afigs-merism0for anyone going or coming

This merism refers to all of life's activities everywhere that anyone went. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])

242ZEC810uh2k0I had set every person each against his neighbor

I had turned everyone against each other

243ZEC811cg9b0But now it will not be as in former days, I will be with the remnant of this people

But I will not treat the remnant of this people now as I did in former days

244ZEC811pcv2figs-explicit0in former days
245ZEC811k5pgfigs-explicit0the remnant of this people
246ZEC811ec3efigs-123person0this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts
247ZEC812sdy1figs-activepassive0seeds of peace will be sown
248ZEC812nk96figs-metaphor0the earth will give its produce; the skies will give their dew

The earth and skies are spoken of as if they were persons giving what is needed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

249ZEC812gq8d0inherit all these things

to have all these things

250ZEC813y21mfigs-explicit0You were an example to the other nations of a curse
251ZEC813mk9ifigs-metonymy0house of Judah and house of Israel
252ZEC813sqv8figs-explicit0you will be a blessing
253ZEC813msq7figs-idiom0let your hands be strong
254ZEC813v8dufigs-metonymy0house of Judah and house of Israel
255ZEC814z32e0do harm to you

punish you

256ZEC814ry4z0provoked my anger

angered me

257ZEC814pw4j0did not relent

did not decide to punish them less

258ZEC815tg1afigs-metonymy0Jerusalem
259ZEC816r54n0that you must do
260ZEC816iy65figs-abstractnouns0Speak truth, every person with his neighbor
261ZEC816m4ld0his neighbor
262ZEC816u5kffigs-abstractnouns0Judge with truth, justice, and peace in your gates
263ZEC816k4ezfigs-explicit0in your gates
264ZEC817l5whfigs-123person0this is Yahweh's declaration
265ZEC818u3xtfigs-idiom0the word of Yahweh of hosts came to me, saying
266ZEC818uuz10came to me
267ZEC819hr3xtranslate-ordinal0The fasts of the fourth month, the fifth month, the seventh month, and the tenth month
268ZEC819x9kpfigs-explicit0The fasts of the fourth month

The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the fourth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians broke through the walls of Jerusalem. The fourth month is during the last part of June and the first part of July on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])

269ZEC819je6qfigs-explicit0the fifth month

The assumed knowledge is that the Jewish people fasted during a part of the fifth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians destroyed the temple in Jerusalem. The fifth month is during the last part of July and the first part of August on Western calendars. See how you translated this in Zechariah 7:3. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])

270ZEC819h4znfigs-explicit0the seventh month

The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the seventh month of the Hebrew calendar because in this month the remaining Jews in Jerusalem fled to Egypt after the murder of Gedaliah, whom the king of Babylon appointed as governor over Judah. The seventh month is during the last part of September and the first part of October on Western calendars. See how you translated this in Zechariah 7:5. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])

271ZEC819qk5afigs-explicit0the tenth month

The assumed knowledge is that the Jews mourned during a part of the tenth month of the Hebrew calendar because this is when the Babylonians began their siege against Jerusalem. The tenth month is during the last part of December and the first part of January on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]])

272ZEC819v6lsfigs-abstractnouns0times of joy, gladness, and happy festivals
273ZEC819vyd5figs-metonymy0the house of Judah
274ZEC819c9gvfigs-abstractnouns0love truth and peace
275ZEC820r5qffigs-explicit0People will come again
276ZEC821rvs3figs-metonymy0will go to another city
277ZEC821b98a0beg
278ZEC821k69qfigs-metonymy0before the face of Yahweh
279ZEC821szh9figs-metaphor0seek Yahweh of hosts

Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

280ZEC822nz8jfigs-metonymy0mighty nations
281ZEC823vw6jfigs-explicit0will grasp the hem of your robe
282ZEC823ed1efigs-explicit0Let us go with you
283ZEC823wc2l0God is with you

God is with you people

284ZEC9introlyp20

Zechariah 09 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter is written mainly in prose about the cities and peoples around where Israel stood as a country until the exile.

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 9:9-10.

Special concepts in this chapter

Prophecies against other nations

The first two verses show that the prophecy concerns neighboring countries. Hamath, Damscus, Tyre and Sidon are cities in areas that were near Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])

285ZEC91gn780This is a declaration of Yahweh's word concerning

This is Yahweh's message about

286ZEC91fjj8figs-metonymy0the land of Hadrak and Damascus
287ZEC91xk5a0Hadrak

The location of Hadrak is unknown today.

288ZEC91q7lh0its resting place

the resting place of the people of Hadrak

289ZEC91fi2z0for the eyes of all humanity and all the tribes of Israel are toward Yahweh
290ZEC91b62mfigs-metonymy0the eyes of all humanity and all the tribes of Israel are toward Yahweh
291ZEC92dbk5figs-metonymy0Hamath
292ZEC92x51xfigs-metonymy0Tyre and Sidon
293ZEC92z6mifigs-irony0for they are very wise
294ZEC93vi9sfigs-personification0built herself a stronghold
295ZEC93p2xvfigs-hyperbole0heaped up silver like dust and refined gold like mud in the streets
296ZEC94ps4e0Look! The Lord will dispossess her
297ZEC94nf2afigs-metonymy0destroy her strength on the sea
298ZEC94rk76figs-activepassive0so she will be devoured by fire
299ZEC95zx4kfigs-metonymy0Ashkelon ... Gaza ... Ekron, her hopes
300ZEC95ae330will see

will see Tyre be destroyed

301ZEC96fmu20Strangers will make their homes in Ashdod

Foreigners will take over Ashdod and live there

302ZEC96r481figs-idiom0I will cut off the pride of the Philistines
303ZEC97efh7figs-metonymy0I will remove their blood from their mouths and their abominations from between their teeth
304ZEC98l2f6figs-metaphor0I will camp around my land
305ZEC98lp3e0for now

For at that time

306ZEC98gnt8figs-metonymy0I see with my own eyes
307ZEC99iqk30General Information:

Yahweh appears to be the speaker in verses 9-13.

308ZEC99u6p1figs-parallelism0Shout with great joy, daughter of Zion! Shout with happiness, daughter of Jerusalem!

These two sentences mean the same thing and intensify the command to rejoice. Yahweh is speaking to the people of Jerusalem as if they were present, but they were not there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])

309ZEC99apz50daughter of Zion ... daughter of Jerusalem
310ZEC99sey90Behold!
311ZEC99ke7v0Your king is coming to you with righteousness and is rescuing you

Your king is righteous and is coming to rescue you

312ZEC99kjw8figs-doublet0on a donkey, on the colt of a donkey
313ZEC910ca4d0cut off the chariot from Ephraim
314ZEC910f5svfigs-explicit0the horse from Jerusalem
315ZEC910n8pyfigs-synecdoche0the bow will be cut off from battle
316ZEC910xh6qfigs-metonymy0for he will speak peace to the nations
317ZEC910m1effigs-doublet0his dominion will be from sea to sea, and from the River to the ends of the earth!
318ZEC910rij40the River

This probably refers to the Euphrates River.

319ZEC911w1wr0General Information:

Yahweh appears to be the speaker in verses 9-13.

320ZEC911tj3z0As for you
321ZEC911n83kfigs-metaphor0the pit where there is no water

This dry pit represents the exile in Babylon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

322ZEC912g5c5figs-metaphor0Return to the stronghold
323ZEC912v54r0prisoners of hope
324ZEC912xt6s0return double to you

return to you twice as much as was taken from you

325ZEC913sjg30Zion
326ZEC913mwe7figs-metaphor0I have bent Judah as my bow
327ZEC913ki73figs-metaphor0filled my quiver with Ephraim

Yahweh speaks of the people of Israel, the northern kingdom, as if they were arrows that he would shoot at his enemies. A quiver is a bag that holds a soldier's arrows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

328ZEC913es7kfigs-metonymy0I have roused your sons, Zion, against your sons, Greece

God is speaking to the people of two different nations at the same time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

329ZEC914h8w90General Information:

In verses 14-16, Zechariah describes how Yahweh will rescue Israel from their enemies.

330ZEC914ms120will appear to them
331ZEC914j3mbfigs-simile0his arrows will shoot out like lightning!

The Israelites sometimes thought of lightning bolts as arrows that God shot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

332ZEC914qh4y0blow the trumpet

The trumpets were rams' horns. People blew into them to give signals in battle and on other occasions. Here the trumpet is blown as a military signal.

333ZEC914cdu90will advance with the storms from Teman
334ZEC915rq950they will devour them

the people of Judah will devour their enemies

335ZEC915l59ufigs-metaphor0will devour
336ZEC915fq6xfigs-metonymy0defeat the stones of the slings
337ZEC915ure5figs-simile0Then they will drink and shout like men drunk on wine
338ZEC915t8ngfigs-simile0they will be filled with wine like bowls
339ZEC915h8j2figs-simile0like the corners of the altar
340ZEC916t4gy0General Information:

In verses 14-16, Zechariah describes how Yahweh will rescue Israel from their enemies.

341ZEC916i4qwfigs-simile0God will rescue them ... as the flock of his people

The people of Israel are spoken of as if they are God's sheep that he cares for and protects. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

342ZEC916kyv5figs-metaphor0They are the jewels of a crown
343ZEC917udt9figs-exclamations0How good and how beautiful they will be!
344ZEC917rzm2figs-parallelism0The young men will flourish on grain and the virgins on sweet wine!
345ZEC917uf1pfigs-parallelism0The young men ... the virgins

These two phrases are parallel and together represent the entire population of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

346ZEC917x8zqfigs-parallelism0grain ... sweet wine

These two phrases are parallel and together represent all of the different kinds of the food and drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

347ZEC10introjmh90

Zechariah 10 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter is written mainly in prose but still uses figurative language as the writer shares a message of redemption and hope for the exiles. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]])

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetic song in 10:1-2.

Special concepts in this chapter

Redemption

This book, and especially this chapter, uses the concepts of redemption and remnant to share the relationship that the people of Judah have with their God. So many of the people of Israel perished as their kingdom went into exile. Now they are returning to the land, but the land is no longer theirs. They are living under foreign rule. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/redeem]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]])

348ZEC101v7qp0General Information:

Zechariah continues speaking to the people of Israel.

349ZEC101ybt50vegetation in the field

causes plants to grow in the field

350ZEC102wcl50household idols speak falsely
351ZEC102tc8c0diviners envision a lie

diviners see false visions

352ZEC102e8gufigs-explicit0they tell deceitful dreams
353ZEC102xi1f0empty comfort

This refers to words that sooth temporarily, but do not provide any longterm help.

354ZEC102nb46figs-simile0they wander like sheep
355ZEC102zr2efigs-simile0they ... suffer because there is no shepherd
356ZEC103e9x10General Information:

It is unclear whether Yahweh is speaking, or if Zechariah is speaking for Yahweh in verses 3-5.

357ZEC103iq7ufigs-metaphor0My wrath burns against the shepherds
358ZEC103ir6nfigs-metaphor0it is the male goats—the leaders—that I will punish
359ZEC103r33n0Yahweh of hosts will also attend to his flock, the house of Judah
360ZEC103t1tcfigs-metonymy0the house of Judah
361ZEC103dd5gfigs-metaphor0make them like his warhorse in battle
362ZEC104l1sr0General Information:

It is unclear whether Yahweh is speaking, or if Zechariah is speaking for Yahweh in verses 3-5.

363ZEC104se8ufigs-metaphor0From Judah will come the cornerstone
364ZEC104xep2writing-symlanguage0the cornerstone ... the tent peg ... the war bow

Possible meanings for these three things are 1) they may be symbolic language that refers to the Messiah who will come from the tribe of Judah or 2) they may refer to different leaders who will come from Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])

365ZEC104q653figs-metaphor0from him will come the tent peg
366ZEC104mgt1figs-metaphor0from him will come the war bow
367ZEC104cw1m0from him will come every ruler together

every ruler will come from Judah

368ZEC105sg3zfigs-simile0They will be like warriors ... streets in battle
369ZEC105f7n7figs-idiom0who trample their enemies into the mud of the streets in battle
370ZEC105xrr5figs-idiom0Yahweh is with them
371ZEC105a47dfigs-metonymy0they will shame those who ride warhorses
372ZEC106skk50General Information:

In verses 6-12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.

373ZEC106tf8lfigs-metonymy0the house of Judah
374ZEC106q4ynfigs-metonymy0the house of Joseph
375ZEC106b62vfigs-metaphor0I had not cast them off
376ZEC107zfa5figs-simile0Ephraim will be like a warrior
377ZEC107pg8lfigs-synecdoche0their hearts will rejoice as with wine
378ZEC107u9gr0their children will see and rejoice. Their hearts will rejoice in me!

their children will see what has taken place and will be happy because of what Yahweh has done for them!

379ZEC108rt4z0General Information:

In verses 6-12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.

380ZEC108h3zu0I will whistle

To whistle is to produce a high, shrill sound with air through narrowed lips. It is often done to give a signal to other people, as here.

381ZEC109a419figs-metaphor0I sowed them among the peoples

The exile of the people is spoken of as if they were seed that Yahweh had planted in a distant land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

382ZEC1010qvy90until there is no more room for them
383ZEC1011gh3n0General Information:

In verses 6-12, Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.

384ZEC1011kec9figs-metaphor0I will pass through the sea of their affliction
385ZEC1011sq3efigs-idiom0I will strike the waves of that sea
386ZEC1011ve5n0will dry up all the depths of the Nile

I will cause the Nile River to lose all its water

387ZEC1011h8a4figs-metonymy0The majesty of Assyria will be brought down
388ZEC1011g3sxfigs-metonymy0the scepter of Egypt will go away from the Egyptians
389ZEC1012wnc70I will strengthen them in myself

I will cause them to be strong and to believe in me

390ZEC1012dh7yfigs-123person0this is Yahweh's declaration
391ZEC11introup7e0
392ZEC111d6vmfigs-metaphor0Open your doors, Lebanon, that fire may devour
393ZEC111kmf3figs-metaphor0fire may devour your cedars
394ZEC112fu2kfigs-personification0Lament, cypress trees, for the cedar trees have fallen
395ZEC112fq53figs-activepassive0What was majestic has been devastated
396ZEC112gbt2figs-personification0Lament, you oaks of Bashan, for the strong forest has gone down.
397ZEC113pb1q0The shepherds howl

The shepherds cry out loudly

398ZEC113ji77figs-metonymy0for their glory has been destroyed
399ZEC113h9clfigs-metonymy0for the pride of the Jordan River has been devastated
400ZEC114zxx9translate-symaction0General Information:

In 11:4-17 is a story about two shepherds. Possible meanings are 1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or 2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])

401ZEC114u48q0watch over the flock set aside for slaughter

take care of a flock of sheep that the owners plan to slaughter

402ZEC115ip1wfigs-activepassive0are not punished
403ZEC116ljs6figs-123person0this is Yahweh's declaration
404ZEC116f3ps0See!
405ZEC116t499figs-rpronouns0I myself
406ZEC116qz87figs-metonymy0turn over every person into the hand of his neighbor and into the hand of his king
407ZEC116sr77figs-metonymy0none of them will I deliver them from their hand
408ZEC117jsk40for those who dealt in sheep

for those who bought and sold sheep

409ZEC117gy5l0Favor
410ZEC118kqz70I became impatient with them,
411ZEC119cnt4figs-activepassive0the sheep that are being destroyed—let them be destroyed
412ZEC1111m881figs-activepassive0the covenant was broken
413ZEC1111ve5pfigs-explicit0knew that Yahweh had spoken
414ZEC1112x7frfigs-explicit0thirty pieces of silver
415ZEC1112zf3atranslate-numbers0thirty pieces
416ZEC1113e1ta0General Information:

The parable about shepherds and sheep continues.

417ZEC1113dv1a0treasury
418ZEC1113ye4ffigs-irony0the excellent price
419ZEC1114js8tfigs-metonymy0between Judah and Israel
420ZEC1115q7l8translate-symaction0General Information:

This continues the story about two shepherds that began in Zechariah 11:4. Possible meanings are 1) Zechariah actually became a shepherd over a flock as a symbolic act showing how Yahweh will treat his people or 2) Zechariah tells a parable that teaches how Yahweh will treat his people. Since it is uncertain which of these meanings is correct, it would be best not to specify either option in the translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])

421ZEC1116t1g5figs-idiom0I am about to set in place a shepherd in the land
422ZEC1116qq2g0the fattened sheep
423ZEC1116wwi60will tear off their hooves

This was probably done as an act of cruelty.

424ZEC1117wum9figs-metonymy0May the sword
425ZEC1117zwk6figs-idiom0come against his arm and his right eye
426ZEC1117gqb9figs-metonymy0his arm
427ZEC1117c27hfigs-explicit0his right eye

A soldier would use his right eye to look around the shield that he held with his left hand. If his right eye was wounded, he would not be able to see to fight in war. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

428ZEC1117h47i0his arm wither away
429ZEC12introcr4a0

Zechariah 12 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Similar to chapter 11, this chapter is written mainly in prose and is talking about Jerusalem.

Special concepts in this chapter

Prophecy

Verses 10-11 are quoted in the New Testament and apply to Jesus' death on the cross. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/cross]])

430ZEC121vy110General Information:

These verses begin a section that tells about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city.

431ZEC121mz3sfigs-metaphor0who stretched out the skies
432ZEC121gzl6figs-metaphor0laid the foundation of the earth
433ZEC121gnm50fashions the spirit of mankind within man
434ZEC122ez4wfigs-metaphor0I am about to make Jerusalem into a cup ... to stagger about
435ZEC122s5lxfigs-metonymy0into a cup
436ZEC122h8snfigs-personification0surrounding her
437ZEC123u546figs-metaphor0I will make Jerusalem a heavy stone for all the peoples
438ZEC124h97f0General Information:

These verses continue telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city.

439ZEC124w42zfigs-metaphor0Over the house of Judah I will open my eyes
440ZEC124jgj7figs-metonymy0the house of Judah
441ZEC125g3n8figs-metonymy0say in their hearts
442ZEC125w95zfigs-abstractnouns0are our strength
443ZEC125u38m0Yahweh of hosts, their God

Yahweh of hosts, the God they worship

444ZEC126t6hr0General Information:

This verse continues telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city.

445ZEC126zv3yfigs-simile0like firepots among wood ... standing grain
446ZEC126cjb80firepots

clay pots in which ancient people often carried burning coals

447ZEC126vm570flaming torch

a wooden stick that is burning at one end which gives light as one travels or carries fire somewhere

448ZEC126iv6nfigs-metaphor0will consume all the surrounding peoples
449ZEC126l53tfigs-merism0on their right and on their left
450ZEC126hh2lfigs-metonymy0Jerusalem will again live in her own place
451ZEC127qxb10General Information:

These verses continue telling about the coming attack against Jerusalem and how God will rescue the city.

452ZEC127nba7figs-metonymy0the tents of Judah
453ZEC127h87nfigs-metonymy0the house of David

Possible meanings are 1) the descendants of David or 2) the ruling class of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

454ZEC128ys6nfigs-simile0those who are weak among them will be like David
455ZEC128zz250the angel of Yahweh

This is an angel sent by Yahweh to protect the people.

456ZEC1210f9d7figs-metaphor0I will pour out a spirit of compassion and pleading on the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem
457ZEC1210dtc60a spirit of compassion and pleading

Here this means to have a characteristic of compassion and pleading.

458ZEC1210c3sxfigs-metonymy0the house of David
459ZEC1210zpa30the one they have pierced

the one whom they stabbed to death

460ZEC1210rxx7figs-ellipsis0for an only son
461ZEC1211mcu4translate-names0the laments in Jerusalem will be like the laments at Hadad Rimmon

Hadad Rimmon may have been the place where the good King Josiah died of battle wounds after the Battle of Megiddo. It appears that the custom arose to hold periodic mourning there for his death. Some people, however, think that Hadad Rimmon was the name of a false god who was believed to die every year, an event for which his worshipers would go into mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

462ZEC1211qg93translate-names0Megiddo

This is the name of a plain in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

463ZEC1212jj6qfigs-metonymy0The land will mourn
464ZEC1212qth7figs-metonymy0The clan of the house of David ... The clan of the house of Nathan
465ZEC1213r6fcfigs-metonymy0The clan of the house of Levi
466ZEC13introjz2l0
467ZEC131f2a5figs-metaphor0a spring will be opened ... for their sin and impurity
468ZEC131f3zc0a spring

a place where water flows naturally out of the ground

469ZEC131s36vfigs-metonymy0the house of David
470ZEC132x2wtfigs-123person0this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts
471ZEC132v452figs-metaphor0I will cut off the names of the idols from the land
472ZEC132u9uefigs-idiom0they will no longer be remembered
473ZEC132mck6figs-metaphor0I will remove the prophets and the spirit of impurity from the land
474ZEC133l7gbfigs-explicit0to prophesy
475ZEC133rx4lfigs-distinguish0his father and mother who bore him
476ZEC133s24k0You will not live
477ZEC133w2sbfigs-metonymy0you speak lies in the name of Yahweh
478ZEC133bap10will pierce

will stab and kill him

479ZEC134u383figs-explicit0each prophet
480ZEC134jx8dfigs-explicit0no longer wear a hairy cloak

Prophets often wore heavy outer garments made of animal hair. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

481ZEC135wud80I am a man who works the soil

I am a farmer

482ZEC135ip2z0the land became my work while I was still a young man
483ZEC136q1ggfigs-explicit0What are these wounds between your arms?
484ZEC136f1cffigs-explicit0he will answer
485ZEC137l7mcwriting-poetry0General Information:

Zechariah often wrote prophecy in the form of poetry. Hebrew poetry uses different kinds of parallelism. Here Yahweh begins speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

486ZEC137c9hlfigs-personification0Sword! Rouse yourself against my shepherd
487ZEC137z2t4figs-metaphor0my shepherd
488ZEC137r27cfigs-123person0this is the declaration of Yahweh of hosts
489ZEC137ttv9figs-metaphor0the flock will scatter
490ZEC137kp5pfigs-idiom0I will turn my hand against the lowly ones
491ZEC137tys60the lowly ones

This probably refers to all the Israelites who are weak and defenseless.

492ZEC138u8xdfigs-metaphor0that two-thirds of it will be cut off! Those people will perish; only one-third will remain there
493ZEC139ac7vfigs-metaphor0I will bring that third through the fire

Metal is passed through fire in order to purify or harden it. This expression serves here as a metaphor for exposing the people to suffering in order that they may become more faithful to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

494ZEC139h19lfigs-metaphor0refine them as silver is refined; I will test them as gold is tested

Refining refers to making precious metals such as silver more pure. Metals such as silver and gold are tested in order to discover how pure or strong they are. Both refining and testing are here metaphors for making the people more faithful to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

495ZEC139ru4efigs-metonymy0They will call on my name
496ZEC14introljq30
497ZEC141zs1r0General Information:

This chapter describes the final war for the city of Jerusalem and how God will save it.

498ZEC141a7h2figs-metaphor0A day for Yahweh is coming when your plunder will be divided in your midst
499ZEC142q4hufigs-hyperbole0I will gather every nation against Jerusalem for battle
500ZEC142qi2nfigs-activepassive0the city will be captured
501ZEC142lk8afigs-activepassive0The houses will be plundered and the women raped
502ZEC142cej1figs-activepassive0the remainder of the people will not be cut off from the city
503ZEC143l9z10General Information:

These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save it. In this prophecy, Yahweh is described as a warrior who will come and fight in battle.

504ZEC143m5ez0as when he wages war on the day of battle

just as he fought battles in the past

505ZEC144v1g40On that day

At that time

506ZEC144ak3rfigs-synecdoche0his feet will stand on the Mount of Olives
507ZEC144kpm4figs-activepassive0The Mount of Olives will be split ... by a very great valley
508ZEC145x9i70General Information:

These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.

509ZEC145u952figs-you0you will flee
510ZEC145n9740between Yahweh's mountains

This refers to the mountains created after the Mount of Olives split in half.

511ZEC145q9u5translate-names0Azel

This is the name of a town or village east of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

512ZEC145d8lyfigs-explicit0You will flee just as you fled
513ZEC145n1lhfigs-idiom0in the days of Uzziah, king of Judah
514ZEC145mw1g0the holy ones

This probably refers to God's angels.

515ZEC146g29k0General Information:

These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.

516ZEC146qjd10On that day

At that time

517ZEC146z2knfigs-explicit0there will be no light
518ZEC147yli2figs-activepassive0a day known only to Yahweh
519ZEC148v254figs-idiom0living waters

This normally means running or flowing water, rather than still or stagnant water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

520ZEC148wpw50the eastern sea

This refers to the Dead Sea, which is east of Jerusalem.

521ZEC148uks50the western sea

This refers to the Mediterranean Sea.

522ZEC149k9gf0General Information:

These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.

523ZEC149r6nifigs-metonymy0there will be Yahweh, the one God, and his name alone
524ZEC1410wmv3figs-explicit0All the land
525ZEC1410sj4ytranslate-names0Arabah

This is the name of a plain in the Jordan River Valley. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

526ZEC1410sxq5translate-names0Geba

This is the name of a town on the northern border of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

527ZEC1410rz4ctranslate-names0Rimmon

This is the name of a town south of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

528ZEC1410uk8uwriting-connectingwords0Jerusalem will continue to be raised up
529ZEC1410eay1translate-names0the Benjamin Gate ... the first gate ... the Corner Gate
530ZEC1410t1rwtranslate-names0the Tower of Hananel

This refers to a strong point in the city defenses on the northern wall. It was probably built by a man named Hananel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

531ZEC1410rki8figs-explicit0the king's winepresses

This probably refers to the place where wine was made for the royal family. It was located in the southwest part of Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

532ZEC1411gbk1figs-metonymy0Jerusalem will live in safety
533ZEC1412qiz50General Information:

These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.

534ZEC1412wg9q0even as they are standing on their feet
535ZEC1413w6frfigs-abstractnouns0that great fear from Yahweh will come among them
536ZEC1413yl73figs-idiom0Each one will seize the hand of another, and the hand of one will be raised up against the hand of another
537ZEC1414jps40General Information:

These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.

538ZEC1414n8dyfigs-metonymy0Judah will also fight against Jerusalem
539ZEC1414h6q80Judah will also fight against Jerusalem
540ZEC1414up2x0They will gather the wealth

They will capture all the valuable possessions

541ZEC1414q4110in great abundance

in great quantities

542ZEC1416wx980General Information:

These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.

543ZEC1416rf9tfigs-idiom0that came against Jerusalem
544ZEC1416y2h60will instead go up from year to year

will instead go to Jerusalem every year

545ZEC1416ryt40the Festival of Shelters
546ZEC1418q1tmfigs-metaphor0A plague from Yahweh will attack the nations
547ZEC1419ai960General Information:

These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.

548ZEC1420q1hq0General Information:

These verses continue the description of the final war for the city of Jerusalem and of how God will save her.

549ZEC1420j9sd0the bells of the horses will say

the inscription on the bells of the horses will say

550ZEC1420ez1ifigs-explicit0the basins in Yahweh's house
551ZEC1420c8cdfigs-explicit0will be like the bowls before the altar
552ZEC1421q2990every pot in Jerusalem and Judah will be set apart to Yahweh of hosts

Various types of pots and utensils were made especially to be used in the temple for the worship of Yahweh and for the sacrifices. These were considered special, not to be used for anything else.

553ZEC1421qfn5figs-explicit0traders will no longer be in the house of Yahweh
554ZEC1421hw3t0traders