en_tn/en_tn_20-PRO.tsv

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Proverbs 01 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The first chapter of proverbs begins with a type of introduction in verses 1-7. It mentions Solomon, son of David. Verse 7 contains a foundational verse for the whole book. It defines wisdom.

Special concepts in this chapter

Parallelism

Proverbs are often written without any surrounding context and in two lines of text. Each line will have a certain relationship to the other line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4PRO11q6pnwriting-poetry0General Information:

Verses 2-33 are poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])

5PRO12iaq1figs-abstractnouns0to teach wisdom and instruction
6PRO12rs3p0to teach words of insight

to help you understand wise teachings

7PRO13ew1zfigs-you0that you may receive
8PRO13aun5figs-abstractnouns0may receive instruction in order to live
9PRO14be4cfigs-abstractnouns0are also to give wisdom to the naive
10PRO14j62d0naive

inexperienced or immature

11PRO14p2cafigs-abstractnouns0to give knowledge and discretion to young people
12PRO14wxv50discretion

knowing what should be done in a particular situation

13PRO15lrm20Let wise people listen and increase their learning

Let those who are wise pay attention and learn even more

14PRO15r7sn0let discerning people get guidance

let people who have understanding learn from these proverbs how to make good decisions

15PRO16rcl90riddles

sayings that one can understand only after thinking about them

16PRO17r9nd0General Information:

A father teaches his child.

17PRO17ga710Yahweh

This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.

18PRO17l9za0fools despise wisdom and instruction

those who do not value what is wise and instructive are fools

19PRO18p2x9figs-idiom0do not lay aside
20PRO19qxp8figs-metaphor0they will be a graceful wreath for your head and pendants hanging from your neck
21PRO19h55y0wreath

an woven circle made of leaves or flowers

22PRO19l3ql0pendants

jewelry that is worn around the neck

23PRO110y9bt0try to entice you into their sin

try to persuade you to sin as they do

24PRO110e1wu0refuse to follow them
25PRO111f89hfigs-hypo0If they say

Here the speaker gives an example of what sinners may try to entice someone to do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

26PRO111nvn90lie in wait

hide and wait for the right time

27PRO112b8bq0General Information:

Verses 12-14 end the imagined statement of the sinners who are trying to entice others to sin.

28PRO112w4w6figs-metaphor0Let us swallow them up alive, like Sheol takes away those who are healthy

The sinners speak of murdering innocent people as if they were Sheol and they would take a living and healthy person down to the place where dead people go. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

29PRO112jg5zfigs-personification0Let us swallow ... like Sheol takes away

This speaks of the grave as if it were a person that swallows humans and takes them down to the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

30PRO112kea40like Sheol takes away those who are healthy

The wicked expect to destroy their victims in the same way Sheol, the place of the dead, takes away even healthy people.

31PRO112ayt40make them like those who fall into the pit
32PRO114x2p6figs-idiom0Throw in your lot with us
33PRO114l56rfigs-metonymy0we will all have one purse together
34PRO114ci4y0purse

a bag for carrying money

35PRO115t25ufigs-metaphor0do not walk down that road with them; do not let your foot touch where they walk
36PRO116vap2figs-metaphor0their feet run to evil
37PRO116v6fcfigs-synecdoche0their feet run
38PRO116m7uifigs-metonymy0to shed blood
39PRO117g5jdfigs-metaphor0For it is useless to spread the net in the sight of any bird

This metaphor compares the wisdom of birds who avoid traps that they see to the foolishness of sinners who get caught in traps they make for themselves. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

40PRO118ulr3figs-metaphor0These men lie in wait for their own blood—they set an ambush for their own lives
41PRO118b16mfigs-metaphor0These men lie in wait for their own blood
42PRO118vs5nfigs-metonymy0their own blood
43PRO118rih3figs-metonymy0they set an ambush for their own lives
44PRO119fz7sfigs-metaphor0So are the ways of everyone
45PRO119su23figs-metaphor0unjust gain takes away the lives of those who hold on to it
46PRO120xza5figs-personification0General Information:

In 1:20-1:33 Wisdom is spoken of as if it were a woman speaking to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

47PRO120pj5ifigs-personification0Wisdom cries aloud
48PRO120u7zcfigs-idiom0raises her voice
49PRO120pj5vfigs-explicit0in the open places
50PRO121ggk10at the head of the noisy streets
51PRO122jk3xfigs-rquestion0How long, you naive people, will you love being naive?
52PRO122v3nj0naive

inexperienced or immature

53PRO122j83hfigs-rquestion0How long, you mockers, will you delight in mockery, and how long, you fools, will you hate knowledge?
54PRO123v9unfigs-personification0General Information:

Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

55PRO123uv1b0Pay attention

Listen carefully

56PRO123t4c9figs-metaphor0I will pour out my thoughts to you

Wisdom telling the people everything she thinks about them is spoken of as if her thoughts were a liquid that she would pour out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

57PRO123c7ci0I will make my words known to you

I will tell you what I think

58PRO124i835figs-idiom0I reached out with my hand
59PRO126y4fk0General Information:

Wisdom continues to speak, describing what happens to those who ignore her.

60PRO126r8lxwriting-connectingwords0I will laugh
61PRO126p97h0at your calamity

when bad things happen to you

62PRO127kd9mfigs-simile0when your fearful dread comes like a storm ... like a whirlwind ... come upon you

Terrible things happening to the people is compared to a storm hitting them and causing fear and suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

63PRO127uy590whirlwind

a very strong wind storm that causes damage

64PRO128m9t9figs-personification0

Wisdom continues speaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

65PRO128g5w70Then they will call upon me

Then those who ignored me will cry out to me for help

66PRO129xk1efigs-abstractnouns0Because they hate knowledge
67PRO129iu3zfigs-abstractnouns0did not choose the fear of Yahweh
68PRO130h1ds0would not follow my instruction
69PRO131nr9k0General Information:

Verse 33 ends wisdom's statement that began in Proverbs 1:22.

70PRO131wkf7figs-metaphor0eat the fruit of their ways
71PRO131c1jcfigs-metaphor0with the fruit of their schemes they will be filled
72PRO132t8af0naive

inexperienced or immature

73PRO132d3pkfigs-metaphor0are killed when they turn away
74PRO132le64figs-abstractnouns0the indifference of fools will destroy them
75PRO132cmi90indifference

a lack of interest about something

76PRO2introwr6i0
77PRO21gj7rfigs-parallelism0General Information:

A father teaches his child using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

78PRO21wtm10if you receive my words

if you listen to what I am teaching you

79PRO21jh3ifigs-metaphor0treasure up my commandments with you
80PRO22an5cfigs-idiom0make your ears pay attention
81PRO22w1ilfigs-abstractnouns0to wisdom
82PRO22gme3figs-metonymy0incline your heart to understanding
83PRO23j5n7figs-parallelism0If you cry out for understanding and raise your voice for it
84PRO23q192figs-idiom0raise your voice

This is an idiom that means to speak loudly or to shout. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

85PRO24ci1kfigs-parallelism0if you seek it like you would seek silver and search for understanding as you would seek hidden treasures
86PRO24ll3nfigs-metaphor0you seek it ... search for understanding

Trying very hard to understand what is wise is spoken of as if understanding were an object for which a person must search. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

87PRO25h49hfigs-metaphor0you will find the knowledge of God

To succeed in knowing God is spoken of as if the knowledge of God were an object that a person finds after searching. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

88PRO26g5bjfigs-synecdoche0from his mouth comes knowledge and understanding
89PRO27jn6bfigs-metaphor0He stores up sound wisdom for those who please him
90PRO27dv7k0sound

dependable

91PRO27m2mifigs-metaphor0he is a shield for those
92PRO27u4zrfigs-metaphor0who walk in integrity
93PRO28qt7rfigs-metaphor0he guards the paths of justice
94PRO28t2qdfigs-metaphor0preserve the way of his faithful ones
95PRO29qn9x0equity

fairness

96PRO29ex8yfigs-metaphor0every good path
97PRO210kf4ifigs-metonymy0wisdom will come into your heart
98PRO210z4e2figs-synecdoche0pleasant to your soul
99PRO211jbm7figs-personification0Discretion will watch over you, understanding will guard you
100PRO211q2th0Discretion

the quality of being careful in actions and speech

101PRO211dnu80watch over

to guard, protect or take care of someone or something

102PRO212ix2efigs-personification0They will rescue you from the way of evil
103PRO212vs4cfigs-metaphor0from the way of evil

Evil behaviors are spoken of as if evil were a way or path on which a person walks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

104PRO213a5k8figs-metaphor0who abandon the right paths and walk in the ways of darkness

A person no longer doing what is right but deciding to do what is evil is spoken of as if the person stops walking on the correct path and chooses to walk down a dark path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

105PRO213tc6p0who abandon
106PRO213q9by0abandon

to leave and never return to someone or something

107PRO214e5710They rejoice
108PRO214t4yzfigs-parallelism0delight in the perversities of evil
109PRO215jpq2figs-metaphor0They follow crooked paths
110PRO215lsl5figs-metaphor0using deception they hide their tracks
111PRO216erj50General Information:

The father continues to teach his child how wisdom will protect him.

112PRO216p5k9figs-personification0Wisdom and discretion will save you
113PRO217c2iu0the companion of her youth

This refers to her husband, whom she married when she was young.

114PRO217awb40the covenant of her God

This likely refers to the marriage covenant that she made with her husband in the presence of God.

115PRO218dn9d0her house sinks down to death
116PRO218kl7yfigs-metaphor0her tracks will lead you
117PRO218hwl4figs-metonymy0to those in the grave
118PRO219n7tgfigs-euphemism0go in to her

This means to go into her house to sleep with her, as one would with a prostitute. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])

119PRO219zg4r0they will not find the paths of life
120PRO220ts710So

The writer tells the result of getting understanding and discretion.

121PRO220fiw6figs-metaphor0you will walk in the way ... follow the paths
122PRO222r5smfigs-metaphor0the wicked will be cut off from the land
123PRO222w94mfigs-nominaladj0the wicked ... the faithless
124PRO222cmv9figs-metaphor0the faithless will be cut off from it
125PRO3introa94e0
126PRO31p6r4figs-parallelism0General Information:

The writer speaks as a father teaching his child using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

127PRO31f5cvfigs-abstractnouns0do not forget my commands
128PRO31tk78figs-parallelism0keep my teachings in your heart
129PRO32r3iafigs-doublet0for the length of your days and years of your life
130PRO33w5infigs-personification0Do not let covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness ever leave you
131PRO33xj6jfigs-metaphor0tie them together about your neck
132PRO33i4ptfigs-metonymy0write them on the tablet of your heart
133PRO34g3fyfigs-metaphor0in the sight of God and man
134PRO35w345figs-metonymy0all your heart
135PRO35m1v4figs-metaphor0do not lean on your own understanding
136PRO36c7brfigs-metaphor0in all your ways
137PRO36m1v6figs-metaphor0he will make your paths straight
138PRO37y6isfigs-metaphor0Do not be wise in your own eyes
139PRO37au5sfigs-metaphor0turn away from evil
140PRO38du95figs-explicit0It will be healing to your flesh
141PRO39thp20all your produce

all the food you harvest

142PRO310z9amfigs-activepassive0your storehouses will be filled up
143PRO310y7db0storehouses

buildings or rooms where food is stored

144PRO310vtx60your vats will be bursting

your storage containers will be extremely full, as if ready to break open.

145PRO311f4sx0General Information:

The writer writes as a father teaching his son.

146PRO312gpk5figs-explicit0a son who pleases him
147PRO313d1nqfigs-metaphor0The one who finds wisdom
148PRO314gy740what silver will give in return

This refers to the profit that one can make from trading or investing silver.

149PRO315y2ylfigs-personification0General Information:

The author speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

150PRO315vxz80more precious

more valuable

151PRO316p6g3figs-personification0She has the length of her days in her right hand; in her left hand are riches and honor
152PRO316k6irfigs-idiom0length of her days
153PRO317mfb4figs-personification0Her ways are ways of kindness and all her paths are peace
154PRO318le9qfigs-metaphor0She is a tree of life to those who take hold of it
155PRO318l7hn0a tree of life
156PRO318ka8x0those who hold on to it

those who hold on to its fruit

157PRO319c1nffigs-metaphor0Yahweh founded the earth ... established the heavens
158PRO320ulw3figs-explicit0the depths broke open
159PRO320b6d20dew

water that forms on the ground at night

160PRO321xa9ffigs-metaphor0do not lose sight of them
161PRO322mr5lfigs-synecdoche0They will be life to your soul
162PRO322x4q3figs-metaphor0an adornment of favor to wear around your neck
163PRO322r2k80adornment of favor
164PRO323k64jfigs-metaphor0you will walk on your way in safety
165PRO323d5hdfigs-synecdoche0your foot will not stumble
166PRO324f69hfigs-explicit0when you lie down
167PRO324q2v4figs-metaphor0your sleep will be sweet
168PRO325ds94figs-activepassive0devastation caused by the wicked, when it comes
169PRO326aw88figs-idiom0Yahweh will be on your side
170PRO326z3yefigs-metaphor0will keep your foot from being caught in a trap
171PRO327yl8a0Do not withhold good
172PRO327sqz50when it is in your power to act

when you are able to help

173PRO328e1qg0when you have the money with you
174PRO331pae7figs-explicit0Do not ... choose any of his ways
175PRO332eu7k0the devious person is detestable to Yahweh

Yahweh detests the devious person

176PRO332n8ed0the devious person

the person who is dishonest or deceitful

177PRO332uy1efigs-explicit0he brings the upright person into his confidence
178PRO333h6nsfigs-metaphor0The curse of Yahweh is on the house of the wicked person
179PRO333q866figs-metonymy0he blesses the home of righteous people
180PRO334kb65figs-metaphor0he gives his favor to humble people
181PRO335y7vzfigs-metaphor0Wise people inherit honor
182PRO335b6jxfigs-metaphor0fools will be lifted up in their shame
183PRO4introz4ah0
184PRO41hqv10General Information:

The writer speaks as a father teaching his children.

185PRO41zck60pay attention

listen carefully

186PRO41s4lm0you will know what understanding is
187PRO42paf30I am giving you good instructions

What I am teaching you is good

188PRO43y999figs-explicit0When I was a son of my father
189PRO43n5kefigs-hendiadys0the tender and only child
190PRO44b7y3figs-metonymy0Let your heart hold fast to my words
191PRO45rat90General Information:

The father continues to teach his children what his father taught him.

192PRO45ft420Acquire wisdom
193PRO45fb3y0do not forget

remember

194PRO45m3uv0do not reject

accept

195PRO45su5gfigs-synecdoche0the words of my mouth
196PRO46zc73figs-personification0do not abandon wisdom and she will watch over you; love her and she will keep you safe

The writer speaks of wisdom as if it were a woman who protects the person who is faithful to her. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

197PRO46vrf50do not abandon wisdom
198PRO46h75g0love her

love wisdom

199PRO47zu2p0General Information:

The father finishes teaching his children what his father taught him.

200PRO47guq50spend all you own so you can get understanding

value understanding more than all you own

201PRO48pa2ifigs-personification0Cherish wisdom and she will exalt you
202PRO48x13z0Cherish

to feel or show great love for someone or something

203PRO48k4flfigs-personification0she will honor you when you embrace her
204PRO49z38efigs-metaphor0She will put a wreath of honor on your head
205PRO49beu80wreath

a woven circle made of leaves or flowers

206PRO49z184figs-metaphor0she will give you a beautiful crown
207PRO410p1f40pay attention to my words

listen carefully to what I teach you

208PRO410l7bx0you will have many years in your life

you will live many years

209PRO411h1qlfigs-metaphor0I direct you in the way of wisdom; I lead you down straight paths
210PRO412xxp4figs-metaphor0When you walk, no one will stand in your way and if you run, you will not stumble
211PRO413d7gkfigs-metaphor0Hold on to instruction, do not let it go
212PRO413ljf9figs-metonymy0for it is your life
213PRO414gi8lfigs-metaphor0Do not follow the path of the wicked and do not go along the way of those who do evil
214PRO415cr8d0Avoid it

Avoid the path of the wicked

215PRO416n1jzfigs-hyperbole0they cannot sleep until they do evil

They probably could literally sleep, but the writer uses an exaggeration to express how intensely they desire to commit evil actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])

216PRO416a2jqfigs-hyperbole0they are robbed of sleep
217PRO416bvp7figs-metaphor0until they cause someone to stumble
218PRO417vfi9figs-metaphor0they eat the bread of wickedness and drink the wine of violence
219PRO418w7hufigs-metaphor0the path of righteous people
220PRO418etf9figs-simile0the path of righteous people is like the first light that grows brighter
221PRO418i5k70the first light

This refers to the dawn or sunrise.

222PRO418jv88figs-idiom0until the fullness of the day comes
223PRO419bqj5figs-metaphor0The way of the wicked
224PRO419mj9lfigs-simile0The way of the wicked is like darkness
225PRO419m9yhfigs-metaphor0they do not know what it is they stumble over
226PRO420w8jd0pay attention

listen carefully

227PRO420kji2figs-synecdoche0incline your ear to my sayings
228PRO421zdv5figs-metaphor0Do not let them turn away from your eyes
229PRO421a189figs-metaphor0keep them in your heart
230PRO422jnu1figs-metonymy0my words are life
231PRO422lby5figs-metaphor0to those who find them
232PRO422d57yfigs-ellipsis0health to their whole body
233PRO423pf19figs-metonymy0Keep your heart safe and guard it
234PRO423klv30with all diligence

with constant and earnest effort

235PRO423n8vdfigs-metonymy0from it flow the springs of life
236PRO424a2swfigs-metaphor0Put crooked speech away from you and put corrupt talk far from you
237PRO425il8gfigs-synecdoche0Let your eyes look straight ahead and fix your gaze straight before you
238PRO426nt2zfigs-synecdoche0Make a level path for your foot
239PRO426g2a20a level path
240PRO426xyn9figs-metaphor0then all your ways will be secure
241PRO427h89ufigs-merism0Do not turn aside to the right or to the left
242PRO427j3tnfigs-synecdoche0turn your foot away from evil
243PRO5introjxf10
244PRO51vi270General Information:

The writer speaks as a father teaching his children.

245PRO51nl9hfigs-synecdoche0incline your ears
246PRO52cei40discretion

Discretion is the quality of being careful with regard to one's actions and speech. See how you translated this in Proverbs 1:4.

247PRO52la7ffigs-synecdoche0your lips may protect knowledge
248PRO53zxr9figs-metonymy0the lips of an adulteress drip with honey
249PRO53z9rmfigs-metonymy0her mouth is smoother than oil
250PRO54pd3gfigs-metaphor0but in the end she is as bitter as wormwood
251PRO54m3sn0wormwood

a plant that tastes bitter

252PRO54jy84figs-metaphor0cutting like a sharp sword
253PRO55kc88figs-synecdoche0Her feet go down to death
254PRO55g7qffigs-metaphor0her steps go all the way to Sheol
255PRO56nxc1figs-metaphor0She gives no thought to the path of life
256PRO56iki30Her footsteps wander
257PRO57dwp80Now

Here the teacher shifts from warning about the adulteress to giving advice.

258PRO57ry9ifigs-parallelism0listen to me ... do not turn away from listening

These two phrases express the same idea to make the student pay attention. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

259PRO57e4q8figs-metaphor0do not turn away from listening
260PRO57ih1hfigs-synecdoche0the words of my mouth
261PRO58y32efigs-metonymy0Keep your path far away from her
262PRO58jw5hfigs-synecdoche0do not come near the door of her house
263PRO59pl7u0In that way
264PRO59b54w0you will not give away your honor to others
265PRO59bc5bfigs-ellipsis0or years of your life to a cruel person
266PRO59yb9a0a cruel person

This may refer to the husband of the adulteress, who will deal cruelly with the person who sleeps with her.

267PRO510d9brfigs-metaphor0strangers will not feast on your wealth
268PRO510ksf3figs-metonymy0what you have worked for will not go into the house of strangers
269PRO511la5hfigs-doublet0your flesh and your body waste away
270PRO511i4yh0waste away
271PRO512x4difigs-parallelism0I hated instruction ... my heart despised correction

These two phrases express the same idea and emphasize how much this person disliked what the teacher had said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

272PRO512m4grfigs-exclamations0How I hated instruction
273PRO512b7lffigs-synecdoche0my heart despised correction
274PRO513kvf5figs-synecdoche0incline my ear to my instructors
275PRO514he4cfigs-parallelism0in the midst of the assembly, among the gathering of the people

These two phrases mean basically the same thing and refer to the person's community that has gathered together either 1) to worship God or 2) to judge him for his offense. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

276PRO515f76jfigs-parallelism0water from your own cistern ... running water from your own well

These two phrases mean basically the same thing. The writer speaks of a man sleeping only with his wife as if he drank water only from his own cistern or well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

277PRO515t8avfigs-metaphor0running water
278PRO516pe1sfigs-rquestion0Should your springs ... your streams of water flow in the public squares?
279PRO516u3uafigs-euphemism0Should your springs ... your streams of water flow in the public squares?
280PRO516ss2w0public squares

Open areas in a city or town where two or more streets meet. A common place for people to meet each other and talk.

281PRO517f7ge0Let them be
282PRO517s9wf0not for strangers with you

do not share them with strangers

283PRO518xd81figs-metaphor0May your fountain be blessed
284PRO518tz7f0the wife of your youth
285PRO519n93jfigs-metaphor0she is a loving deer and a graceful doe
286PRO519dv450graceful
287PRO519x1vqfigs-synecdoche0Let her breasts satisfy you
288PRO519pb8mfigs-activepassive0may you be continually intoxicated by her love
289PRO519elf20by her love
290PRO520d78ffigs-rquestion0For why should you, my son, be captivated by an adulteress; why should you embrace the breasts of an immoral woman?
291PRO520z71kfigs-activepassive0be captivated by an adulteress
292PRO520zr1ufigs-synecdoche0why should you embrace the breasts of an immoral woman
293PRO520x9gw0an immoral woman
294PRO521jh86figs-parallelism0sees everything ... watches all the paths

These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that God knows everything that everyone does. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

295PRO521p1arfigs-metaphor0all the paths he takes
296PRO522u9yafigs-personification0A wicked person will be seized by his own iniquities
297PRO522he5dfigs-metaphor0the cords of his sin will hold him tight
298PRO523x16kfigs-activepassive0he is led astray by his great foolishness
299PRO523n1a70by his great foolishness

because he is very foolish

300PRO6introxq950
301PRO61sb1bfigs-explicit0set aside your money
302PRO61z2560a guarantee for your neighbor's loan

Possible meanings are 1) your neighbor may come to you to ask for a loan or 2) your neighbor wants to take out a loan from someone else, but you promise to pay the lender back if your neighbor cannot.

303PRO61p3wd0neighbor
304PRO62p9iufigs-idiom0you have laid a trap for yourself
305PRO62qta70the words of your mouth
306PRO63d6yp0save yourself
307PRO63zn5ufigs-idiom0you have fallen into the hand of your neighbor
308PRO63mzx90neighbor

friend

309PRO64be5ifigs-parallelism0Give your eyes no sleep and your eyelids no slumber
310PRO64n831figs-synecdoche0your eyes ... your eyelids
311PRO65xjb30Save yourself like a gazelle from the hand of the hunter

Escape from your neighbor like a gazelle that flees from a hunter

312PRO65lcv30gazelle

This is a big, lean animal that eats grass and that people often hunt for meat. It is famous for running away quickly.

313PRO65ffv9figs-metonymy0from the hand of the hunter
314PRO65fn1g0like a bird from the hand of the fowler

and escape like a bird that flies away from a bird-hunter

315PRO66il7a0Look at ... consider
316PRO66xh1r0ant

An ant is a small insect that lives underground or in a self-built hill. They usually live in groups of thousands, and they can lift things that are much bigger than they are.

317PRO66uze2figs-metonymy0consider her ways
318PRO67tmb7figs-doublet0commander, officer, or ruler

These three words mean basically the same thing and are used to emphasized that no one has formal authority over an individual ant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

319PRO68w9jcfigs-parallelism0it prepares its food in the summer ... during the harvest it stores up what it will eat

These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are repeated to show how responsible the ant is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

320PRO68c8we0summer

Summer is the time of the year when some trees bear their fruit.

321PRO69r6u4figs-parallelism0How long will you sleep ... When will you rise from your sleep?
322PRO610q6ab0A little sleep ... of the hands to rest

These are the kinds of things that lazy people say.

323PRO610f9h7figs-parallelism0A little sleep, a little slumber
324PRO610c54pfigs-metonymy0folding of the hands to rest
325PRO611qm7mfigs-explicit0and your poverty will come
326PRO611zz4vfigs-simile0your poverty will come like a robber
327PRO611r7zafigs-simile0and your needs like an armed soldier
328PRO611vt3g0an armed soldier
329PRO612sk3yfigs-doublet0A worthless person—a wicked man
330PRO612q9lyfigs-metaphor0lives by the crookedness of his speech
331PRO613b2zu0winking his eyes, making signals with his feet and pointing with his fingers

All three of these phrases describe a way in which the evil person communicates secretly to deceive other people.

332PRO613kq860winking his eyes

If someone winks, he closes one eye very briefly as a secret signal to another person. This might be a sign of trust, of approval, or of something else.

333PRO614za5w0He plots evil
334PRO614bbx60he always stirs up discord
335PRO615n8uw0Therefore

For that reason

336PRO615fz64figs-personification0his disaster will overtake him
337PRO615j5gd0his disaster

This refers to the disaster that will happen to him, but also the disaster that he himself caused.

338PRO615h6bm0in an instant; in a moment
339PRO616it1efigs-parallelism0six things that Yahweh hates, seven that
340PRO616akh60that are disgusting to him
341PRO617zib90Connecting Statement:

This is the list of things that Yahweh hates that was introduced in Proverbs 6:16.

342PRO617kpi4figs-synecdoche0eyes ... tongue ... hands
343PRO617cip30shed the blood of
344PRO618jq4tfigs-synecdoche0heart ... feet
345PRO618ex5v0wicked schemes

evil plans

346PRO619g2tzfigs-idiom0breathes out lies
347PRO619r9n10discord

See how you translated this in Proverbs 6:14.

348PRO619avm1figs-metaphor0one who sows discord
349PRO620e5gmfigs-parallelism0obey the command of your father ... do not forsake the teaching of your mother
350PRO620u11dfigs-litotes0do not forsake the teaching of your mother
351PRO621qz2zfigs-metaphor0bind them on your heart; tie them about your neck

These two phrases mean basically the same thing. They describe the commands and instructions as if they are written down so that you can put it in or on your body to remind yourself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

352PRO621b76k0bind them on your heart
353PRO622r61qfigs-parallelism0When you walk ... when you sleep ... when you wake up

These three phrases are used together to emphasize that the lessons are valuable all the time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

354PRO622hw2rfigs-parallelism0they will guide you ... they will watch over you ... they will teach you

The repetition of these phrases is to show that the lessons are valuable for all sorts of things. It also speaks of those lessons as if they were people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

355PRO623u5p1figs-parallelism0the commands ... the teaching ... the corrections that come by instruction

These three phrases mean basically the same thing, and together they show the various types of lessons a father and a mother teach. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

356PRO623s8lqfigs-metaphor0a lamp ... a light ... the way of life
357PRO623n5j20the way of life
358PRO624p7azfigs-123person0It keeps you from
359PRO624sjp30the immoral woman ... an immoral woman
360PRO624sw140immoral

morally evil

361PRO625ty32figs-metaphor0do not let her capture you with her eyelashes
362PRO625rx3pfigs-metonymy0in your heart
363PRO625m7d2figs-metonymy0her beauty
364PRO625f4km0capture you

gain control over you

365PRO625vnr8figs-synecdoche0her eyelashes
366PRO626p3jv0the price of a loaf of bread
367PRO626k5fu0may cost you your very life

Possible meanings are 1) the wife of another man will destroy your life because she always wants more or 2) the husband of the other woman will hunt you down and kill you.

368PRO627gzh2figs-rquestion0Can a man carry a fire against his chest without burning his clothes?
369PRO627sew80without burning
370PRO627pt18figs-metonymy0his clothes

His clothes stand for him as a whole person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

371PRO628r98zfigs-rquestion0Can a man walk on hot coals without scorching his feet?
372PRO628tw8hfigs-metaphor0walk on hot coals

This stands for committing adultery. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

373PRO628fy6m0walk

That is to slowly walk a long distance, without using tricks or magic.

374PRO628kf2l0scorching

burning

375PRO629gh7kfigs-euphemism0the man who goes in to his neighbor's wife
376PRO630fwq50despise a thief
377PRO631n1t7figs-activepassive0if he is caught
378PRO631b9nsfigs-idiom0in his house
379PRO632s8mh0The one
380PRO633m2lu0what he deserves

the appropriate punishment for what he has done

381PRO633t99kfigs-metonymy0his disgrace
382PRO633c8nhfigs-litotes0will not be wiped away
383PRO634lyk40furious

very angry

384PRO634qsy2figs-litotes0he will show no mercy
385PRO634rc710when he takes his revenge
386PRO634tk3n0takes his revenge

If a person takes revenge, it is to cause hurt to the person who hurt him first.

387PRO635b2ym0compensation

payment by one who does wrong to the person to whom he has done wrong

388PRO635fly2figs-activepassive0he cannot be bought off
389PRO635pc8x0off, though

off. This will be true even if

390PRO7intropk5f0
391PRO71at6wfigs-metaphor0keep my words
392PRO71k635figs-metaphor0store up my commands within yourself
393PRO72a8m4figs-metaphor0keep my instruction
394PRO72xfb2figs-idiom0as the apple of your eye
395PRO73g5jvfigs-metaphor0Tie them on your fingers

Possible meanings are 1) that the writer wanted his son to engrave certain commands from God on a ring and wear it, or 2) that the writer wanted his son to always remember God's commands, as if he always wore a certain ring. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

396PRO73c4yyfigs-metaphor0write them on the tablet of your heart
397PRO74jn44figs-personification0
398PRO74z4x8figs-personification0call understanding your kinsman
399PRO74j17k0kinsman
400PRO75xkl20the adulterous woman
401PRO75y9gh0the immoral woman

This refers to any woman who is not known to a man.

402PRO75s2510with her smooth words
403PRO76v7n10lattice

a covering over a window made of thin strips of wood that cross one another in a slanted pattern that forms square-shaped openings in the pattern

404PRO77ie510naive

inexperienced or immature

405PRO78i1kl0her corner
406PRO78v7v40corner

This refers to where two roads meet.

407PRO79zn5n0twilight

the time of day when it is getting darker and about to become night

408PRO710bu68figs-metaphor0with a false heart
409PRO711vkd80She was loud and wayward

She talked loudly and acted in the ways she wished to

410PRO711es4sfigs-synecdoche0her feet did not stay at home
411PRO712h64ffigs-metaphor0she waited in ambush
412PRO713l1ic0she

the woman who was introduced in Proverbs 7:10

413PRO713sa2m0grabbed him

took hold of him firmly

414PRO713vef7figs-idiom0with a strong face
415PRO714ei2gfigs-metonymy0I paid my vows
416PRO715fys2figs-synecdoche0seek your face
417PRO717g7k40sprinkled my bed with

scattered on my bed

418PRO717ibk70aloes

A type of wood from a tree that smells good.

419PRO717q1mx0cinnamon

This is a spice made from the bark of a tree that smells and tastes good.

420PRO718h91xfigs-metaphor0let us drink our fill of love
421PRO719vc420is not at his house

is not at home

422PRO720zw960full moon

The moon is said to be full when it is a perfectly round disk, shining at its brightest.

423PRO721ptg3figs-metaphor0she turned him
424PRO721ev910her ... she ... him
425PRO721l3ntfigs-metonymy0smooth lips
426PRO721c6k60she misled him
427PRO722rvi9figs-explicit0He went after her suddenly
428PRO722tal5figs-simile0like an ox going to slaughter ... a deer caught in a trap

The naive and unsuspecting way the young man follows the adulteress is compared to the way two animals are unaware of the danger they are in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

429PRO722pk4m0slaughter

This refers to killing an animal in order to eat its meat.

430PRO722qrn60deer

See how you translated this word in Proverbs 5:19.

431PRO723r6zrfigs-simile0like a bird rushing into a snare

The naive and unsuspecting way the young man follows the adulteress is compared to the way an animal is unaware of the danger he is in. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

432PRO723t5u4figs-explicit0until an arrow pierces through its liver
433PRO723i4e60liver

Here this organ represents a very important part of the deer's body.

434PRO723zvp5figs-idiom0it would cost his life
435PRO724wen30Now

This is to focus the attention of the speaker's sons on the conclusion of this lesson.

436PRO725gk8cfigs-metaphor0May your heart not turn aside onto her paths
437PRO725wm1hfigs-synecdoche0your heart
438PRO725l3s9figs-parallelism0do not be led astray onto her paths
439PRO726xx9kfigs-metonymy0She has caused many people to fall down pierced
440PRO727g21s0Her house is on the paths to Sheol ... they go down
441PRO727ry42figs-parallelism0on the paths to Sheol ... down to the dark bedrooms of death

These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are repeated to emphasize that the woman's victims will be destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

442PRO727prr1figs-metaphor0the dark bedrooms of death

This expression pictures the dead as sleeping in many different rooms in Sheol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

443PRO8introz8jj0
444PRO81qsc7figs-personification0General Information:

In chapter 8 wisdom is spoken of as a woman who teaches people how to be wise. Many verses in chapter 8 have parallelisms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

445PRO81v9h5figs-rquestion0Does not Wisdom call out?
446PRO81i9hufigs-personification0Does not Wisdom call out?
447PRO81pt6pfigs-rquestion0Does not Understanding raise her voice?
448PRO81k4ug0raise her voice

speak

449PRO83z73y0the gates at the entrance into the city

In ancient times, cities usually had outer walls with gates in them.

450PRO83nkc9figs-personification0she calls out

This continues to refer to Wisdom, personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

451PRO84gv2w0General Information:

Wisdom speaks to the people in verses 4-36.

452PRO84jxm5figs-metonymy0my voice is for the sons of mankind
453PRO84j5l1figs-metonymy0the sons of mankind
454PRO85er9q0naive

inexperienced or immature

455PRO85t3h2figs-abstractnouns0learn wisdom
456PRO85bg5r0you must get an understanding mind

you must begin to understand things with your mind

457PRO86uv73figs-synecdoche0when my lips open
458PRO86a3zk0upright

proper or just

459PRO87s9bjfigs-synecdoche0my mouth speaks
460PRO87f6mp0what is trustworthy

what people should believe

461PRO87juy2figs-synecdoche0wickedness is disgusting to my lips
462PRO87hz9efigs-abstractnouns0wickedness
463PRO88am3kfigs-synecdoche0the words of my mouth
464PRO88btx5figs-metaphor0nothing twisted
465PRO89nn5r0straight

honest and clear

466PRO89jyh4figs-metonymy0my words are upright for those who find knowledge
467PRO89f1c20upright

true and honest

468PRO810w8ks0Acquire my instruction rather than silver

You should try much harder to understand my instructions than to get silver

469PRO811wl6pfigs-quotations0For Wisdom is better than jewels; no treasure is equal to her
470PRO812mj24figs-personification0I, Wisdom, live with Prudence

Prudence is also represented here as a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

471PRO812b8xj0Prudence

caution or good judgment

472PRO812jk94figs-abstractnouns0I possess knowledge and discretion
473PRO812xcu80discretion

being careful about what we say and do; being cautious not to cause hurt or harm to others

474PRO813rf210perverted speech

wicked talk

475PRO813gp8g0perverted

turned from what is right

476PRO814cnc20good advice

wise suggestions

477PRO814guc90advice

counsel that is given to help someone

478PRO814sne90sound

good, reliable

479PRO814w3jufigs-personification0I am insight
480PRO816hg7e0nobles

noblemen, leading members of important families in the nation

481PRO817xz9h0love

This refers to brotherly love or love for a friend or family member. This is natural human love between friends or relatives.

482PRO817e3jr0diligently

with careful and continued effort

483PRO818k7hf0With me are riches and honor

I have riches and honor

484PRO818a275writing-connectingwords0lasting wealth and righteousness
485PRO818q4810righteousness

the ability to live in a right way

486PRO819eyc20My fruit

what wisdom produces or causes

487PRO819rqy30my produce

the benefit or gain that wisdom causes

488PRO820tks1figs-metaphor0I walk in the path of righteousness
489PRO820rg74figs-metaphor0in the midst of the paths of justice
490PRO821mg4qfigs-metaphor0treasuries

storehouses for valuable things. Wisdom is spoken of as a woman who fills the storehouses of her followers with valuable things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

491PRO822xu3p0the first of his deeds then

I was the first of the things he created then

492PRO823mh2d0In ages long ago

Very long ago

493PRO823v4tq0ages
494PRO823mth7figs-abstractnouns0from the beginnings of the earth
495PRO824ii7efigs-personification0General Information:

Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

496PRO825u2m1figs-activepassive0Before the mountains were settled
497PRO826z5y4figs-personification0I was born

This is wisdom speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

498PRO826asn50was born

I was alive

499PRO827nk15figs-personification0I was there

This is wisdom speaking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

500PRO827z8lx0established
501PRO827b5dbfigs-explicit0when he drew a circle on the surface of the deep
502PRO827ae6e0the deep

the ocean

503PRO828q6zzfigs-personification0General Information:

Wisdom continues to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

504PRO828wnj80established

brought into permanent being

505PRO828z2v2figs-activepassive0when the springs in the deep became fixed
506PRO828zv8f0the springs in the deep

The ancient Hebrews thought that the ocean got its water from springs at the bottom of the sea.

507PRO829pd760when he made his limit for the sea
508PRO829vk7f0when there was set the limit for the foundations of the dry land
509PRO829f3j9figs-activepassive0when there was set the limit for the foundations of the dry land
510PRO830ph2ffigs-personification0I was beside him

This is still wisdom speaking. Wisdom now says she was right next to Yahweh, implying that she was his assistant in creating the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

511PRO830ky7x0skilled craftsman

This is a person who has trained for years to make useful things very well, like furniture or houses.

512PRO830k4ctfigs-abstractnouns0I was his delight
513PRO830a22nfigs-idiom0day after day
514PRO831pw910his whole world
515PRO831wnq9figs-idiom0the sons of mankind
516PRO832ly1a0Now

This is to focus the attention of the children to the conclusion of this lesson.

517PRO832hwt3figs-personification0listen to me

This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

518PRO832m6ibfigs-metaphor0those who keep my ways
519PRO833ky6lfigs-litotes0do not neglect
520PRO834i55jfigs-parallelism0watching every day at my doors, waiting beside the posts of my doors
521PRO835z6lmfigs-personification0finds me

This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

522PRO836hfn9figs-personification0hate me

This is still wisdom talking about herself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

523PRO836yl6tfigs-explicit0he who fails
524PRO836w73kfigs-metonymy0his own life
525PRO9introy75r0
526PRO91m12afigs-personification0General Information:

These verses begin a parable in which wisdom is imagined to be a woman who is giving good advice to people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

527PRO91s64dfigs-personification0Wisdom has built

The writer speaks about wisdom as if it were a woman who has built her own house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

528PRO92x5swfigs-metonymy0She has slaughtered her animals
529PRO92ywr6figs-explicit0mixed her wine
530PRO92h2zm0she has set her table

she has prepared her table

531PRO93p6e2figs-personification0General Information:

These verses begin to give the message of Wisdom, who is personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

532PRO93akl30She has sent out her maids

These maids went out and invited people to come to the feast that Wisdom had prepared.

533PRO93ugn50her maids

Young women or girls who are in the service of a respectable, adult woman, such as Wisdom.

534PRO93n6ha0she calls out
535PRO93x7980the highest points of the city

The invitation is shouted from the highest points so that it will be best heard by all the people.

536PRO94h6sj0Who is naive? Let ... the one lacking good sense
537PRO94dj7m0is naive

is inexperienced or immature

538PRO94s4da0turn aside here

leave his path and come into my house

539PRO95h6ck0General Information:

These verses continue the message of Wisdom.

540PRO95n3eufigs-you0Come ... eat ... drink

All of these commands are plural; Wisdom is addressing many people at the same time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

541PRO95stm9figs-explicit0the wine I have mixed
542PRO96b9mafigs-you0Leave ... live ... walk

All of these commands are plural; Wisdom is addressing many people at the same time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

543PRO96ejw3figs-metaphor0Leave your naive actions
544PRO96f53k0naive actions

inexperienced, immature actions

545PRO96lpn8figs-metaphor0the path of understanding
546PRO97x5sc0General Information:

These verses continue the message of Wisdom.

547PRO97vif7figs-parallelism0Whoever disciplines ... whoever rebukes

These two phrases basically say the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

548PRO97kjm20a mocker
549PRO97m22a0receives abuse

receives harsh treatment

550PRO97g88g0whoever rebukes

whoever corrects

551PRO98fpc40Do not reprove

Do not correct

552PRO99c8r20Give to a wise person, and he ... teach a righteous person, and he
553PRO99y95jfigs-parallelism0Give to a wise person ... teach a righteous person

These two phrases basically say the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

554PRO99n1f2figs-explicit0Give to a wise person

This refers to giving instruction to a wise person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

555PRO910s7rg0General Information:

These verses finish the message of Wisdom.

556PRO910l6yl0The fear of Yahweh

See how you translated this phrase in Proverbs 1:7.

557PRO911uv8ifigs-activepassive0through me your days will be multiplied
558PRO911wpx5figs-personification0through me

Wisdom, personified as a woman, continues to speak here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

559PRO911rk9cfigs-parallelism0your days will be multiplied, and years of life will be added to you

These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are used to emphasize the great benefits wisdom has. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

560PRO911u5qffigs-metaphor0years of life will be added to you
561PRO912z3ez0If you are wise ... and if you mock

These two statements seem to mean that wise people gain advantages for themselves because of their wisdom, and mockers suffer because of their behavior.

562PRO912zei6figs-metaphor0you will carry it

This speaks of the consequence of one's bad behavior as if it were a heavy load that one had to carry on his back. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

563PRO913q38dfigs-personification0General Information:

These verses begin to describe foolishness, which is also personified as a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

564PRO913ix9afigs-personification0The woman of foolishness
565PRO913lbv9figs-parallelism0she is untaught and knows nothing
566PRO913tk380she is untaught
567PRO915cqd1figs-idiom0walking straight on their way
568PRO916ck1n0is naive

is inexperienced or immature

569PRO916rs920turn aside here

leave his path and come here

570PRO916zyq40she says

This is the foolish woman who was introduced in Proverbs 9:13.

571PRO916lfx90those who have no sense
572PRO917jsi6figs-metaphor0Stolen waters are sweet, and bread of secrecy is delicious
573PRO918kg4h0that the dead are there

that the men who have gone to her are now dead

574PRO918k1fh0in the depths of Sheol
575PRO10introfhy50

Proverbs 10 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Chapter 10 starts a new section of the book, which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.

Special concepts in this chapter

Themes

There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, and wicked/righteous. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

576PRO101i2ybfigs-parallelism0General Information:

Many verses in Chapter 10 are contrasting parallelisms (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

577PRO101tab70The proverbs of Solomon

After the introduction of Chapters 1-9, Chapter 10 begins the collection of the proverbs; short sayings that teach wisdom.

578PRO102ffz80accumulated

acquired over time

579PRO103df3mfigs-synecdoche0Yahweh does not let the soul of the righteous person go hungry
580PRO104e3effigs-metonymy0A lazy hand
581PRO104yly7figs-metonymy0hand of the diligent
582PRO106k7j2figs-idiom0are upon the head
583PRO106y4mbfigs-metonymy0mouth of the wicked
584PRO106k4dp0covers up

hides the truth

585PRO107e1w8figs-metonymy0name
586PRO108e7250come to ruin
587PRO109ps6l0crooked

not straight; deformed; dishonest; deceitful

588PRO1010mi1ktranslate-symaction0He who winks the eye
589PRO1010p957figs-metaphor0will be thrown down
590PRO1011f47sfigs-metonymy0The mouth of the righteous
591PRO1011tv58figs-genericnoun0the righteous
592PRO1011h2nyfigs-metaphor0is a water spring of life

This person's speech is spoken of as if it preserved living animals or people, as a water spring would do in a dry land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

593PRO1011bz8gfigs-metaphor0the mouth of the wicked covers up violence

That is, the wicked person appears to say harmless things, but plans to violent things against other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

594PRO1011elp1figs-metonymy0the mouth of the wicked
595PRO1011jt58figs-genericnoun0the wicked
596PRO1012ph1afigs-personification0love covers over

Love acts like a person who quiets trouble between people instead of stirring it up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

597PRO1013n8pkfigs-metonymy0on the lips of a discerning person
598PRO1013ww93figs-metonymy0a rod is for the back
599PRO1014ej72figs-metonymy0the mouth of a fool
600PRO1015fd3sfigs-metaphor0his fortified city
601PRO1016im19figs-metaphor0The wage ... the profit

These terms normally refer to the money a worker earns. Here they represents the results of either doing what is right or doing what is wrong. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

602PRO1017k6n30There is a path to life for the one who follows discipline

The person who obeys wise instruction will have a long and happy life

603PRO1017st2jfigs-activepassive0but the one who rejects correction is led astray
604PRO1018d6bjfigs-metonymy0has lying lips
605PRO1019zc3afigs-litotes0transgression is not lacking
606PRO1020h1pzfigs-metonymy0The tongue of the righteous person
607PRO1020pvj4figs-metaphor0is pure silver
608PRO1021h4rrfigs-metonymy0The lips of the righteous
609PRO1021kp6k0nourish

cause them to develop or grow stronger

610PRO1023l951figs-metaphor0Wickedness is a game a fool plays
611PRO1024xai50overtake

overcome someone

612PRO1025ci43figs-simile0The wicked are like the storm

Just as storm comes and sweeps everything away so wicked people will disappear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

613PRO1025v58hfigs-metaphor0is a foundation that lasts forever
614PRO1026fk5lfigs-simile0Like vinegar on the teeth and smoke in the eyes, so is the sluggard to those who send him
615PRO1026i1xh0vinegar

a sour liquid used to flavor or preserve foods

616PRO1027rv8wfigs-metaphor0the years of the wicked
617PRO1028pds2figs-metaphor0the years of wicked people
618PRO1030ub25figs-litotes0will never be overthrown
619PRO1031f7hyfigs-metonymy0Out of the mouth of the righteous person
620PRO1031amx2figs-metonymy0the perverse tongue will be cut out
621PRO1032y79yfigs-metonymy0lips of the righteous person know what is acceptable
622PRO1032ay8qfigs-metonymy0mouth of the wicked
623PRO11introuk6v0

Proverbs 11 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Chapter 11 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with individual proverbs.

Special concepts in this chapter

Themes

There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

624PRO111hzq7figs-parallelism0General Information:

Many verses in Chapter 11 are contrasting parallelisms (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

625PRO111g3jtfigs-metaphor0Yahweh hates scales that are not accurate
626PRO111pe2q0but he delights in a precise weight
627PRO113rj24figs-nominaladj0the treacherous
628PRO114r538figs-explicit0Wealth is worthless on the day of wrath
629PRO115lc4r0makes his way straight

has clear direction

630PRO115vhe9figs-nominaladj0the wicked
631PRO116v49jfigs-nominaladj0the treacherous
632PRO116b5vy0the treacherous are trapped by their cravings

those who do evil are captured by their passions

633PRO116rhq70treacherous

ready to betray trust; traitorous; deceptive

634PRO117dz8x0the hope that was in his strength

the confidence he has in his own power

635PRO117zn330comes to nothing

disappears

636PRO118z4amfigs-activepassive0The righteous person is kept away from trouble
637PRO118u8730it comes

trouble comes

638PRO119r7vlfigs-metonymy0With his mouth the godless
639PRO1111sim1figs-metonymy0the city becomes great
640PRO1111p4sdfigs-metonymy0by the mouth of the wicked
641PRO1113en2efigs-metaphor0keeps a matter covered
642PRO1114a9wq0advisors

those who give recommendations as a guide to action; counselors

643PRO1115j2ce0one who hates giving

one who refuses to give

644PRO1116bvh90ruthless people

people without pity or compassion; cruel people

645PRO1116h7rd0grasp for wealth

are greedy for wealth

646PRO1117dxp90one who

a person who

647PRO1118imr8figs-metaphor0sows what is right
648PRO1118ln8afigs-metaphor0reaps the wages of truth
649PRO1119ibb60the one who

the person who

650PRO1119un2d0pursues evil
651PRO1120r5ltfigs-metonymy0whose hearts are perverse
652PRO1121gh2afigs-litotes0will not go unpunished
653PRO1122y2mefigs-simile0Like a gold ring ... without discretion

A beautiful woman without discretion is compared to a useless and unsuitable golden ring in a pig's nose. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

654PRO1122fe2p0without discretion
655PRO1124x29nfigs-metaphor0There is one who scatters—he will accumulate even more
656PRO1124v6x4figs-explicit0one who scatters
657PRO1124gmp80will accumulate even more

will gain even more

658PRO1124p1q70withholds what he should give

This refers to a person who thinks that he can become rich by refusing to be generous.

659PRO1125q9vb0will prosper

will gain more

660PRO1125lf1i0the one who
661PRO1126eb690the man who refuses to sell

This describes the person who hoards his wealth instead of helping those in need.

662PRO1126h1qpfigs-metaphor0good gifts crown the head of him who sells it
663PRO1127k6ug0The one who diligently seeks

the one who seeks with careful and continued effort

664PRO1128q218figs-idiom0will fall
665PRO1128p1e2figs-simile0like the leaf, righteous people will flourish
666PRO1128mf6v0righteous people will flourish

This means that righteous people will thrive or prosper.

667PRO1129p1pbfigs-metaphor0inherit the wind
668PRO1130q7ulfigs-simile0The righteous person will be like a tree of life
669PRO1130hlz70tree of life

See how you translated this in Proverbs 3:18.

670PRO1131s8p90how much more

even more so

671PRO12introx2lg0

Proverbs 12 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Chapter 12 continues the section of the book (Chapter 10-22) which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.

Special concepts in this chapter

Themes

There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often using contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility and integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

672PRO121ktr2figs-parallelism0General Information:

The author uses [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] throughout this chapter. Verses 1-15 contrast wisdom and foolishness.

673PRO121r7h60Whoever

Any person who

674PRO121tz7m0the one who hates correction

the person who does not want to be told what to do

675PRO121nj5f0is stupid
676PRO123nly2figs-activepassive0A person cannot be established by wickedness
677PRO123md5pfigs-metaphor0cannot be uprooted
678PRO124wh4lfigs-metaphor0A worthy wife is her husband's crown
679PRO124ced6figs-simile0she who brings shame is like a disease that rots his bones
680PRO126sw3sfigs-metaphor0The words of wicked people are an ambush waiting for a chance to kill
681PRO126n6s70the words of the upright keep them safe

the advice from an upright person keeps people safe

682PRO126au1h0the upright
683PRO127qw8ffigs-activepassive0Wicked people are overthrown
684PRO127t5c3figs-metonymy0house
685PRO128hfu6figs-activepassive0A person is praised by how much wisdom he has
686PRO128hq69figs-activepassive0the one who makes perverse choices is despised
687PRO1210uxx40is cruel

causes suffering

688PRO1211wl9h0worthless projects
689PRO1212b6y10the fruit

This refers to a person's actions and thoughts. Just as fruit on a tree shows what kind of tree it is, in the same way a person's words and actions reveal what his character is like.

690PRO1213ak1yfigs-metonymy0An evil person is trapped by his wicked talk
691PRO1214z5v9figs-metonymy0just as the work of his hands rewards him
692PRO1215lr2lfigs-idiom0in his own eyes
693PRO1215wlp90advice

wise suggestions

694PRO1216n8pr0is prudent
695PRO1218k26nfigs-simile0The words of one who speaks rashly are like the thrusts of a sword
696PRO1218avt2figs-metonymy0the tongue of the wise
697PRO1218mpg60brings healing

comforts and heals

698PRO1219wm6nfigs-metonymy0Truthful lips last forever
699PRO1219r5qlfigs-metonymy0a lying tongue is only for a moment
700PRO1220xs9w0advisors

those who give recommendations as a guide to action; counselors

701PRO1221d4ztfigs-litotes0No ill comes
702PRO1222x3hafigs-metonymy0Yahweh hates lying lips
703PRO1223qi9m0conceals his knowledge

does not tell everything he knows

704PRO1224j53hfigs-metonymy0The hand of the diligent
705PRO1224ymw6figs-metonymy0will be put to forced labor
706PRO1225qts20Anxiety

uneasy feeling of fear or dread, worry

707PRO1225n82ffigs-metaphor0weighs him down
708PRO1225z6n9figs-abstractnouns0but a good word makes him glad
709PRO1227gdt70would not roast their own game
710PRO1227vz9v0precious wealth

valuable treasure

711PRO13intronh7k0

Proverbs 13 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Chapter 13 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.

Special concepts in this chapter

Themes

There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

712PRO131ugs5figs-metonymy0A wise son hears
713PRO131sy9cfigs-metonymy0will not listen to rebuke
714PRO132zu98figs-metonymy0From the fruit of his mouth
715PRO132w8830the appetite

the desire or liking for something

716PRO132mgn1figs-nominaladj0the treacherous
717PRO133xb3dfigs-metonymy0his mouth
718PRO133bd6afigs-metaphor0opens wide his lips
719PRO134c7yc0The appetite ... the appetite

See how you translated this in Proverbs 13:2.

720PRO134z2sk0craves but gets nothing

strongly desires but gets nothing

721PRO134rj8jfigs-activepassive0the appetite of diligent people will be richly satisfied
722PRO134z1wm0diligent people

people who work with careful and continued effort

723PRO135i9t20repugnant

causing a strong feeling of disgust

724PRO136gt48figs-personification0Righteousness protects those
725PRO136iac2figs-metonymy0who are faultless in their path
726PRO136r21hfigs-personification0wickedness turns away those who commit sin
727PRO137z16h0who enriches himself

who makes himself rich

728PRO138mre80does not hear a threat
729PRO139ev8kfigs-metaphor0The light of righteous people rejoices
730PRO139ibt9figs-metaphor0the lamp of wicked people will be put out
731PRO1310c8hy0Pride only breeds conflict

Pride always causes conflict

732PRO1310n32q0listen to
733PRO1310ujq30good advice

suggestions that are helpful and profitable

734PRO1311u1q40Wealth dwindles away
735PRO1311i2l4figs-metonymy0working with his hand
736PRO1311j3nnfigs-metaphor0make his money grow
737PRO1312v8h6figs-metonymy0When hope is postponed
738PRO1312gfi6figs-idiom0it breaks the heart
739PRO1312k7pffigs-metaphor0a longing fulfilled is a tree of life
740PRO1312isa30tree of life
741PRO1313a5vyfigs-activepassive0he who respects the commandment will be rewarded
742PRO1314uhi9figs-metaphor0fountain of life
743PRO1314h871figs-metaphor0snares of death
744PRO1315r4vifigs-metaphor0but the way of the treacherous is never-ending
745PRO1315up13figs-nominaladj0the treacherous
746PRO1316g6vsfigs-metaphor0a fool parades his folly
747PRO1317h4gr0falls into trouble
748PRO1317pfh60a faithful envoy
749PRO1318m4d7figs-abstractnouns0learns from correction
750PRO1319h11i0is sweet
751PRO1319fv8k0the appetite

the desire or liking for something

752PRO1320k77z0will suffer harm
753PRO1321ddh8figs-personification0Disaster runs after sinners
754PRO1321ecr7figs-activepassive0righteous people are rewarded with good
755PRO1322amv10his grandchildren
756PRO1322fi9cfigs-activepassive0a sinner's wealth is stored up for the righteous person
757PRO1323z3px0An unplowed field
758PRO1323h46lfigs-metaphor0but it is swept away by injustice
759PRO1324jp8a0is careful to instruct him

makes sure to instruct him

760PRO1325a5930he satisfies his appetite
761PRO1325azl9figs-metonymy0the stomach of the wicked is always hungry
762PRO14introgbj20

Proverbs 14 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Chapter 14 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.

Special concepts in this chapter

Themes

There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

763PRO141r3rp0builds her house
764PRO141tv3l0house

Possible meanings are 1) this may refer to her actual house, that is the building she lives in or 2) this may refer to her family.

765PRO141l2y8figs-synecdoche0with her own hands
766PRO142qgn40The one who ... the one who

The person who ... the person who

767PRO142qnc4figs-metaphor0walks uprightly
768PRO142we9s0despises him
769PRO142c17i0in his ways despises him
770PRO143a16nfigs-metonymy0the mouth of ... the lips of

The mouth and the lips both refer to what a person says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

771PRO143ixb4figs-metonymy0a rod for his back
772PRO143c2ir0the wise
773PRO143gru70will preserve them
774PRO144w12s0the feeding trough
775PRO144e3k80an abundant crop

a good harvest

776PRO144diy9figs-metonymy0by the strength of an ox
777PRO145j6d2figs-idiom0breathes out lies
778PRO146wm350and there is none
779PRO146ek6h0comes easy to
780PRO146xv2j0the one who is discerning
781PRO147ud4wfigs-metonymy0on his lips
782PRO148e2qn0the prudent

a person who has good judgment or sense

783PRO148vp9qfigs-metonymy0his own way
784PRO148vug20the folly of fools is deception

The foolishness of fools is that they think they are wise, when they are not.

785PRO149m1s10when the guilt offering is sacrificed
786PRO149t24pfigs-activepassive0but among the upright favor is shared
787PRO1410xxe90its own bitterness
788PRO1410y94d0no stranger

those who do not know him

789PRO1411c5ypfigs-metonymy0the tent
790PRO1411d165figs-metaphor0flourish
791PRO1412y8gwfigs-metaphor0There is a way that seems right to a man
792PRO1413n7lpfigs-metaphor0A heart can laugh
793PRO1413j3ih0be in pain
794PRO1414a8j90The one who

The person who

795PRO1414c5infigs-metaphor0what his ways deserve
796PRO1414qe8k0what is his
797PRO1415i5580naive

inexperienced or immature

798PRO1415h73mfigs-metaphor0his steps
799PRO1416z79vfigs-metaphor0turns away from evil
800PRO1416dy6s0confidently dismisses

boldly ignores

801PRO1417yez80is quick to become angry

becomes angry quickly

802PRO1418j5kv0naive

inexperienced or immature

803PRO1418c2qlfigs-metonymy0inherit foolishness
804PRO1418aj350foolishness
805PRO1418rq9a0prudent people

wise people

806PRO1418spn1figs-metaphor0are crowned with knowledge
807PRO1419b4i8translate-symaction0bow down

This means to bend over to humbly express respect and submission toward someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

808PRO1419e892figs-metonymy0at the gates of the righteous
809PRO1420h5nsfigs-activepassive0The poor person is hated even by his own companions
810PRO1421fy3m0The one ... the one

The person ... the person

811PRO1421d4gp0the poor

poor people

812PRO1422m1cwfigs-rquestion0Do not those who plot evil go astray?
813PRO1422ie8f0who plot evil
814PRO1422mmn3figs-abstractnouns0those who plan to do good will receive covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness
815PRO1423k11f0but when there is only talk
816PRO1424dc97figs-metaphor0The crown of wise people
817PRO1424u3bw0the folly of fools

See how you translated this phrase in Proverbs 14:8.

818PRO1425wkc7figs-idiom0breathes out lies
819PRO1427c8u2figs-metaphor0fountain of life
820PRO1427r5t6figs-metaphor0from the snares of death
821PRO1428vxf70the great number of his people

how many people he rules

822PRO1428yp940the prince is ruined

the prince has nothing and his kingdom will fall

823PRO1429n61r0the quick-tempered

a person who is quick to become angry

824PRO1430lqn30A tranquil heart
825PRO1430l819figs-metaphor0rots the bones
826PRO1431k67r0The one who ... the one who

The person who ... the person who

827PRO1431b6nz0curses

This means to express a desire that bad things will happen to someone.

828PRO1431xhv20the poor ... the needy

a poor person ... a needy person

829PRO1431k2td0shows favor to
830PRO1432t8grfigs-activepassive0is brought down by his evil actions
831PRO1433axk6figs-metaphor0Wisdom rests in the heart
832PRO1433t41l0the discerning

a discerning person

833PRO1433r61lfigs-activepassive0she lets herself be known
834PRO1433xi3xfigs-personification0she
835PRO1434dl6h0is a disgrace
836PRO1435qjf70who acts prudently
837PRO1435vi560the one who

the servant who

838PRO15introl8720

Proverbs 15 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Chapter 15 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.

Special concepts in this chapter

Themes

There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

839PRO151x2lhfigs-metaphor0A gentle answer turns away wrath
840PRO151hu6mfigs-metaphor0but a harsh word stirs up anger
841PRO152w6icfigs-synecdoche0The tongue of wise people compliments knowledge
842PRO152sjz80compliments knowledge
843PRO152ncr7figs-metaphor0the mouth of fools pours out folly
844PRO153w8rcfigs-synecdoche0The eyes of Yahweh are everywhere
845PRO153bw6ffigs-nominaladj0the evil and the good
846PRO154wt85figs-metonymy0A healing tongue is a tree of life
847PRO154eg2wfigs-metonymy0a deceitful tongue crushes the spirit
848PRO155kix4figs-abstractnouns0he who learns from correction
849PRO155x86t0is prudent

is wise

850PRO156h7yyfigs-abstractnouns0the earnings of the wicked person give
851PRO157tk6tfigs-metaphor0The lips of wise people scatter knowledge about
852PRO157wet2figs-synecdoche0not so the hearts of fools
853PRO158a5ry0upright people

people who live rightly

854PRO158fci90is his delight

pleases him

855PRO159ui9ifigs-metaphor0Yahweh hates the way of wicked people
856PRO159pj1lfigs-metaphor0the one who pursues what is right
857PRO1510j3mwfigs-metaphor0anyone who forsakes the way
858PRO1510jus3figs-abstractnouns0he who hates correction
859PRO1511n1e2figs-doublet0Sheol and destruction are open before Yahweh
860PRO1511b6iffigs-rquestion0how much more the hearts of the sons of mankind?
861PRO1511r3gzfigs-metonymy0the hearts of the sons of mankind
862PRO1512dl8gfigs-abstractnouns0The mocker resents correction
863PRO1512f5d9figs-explicit0he will not go to the wise
864PRO1513b4lvfigs-synecdoche0A joyful heart makes the face cheerful
865PRO1513dm7afigs-metaphor0crushes the spirit
866PRO1514d9uhfigs-metonymy0The heart of the discerning
867PRO1514k3ctfigs-synecdoche0the mouth of fools feeds on folly
868PRO1515r1yn0All the days of oppressed people are miserable

Oppressed people are miserable all of their days

869PRO1515en6xfigs-synecdoche0a cheerful heart has an unending feast
870PRO1515m9lg0an unending feast

a feast that never ends

871PRO1516iix30with confusion

with anxiety

872PRO1517via5figs-metonymy0a meal with vegetables
873PRO1517ux23figs-abstractnouns0where there is love
874PRO1517m9u4figs-activepassive0a fatted calf served with hatred
875PRO1517x4f2figs-metonymy0a fatted calf
876PRO1517vw92figs-abstractnouns0with hatred
877PRO1518p4jifigs-metaphor0stirs up arguments
878PRO1519awv2figs-metaphor0The path of the sluggard ... the path of the upright
879PRO1519gy92figs-simile0The path of the sluggard is like a place with a hedge of thorns
880PRO1519zqz8figs-metaphor0the path of the upright is a built-up highway

The writer speaks of the blessings that upright people experience in life as if they were walking on a smooth road. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

881PRO1519c95z0built-up highway

This is a road that is wide, flat, and without obstacles or potholes.

882PRO1521itu5figs-metaphor0the one who has understanding walks a straight path
883PRO1522p1yb0Plans go wrong

Plans fail

884PRO1522et1u0where there is no advice

when there is no one to give advice

885PRO1522re1s0advisors

people who give recommendations as a guide to action

886PRO1522q31z0they succeed

plans succeed

887PRO1523wg810a pertinent reply
888PRO1523jnm2figs-exclamations0how good is a timely word
889PRO1524b9kbfigs-metaphor0The path of life leads upward ... from Sheol beneath

The writer speaks of a lifestyle that results in life as if it were a path that goes upward towards life and of a lifestyle that results in death as if it were a path that leads down to the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

890PRO1525h2dgfigs-synecdoche0house

This is a synecdoche for the person's household, property, and wealth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

891PRO1526h9s40the words of kindness are pure
892PRO1528avu5figs-metonymy0The heart of the righteous person ponders before it answers
893PRO1528zzd4figs-metaphor0the mouth of wicked people pours out all its evil
894PRO1528zr4l0the mouth of wicked people pours out all its evil
895PRO1529nq5qfigs-metaphor0Yahweh is far away from wicked people
896PRO1530msq2figs-metaphor0The light of the eyes
897PRO1530d2bgfigs-synecdoche0brings joy to the heart
898PRO1530hhj8figs-synecdoche0good news is health to the body
899PRO1531vet30you will remain among wise people

Possible meanings are 1) people will continue to consider you to be a wise person or 2) you will continue to enjoy the company of wise people.

900PRO1532l9cdfigs-abstractnouns0listens to correction
901PRO1533nhk9figs-abstractnouns0The fear of Yahweh teaches wisdom
902PRO1533t56g0The fear of Yahweh

See how you translated this phrase in Proverbs 1:7.

903PRO1533w2h20humility comes before honor

This means that a person must first learn humility before Yahweh will honor him.

904PRO16intromu2u0

Proverbs 16 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Chapter 16 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.

Special concepts in this chapter

King and royalty

Some of these proverbs mention a king. As in other cases, this is intended to apply to all rulers.

Themes

There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

905PRO161bqu9figs-metonymy0The plans of the heart belong to a person
906PRO161hf8afigs-metaphor0from Yahweh comes the answer from his tongue

Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh speaks his answer to a person's plans, which is a metaphor meaning that Yahweh determines the outcome of that person's plans or 2) Yahweh enables a person to speak words about the plans that he has made. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

907PRO161j1hufigs-synecdoche0the answer from his tongue
908PRO162m6lifigs-metaphor0All of a person's ways are pure in his own eyes
909PRO162ky4tfigs-metonymy0Yahweh weighs the spirits
910PRO164ccq1figs-ellipsis0even the wicked for the day of trouble
911PRO165lkb8figs-synecdoche0everyone who has an arrogant heart
912PRO165cq2gfigs-litotes0they will not go unpunished
913PRO166t6t9figs-abstractnouns0By covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness iniquity is atoned for
914PRO166sn15figs-metaphor0people turn away from evil
915PRO167i6tc0he makes

Yahweh makes

916PRO168u9920a large income

earning a lot of money

917PRO168a4dx0with injustice

with wrongdoing

918PRO169wyx2figs-metonymy0In his heart a person plans out his way
919PRO169y8rtfigs-metaphor0Yahweh directs his steps

The writer speaks of Yahweh determining the outcome of a person's plans as if Yahweh were telling that person where to walk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

920PRO1610ak2qfigs-metonymy0Insightful decisions are on the lips of a king
921PRO1610ul24figs-synecdoche0his mouth should not betray justice
922PRO1611hb1ifigs-explicit0Honest scales come from Yahweh

Yahweh requires justice and fairness when doing business. Dishonest people used heavier or lighter weights in their scales in order to gain more when buying or selling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

923PRO1611c4kd0all the weights in the bag are his work

Merchants carried their weights in bags. Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh has determined how much every weight must weigh or 2) Yahweh is concerned with every weight that a merchant uses.

924PRO1612tie4figs-activepassive0that is something to be despised
925PRO1612yr8jfigs-metonymy0for a throne is established by doing what is right
926PRO1613sfa1figs-synecdoche0lips that say what is right
927PRO1614lfm4figs-metaphor0A king's wrath is a messenger of death
928PRO1615av7j0General Information:

Verse 15 contrasts with verse 14.

929PRO1615f1prfigs-metaphor0In the light of a king's face is life
930PRO1615a5n5figs-simile0his favor is like a cloud that brings a spring rain

The writer compares the king showing favor towards someone with a cloud that brings rain to make crops grow. Both promise blessing to those who receive them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

931PRO1616rgj4figs-exclamations0How much better it is to get wisdom than gold
932PRO1616bn5cfigs-activepassive0To get understanding should be chosen more than silver
933PRO1617ffx6figs-metaphor0The highway of upright people
934PRO1617a2qnfigs-metaphor0turns away from evil
935PRO1618qp3lfigs-metonymy0a haughty spirit
936PRO1618yz530a downfall
937PRO1619s4fk0spoil

goods taken in battle

938PRO1620zg3ifigs-activepassive0what they are taught
939PRO1621lrv9figs-activepassive0The one who is wise in heart is called discerning
940PRO1621hq6mfigs-metonymy0The one who is wise in heart
941PRO1621w5lyfigs-metaphor0sweetness of speech
942PRO1622y5uxfigs-metaphor0Understanding is a fountain of life
943PRO1623rbc8figs-metonymy0The heart of a wise person gives
944PRO1623qa4qfigs-metonymy0gives insight to his mouth
945PRO1623i4qnfigs-metonymy0to his lips
946PRO1624r6effigs-metonymy0sweet to the soul
947PRO1624ye3nfigs-synecdoche0healing to the bones
948PRO1625v8l9figs-metonymy0There is a way that seems right to a man
949PRO1625es6x0but its end is the way to death
950PRO1626fc7pfigs-personification0The laborer's appetite works for him
951PRO1626gb4lfigs-personification0his hunger urges him on
952PRO1627r16qfigs-metaphor0A worthless person digs up mischief
953PRO1627sga20worthless
954PRO1627q5zk0mischief

trouble

955PRO1627xs7mfigs-simile0his speech is like a scorching fire
956PRO1628x2b50a gossip

a person who gossips or spreads rumors

957PRO1629mk94figs-explicit0A man of violence lies to his neighbor
958PRO1629i6a50A man of violence
959PRO1629f3ddfigs-metaphor0leads him down a path that is not good
960PRO1629m8qsfigs-explicit0a path that is not good
961PRO1630p1tu0The one who winks the eye ... those who purse the lips
962PRO1630wy6w0will bring evil to pass

will do evil things

963PRO1631aj89figs-metaphor0Gray hair is a crown of glory
964PRO1631y1amfigs-activepassive0it is gained
965PRO1632x3rgfigs-metaphor0one who rules his spirit
966PRO1633ei8cfigs-activepassive0The lots are cast into the lap
967PRO1633js5x0the decision is from Yahweh

Possible meanings are 1) Yahweh decides how the lots will land or 2) it is not the lots, but Yahweh who determines what will happen.

968PRO17introbr3v0

Proverbs 17 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Chapter 17 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.

Special concepts in this chapter

Themes

There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

969PRO171ecu4figs-metonymy0to have quiet
970PRO171p2y8figs-ellipsis0than a house full of feasting with strife
971PRO173fh66figs-explicit0The crucible is for silver and the furnace is for gold
972PRO173fi3n0crucible

a pot in which metals are melted at a very high temperature

973PRO173aq7ifigs-metaphor0Yahweh refines hearts
974PRO174bar9figs-synecdoche0wicked lips
975PRO174cj9sfigs-idiom0gives ear
976PRO174ef8ifigs-synecdoche0destructive tongue
977PRO175a5uefigs-nominaladj0the poor
978PRO175gs4ifigs-abstractnouns0his Maker
979PRO175dj8bfigs-explicit0at misfortune
980PRO176y71ifigs-metaphor0are the crown of
981PRO176v99ufigs-nominaladj0the aged
982PRO177i2ze0Eloquent speech
983PRO177clc1figs-synecdoche0much less are lying lips suitable for royalty
984PRO178mi9yfigs-simile0A bribe is like a magic stone to the one who gives it
985PRO178iq11figs-idiom0wherever he turns
986PRO179nk6k0an offense

an action or word that has hurt him

987PRO179r2e2figs-explicit0who repeats a matter
988PRO179s8p60alienates close friends
989PRO1710dra2figs-metaphor0A rebuke goes deeper into a person ... than a hundred blows go into a fool
990PRO1710fs5vfigs-abstractnouns0a person who has understanding
991PRO1710hy6y0a hundred blows go

a beating of a hundred blows goes

992PRO1711rz73figs-abstractnouns0seeks rebellion
993PRO1711zqf6figs-activepassive0a cruel messenger will be sent against him
994PRO1711suj6figs-idiom0will be sent against him
995PRO1712fk5mfigs-activepassive0a bear robbed of her cubs
996PRO1712j1lyfigs-abstractnouns0in his foolishness
997PRO1713p537figs-personification0evil will never leave his house
998PRO1714e1bwfigs-simile0The beginning of conflict is like one who releases water everywhere
999PRO1714al2h0has broken out
1000PRO1715z95a0acquits

justifies, declares someone not guilty

1001PRO1716kk5nfigs-rquestion0Why should a fool pay money to learn about wisdom, when he has no ability to learn it?
1002PRO1717az6zfigs-explicit0a brother is born for times of trouble
1003PRO1718f3yd0no sense

no good judgement

1004PRO1718r6wn0binding promises

This refers to promises that must be kept and are often a burden on the person who made them.

1005PRO1719bpz3figs-explicit0causes bones to be broken
1006PRO1720a3mifigs-metonymy0who has a crooked heart
1007PRO1720s659figs-metonymy0has a perverse tongue
1008PRO1720qjp9figs-idiom0falls into calamity
1009PRO1722b1n1figs-metaphor0A cheerful heart is good medicine
1010PRO1722ga2pfigs-metonymy0A cheerful heart
1011PRO1722u1vhfigs-metonymy0a broken spirit
1012PRO1722gei3figs-metonymy0dries up the bones
1013PRO1723r7p60to pervert the ways of justice
1014PRO1724ba2efigs-metaphor0sets his face toward wisdom
1015PRO1724r7wwfigs-synecdoche0the eyes of a fool are
1016PRO1724qef2figs-metaphor0the ends of the earth
1017PRO1725cn740A foolish son is a grief to his father
1018PRO1725mw1t0A foolish son ... and bitterness to the woman
1019PRO1725t9yj0who bore him

who gave birth to him

1020PRO1725lm5j0bitterness

emotional pain, sorrow

1021PRO1726lw6wfigs-litotes0it is never good ... neither is it good
1022PRO1726wfd10the righteous person
1023PRO1726s7mg0flog

whip severely

1024PRO1726dj91figs-abstractnouns0who have integrity
1025PRO1727je2bfigs-explicit0uses few words
1026PRO1728b5ayfigs-activepassive0Even a fool is thought to be wise
1027PRO1728i81afigs-idiom0keeps his mouth shut
1028PRO1728q1jmfigs-activepassive0he is considered to be intelligent
1029PRO18introk5qz0

Proverbs 18 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Chapter 18 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.

Special concepts in this chapter

Themes

There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

1030PRO181n34r0isolates himself

keeps away from other people

1031PRO181vun3figs-personification0quarrels with all sound judgment
1032PRO181r3yq0sound judgment
1033PRO182u731figs-litotes0A fool finds no pleasure in understanding, but only
1034PRO182ey4yfigs-explicit0but only in revealing what is in his own heart
1035PRO182yp8rfigs-metonymy0what is in his own heart
1036PRO183fw1yfigs-personification0contempt comes with him—along with shame and reproach
1037PRO183ps5efigs-doublet0shame and reproach
1038PRO184izv2figs-parallelism0The words of a man's mouth are deep waters; ... the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream
1039PRO184nv82figs-metaphor0The words of a man's mouth are deep waters
1040PRO184mk4jfigs-synecdoche0a man's mouth
1041PRO184mn87figs-metaphor0the fountain of wisdom is a flowing stream
1042PRO185fi7dfigs-litotes0It is not good to ... to the righteous person
1043PRO186p2qvfigs-synecdoche0A fool's lips bring
1044PRO186w2xd0bring

cause

1045PRO186zxu7figs-metaphor0his mouth invites a beating
1046PRO186z4iifigs-metonymy0his mouth
1047PRO187iwj7figs-metonymy0A fool's mouth ... with his lips
1048PRO187v6hu0is his ruin

will ruin him

1049PRO187e4r4figs-metaphor0he ensnares himself
1050PRO188iu3yfigs-simile0The words of a gossip are like delicious morsels
1051PRO188vd95figs-possession0The words of a gossip
1052PRO188lms40morsels

small bites of food

1053PRO188mr15figs-metaphor0they go down into the inner parts of the body
1054PRO189uih2figs-metaphor0one who is slack in his work is a brother to the one who destroys
1055PRO189i66j0is slack
1056PRO189mch50the one who destroys the most
1057PRO1810ktq8figs-metaphor0The name of Yahweh is a strong tower
1058PRO1810f4nmfigs-metonymy0The name of Yahweh
1059PRO1810dtz5figs-nominaladj0the righteous
1060PRO1810gkx2figs-metaphor0runs into it and is safe
1061PRO1811vhu8figs-metaphor0The wealth of the rich is his fortified city
1062PRO1811bgq7figs-nominaladj0the rich
1063PRO1811tz4b0fortified city

a city with strong defenses like walls and towers

1064PRO1811kei5figs-simile0in his imagination it is like a high wall
1065PRO1812r28e0Before his downfall a person's heart is proud

First a person's heart is proud, but then comes his downfall

1066PRO1812uet10downfall

This refers to a significant decline in a person's reputation or health.

1067PRO1812t2l5figs-synecdoche0a person's heart
1068PRO1812dy4xfigs-abstractnouns0humility comes before honor
1069PRO1813cj6qfigs-abstractnouns0it is his folly and shame
1070PRO1814jnm1figs-synecdoche0A person's spirit will survive sickness
1071PRO1814v3f4figs-rquestion0but a broken spirit who can bear it?
1072PRO1814b1vbfigs-idiom0a broken spirit
1073PRO1815e4fmfigs-synecdoche0The heart of the intelligent acquires
1074PRO1815p7l8figs-nominaladj0the intelligent
1075PRO1815ptl80acquires
1076PRO1815xwh7figs-metonymy0the hearing of the wise seeks it out
1077PRO1815a1bafigs-nominaladj0the wise
1078PRO1815enq30seeks it out
1079PRO1816zkj3figs-idiom0may open the way
1080PRO1816wr8ffigs-idiom0bring him before
1081PRO1817ct71translate-ordinal0The first to plead his case
1082PRO1818qs890Casting the lot

Casting lots

1083PRO1818n3hkfigs-explicit0separates strong opponents
1084PRO1819dcj5figs-metaphor0An offended brother is harder to be won than a strong city
1085PRO1819zq5yfigs-simile0quarreling is like the bars of a castle
1086PRO1819ef130castle

a fortified palace

1087PRO1820qaf4figs-parallelism0From the fruit of his mouth one's stomach is filled; with the harvest of his lips he is satisfied
1088PRO1820h4trfigs-metaphor0the fruit of his mouth
1089PRO1820p1z6figs-metaphor0one's stomach is filled
1090PRO1820r4eefigs-metonymy0the harvest of his lips
1091PRO1820x66t0he is satisfied

he is pleased

1092PRO1821flt4figs-activepassive0Death and life are controlled by the tongue
1093PRO1821n65ffigs-metonymy0by the tongue ... love the tongue
1094PRO1821l141figs-metaphor0will eat its fruit
1095PRO1824wg3nfigs-activepassive0many friends is brought to ruin by them
1096PRO1824zc7f0comes closer than
1097PRO19intronbz80

Proverbs 19 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Chapter 19 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.

Special concepts in this chapter

Themes

There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

1098PRO191ev8n0Better is a poor person

It is better to be a poor person

1099PRO191bpi4figs-idiom0who walks in his integrity
1100PRO191wj4ifigs-abstractnouns0is perverse in speech
1101PRO192u1ujfigs-explicit0to have desire without knowledge
1102PRO192f2pufigs-metaphor0the one who runs too fast misses the path
1103PRO193ivv9figs-synecdoche0his heart rages
1104PRO194q8uvfigs-explicit0Wealth adds many friends
1105PRO194v5qyfigs-explicit0a poor person is separated from his friends
1106PRO195l99efigs-doublenegatives0A false witness will not go unpunished
1107PRO195i2wsfigs-litotes0he who breathes out lies will not escape
1108PRO195q13jfigs-idiom0breathes out lies
1109PRO196gms60a generous person

someone who often gives away things

1110PRO196q978figs-hyperbole0everyone is a friend
1111PRO197vs3ifigs-explicit0how much more do his friends who go far away from him!
1112PRO198ll4qfigs-metonymy0loves his own life
1113PRO198v9e90keeps understanding

has understanding

1114PRO199phm9figs-doublenegatives0A false witness will not go unpunished
1115PRO199a1nmfigs-idiom0breathes out lies
1116PRO1910f4zn0It is not fitting

It is not right

1117PRO1910pq5qfigs-ellipsis0much less for a slave
1118PRO1911ah270Discretion makes a person slow to anger

A person who has discretion is slow to become angry

1119PRO1911j1li0Discretion

This means to know what should be done in a particular situation. See how you translated this word in Proverbs 1:4.

1120PRO1911p96c0it is his glory to overlook
1121PRO1911gc210to overlook

to forget on purpose

1122PRO1912vbv5figs-simile0The wrath of the king is like the roaring of a young lion
1123PRO1912m29gfigs-simile0but his favor is like dew on the grass
1124PRO1913v3250is ruin to his father

will ruin a father

1125PRO1913s1nwfigs-metaphor0a quarreling wife is a constant dripping of water
1126PRO1913l7wk0a quarreling wife
1127PRO1914t54qfigs-activepassive0A house and wealth are inherited from parents
1128PRO1914csr40prudent

See how you translated this word in Proverbs 12:23.

1129PRO1914jw8qfigs-activepassive0a prudent wife is from Yahweh
1130PRO1915ye6vfigs-personification0Laziness throws a person into a deep sleep
1131PRO1915jcb5figs-idiom0go hungry
1132PRO1916xr2k0the command

the command that he was taught

1133PRO1916v2yl0guards his life

protects his life

1134PRO1916ik59figs-idiom0his ways
1135PRO1917zw6rfigs-metaphor0Whoever is kind to the poor lends to Yahweh
1136PRO1917qx9dfigs-nominaladj0the poor
1137PRO1918nw29figs-explicit0while there is hope
1138PRO1918md5cfigs-explicit0and do not set your desire on putting him to death
1139PRO1918hky1figs-idiom0set your desire on putting him
1140PRO1919n85tfigs-idiom0A hot-tempered person
1141PRO1919f2vsfigs-idiom0must pay the penalty
1142PRO1919s1dafigs-explicit0if you rescue him
1143PRO1919dnq3translate-ordinal0a second time
1144PRO1920gby8figs-parallelism0Listen to advice and accept instruction

These two phrases mean basically the same and are repeated to emphasize how important it is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1145PRO1920egn7figs-idiom0Listen to advice
1146PRO1921c7qgfigs-metonymy0in a person's heart
1147PRO1921f82d0the purpose of Yahweh
1148PRO1921q568figs-idiom0that will stand
1149PRO1923x7qyfigs-explicit0Honor for Yahweh leads people to life; anyone who has it will be satisfied
1150PRO1923h31x0anyone who has it
1151PRO1923gyg5figs-activepassive0satisfied and not afflicted by harm
1152PRO1924wf2e0sluggard

See how you translated this word in Proverbs 10:26.

1153PRO1924r5yj0buries his hand in the dish
1154PRO1924r3tsfigs-explicit0he will not even bring it back up to his mouth
1155PRO1925svj30Strike a mocker, and the naive person

If you strike a mocker, the naive person

1156PRO1925k69j0Strike a mocker

Punish a mocker

1157PRO1925zh2b0naive person
1158PRO1925v49d0prudent

See how you translated this word in Proverbs 12:23.

1159PRO1925m3910discipline one who is discerning, and

if you discipline one who is discerning,

1160PRO1925wwq5figs-abstractnouns0he will gain knowledge
1161PRO1926g233figs-explicit0brings shame and reproach
1162PRO1927n4avfigs-metonymy0If you cease to hear instruction
1163PRO1927s24z0you will stray from
1164PRO1927y3ln0the words of knowledge

knowledge

1165PRO1928d2w1figs-metaphor0the mouth of the wicked swallows iniquity
1166PRO1928aq9ffigs-synecdoche0the mouth of the wicked swallows
1167PRO1928g9y4figs-nominaladj0the wicked
1168PRO1929d4f3figs-abstractnouns0Condemnation is ready for mockers and flogging for
1169PRO1929ray2figs-ellipsis0flogging for the backs of fools
1170PRO1929r21d0flogging

beating with a whip or stick

1171PRO20introe8g20

Proverbs 20 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Chapter 20 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.

Special concepts in this chapter

Themes

There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

1172PRO201p893figs-parallelism0Wine is a mocker and strong drink is a brawler

These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are combined to emphasize the danger of too much alcohol. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1173PRO201v7zxfigs-metonymy0Wine is a mocker
1174PRO201qa7mfigs-metonymy0strong drink is a brawler
1175PRO201c6m70a brawler

a person who fights noisily, usually in a public place

1176PRO201ne6hfigs-activepassive0whoever is led astray by drink is not wise
1177PRO201g7rv0by drink
1178PRO201k4svfigs-litotes0is not wise
1179PRO202p628figs-simile0The fear of a king is like the fear of a young lion that is roaring
1180PRO202xa6x0makes him angry

makes the king angry

1181PRO202rl5yfigs-euphemism0forfeits his life
1182PRO203ru7h0It is an honor
1183PRO203gf5bfigs-metaphor0every fool jumps into an argument
1184PRO204cva30plow

to prepare land for planting

1185PRO204tdr60in autumn

during the season for planting crops

1186PRO204z5wifigs-explicit0but will have nothing
1187PRO205f8defigs-simile0The purpose in a human heart is like deep water
1188PRO205qr3j0someone with understanding

a person who has understanding

1189PRO205fk7wfigs-metaphor0will draw it out
1190PRO206lmq90is loyal
1191PRO206xut9figs-rquestion0but who can find one who is faithful?
1192PRO207s7thfigs-idiom0walks in his integrity
1193PRO207y2edfigs-explicit0his sons who follow after him
1194PRO208j9upfigs-metaphor0is winnowing with his eyes all the evil that is before him
1195PRO209p5m8figs-rquestion0
1196PRO209s43mfigs-metonymy0my heart
1197PRO209d5hxfigs-metaphor0clean

A person who God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if the person where physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1198PRO209xb5x0I am clean from my sin
1199PRO2011yym3figs-activepassive0Even a youth is known by his actions
1200PRO2011m4db0whether his conduct is pure and upright

whether his conduct is pure and upright or not

1201PRO2011xm830his conduct
1202PRO2011we5bfigs-doublet0pure and upright
1203PRO2013h9etfigs-idiom0come to poverty
1204PRO2013ee3xfigs-metonymy0open your eyes
1205PRO2014zh4lfigs-explicit0
1206PRO2015cv2kfigs-metaphor0lips of knowledge are a precious jewel
1207PRO2015tt4dfigs-metonymy0lips of knowledge
1208PRO2016sn35figs-explicit0Take a garment of one who has put up security for a stranger
1209PRO2016cv1mfigs-idiom0puts up security
1210PRO2016e647figs-idiom0hold it in pledge
1211PRO2017zi4rfigs-activepassive0Bread gained by deceit
1212PRO2017gjt2figs-abstractnouns0by deceit
1213PRO2017lnt5figs-metonymy0Bread
1214PRO2017fz1i0tastes sweet

tastes good

1215PRO2017tu5afigs-metaphor0but afterward his mouth will be full of gravel
1216PRO2017du9w0gravel

small pieces of rock

1217PRO2018mjl4figs-activepassive0Plans are established by advice
1218PRO2019i4ch0A gossip

This means someone who gossips a lot.

1219PRO2019i2mb0you should not associate with

you should not be friends with

1220PRO2020v9ff0If a person curses

This means if a someone express a desire that bad things will happen to someone else.

1221PRO2020el23figs-metaphor0his lamp will be snuffed out in the middle of darkness
1222PRO2020e6a4figs-activepassive0his lamp will be snuffed out
1223PRO2020un31figs-synecdoche0his lamp
1224PRO2020a13a0snuffed out

to cause a flame to go out

1225PRO2021mk5bfigs-explicit0at the beginning
1226PRO2022pj94figs-idiom0I will pay you back
1227PRO2022ti5gfigs-idiom0Wait for Yahweh
1228PRO2023x2rcfigs-parallelism0Yahweh hates unequal weights and dishonest scales are not good

These two phrases basically mean the same thing and are combined to emphasize how bad this is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1229PRO2024re6nfigs-activepassive0A person's steps are directed by Yahweh
1230PRO2024i9ejfigs-synecdoche0A person's steps
1231PRO2024mfy9figs-rquestion0how then can he understand his way?
1232PRO2024s44tfigs-idiom0understand his way
1233PRO2025qfw5figs-metaphor0It is a snare
1234PRO2025x37x0to say rashly

to say something quickly and without careful consideration of what it might mean

1235PRO2025tt8zfigs-explicit0making his vow
1236PRO2026cgd9figs-metaphor0winnows the wicked
1237PRO2026m44hfigs-nominaladj0the wicked
1238PRO2026rs2yfigs-metaphor0he turns a threshing wheel over them
1239PRO2026sy6b0threshing wheel
1240PRO2027x5vxfigs-metaphor0The spirit of a person is the lamp of Yahweh, searching all his inmost parts
1241PRO2028f9hefigs-activepassive0Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness preserve the king
1242PRO2028dyd60preserve the king

keep the king safe from harm

1243PRO2028dym8figs-metonymy0his throne is made secure by love
1244PRO2030g7u1figs-parallelism0Blows that make a wound cleanse away evil and beatings make the innermost parts clean
1245PRO21introge8s0

Proverbs 21 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Chapter 21 continues the section of the book which is attributed to Solomon and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.

Special concepts in this chapter

Themes

There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

1246PRO211w5mdfigs-metaphor0The king's heart is a stream of water in the hand of Yahweh
1247PRO211t1m8figs-metonymy0The king's heart
1248PRO212yz3cfigs-metaphor0Every person's way is right in his own eyes
1249PRO212xmb4figs-metaphor0who weighs the hearts
1250PRO213qs6t0To do what is right

To do what Yahweh thinks is right

1251PRO213ezq60To do what is ... just

To treat people the way Yahweh wants people to treat other people

1252PRO213f31f0just is more acceptable to Yahweh

just—Yahweh wants this more

1253PRO214ps7vfigs-synecdoche0Haughty eyes and a proud heart
1254PRO214xvr4figs-synecdoche0Haughty eyes

This is a synecdoche for a person who wants others to know that he thinks he is better than they are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

1255PRO214gk4sfigs-synecdoche0proud heart

This is a synecdoche for a person who thinks he is better than others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

1256PRO214y68ufigs-metaphor0the lamp of the wicked
1257PRO215mmd8figs-nominaladj0the diligent
1258PRO215xi4lfigs-abstractnouns0comes only to poverty
1259PRO216vsi80Acquiring riches

Gaining wealth

1260PRO216bc5dfigs-metonymy0a lying tongue
1261PRO216w3kdfigs-metaphor0a fleeting vapor
1262PRO216l9agfigs-metaphor0a snare that kills
1263PRO217zn7hfigs-personification0The violence of the wicked will drag them away

The writer speaks as though violence were a person who could drag other people away. God will punish wicked people who harm their innocent neighbors. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

1264PRO217ce4ffigs-abstractnouns0violence of the wicked
1265PRO217i5j5figs-explicit0drag them away
1266PRO218qgr2figs-idiom0The way of a guilty person is crooked
1267PRO218y9c2figs-metaphor0crooked
1268PRO219gff3figs-explicit0a corner of the roof

Houses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

1269PRO219j9e10quarrelsome wife

wife who often argues and complains

1270PRO2110x3rsfigs-personification0The appetite of the wicked craves evil
1271PRO2110a2dz0craves

desires strongly

1272PRO2110d5qdfigs-idiom0his neighbor finds no favor in his eyes
1273PRO2111rd8sfigs-activepassive0When the mocker is punished
1274PRO2111a11r0the naive
1275PRO2111a6a50the mocker

the person who mocks others

1276PRO2111m512figs-activepassive0when the wise person is instructed
1277PRO2111ylu9figs-metaphor0lays hold of knowledge

Here knowledge is spoken of as if it were an object that someone could grasp and keep for himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1278PRO2112t3bj0The righteous
1279PRO2112bc3u0watches the house
1280PRO2112tem1figs-metaphor0he brings wicked people to disaster
1281PRO2113uc5nfigs-idiom0The one who shuts his ears to the cry of the poor
1282PRO2113iv38figs-metonymy0he will not be answered
1283PRO2114h1vz0appeases anger

makes an angry person feel better so he is no longer angry

1284PRO2115p2lnfigs-abstractnouns0When justice is done
1285PRO2116cj4zfigs-idiom0wanders from the way of understanding
1286PRO2116t6m20he will rest in the assembly of the dead

he will remain in the assembly of dead spirits

1287PRO2118mh2vfigs-metaphor0is ransom for
1288PRO2118qt7k0the treacherous

a person who harms those who trust him by lying and otherwise dealing falsely

1289PRO2118n28n0upright people
1290PRO2120r84pfigs-nominaladj0wise
1291PRO2120nw250swallows it all up
1292PRO2122d84j0scales the city

climbs up and over the wall that surrounds the city

1293PRO2122v5jk0the city of the mighty ones
1294PRO2122p6cmfigs-idiom0he brings down
1295PRO2122w2920the stronghold in which they trusted

the walls and towers around the city that they did not think anyone would be able to get past into the city, so they felt safe

1296PRO2123xw3qfigs-doublet0Whoever guards his mouth and tongue
1297PRO2124c77j0The proud and haughty person ... acts with arrogant pride

You can expect a proud and haughty people to act with arrogant pride

1298PRO2124m76afigs-doublet0proud and haughty

These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize how prideful the person is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

1299PRO2124rf25figs-metonymy0
1300PRO2125pzb9figs-personification0The desire of the lazy kills him
1301PRO2125dt4ffigs-synecdoche0his hands refuse
1302PRO2126vgt60craves

desires strongly

1303PRO2126es9xfigs-litotes0gives and does not hold back
1304PRO2127fq9a0The sacrifice of the wicked is detestable

The writer does not mention Yahweh here, as in Proverbs 15:8, but the reader should understand that it is Yahweh who detests the sacrifice of the wicked.

1305PRO2127l3lefigs-nominaladj0the wicked
1306PRO2127iy310it is even more detestable

Yahweh detests the sacrifice even more

1307PRO2128h8d40will speak for all time

This is because people will never forget what he said.

1308PRO2129z6tgfigs-idiom0makes his face hard
1309PRO2129ts1rfigs-metaphor0is certain about his ways
1310PRO2130n8ktfigs-abstractnouns0There is no wisdom, there is no understanding, and there is no advice that
1311PRO2130k3pe0stand against Yahweh
1312PRO2131j1hqfigs-activepassive0The horse is prepared for the day of battle
1313PRO2131i6w8figs-idiom0the day of battle
1314PRO22introt5zj0
1315PRO221but9figs-activepassive0A good name is to be chosen over great riches
1316PRO221m8c70A good name

To have others think that one is a good person

1317PRO223nt9p0A prudent man
1318PRO223cm2a0the naive

the inexperienced and immature

1319PRO225e8f6figs-metaphor0Thorns and snares lie in the path of the perverse
1320PRO225r2h10snares

traps to catch animals

1321PRO225dku9figs-nominaladj0the perverse
1322PRO225f1apfigs-metaphor0whoever guards his life
1323PRO226je4efigs-metaphor0the way he should go
1324PRO227dk14figs-explicit0borrows ... lends
1325PRO228l36jfigs-metaphor0He who sows injustice will reap trouble
1326PRO228htf6figs-metonymy0the rod of his fury will fade away
1327PRO228yu9gfigs-metonymy0rod of his fury
1328PRO228kpt40will fade away
1329PRO229nxi8figs-activepassive0The one who has a generous eye will be blessed
1330PRO229zhf7figs-metonymy0one who has a generous eye
1331PRO229vs46figs-metonymy0bread

Since bread was the main food for many people in biblical times, it is often used to refer to food in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1332PRO2210t6ntfigs-abstractnouns0disputes and insults will cease
1333PRO2211xzb6figs-synecdoche0loves a pure heart
1334PRO2211tlq40is gracious

is kind

1335PRO2212swt2figs-synecdoche0The eyes of Yahweh keep watch over
1336PRO2212s2lrfigs-metonymy0keep watch over knowledge
1337PRO2212zw3l0he overthrows

he destroys

1338PRO2212q7ytfigs-nominaladj0the treacherous
1339PRO2213jg670The lazy person says

The quote that follows is a lie and an excuse for not working. If your language introduces false statements in a special way, you can use that here.

1340PRO2214eq5hfigs-metonymy0The mouth of an adulteress is a deep pit
1341PRO2214xrc50an adulteress

See how you translated this in Proverbs 5:3.

1342PRO2214l326figs-idiom0Yahweh's anger is stirred up
1343PRO2214fin1figs-metaphor0falls into it
1344PRO2215fuj40Foolishness is bound up in the heart of a child

The heart of a child is full of foolish things

1345PRO2215j283figs-metonymy0the rod of discipline

The writer speaks of a parent using any form of discipline as if that parent were hitting the child with a wooden rod. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1346PRO2215dk18figs-metaphor0drives it far away
1347PRO2216w7rc0to increase his wealth
1348PRO2216fm7f0gives to rich people

gives money to rich people

1349PRO2216d4tdfigs-idiom0will come to poverty
1350PRO2217nnv40General Information:

Verse 17 begins the introduction to a new section of the Book of Proverbs.

1351PRO2217lgs9figs-synecdoche0Incline your ear and listen
1352PRO2217l38x0the words of the wise

what wise people say

1353PRO2217pi8nfigs-idiom0apply your heart to
1354PRO2217i9n2figs-abstractnouns0my knowledge
1355PRO2218nl9jfigs-metonymy0all of them are ready on your lips
1356PRO2219wr390today—even to you
1357PRO2220bb5s0General Information:

These verses continue and end the introduction that began in Proverbs 22:17.

1358PRO2220q77ctranslate-textvariants0thirty sayings
1359PRO2221q8xufigs-rquestion0to teach you ... who sent you?
1360PRO2221l5jf0to those who sent you

This implies that the hearer is or will be one whom others send to gain and bring back information.

1361PRO2222y27s0General Information:
1362PRO2222aq5t0Do not rob ... or crush

If your language has a way of showing that this is the way one person would speak strongly to another, different from a general rule that people are supposed to obey, you should use it here.

1363PRO2222su1vfigs-nominaladj0the poor
1364PRO2222tq59figs-metaphor0crush
1365PRO2222ws7lfigs-nominaladj0the needy
1366PRO2222z1iafigs-metonymy0at the gate
1367PRO2223a2vpfigs-metaphor0Yahweh will plead their case
1368PRO2223m5k2figs-metaphor0he will rob of life those who robbed them
1369PRO2224cpi30General Information:
1370PRO2224w16mfigs-metaphor0someone who is ruled by anger

someone who is unable to control his anger (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1371PRO2224cc8z0rages

shows violent anger

1372PRO2225s2i8figs-metaphor0you will take bait for your soul
1373PRO2225jh2kfigs-metonymy0bait for your soul
1374PRO2226ftq60General Information:
1375PRO2226rnd60strikes hands

A person would strike his hand against another person's hand to bind himself to do what he had agreed to do. Here the speaker warns the hearer not to strike hands as a way to promise to pay off someone's debts.

1376PRO2226wt7u0in making a pledge

and agree to pay what someone owes to another person

1377PRO2228tb1b0General Information:
1378PRO2228g63s0ancient

very old

1379PRO2228djq50boundary stone

a large stone that shows where one person's land ends and another person's land begins

1380PRO2228j4id0fathers

ancestors

1381PRO2229y4ubfigs-rquestion0Do you see a man skilled at his work?
1382PRO2229e6iifigs-metonymy0stand before

This represents becoming a servant of the important person. Kings and other important people will think so highly of him that they will use his services. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1383PRO23introeva70

Proverbs 23 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Chapter 23 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter of the book and is filled mainly with short, individual proverbs.

The second half of this chapter and the first half of the next chapter are attributed to general sayings.

Special concepts in this chapter

Themes

There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

1384PRO231z1810General Information:
1385PRO232lu62figs-hyperbole0put a knife to your throat
1386PRO233zfk90Do not crave
1387PRO233zkz50his delicacies

his special and expensive food

1388PRO233tjm2figs-idiom0it is the food of lies
1389PRO234a4va0General Information:
1390PRO234wh190Do not work too hard

Do not work so much that you are always tired

1391PRO235n9hdfigs-metaphor0light upon it

land like a bird upon the wealth (verse 4). This is a metaphor for looking at the wealth for a short time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1392PRO235sp17figs-metaphor0it will surely take up wings like an eagle and fly off
1393PRO235ryq40wings like an eagle

wings like an eagle's wings

1394PRO236afl60General Information:
1395PRO236su9w0do not crave
1396PRO236jtt70his delicacies
1397PRO237lbe8figs-idiom0his heart is not with you
1398PRO238aw14figs-hyperbole0You will vomit up the little you have eaten
1399PRO238z3l6figs-metaphor0you will have wasted your compliments
1400PRO239nk6j0General Information:
1401PRO239u4q5figs-abstractnouns0in the hearing of a fool
1402PRO2310iha40ancient

very old. See how you translated this in Proverbs 22:28.

1403PRO2310de8r0boundary stone

This is a large stone to show where one person's land ends and another person's land begins. See how you translated this in Proverbs 22:28.

1404PRO2310a9cb0encroach

This means to slowly take or begin to use land (or some thing) that belongs to someone else.

1405PRO2310n6i10orphans

children whose parents are dead

1406PRO2311p1uf0their Redeemer

Yahweh

1407PRO2311bgi8figs-metaphor0he will plead their case against you
1408PRO2312w7ey0General Information:
1409PRO2312pgj6figs-idiom0Apply your heart to
1410PRO2312v2r30instruction
1411PRO2312jul6figs-ellipsis0your ears
1412PRO2312gn450to words of knowledge

to me when I tell you what I know

1413PRO2313c9zs0General Information:
1414PRO2313qfa7figs-abstractnouns0Do not withhold instruction from a child
1415PRO2313r8dq0withhold

refuse to give something that one knows another person needs

1416PRO2314jx2r0rod

piece of wood

1417PRO2314e27r0It is you who must beat him ... and save his soul
1418PRO2314z89ffigs-metonymy0save his soul from Sheol
1419PRO2315h5yu0General Information:
1420PRO2316sij3figs-synecdoche0when your lips speak
1421PRO2317qz550General Information:
1422PRO2317zgy6figs-synecdoche0Do not let your heart envy sinners
1423PRO2318d3fzfigs-activepassive0your hope will not be cut off
1424PRO2319qj670General Information:
1425PRO2319f1280Hear—you!—my son
1426PRO2319jg2gfigs-metaphor0direct your heart in the way
1427PRO2320sag8figs-synecdoche0gluttonous eaters of meat
1428PRO2321z3snfigs-personification0slumber will clothe them with rags
1429PRO2322bzi70General Information:
1430PRO2322s9itfigs-litotes0do not despise
1431PRO2323smm2figs-abstractnouns0Buy the truth, but do not sell it; buy wisdom, instruction, and understanding
1432PRO2324rzg30General Information:
1433PRO2324qls10The father of the righteous person will greatly rejoice, and he who begets a wise child will be glad in him
1434PRO2324b6a90will be glad in him

will be glad because of him

1435PRO2326c77m0General Information:
1436PRO2326ds3tfigs-metonymy0give me your heart
1437PRO2326zdk9figs-synecdoche0let your eyes observe
1438PRO2327b64jfigs-merism0prostitute ... immoral woman
1439PRO2327y9lnfigs-metaphor0a prostitute is a deep pit
1440PRO2327i17l0prostitute

Here the word refers to any unmarried woman who engages in sexual activity, not only those who do so for money.

1441PRO2327zt340deep pit ... narrow well
1442PRO2327fys1figs-metaphor0an immoral woman is a narrow well
1443PRO2327ezr30well

a hole in the ground that people have dug to get to water

1444PRO2328x4yu0lies in wait

stays hidden, ready to attack when a victim approaches

1445PRO2328ll5sfigs-nominaladj0the treacherous
1446PRO2329ek290General Information:
1447PRO2329l7dufigs-rquestion0Who has woe? Who has sorrow? Who has fights? Who has complaining? Who has wounds for no reason? Who has bloodshot eyes?
1448PRO2329yw3q0bloodshot eyes

eyes red, like the color of blood

1449PRO2330kqg70Those who linger over wine, those who try the mixed wine

These words answer the questions in verse 29 and describe people who drink too much wine.

1450PRO2330g2tpfigs-euphemism0linger over wine

spend much time drinking wine and so drink much wine (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])

1451PRO2330t96n0the mixed wine

Possible meanings are 1) different wines mixed together or 2) other drinks that are stronger than wine.

1452PRO2331v5x10General Information:
1453PRO2332ip9z0In the last

After you drink it

1454PRO2332cr4nfigs-metaphor0it bites like a serpent ... it stings like an adder
1455PRO2332q4ct0adder

a type of poisonous snake

1456PRO2333qfg7figs-synecdoche0your heart will utter perverse things
1457PRO2333d1kc0perverse things

things that God says are morally wrong and bad; things that are wicked

1458PRO2334s7qb0General Information:
1459PRO2334q7lvfigs-idiom0lies on the top of a mast
1460PRO2334lxy20mast

the long wooden pole to which are attached the sails of a sailing ship

1461PRO2335c4na0They hit me, ... but I was not hurt. They beat me, but I did not feel it.

Because the drunk person is not thinking clearly, he is imagining that people are hitting and beating him, yet he feels no pain and cannot remember anything.

1462PRO2335d6ej0When will I wake up?

The drunk person is wondering when he will be sober again; when the effect of the wine will stop.

1463PRO24intronl8m0

Proverbs 24 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Chapter 24 continues the section beginning in the previous chapter and is mainly filled with short, individual proverbs.

The second half of this chapter finishes the section.

Special concepts in this chapter

Lazy man story

Unlike much of Proverbs, verses 30-34 tell a short story about a lazy man, which ends in a very memorable proverb.

Themes

There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

1464PRO241d1dq0General Information:
1465PRO242dw7gfigs-synecdoche0their hearts
1466PRO242m8pxfigs-synecdoche0their lips
1467PRO242es5l0talk about trouble
1468PRO243f9id0General Information:
1469PRO243hiy4figs-abstractnouns0Through wisdom a house is built
1470PRO243q4cpfigs-abstractnouns0by understanding it is established
1471PRO243mq3vfigs-metonymy0it is established
1472PRO244ry4yfigs-abstractnouns0By knowledge the rooms are filled
1473PRO245gah60General Information:
1474PRO245gya2figs-abstractnouns0warrior of wisdom
1475PRO245my2ffigs-abstractnouns0a man of knowledge increases his strength
1476PRO246i9safigs-abstractnouns0by wise direction
1477PRO246e43z0wage your war

fight your war

1478PRO246nll10advisors

those who tell government officials what those officials should do

1479PRO247ten90General Information:
1480PRO247r9t9figs-idiom0too high for a fool
1481PRO247e2pvfigs-metonymy0open his mouth
1482PRO248f77e0General Information:
1483PRO248f9l90a master of schemes
1484PRO2410xt510General Information:
1485PRO2410dbq1figs-idiom0your strength is small
1486PRO2411t92q0General Information:
1487PRO2411xc8kfigs-activepassive0those who are being taken away
1488PRO2411n8k20taken away
1489PRO2411ru950staggering

walking unsteadily and almost falling. This word would also describe the way a person walks when he is being dragged away.

1490PRO2411kl46figs-abstractnouns0the slaughter
1491PRO2412k5el0
1492PRO2412akd70Behold, we
1493PRO2412yi61figs-rquestion0does not the one who weighs the heart understand what you are saying?
1494PRO2412cx5xfigs-euphemism0the one who
1495PRO2412zda4figs-metonymy0weighs the heart
1496PRO2412pa6xfigs-rquestion0The one who guards your life, does he not know it?
1497PRO2412m55qfigs-rquestion0Will God not give to each one what he deserves?
1498PRO2413q7s60General Information:
1499PRO2414p5t6figs-activepassive0your hope will not be cut off
1500PRO2415i96h0General Information:
1501PRO2415s1wwfigs-idiom0Do not lie in wait
1502PRO2415g6w60his home

the home of the righteous person

1503PRO2416jrm70rises again
1504PRO2416k8lyfigs-personification0wicked people are brought down by calamity
1505PRO2416u49kfigs-metaphor0are brought down

This is a metaphor of a person who was standing but someone has brought him down to the ground or made him fall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1506PRO2416ze9b0calamity

times when bad things happen to people and their property

1507PRO2417rpu60General Information:
1508PRO2417t9ei0your enemy falls

something bad happens to your enemy

1509PRO2417by2hfigs-synecdoche0let not your heart be glad
1510PRO2418b18ifigs-idiom0turn away his wrath from him
1511PRO2419yp9l0General Information:
1512PRO2420mmf6figs-metaphor0the lamp of wicked people will go out

The lamp is used as a metaphor for life. The life of wicked people will end just as a lamp goes out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1513PRO2421j1fr0General Information:
1514PRO2421vvr90Fear

a deep respect and awe for a person in authority

1515PRO2422jzb3figs-rquestion0who knows the extent of the destruction that will come from both of them?
1516PRO2422ub7e0both of them

these words refer to Yahweh and the king

1517PRO2423jq5s0These also are sayings of the wise

This sentence starts a new collection of proverbs.

1518PRO2423ci6n0a case at law

a situation that is brought before a judge in which someone is accused of breaking the law

1519PRO2424lma60Whoever says to the wicked person, ... will be cursed by peoples and hated by nations
1520PRO2424rfb90the wicked person ... a righteous person
1521PRO2425xwv50will have delight

will be very happy

1522PRO2425ufh1figs-personification0gifts of goodness will come to them
1523PRO2425uy7d0gifts of goodness
1524PRO2426sz6ffigs-idiom0gives a kiss on the lips
1525PRO2428u5rpfigs-metonymy0with your lips
1526PRO2429cke7figs-idiom0pay him back
1527PRO2431w3gw0Thorns

useless plants with sharp spines

1528PRO2431j4m70nettles

plants that are covered with stinging leaves and hairs

1529PRO2431chw40was broken down

had fallen down

1530PRO2432u9za0received instruction

learned a lesson

1531PRO2434d7gxfigs-ellipsis0and poverty comes
1532PRO2434v85wfigs-personification0poverty comes marching upon you
1533PRO2434zx1yfigs-simile0your needs like an armed soldier
1534PRO25introl94s0

Proverbs 25 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Chapter 25 begins the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.

Special concepts in this chapter

Themes

There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

1535PRO252x2ec0to conceal a matter

to keep some things secret

1536PRO252cj4pfigs-ellipsis0but the glory
1537PRO252dg6e0search it out
1538PRO253jtp4figs-simile0Like the heavens are for height and the earth is for depth, so the heart of kings is unsearchable
1539PRO253b9470heavens

This refers to everything we see above the earth, including the sun, moon, and stars.

1540PRO254jgm10dross

the material in a metal that people do not want and they remove by heating the metal

1541PRO255vvu5figs-metonymy0his throne will be established by doing
1542PRO257w69gfigs-explicit0
1543PRO257qf2z0before a nobleman

in front of a nobleman

1544PRO258t9ugfigs-rquestion0For what will you do in the end when your neighbor puts you to shame?
1545PRO259lgk70your case

your disagreement

1546PRO259c77l0do not disclose another's secret

do not share your neighbor's secret with other people

1547PRO2510fr3gfigs-activepassive0an evil report about you that cannot be silenced
1548PRO2511e2ayfigs-metaphor0Apples of gold in settings of silver is a word spoken in the right situation
1549PRO2511sq350Apples of gold in settings of silver
1550PRO2511ptu8figs-activepassive0is a word spoken
1551PRO2512ir54figs-metaphor0A gold ring or jewelry made of fine gold is a wise rebuke to a listening ear
1552PRO2512i38pfigs-synecdoche0listening ear
1553PRO2513tc4qfigs-simile0Like the cold of snow at harvest time is a faithful messenger

Here a faithful messenger is being compared to the cold of snow, because both are pleasant. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

1554PRO2513sxk7figs-metaphor0the cold of snow
1555PRO2513v57a0snow

white flakes of ice that fall from the sky like rain

1556PRO2513z9pn0brings back the life of his masters

This means he makes his masters, who are weak and tired, to be strong and rested again.

1557PRO2514hbd4figs-metaphor0Clouds and wind without rain is the one who boasts ... not give
1558PRO2515v2wvfigs-activepassive0With patience a ruler can be persuaded
1559PRO2515eed7figs-metaphor0a soft tongue can break a bone
1560PRO2516dc7bfigs-metaphor0General Information:

Verse 16 states a general principle, and verse 17 gives one specific example. The idea of eating too much honey and then vomiting it up is a metaphor for taking too much of any good thing and regretting it later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1561PRO2518r378figs-simile0A man who bears false witness against his neighbor is like a club used in war, or a sword, or a sharp arrow

A false witness is compared to three weapons that can hurt or kill people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

1562PRO2519p8jxfigs-simile0An unfaithful man in whom you trust in a time of trouble is like a bad tooth or a foot that slips
1563PRO2520j5q40carbonate of soda
1564PRO2520ef6rfigs-explicit0sings songs
1565PRO2520z9shfigs-synecdoche0a heavy heart
1566PRO2522eb7pfigs-idiom0shovel coals of fire on his head
1567PRO2523xj7i0the north wind
1568PRO2523z36v0a tongue that tells secrets
1569PRO2523gn4tfigs-synecdoche0result in angry faces
1570PRO2524siz4figs-explicit0a corner of the roof

Houses in those days had flat roofs. Ancient Israelites spent much time on their roofs, where it was often cooler than inside the house, and sometimes people would build a shelter large enough for a person to sleep in on one corner of the roof. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

1571PRO2524urg50a quarreling wife

a wife who often argues or complains

1572PRO2525p4p8figs-simile0Like cold waters to one who is thirsty, so is good news from a far country

Cold water is compared to good news that is both refreshing and delightful. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

1573PRO2526p3dyfigs-simile0Like a fouled spring or a ruined fountain is a righteous person tottering before wicked people

One expects a spring or fountain to have clear water, just as one expects a righteous man to stand for what he believes. A polluted spring or fountain is compared to a righteous man who falls. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

1574PRO2526tiq8figs-metaphor0tottering before wicked people
1575PRO2526fe9hfigs-metaphor0tottering
1576PRO2526e13rfigs-idiom0before wicked people
1577PRO2527h7jffigs-simile0It is not good to eat too much honey; that is like searching for honor after honor.

Both wanting others to honor you and eating honey are good, but you can eat too much honey, and you can try too hard to have people honor you. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

1578PRO2527x6infigs-litotes0It is not good
1579PRO2527ea110that is like searching for honor after honor
1580PRO2528gl3pfigs-simile0A person without self-control is like a city breached and without walls.

Both a person without self-control and a city without walls are weak and vulnerable. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

1581PRO2528jh450breached and without walls

whose walls an army has knocked down and destroyed

1582PRO26introjuh90

Proverbs 26 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Chapter 26 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.

Special concepts in this chapter

Themes

There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. Wisdom and folly are particularly prominent in this chapter.(See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

1583PRO261w8ycfigs-simile0Like snow in summer or rain in harvest
1584PRO262kdg7figs-simile0so an undeserved curse does not alight
1585PRO262mf19figs-activepassive0an undeserved curse
1586PRO262t3fg0alight

land on someone or something

1587PRO263v3b70A whip is for the horse, a bridle is for the donkey and a rod is for the back of fools

A whip, a bridle, and a rod are things that people use to make the horse, donkey, and fool do what they want.

1588PRO263le7r0a bridle is for the donkey

A bridle is made of straps. People put it on a donkey's head and hold one of the straps to make the donkey go the way they want it to go.

1589PRO263q1bg0a rod is for the back of fools

In the Bible, people would hit their children or their slaves with a wooden rod in order to discipline them.

1590PRO265rz540Answer a fool and join in on his folly
1591PRO265q48wfigs-metaphor0so he will not become wise in his own eyes
1592PRO266ang1figs-metonymy0Whoever sends a message by the hand of a fool
1593PRO266ife4figs-metaphor0cuts off his own feet
1594PRO266a1zcfigs-metaphor0drinks violence
1595PRO267h8yxfigs-simile0Like the legs ... is a proverb in the mouth of fools
1596PRO267m6mr0a paralytic

a person who is unable to move or feel all or part of his body

1597PRO267nq9kfigs-metonymy0in the mouth of fools
1598PRO268vhn4figs-explicit0tying a stone in a sling
1599PRO268fy3g0giving honor to a fool

honoring a fool

1600PRO269l82zfigs-simile0Like a thorn ... is a proverb in the mouth of fools
1601PRO269z794figs-synecdoche0a thorn that goes into the hand of a drunkard
1602PRO269q3ggfigs-metonymy0in the mouth of fools
1603PRO2610lu8m0hires a fool

gives a job to a fool

1604PRO2611dgd20As a dog returns to his own vomit

As a dog eats its own vomit

1605PRO2612cxr5figs-rquestion0Do you see someone who is wise in his own eyes?
1606PRO2612n43z0There is more hope for a fool than for him

A fool can become wise more easily than he can

1607PRO2613y1yv0
1608PRO2613xyz80There is a lion on the road

See how you translated this in Proverbs 22:13.

1609PRO2613ufn80the open places
1610PRO2614bfi20hinges

metal pieces that attach a door to something and allow it to open and close

1611PRO2614uv1dfigs-simile0As the door turns on its hinges, so is the lazy person upon his bed

Both the door and the lazy person move, but they do not go anywhere. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

1612PRO2615j4ce0puts his hand into the dish
1613PRO2615x6usfigs-hyperbole0he has no strength to lift it up to his mouth

This is an exaggeration for doing necessary work that would clearly do him good. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])

1614PRO2616e6pbfigs-metaphor0The lazy person is wiser in his own eyes than seven men
1615PRO2617xh36figs-simile0Like one who takes hold of the ears of a dog, is a passerby who becomes angry at a dispute that is not his own
1616PRO2617z69efigs-explicit0Like one who takes hold of the ears of a dog
1617PRO2617ul2wfigs-explicit0is a passerby who becomes angry at a dispute that is not his own

The implied information is that the passerby will start arguing, and the people who were fighting will get angry with him and hurt him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

1618PRO2619kd8e0the one who deceives
1619PRO2619g1qdfigs-rquestion0Was I not telling a joke?
1620PRO2620ivv30gossiper

a person who gossips a lot

1621PRO2621l2ugfigs-explicit0As charcoal is to burning coals and wood is to fire
1622PRO2621ud8hfigs-metaphor0kindling strife
1623PRO2622ye74figs-simile0The words of a gossip are like delicious morsels
1624PRO2622rb3sfigs-metaphor0they go down into the inner parts of the body
1625PRO2623i9mzfigs-simile0Like the glaze overlaying an earthen vessel so are burning lips and an evil heart
1626PRO2623ky5d0the glaze overlaying an earthen vessel
1627PRO2623u5wyfigs-synecdoche0so are burning lips and an evil heart
1628PRO2623s94pfigs-metaphor0burning lips
1629PRO2623p5hffigs-metonymy0an evil heart
1630PRO2624rhg2figs-metaphor0disguises his feelings with his lips
1631PRO2624qu8bfigs-metaphor0he lays up deceit within himself
1632PRO2625f4gf0but do not believe him

but do not believe what he says

1633PRO2625q7lnfigs-metaphor0for there are seven abominations in his heart
1634PRO2626iv6jfigs-activepassive0Though his hatred is covered with deception
1635PRO2626d99dfigs-metaphor0Though his hatred is covered with deception
1636PRO2626slh6figs-metaphor0his wickedness will be exposed in the assembly
1637PRO2626d2jn0the assembly

the community of Israel

1638PRO2627sg61figs-explicit0Whoever digs a pit will fall into it
1639PRO2627nj1wfigs-explicit0the stone will roll back on the one who pushed it
1640PRO2628wvw9figs-synecdoche0A lying tongue hates the people it crushes
1641PRO2628dfi2figs-synecdoche0a flattering mouth brings about ruin
1642PRO2628qp8a0flattering

praising someone in a manner that is not sincere, or praising someone about things that are not true

1643PRO27introec7g0

Proverbs 27 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Chapter 27 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.

Special concepts in this chapter

Themes

There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

1644PRO271f85wfigs-explicit0Do not boast about tomorrow
1645PRO271t368figs-metaphor0what a day may bring
1646PRO272cyj6figs-ellipsis0and not your own mouth ... and not your own lips
1647PRO272jhl7figs-ellipsis0a stranger
1648PRO273snl3figs-metaphor0the provocation of a fool is heavier than both
1649PRO273hs8d0the provocation of a fool
1650PRO274j57vfigs-abstractnouns0There is the cruelty of rage and the flood of anger, but who is able to stand before jealousy?
1651PRO274l3ui0cruelty

harshness

1652PRO274srl1figs-metaphor0the flood of anger
1653PRO274nh38figs-rquestion0but who is able to stand before jealousy?
1654PRO274inj9figs-metaphor0to stand before jealousy
1655PRO275yva8figs-abstractnouns0Better is an open rebuke
1656PRO275pz3xfigs-abstractnouns0than hidden love
1657PRO276d5v5figs-metaphor0Faithful are the wounds caused by a friend
1658PRO276uw1kfigs-metonymy0Faithful are the wounds caused by a friend
1659PRO276wzd4figs-explicit0but an enemy may kiss you profusely
1660PRO276d2u70profusely
1661PRO277diy70A person who has eaten to the full
1662PRO277v4fr0rejects even a honeycomb

A honeycomb would normally be desirable, but not to the person who has already eaten enough to be satisfied.

1663PRO277aj750every bitter thing is sweet

everything that is bitter tastes sweet

1664PRO278tmr6figs-simile0Like a bird that wanders from its nest is a man who strays from where he lives
1665PRO279p2m80Perfume
1666PRO279zj6kfigs-metonymy0make the heart rejoice
1667PRO279fa3bfigs-metaphor0the sweetness of a friend comes from his sincere counsel
1668PRO2710c6gz0your brother's house
1669PRO2710zin10calamity

extreme troubles and misfortune

1670PRO2711v2t7figs-metonymy0make my heart rejoice
1671PRO2711sv31figs-explicit0then I will give back an answer to the one who mocks me
1672PRO2711gm950mocks

makes fun of someone, especially in a cruel way

1673PRO2712y47t0A prudent man sees trouble and hides himself, but the naive people go on and suffer because of it

See how you translated a similar phrase in Proverbs 22:3.

1674PRO2712jm890A prudent man
1675PRO2712j5th0the naive people

the inexperienced and immature people

1676PRO2712bv110suffer

experience something very unpleasant, such as illness, pain, or other hardships

1677PRO2713l1r3figs-explicit0Take a garment of one who has put up security for a stranger
1678PRO2713q6cifigs-idiom0who has put up security
1679PRO2713gvg7figs-idiom0hold it in pledge
1680PRO2714xjs10Whoever gives his neighbor a blessing

If anyone gives his neighbor a blessing

1681PRO2714z5gafigs-activepassive0that blessing will be considered to be a curse
1682PRO2715bh2v0quarreling

This means making people angry with each other or causing strong disagreements between people.

1683PRO2715caj9figs-explicit0the constant dripping
1684PRO2715ldj60a rainy day

a day of continual rain

1685PRO2716e46jfigs-simile0restraining her is like restraining the wind, or trying to catch oil in your right hand

The implied information is that it is as difficult or useless to try and restrain her as it is to try to restrain the wind or catch oil in your hand (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

1686PRO2716tfg7figs-explicit0restraining her
1687PRO2716z86v0restraining the wind
1688PRO2717w3vafigs-simile0Iron sharpens iron; in the same way, a man sharpens his friend.
1689PRO2718gbr20who tends

who takes care of

1690PRO2718d71dfigs-activepassive0the one who protects his master will be honored
1691PRO2719z68afigs-metonymy0a person's heart
1692PRO2720nv5htranslate-names0Abaddon
1693PRO2720c28l0are never satisfied

are never filled up

1694PRO2720q6udfigs-metonymy0a man's eyes
1695PRO2721c4r4figs-explicit0A crucible is for silver and a furnace is for gold
1696PRO2721eg8jtranslate-unknown0crucible

a container used for heating substances to very high temperatures (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

1697PRO2721eza1translate-unknown0furnace

an oven that can be made extremely hot (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

1698PRO2721b7qdfigs-activepassive0a person is tested when he is praised
1699PRO2722m5zvfigs-metaphor0Even if you crush a fool ... yet his foolishness will not leave him

This means that even if a fool is made to suffer hardship or pain (being crushed is often a metaphor for suffering in Hebrew), he will remain foolish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1700PRO2722ir3ktranslate-unknown0pestle

a hard tool with a rounded end, used for crushing things in a bowl (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

1701PRO2723ixh6figs-parallelism0Be sure you know the condition of your flocks and be concerned about your herds

These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1702PRO2723de7k0your flocks

flocks of sheep

1703PRO2723b9bu0your herds

herds of goats

1704PRO2724v1t6figs-rquestion0Does a crown endure for all generations?
1705PRO2724gu92figs-metonymy0a crown
1706PRO2725n1ai0the new growth appears
1707PRO2726ra5w0Connecting Statement:

Verses 26 and 27 go together with verses 23 to 25 as one proverb.

1708PRO2726dar8figs-explicit0Those lambs will provide your clothing
1709PRO2726j2vpfigs-explicit0the goats will provide the price of the field
1710PRO2727q28mfigs-explicit0nourishment for your servant girls
1711PRO2727xjw40nourishment

food

1712PRO28introg91u0

Proverbs 28 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Chapter 28 continues the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.

Special concepts in this chapter

Themes

There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

1713PRO282b4c7figs-abstractnouns0Because of the transgression of a land
1714PRO282qks4figs-metonymy0the transgression of a land
1715PRO282ivf7figs-explicit0with a man of understanding and knowledge
1716PRO283tx2c0who oppresses

who severely mistreats

1717PRO283pb4kfigs-simile0like a beating rain that leaves no food

The poor man who oppresses other poor people is compared to a rain that falls so hard that it leaves no crop to harvest. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

1718PRO283p9vxfigs-metaphor0beating rain
1719PRO284z1ah0forsake the law

forsake God's law

1720PRO284j98ffigs-metaphor0those who keep the law
1721PRO284whf7figs-metaphor0fight against them
1722PRO285pi7rfigs-gendernotations0Evil men
1723PRO285t38qfigs-abstractnouns0do not understand justice
1724PRO285k5mhfigs-metaphor0those who seek Yahweh

Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1725PRO285ru6tfigs-explicit0understand everything
1726PRO286q4ty0It is better for a poor person ... than for a rich person

It is better to be a poor person ... than it is to be a rich person

1727PRO286pfi9figs-metaphor0walks in his integrity
1728PRO286jdf4figs-metaphor0who is crooked in his ways
1729PRO287b5pvfigs-metaphor0He who keeps the law
1730PRO287h42hfigs-abstractnouns0a son who has understanding
1731PRO287rh6n0of gluttons
1732PRO287q9hm0shames his father
1733PRO288uef70makes his fortune

increases his wealth

1734PRO288i36g0charging too much interest

charging extra money to borrow

1735PRO288tj5f0interest

money paid by a borrower for the use of someone else's money

1736PRO288xz6i0gathers his wealth

brings his wealth together

1737PRO288e1qz0for another

for another person

1738PRO288s7xf0pity

a strong feeling of sadness or sympathy for someone

1739PRO289w4280If one

If a person

1740PRO289s7cffigs-synecdoche0turns away his ear from hearing the law
1741PRO289ztw6figs-activepassive0even his prayer is detestable
1742PRO289a3bi0detestable

See how you translated this in Proverbs 3:32.

1743PRO2810hgy2figs-metaphor0Whoever misleads the upright into an evil way
1744PRO2810pv8z0Whoever misleads ... evil way will fall

If anyone misleads ... evil way, he will fall

1745PRO2810m6rzfigs-nominaladj0the upright
1746PRO2810tw7hfigs-metaphor0will fall into his own pit
1747PRO2810yg55figs-nominaladj0the blameless
1748PRO2810w7560will have a good inheritance

will inherit what is good

1749PRO2811eg7vfigs-metaphor0be wise in his own eyes
1750PRO2811pj9jfigs-abstractnouns0who has understanding
1751PRO2811ynr5figs-idiom0will find him out
1752PRO2812qew30When the righteous triumph

When righteous people succeed

1753PRO2812zkn5figs-idiom0when the wicked arise
1754PRO2812emq6figs-nominaladj0the wicked
1755PRO2812g949figs-explicit0people are sought out
1756PRO2813h8gmfigs-metaphor0hides his sins
1757PRO2813e7kw0will not prosper
1758PRO2813m9fzfigs-activepassive0the one who confesses them and forsakes them will be shown mercy
1759PRO2814nh5tfigs-activepassive0The one who always lives with reverence is blessed
1760PRO2814ffn2figs-abstractnouns0lives with reverence
1761PRO2814ijf70reverence

This refers to deeply respecting Yahweh and showing that respect by obeying him.

1762PRO2814ymm80whoever hardens his heart

the one who hardens his heart

1763PRO2814ebu1figs-idiom0hardens his heart
1764PRO2814l7eefigs-metaphor0will fall into trouble
1765PRO2815z8tifigs-simile0Like a roaring lion or a charging bear is a wicked ruler over poor people

Poor people who are helpless against an evil ruler are compared to people who have a lion roaring at them or a bear attacking them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

1766PRO2815x5l1translate-unknown0a charging bear

A bear is a large, furry, dangerous animal that walks on four legs and has sharp claws and teeth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

1767PRO2816et9jfigs-abstractnouns0The ruler who lacks understanding
1768PRO2816az950oppressor

a person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult

1769PRO2816lv7nfigs-abstractnouns0the one who hates dishonesty
1770PRO2816eae9figs-idiom0prolong his days
1771PRO2817rm8gfigs-metonymy0he has shed someone's blood
1772PRO2817v5920fugitive

a person who is running away to avoid being captured

1773PRO2817iz6wfigs-idiom0until death
1774PRO2818nhr1figs-activepassive0Whoever walks with integrity will be kept safe
1775PRO2818u4m50Whoever

Anyone who

1776PRO2818f45ffigs-metaphor0walks with integrity
1777PRO2818kvc6figs-metaphor0the one whose way is crooked
1778PRO2818x79afigs-metaphor0will suddenly fall
1779PRO2819dlk70works his land

This means to till, sow, and care for his crops.

1780PRO2819uq9z0whoever follows

anyone who follows

1781PRO2819t64pfigs-idiom0follows worthless pursuits
1782PRO2819b8y8figs-irony0will have plenty of poverty
1783PRO2820ix4qfigs-litotes0the one who gets rich quickly will not go unpunished
1784PRO2820nt6pfigs-explicit0the one who gets rich quickly
1785PRO2821kg9cfigs-hyperbole0for a piece of bread a man will do wrong
1786PRO2821phu70do wrong

sin

1787PRO2822v63d0A stingy man
1788PRO2822f7a8figs-idiom0hurries after riches
1789PRO2822mz2hfigs-idiom0poverty will come upon him
1790PRO2823sr8rfigs-activepassive0Whoever disciplines someone, afterward will find more favor from him than from the one who flatters him with his tongue
1791PRO2823q2x80Whoever disciplines

If a person disciplines

1792PRO2823hi860disciplines

trains people to obey a set of guidelines for moral behavior

1793PRO2823k6hlfigs-metonymy0flatters him with his tongue
1794PRO2823l9i10flatters

praises someone in a manner that is not sincere, or praises someone about things that are not true

1795PRO2824xcp20Whoever robs

The one who robs

1796PRO2824qt94figs-quotations0
1797PRO2824ie7mfigs-idiom0the companion of
1798PRO2825e3ce0A greedy man

a person who selfishly wants more things, money or food than what he needs

1799PRO2825bkj4figs-metaphor0stirs up conflict
1800PRO2826pnc4figs-synecdoche0One who trusts in his own heart
1801PRO2826dyj30whoever walks

any person who walks

1802PRO2826g7hyfigs-idiom0walks in wisdom
1803PRO2827yhn40The one

The person

1804PRO2827y6e6figs-nominaladj0the poor
1805PRO2827iwx5figs-litotes0lack nothing
1806PRO2827ykd8figs-activepassive0whoever closes his eyes to them will receive many curses
1807PRO2827cgl40whoever closes

anyone who closes

1808PRO2827x8x1figs-metonymy0closes his eyes to
1809PRO2828ku38figs-idiom0When the wicked arise
1810PRO2828xc51figs-hyperbole0people hide themselves
1811PRO2828vjp80perish
1812PRO2828pd870increase
1813PRO29intropkl40

Proverbs 29 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Chapter 29 concludes the second section of the book (Chapter 25-29) which is attributed to Solomon.

Special concepts in this chapter

Themes

There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

1814PRO291rl7afigs-metaphor0who stiffens his neck
1815PRO291nb5zfigs-activepassive0will be broken in a moment
1816PRO291y5ftfigs-metaphor0beyond healing
1817PRO292w7r2figs-metonymy0the people sigh
1818PRO294v6dufigs-abstractnouns0by justice
1819PRO295x5x60flatters his neighbor

knowingly tells his neighbor things that are not true so that the neighbor will do what the speaker wants him to do

1820PRO295udx2figs-metaphor0spreading a net for his feet
1821PRO296k8iqfigs-idiom0In the sin of an evil person is a trap

When an evil person sins, it is as if he is stepping into a trap. He desires to do evil to other people, but God will use what he does to punish him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

1822PRO298g91sfigs-metonymy0set a city on fire
1823PRO298vcu6figs-idiom0turn away wrath
1824PRO299el5g0has an argument with
1825PRO299tzx70he rages and laughs

The fool becomes very angry and tries to keep the wise person from speaking or the court judge from judging.

1826PRO299kn5t0rages

This means to be loud and excited and to move with powerful movements like a strong storm. This is a negative word.

1827PRO299qmv50there will be no rest

they will not be able to settle the problem

1828PRO2910jbu4figs-idiom0seek the life of
1829PRO2912ui7k0pays attention
1830PRO2912b9esfigs-metaphor0all his officials will be wicked
1831PRO2913f56w0oppressor

a person who treats people harshly and makes their lives very difficult

1832PRO2913psq6figs-idiom0Yahweh gives light to the eyes of them both
1833PRO2914x486figs-metonymy0his throne
1834PRO2915ybi8figs-personification0The rod and reproof give wisdom
1835PRO2915p19zfigs-metonymy0The rod
1836PRO2915m43w0reproof

When a person gives reproof to another person, or reproves that person, he tells that person that he does not approve of what that other person is doing.

1837PRO2916th5tfigs-abstractnouns0transgression increases
1838PRO2916ha78figs-abstractnouns0the downfall of those wicked people
1839PRO2918s41bfigs-activepassive0the one who keeps the law is blessed
1840PRO2919kl1yfigs-activepassive0A slave will not be corrected by words
1841PRO2920qfr9figs-rquestion0See a man who is hasty in his words?
1842PRO2921k1j60who pampers his slave

who allows his slave to avoid work and who treats his slave better than he treats other slaves

1843PRO2921qas40at the end of it
1844PRO2921qs950there will be trouble

These words translate a Hebrew word whose meaning no one knows for sure. Some understand it to mean that the slave will be weak, others that the slave will rule the household.

1845PRO2922s7hafigs-metaphor0stirs up strife
1846PRO2922ad7mfigs-idiom0a master of rage
1847PRO2923z268figs-activepassive0one who has a humble spirit will be given honor
1848PRO2924jpz10hates his own life

becomes his own enemy

1849PRO2924ej5kfigs-explicit0he hears the curse and says nothing
1850PRO2925t7d5figs-metaphor0The fear of man makes a snare
1851PRO2925k5l20a snare

a trap that catches animals with ropes

1852PRO2925t3gkfigs-activepassive0the one who trusts in Yahweh will be protected
1853PRO2926sa3kfigs-metonymy0Many are those who seek the face of the ruler
1854PRO2926w96bfigs-abstractnouns0from Yahweh is justice for a person
1855PRO2927c4s90detestable

a person who should be hated. See how you translated this in Proverbs 3:32.

1856PRO30introaud80
1857PRO301u8l9translate-names0Agur ... Jakeh ... Ithiel ... Ucal

These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1858PRO301v8qt0Agur son of Jakeh

This is the literal son of Jakeh, not a grandchild.

1859PRO301ic3d0the utterance

the message

1860PRO301y7qf0to Ithiel, to Ithiel and Ucal

to Ithiel—that is, to Ithiel and Ucal

1861PRO302n4d90Surely
1862PRO302ij38figs-abstractnouns0I do not have the understanding of a human being
1863PRO303ln5ffigs-abstractnouns0nor do I have knowledge of the Holy One
1864PRO304kw1afigs-rquestion0Who has ... down? Who has ... hands? Who has ... cloak? Who has ... earth?
1865PRO304eb1b0heaven

where God lives

1866PRO304bz7zfigs-metaphor0gathered up the wind in the hollow of his hands
1867PRO304g4i70the hollow of his hands
1868PRO304l4kf0gathered up

brought small scattered objects into a pile so they can be lifted

1869PRO304rce50has established all the ends of the earth
1870PRO304t7g1figs-rquestion0What is his name, and what is the name of his son?
1871PRO304jv39figs-irony0Surely you know!
1872PRO305mna2figs-metaphor0is tested
1873PRO305u15zfigs-metaphor0he is a shield to those who take refuge in him
1874PRO306lu630add to his words

say more than he has said

1875PRO306e39xfigs-activepassive0you will be proved to be
1876PRO308v3d5figs-metaphor0Put vanity and lies far away from me
1877PRO308jw320vanity

false, useless words

1878PRO308wk6qfigs-metaphor0Give me neither poverty nor riches
1879PRO309vrk2figs-hypo0if I have too much, I might deny you and say

This describes a hypothetical situation that has not happened but is possible if the writer becomes rich. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

1880PRO309t24ifigs-hypo0if I become poor, I might steal and profane

This describes a hypothetical situation that has not happened but is possible if the writer becomes poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

1881PRO309f4ah0I might steal and profane the name of my God
1882PRO3010rz4a0slander

speak falsely about another person with the desire to harm him

1883PRO3010ycc90he will curse

the servant will curse

1884PRO3010u5fufigs-activepassive0you will be held guilty
1885PRO3011sz6e0a generation that curses ... and does not bless

a generation of people who curse ... and do not bless

1886PRO3011z4bb0generation

type or class or group

1887PRO3012h8cq0a generation that is

a generation of people that are

1888PRO3012dp6pfigs-metaphor0is pure in their own eyes
1889PRO3012re7rfigs-metaphor0they are not washed of their filth
1890PRO3012fyp50filth

This should be translated with a polite term that includes human or animal vomit and waste.

1891PRO3013ey4dfigs-metonymy0eyes are raised up ... their eyelids lifted up

This describes people who think that they are better than other people. Their eyes show that they are proud, and the way they look at others shows that they think they are better than those other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1892PRO3014zca7figs-metaphor0There is a generation whose teeth are swords, and their jawbones are like knives, so they may devour the poor ... and the needy

The people of the generation who speak very harmful things is spoken of as if they were wild animals with teeth and jawbones made of swords and knives, and they eat the poor and needy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1893PRO3014z22j0jawbones

the bones of the face where teeth grow

1894PRO3015yr92figs-metaphor0The leech has two daughters
1895PRO3015ik610leech

a type of worm that attaches itself to the skin and sucks blood

1896PRO3015n8v60
1897PRO3015snu6writing-poetry0
1898PRO3015xlu4figs-litotes0are never satisfied
1899PRO3016d8p5figs-personification0land that is never satisfied with water

Land that is no longer producing food because there has been no rain is spoken of as if it were a person who does not have enough water to drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

1900PRO3017hr1jfigs-abstractnouns0scorns obedience to a mother
1901PRO3017pr2u0his eyes ... the vultures

The writer says that the person will die by giving two pictures of what happens to people who die away from where people live.

1902PRO3017l9a8figs-activepassive0his eyes will be pecked out by the ravens of the valley
1903PRO3017x3vs0ravens

large, shiny, black birds that eat plants and dead animals

1904PRO3017sxz9figs-activepassive0he will be eaten by the vultures
1905PRO3017k8je0vultures

any one of several large birds that eat dead animals and have small, featherless heads

1906PRO3018njh20There are three things that are ... four that I do not understand:
1907PRO3019u9rpfigs-metaphor0in the heart of the sea
1908PRO3020h26kfigs-euphemism0she eats and she wipes her mouth

This seems to be both a euphemism and a metaphor for committing adultery and then taking a bath. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1909PRO3021s3e30Under three things the earth trembles, and under four it cannot bear up
1910PRO3022xv9vfigs-activepassive0a fool when he is filled with food
1911PRO3023l8m1figs-activepassive0a hated woman when she marries
1912PRO3023dwd50takes the place of her mistress

rules the household

1913PRO3026p11p0rock badgers

an animal with small, rounded ears, short legs, and no tail

1914PRO3028l4zb0lizard

a small reptile that has four legs, a long, slender body, and a tail

1915PRO3029u31f0There are three things that are ... four that are stately in how they walk
1916PRO3029dc440stately

majestic or dignified, like a king

1917PRO3031e3z80strutting rooster

an adult male chicken that walks proudly

1918PRO3033kgm40churning

strongly stirring

1919PRO3033nj7p0butter

Animal milk that someone has stirred and made thick.

1920PRO31introdd9p0

Proverbs 31 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Chapter 31 begins with 9 verses from King Lemuel. The last portion of this chapter is a poem about a godly wife. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]])

King Lemuel

This person is unknown in Scripture, other than here. It is important to recognize that the words in this chapter are words of his mother addressed to him. They are formed like advice of a mother to her son.

Special concepts in this chapter

An acrostic poem

Verse 10 through 31 is tightly formed as a poem in the original language. There are 22 lines in the Hebrew language that each begin with a successive letter of the alphabet. However, each language will have a different set of letters. Therefore, it is important to realize this was a single composition with a single theme of a noble or godly wife.

Themes

There are individual proverbs that run along common themes, often including contrasting elements: wise/foolish, money, lazy/diligent, truth telling, wicked/righteous, sluggard, pride/humility, integrity/crookedness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/foolish]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

1921PRO312nw5lfigs-rquestion0What, my son? What is it, son of my womb? What do you want, son of my vows?
1922PRO312ag7f0my son ... son of my womb ... son of my vows

The speaker wants the hearer to notice carefully and to respect the one who is talking to him.

1923PRO312ye5f0son of my womb

The womb is a synecdoche for the person. It is best to use a polite term for the body part in which babies grow before they are born.

1924PRO312p2hh0son of my vows
1925PRO313irw80Do not give your strength to women
1926PRO313tuq50or your ways to those who destroy kings

or allow those who destroy kings to advise you

1927PRO313j3yt0your ways
1928PRO313v8um0those who destroy kings
1929PRO314s8mw0Lemuel

This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in Proverbs 31:1.

1930PRO315ex8nfigs-activepassive0what has been decreed
1931PRO315w2jv0pervert the rights of all the afflicted

deny afflicted people their legal rights

1932PRO315y3ds0pervert

exchange good for evil

1933PRO315mdn60all the afflicted

all those people whom others wrongfully harm

1934PRO316q63sfigs-ellipsis0and wine
1935PRO316i7g70in bitter distress
1936PRO317f15vfigs-abstractnouns0his poverty
1937PRO317cb4bfigs-abstractnouns0his trouble
1938PRO318r3tlfigs-idiom0Speak for those who cannot speak
1939PRO318mxp7figs-metonymy0for the causes of all who are perishing
1940PRO318e1y9figs-ellipsis0for the causes
1941PRO319yc2mfigs-doublet0poor and needy people
1942PRO3110ufh2figs-rquestion0Who can find a capable wife?
1943PRO3110v97s0Her value is far more than jewels

She is more precious than jewels

1944PRO3111i7unfigs-litotes0he will never be poor
1945PRO3113usy50wool

sheep's hair that is used to make cloth

1946PRO3113xs1v0flax

a plant whose fiber is used to make linen

1947PRO3113n9qr0with the delight of her hands
1948PRO3114h9840merchant

someone who buys and sells

1949PRO3115ry3t0distributes the work for her female servants

tells her female servants what work each of them is to do that day

1950PRO3116fgc9figs-metaphor0the fruit of her hands
1951PRO3117vv53figs-idiom0She dresses herself with strength
1952PRO3117fn860makes her arms strong

she strengthens her arms by doing her work

1953PRO3118d4np0perceives

sees by looking carefully

1954PRO3118jpw6figs-hyperbole0all night long her lamp is not extinguished
1955PRO3119d3iv0spindle

a thin rod or stick with pointed ends that is used in making thread

1956PRO3120en6lfigs-metonymy0reaches out with her hand to poor
1957PRO3120s1we0reaches out with her hands to
1958PRO3121tt96figs-metonymy0are clothed in scarlet
1959PRO3121ail40scarlet

The color red, but with a hint of orange.

1960PRO3122a3x10linen

cloth made of flax yarn

1961PRO3123ra37figs-activepassive0Her husband is known
1962PRO3123dbz10when he sits with the elders of the land

to make laws and settle arguments

1963PRO3124d6wi0linen

cloth made from flax yarn

1964PRO3124ghw50sashes

long pieces of cloth worn around the waist or over one shoulder

1965PRO3125k3bifigs-metaphor0She is clothed with strength and honor
1966PRO3125a29gfigs-hyperbole0laughs at the time to come
1967PRO3126lb6qfigs-metonymy0opens her mouth with wisdom
1968PRO3126q9jlfigs-metonymy0the law of kindness is on her tongue
1969PRO3127uqe6figs-metaphor0watches over the ways of her household
1970PRO3127ynb8figs-idiom0does not eat the bread of idleness
1971PRO3127j79l0idleness

doing nothing and being lazy

1972PRO3128hq5ufigs-metonymy0rise up and
1973PRO3128lqv2figs-quotations0call her blessed
1974PRO3129fl850you surpassed

you have done better than

1975PRO3130e8cjfigs-abstractnouns0Elegance is deceptive
1976PRO3130qcq1figs-abstractnouns0beauty is vain
1977PRO3130k9e4figs-activepassive0she will be praised
1978PRO3131df11figs-metaphor0the fruit of her hands
1979PRO3131ef6yfigs-metonymy0let her works praise her in the gates