en_tn/en_tn_19-PSA.tsv

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1BookChapterVerseIDSupportReferenceOrigQuoteOccurrenceGLQuoteOccurrenceNote
2PSAfrontintrorx9u0
3PSA1introfan40
4PSA11w56fwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

5PSA11gz4nfigs-metaphor0who does not walk in the advice of the wicked
6PSA11uqr7figs-metaphor0stand in the pathway with sinners
7PSA11nk2afigs-metonymy0or sit in the assembly of mockers
8PSA12izu5figs-abstractnouns0his delight is in the law of Yahweh
9PSA12ns4k0Yahweh

This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.

10PSA13t59m0General Information:

This passage introduces an elaborate image in which a righteous person is thought of in terms of a flourishing tree.

11PSA13d83jfigs-simile0He will be like a tree ... fruit in its season
12PSA13wir50planted by the streams of water

A tree that is planted by a stream can get enough water to be healthy.

13PSA13tag10that produces its fruit in its season

Healthy trees produce good fruit at the right time.

14PSA13xf3j0whose leaves do not wither

If a tree gets enough water, its leaves do not dry out and die.

15PSA13c7840whatever he does will prosper

He will be successful at whatever he does

16PSA14g6a7figs-explicit0The wicked are not so
17PSA14lnx8figs-simile0but are instead like the chaff
18PSA15atv6figs-metaphor0will not stand in the judgment
19PSA15va3s0in the judgment
20PSA15x8skfigs-ellipsis0nor sinners in the assembly of the righteous
21PSA15nr84figs-metonymy0nor sinners in the assembly of the righteous
22PSA16wmx7figs-parallelism0For Yahweh approves of the way of the righteous, but the way of the wicked will perish

These two clauses contrast what happens to righteous people with what happens to wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

23PSA16cxy6figs-metaphor0the way of the righteous
24PSA16jy56figs-metaphor0the way of the wicked will perish
25PSA2introz14u0
26PSA21bht4writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

27PSA21e4gnfigs-rquestion0Why are the nations in turmoil, and why do the peoples make plots that will fail?
28PSA21zq9d0are the nations in turmoil

This probably means that the nations were making a noisy and angry commotion.

29PSA21hd4hfigs-metonymy0the nations

This represents either the leaders or the people of the nations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

30PSA21jxy70plots that will fail

These are probably plots against God and his people.

31PSA22ag3kfigs-parallelism0The kings of the earth take their stand together ... the rulers conspire together

These two clauses have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

32PSA22pt5vfigs-explicit0take their stand together ... conspire together
33PSA23xw9hfigs-metaphor0Let us tear off the shackles ... throw off their chains
34PSA24e8l80He ... the Lord
35PSA24t9zxfigs-explicit0sits in the heavens
36PSA24zyd3figs-explicit0the Lord mocks them
37PSA25z631figs-abstractnouns0terrify them in his rage
38PSA25jjb40terrify

greatly frighten

39PSA26emc40I myself

Yahweh is emphasizing that he, and not someone else, has anointed his king.

40PSA26v3q90anointed my king

appointed my king to rule

41PSA27d5l7figs-explicit0I will announce a decree of Yahweh. He
42PSA27h8690He said to me

Yahweh said to me

43PSA27qp2j0You are my son! This day I have become your father
44PSA28sy590Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues speaking to the new king of Israel.

45PSA28vjb5figs-parallelism0the nations for your inheritance ... the farthermost regions of the earth for your possession

These phrases express very similar ideas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

46PSA28cv7i0the farthermost regions of the earth

the lands that are very far away

47PSA29uaa7figs-parallelism0You will break them with an iron rod; like a jar of a potter, you will smash them to pieces

These phrases express very similar ideas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

48PSA29at9ufigs-metaphor0You will break them with an iron rod
49PSA29a2x4figs-metaphor0you will smash them to pieces
50PSA29ggd3translate-unknown0a jar of a potter
51PSA210upx2figs-parallelism0So now, you kings, be warned; be corrected, you rulers of the earth
52PSA210j2nxfigs-activepassive0be warned
53PSA210nyh6figs-activepassive0be corrected
54PSA212w4m8translate-symaction0Kiss the son
55PSA212v3bs0you will die in the way
56PSA212l654figs-metaphor0when his anger burns for just a moment
57PSA212ty9pfigs-metaphor0seek refuge in him
58PSA3intropy7j0

Psalm 003 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 3 is a psalm of deliverance. It is a morning song intended to be sung in the temple accompanied by musical instruments during morning worship. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's protection

Although the psalmist has many enemies and is saying he is without help, God is protecting him and delivering him from danger.

59PSA31ylp1writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

60PSA31g1yb0A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

61PSA31xp7ifigs-exclamations0Yahweh, how many are my enemies!
62PSA31cj3ufigs-idiom0have risen against me
63PSA33mj2ufigs-metaphor0you, Yahweh, are a shield around me
64PSA33llc4figs-metonymy0my glory
65PSA33hj6jfigs-metaphor0the one who lifts up my head
66PSA34bz2mfigs-metonymy0I lift up my voice
67PSA36q7wy0have set themselves against me on every side

have surrounded me to destroy me

68PSA37zax2figs-metonymy0Rise up
69PSA37az5mfigs-parallelism0hit all my enemies ... break the teeth of the wicked
70PSA37r6xetranslate-symaction0For you will hit all my enemies on the jaw
71PSA37k36ifigs-metaphor0you will break the teeth of the wicked
72PSA38x9bnfigs-abstractnouns0Salvation comes from Yahweh
73PSA4introb2qk0

Psalm 004 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 4 is a psalm of deliverance. It is an evening song, intended to be sung in the temple accompanied by musical instruments during evening worship. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Trust

God protects all those who truly trust in him for protection. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])

74PSA41zjj1writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

75PSA41q28k0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship

76PSA41k7md0on stringed instruments

people should play stringed instruments with this song

77PSA41f3xk0Answer me when I call
78PSA41dd310God of my righteousness

God, who shows that I am righteous

79PSA41n99cfigs-metaphor0give me room when I am hemmed in
80PSA42r39v0General Information:

David sings this part of the song as if he is speaking to his enemies.

81PSA42p3x5figs-rquestion0You people, how long will you turn my honor into shame?
82PSA42vy7i0turn my honor into shame
83PSA42i8ctfigs-rquestion0How long will you love that which is worthless and seek after lies?
84PSA42mvp9figs-parallelism0love that which is worthless ... seek after lies
85PSA43w2gh0Yahweh has set apart the faithful ones for himself

Yahweh chooses godly people for himself

86PSA44api1figs-explicit0Tremble in fear
87PSA44u9p90Tremble

shake from fear

88PSA44l67wfigs-metonymy0Meditate in your heart
89PSA45h8tj0Offer the sacrifices of righteousness

Offer the right sacrifices

90PSA45ul9jfigs-metaphor0put your trust in Yahweh
91PSA46k53mfigs-rquestion0Who will show us anything good?
92PSA46uvl3figs-metonymy0Who will show us anything good?
93PSA46stu3figs-metaphor0lift up the light of your face on us
94PSA47v4vsfigs-synecdoche0You have given my heart more gladness
95PSA47b9htfigs-metaphor0You have given my heart more gladness than others have
96PSA47izx5figs-metonymy0when their grain and new wine abound
97PSA48b57ufigs-metaphor0It is in peace that I will lie down and sleep
98PSA48p2cefigs-doublet0make me safe and secure
99PSA5introe67h0

Psalm 005 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 5 is a psalm of deliverance. Notice how the psalmist both praises God and asks Him for help in defeating the wicked. It was intended to be sung accompanied by flutes. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's help

God does not help people who do evil but he blesses those who are good and trust in him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])

100PSA51k92kwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

101PSA51q7tu0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship

102PSA51tu540with wind instruments

This song should be accompanied by people who play wind instruments.

103PSA51xts1figs-explicit0Listen to my call to you
104PSA51i5660groanings

low sounds that people make with the voice when they are suffering

105PSA53i42xfigs-parallelism0in the morning you hear my cry ... in the morning I will bring my petition to you

These two phrases are very similar in meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

106PSA53q5qw0I will bring my petition to you
107PSA53rk6n0wait expectantly

wait, expecting you to do what I ask you to do

108PSA56qjt8figs-123person0Yahweh despises violent and deceitful men
109PSA57xxs4figs-abstractnouns0because of your great covenant faithfulness
110PSA57wus90your house
111PSA58nj5yfigs-metaphor0lead me in your righteousness
112PSA58f99ifigs-metaphor0make your path straight before me
113PSA59vyp80General Information:

David talks about his enemies.

114PSA59yu9ifigs-metonymy0For there is no truth in their mouth
115PSA59w7snfigs-metonymy0their inward being is wicked
116PSA59t93lfigs-metonymy0their throat
117PSA59aj6lfigs-metaphor0their throat is an open tomb
118PSA59c5lk0they flatter with their tongue

they say nice things about people without really meaning it

119PSA59w8twfigs-metonymy0their tongue

The tongue represents what people say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

120PSA510b8gr0may their schemes be their downfall
121PSA510llj10schemes

plans to harm people

122PSA510se86figs-metaphor0downfall

This is something that causes a person to experience disasters or to lose power. Experiencing disaster or becoming less important is spoken of as falling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

123PSA511p2xkfigs-metaphor0may all those who take refuge in you rejoice
124PSA511w32efigs-parallelism0those who take refuge in you rejoice ... shout for joy because you defend them

These two clauses express similar thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

125PSA511h7eqfigs-metaphor0take refuge in you
126PSA511jnt7figs-metonymy0those who love your name
127PSA512t1zzfigs-simile0you will surround them with favor as with a shield
128PSA6introgpl30

Psalm 006 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 6 is a deliverance psalm: a call to God for help. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Trouble

He is in deep trouble and needs God to help him in his difficult situation. But then God hears his prayer and scatters his enemies.

First Person

This psalm is written using first person making its perspective very personal. There are many uses of the first person in this Psalm.

129PSA61qy9swriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

130PSA61z78f0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship

131PSA61w19w0on stringed instruments

people should play stringed instruments with this song

132PSA61p2j30set to the Sheminith style

This may refer to a style of music.

133PSA62at9cfigs-synecdoche0my bones are shaking
134PSA63sd1q0very troubled
135PSA63vw88figs-rquestion0how long will this continue?
136PSA64rce3figs-metaphor0Return, Yahweh
137PSA64fuw3figs-abstractnouns0Save me because of your covenant faithfulness
138PSA65qb7pfigs-parallelism0For in death there is no remembrance of you. In Sheol who will give you thanks?

These two sentences express similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

139PSA65pn4jfigs-metonymy0For in death there is no remembrance of you
140PSA65mb1jfigs-rquestion0In Sheol who will give you thanks?
141PSA66ge93figs-metonymy0I am weary with my groaning
142PSA66bay4figs-parallelism0I drench my bed with tears; I wash my couch away with my tears

These two sentences express the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

143PSA66c1qb0I drench my bed with tears
144PSA66isr50I wash my couch away with my tears

I make my couch wet with my tears

145PSA67fup4figs-metonymy0My eyes grow dim
146PSA67gny4figs-metonymy0from grief
147PSA69j23zfigs-parallelism0Yahweh has heard my appeal for mercy ... Yahweh has accepted my prayer

These two lines have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

148PSA69dq36figs-metaphor0Yahweh has accepted my prayer
149PSA7introzey10

Psalm 007 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 7 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's protection

The author had not wronged anyone, yet his enemy was trying to attack him. But he knew that God would protect him.

Cush the Benjamite

Note the superscription and the specific circumstances. There is no other reference to this incident in the Scriptures. But there are references to David being opposed by those of the tribe of Benjamin during the time he was serving King Saul.

150PSA71wzv4writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

151PSA71v2390A musical composition of David

This is a song that David wrote

152PSA71huv1figs-metaphor0take refuge in you!
153PSA72rzk1figs-simile0they will rip me apart like a lion, tearing me in pieces
154PSA72x9fh0with no one else able to bring me to safety

and no one else will be able to save me

155PSA75ej18figs-metonymy0my life
156PSA75us9efigs-metonymy0overtake me
157PSA75txr8figs-metonymy0let him trample my life to the ground
158PSA75hav60lay my honor in the dust

This refers to lying dead and unburied in disgrace.

159PSA76phd3figs-metonymy0Arise, Yahweh, in your anger
160PSA76a9lpfigs-metonymy0stand up against the rage of my enemies
161PSA76q1qtfigs-metonymy0the rage of my enemies
162PSA76x2usfigs-metaphor0wake up
163PSA76sml10for my sake
164PSA77pk8yfigs-synecdoche0The countries are assembled
165PSA77rb6bfigs-metaphor0take once more your rightful place over them
166PSA78e8kb0vindicate me

show them that I am not guilty

167PSA79pw1n0establish the righteous people
168PSA79zql9figs-metonymy0you who examine hearts and minds
169PSA710c7u4figs-metaphor0My shield comes from God
170PSA711j5znfigs-explicit0a God who is indignant each day
171PSA712y4zkfigs-metaphor0God will sharpen his sword and will prepare his bow for battle
172PSA714l54afigs-metaphor0one who is pregnant with wickedness ... conceives destructive plans ... gives birth to harmful lies
173PSA716p524figs-metaphor0His own destructive plans return to his own head, for his violence comes down on his own head
174PSA8intrors240

Psalm 008 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 8 is a psalm of worship and praise to God. This was to be sung by a choir.

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's creation

God has made awesome things in the universe and has exalted humans to be rulers over this creation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/exalt]])

A Little Lower than the Heavenly Beings

Psalms Psalm 8:4-6 is quoted in Hebrews 2:6-8, where it is applied to Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]])

175PSA81lk7twriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

176PSA81i9hb0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship

177PSA81ye1p0set to the gittith style

This may refer to a style of music.

178PSA81hn59figs-metonymy0how magnificent is your name in all the earth
179PSA82u11efigs-metaphor0Out of the mouth of babies and infants you have established praise
180PSA83uj2ifigs-synecdoche0your heavens, which your fingers have made
181PSA84yhh5figs-rquestion0Of what importance is the human race that you notice them, or mankind that you pay attention to them?
182PSA84k9i20the human race ... mankind

Both of these phrases refer to people in general.

183PSA85sr48figs-metaphor0have crowned them with glory and honor
184PSA86x6z3figs-parallelism0You make him to rule over the works ... you have put all things under his feet

These two clauses express similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

185PSA86rc4e0You make him ... under his feet
186PSA86xti1figs-metonymy0the works of your hands
187PSA86py2wfigs-metaphor0you have put all things under his feet
188PSA89y339figs-exclamations0how magnificent is your name in all the earth
189PSA89dvi7figs-metonymy0your name
190PSA89bf2u0magnificent

excellent, great

191PSA9introzq960

Psalm 009 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 9 is a psalm of praise.

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's protection

God is a protector. He is all-powerful and his enemies cannot withstand him.

Acrostic Psalm

This psalm along with Psalm 10 form an acrostic. Which means that each unit begins with a successive letter of the Hebrew alphabet.

One Psalm or two

This psalm has a superscription but Psalm 10 doesn't. This fact and the acrostic nature of the two psalms has lead some scholars to believe these two psalms may have originally been written as one psalm.

192PSA91xxu5writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

193PSA91w9iy0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship

194PSA91nqw50set to Muth Labben

This may refer to a style of music.

195PSA91lr4kfigs-123person0I will give thanks to Yahweh with my whole heart
196PSA91f4r1figs-abstractnouns0all your marvelous deeds
197PSA92vh6jfigs-metonymy0I will sing praise to your name
198PSA93j6850turn back
199PSA94nvz1figs-metonymy0you sit on your throne, a righteous judge
200PSA95cw1jfigs-metaphor0you have blotted out their name forever and ever
201PSA95bs940blotted out

erased

202PSA96dj3hfigs-simile0The enemy crumbled like ruins
203PSA96b9n10when you overthrew their cities

when you destroyed their cities

204PSA96pi7jfigs-metaphor0All remembrance of them has perished
205PSA96c6ypfigs-abstractnouns0All remembrance of them has perished
206PSA97x7xgfigs-metonymy0Yahweh remains forever
207PSA97h8nufigs-metonymy0he has established his throne for justice
208PSA98pgg5figs-parallelism0He will judge the world with righteousness ... he will execute judgment for the nations with fairness

These two clauses express the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

209PSA98dz3wfigs-metonymy0He will judge the world with righteousness
210PSA99y7hdfigs-metaphor0Yahweh also will be a stronghold for the oppressed
211PSA910mb1zfigs-metonymy0Those who know your name
212PSA910dj610do not abandon
213PSA911nb7x0who rules in Zion

who lives in Jerusalem

214PSA911i7jsfigs-metonymy0tell the nations
215PSA912lcs5figs-explicit0For the God who avenges bloodshed remembers
216PSA912wk9a0he does not forget the cry

He does not ignore the cry

217PSA913j8i9figs-activepassive0see how I am oppressed by those who hate me
218PSA913p41pfigs-metaphor0you who can snatch me from the gates of death
219PSA915re95figs-metaphor0The nations have sunk down into the pit that they made
220PSA915g4gqfigs-metaphor0their feet are caught in the net that they hid
221PSA916fy3rfigs-nominaladj0the wicked is ensnared by his own actions
222PSA916z41t0is ensnared

is trapped

223PSA917bw3u0turned back

rejected

224PSA917wmb40all the nations that forget God
225PSA918f28nfigs-activepassive0For the needy will not always be forgotten
226PSA918ln7ufigs-metaphor0nor will the hope of the oppressed be forever dashed
227PSA919zrv7figs-metonymy0Arise
228PSA919dw6d0man

people

229PSA919f879figs-metonymy0be judged
230PSA919dca3figs-metonymy0in your sight
231PSA919xin9figs-activepassive0may the nations be judged in your sight
232PSA10introh3660

Psalm 010 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 10 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Evil people

The wicked people are prospering and think that God does not care. They think that he is not involved in these affairs. They destroy the innocent. The godly need God to come to their rescue and to punish the wicked people for the evil that they are doing to the good people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/innocent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]])

Second half of Psalm 9

As noted in the intro to the last psalm, this one is part of an acrostic poem. This psalm covers the last half on the Hebrew alphabet. It also does not have a superscription to introduce it. However, the psalms do separate well on the subjects they address. One addresses thanksgiving and praise whereas Psalm 10 is a lament. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])

233PSA101he97writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

234PSA101l729figs-rquestion0Why, Yahweh, do you stand far off? Why do you hide yourself in times of trouble?
235PSA102ml6r0schemes

evil plans

236PSA103hd9rfigs-genericnoun0the wicked person
237PSA103lk5vfigs-abstractnouns0his deepest desires
238PSA103bcd90the greedy

greedy people

239PSA104nkz2figs-genericnoun0The wicked man
240PSA104es9wfigs-metaphor0has a raised face
241PSA104je9xfigs-metaphor0he does not seek God
242PSA105h3lz0He is secure at all times
243PSA105ee2mfigs-metaphor0your righteous decrees are too high for him
244PSA105bbt7translate-symaction0he snorts at all his enemies
245PSA105dxb30he snorts

This means that he blows air out noisily through his nose.

246PSA106j7qk0He says

The wicked man says

247PSA106xus10throughout all generations
248PSA106y26yfigs-metaphor0I will not meet adversity
249PSA107d42jfigs-metonymy0His mouth is full of curses and lies and oppression
250PSA107xj9bfigs-metonymy0under his tongue are mischief and evil
251PSA108x2zt0He waits in ambush
252PSA108urg9figs-synecdoche0his eyes look for some helpless victim
253PSA109sd5ufigs-simile0He lurks in secret like a lion in the thicket
254PSA109jkf70lurks

This means to hide or wait with intent to harm or kill.

255PSA109ug790he lies in wait
256PSA109g5jlfigs-metaphor0He catches the oppressed when he pulls in his net
257PSA1010bcg4figs-metaphor0they fall into his strong nets
258PSA1011y4zxfigs-genericnoun0He says
259PSA1011ty8wfigs-metaphor0God has forgotten
260PSA1011vdi5figs-metaphor0he covers his face
261PSA1011xd2rfigs-metaphor0he will not bother to look
262PSA1012l9k2figs-metaphor0Arise
263PSA1012k3kxfigs-metonymy0Lift up your hand
264PSA1013w9gjfigs-rquestion0
265PSA1013tfq6figs-metonymy0You will not hold me accountable
266PSA1015v9jufigs-metonymy0Break the arm of the wicked and evil man
267PSA1015z4yyfigs-doublet0wicked and evil

These words have the same meaning. You can use one word to express both concepts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

268PSA1015m5mvfigs-metonymy0Make him account for his evil deeds
269PSA1016zc2ffigs-activepassive0the nations are driven out of his land
270PSA1017d6nxfigs-explicit0you have heard the needs of the oppressed
271PSA1017yqz9figs-metonymy0you strengthen their heart
272PSA1018w3s10no man ... will cause terror again

no one ... will cause people to be afraid again

273PSA11introzn9r0

Psalm 011 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 11 is a worship psalm. It tells how great God is and that God delivers the good people from the evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Justice

The wicked people try to destroy the good people but God knows everything that is being done and he saves the good people and destroys the evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])

274PSA111t2nrwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

275PSA111ca3b0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship.

276PSA111i5j2figs-metaphor0take refuge in Yahweh
277PSA111dp1yfigs-rquestion0
278PSA112lc130For see! The wicked prepare their bows. They make ready their arrows on the strings to shoot in the darkness at the upright in heart

Look! the wicked are preparing to attack upright people

279PSA112td660upright in heart
280PSA113dyu6figs-rquestion0For if the foundations are ruined, what can the righteous do?
281PSA114je8vfigs-synecdoche0his eyes watch, his eyes examine the children of mankind
282PSA114u9bt0children of mankind

humanity

283PSA115ars40Yahweh examines

Yahweh watches carefully

284PSA115qa590do violence

hurt others

285PSA116t8lufigs-metaphor0He rains burning coals and brimstone upon the wicked; a scorching wind will be their portion from his cup!
286PSA116i1h80brimstone

sulphur

287PSA117ai4r0see his face

be in his presence

288PSA12introc38b0

Psalm 012 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 12 is a judgment psalm, where the author asks God to judge and punish the wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh saves

There are so many wicked people now and they are proud of their evil. But God will save the poor who call out to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]])

Words

This relatively short psalm focuses on the words people use.

289PSA121lrn6writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

290PSA121l7ap0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship

291PSA121d3jh0set to the Sheminith

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 6:1.

292PSA121w9wb0Help, Yahweh

Yahweh, come to my aid

293PSA121ckb50those who have integrity have vanished

faithful people have all vanished

294PSA122p59ufigs-hyperbole0Everyone says ... everyone speaks
295PSA122k6d8figs-metonymy0everyone speaks with flattering lips and a double heart
296PSA123cis2figs-metaphor0cut off all flattering lips
297PSA123g9k2figs-synecdoche0every tongue declaring great things
298PSA124j1nxfigs-metonymy0With our tongues will we prevail
299PSA124ay1a0will we prevail
300PSA124n8z2figs-synecdoche0When our lips speak
301PSA124le51figs-rquestion0who can be master over us?
302PSA125bgl10groans

These are deep sounds that people make because of pain or some strong emotion.

303PSA125qr860
304PSA126jt35figs-simile0like silver purified in a furnace on the earth, refined seven times
305PSA127txp60You keep them

You keep the righteous people safe

306PSA128q4v90walk on every side

surround us

307PSA128y7uyfigs-activepassive0when evil is exalted among the children of mankind
308PSA128lrt60children of mankind
309PSA13intronza70

Psalm 013 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 13 is a psalm of deliverance because the psalmist is calling on God to deliver him from death and his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/call]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's help

The author needs God to help him because his enemies will rejoice if they are able to defeat him. The string of rhetorical questions is very effective at heightening the fear David is feeling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/fear]])

310PSA131vsr8writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

311PSA131hwf60For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship.

312PSA131xg9cfigs-rquestion0How long, Yahweh, will you keep forgetting about me?
313PSA131v3pxfigs-synecdoche0How long ... face from me?
314PSA132pg6nfigs-rquestion0How long will my enemy triumph over me?
315PSA133vs9y0Look at me and answer me

Give me your attention and listen to me

316PSA133x789figs-idiom0Give light to my eyes
317PSA133t9hlfigs-euphemism0or I will sleep in death
318PSA134ucm30Do not let my enemy say ... so that my enemy may not say

Do not let my enemy say about me ... so that my enemy may not say about me

319PSA134x5p10when I am brought down
320PSA135l1infigs-abstractnouns0I have trusted in your covenant faithfulness
321PSA135s3s4figs-synecdoche0my heart rejoices in your salvation
322PSA14introa2690

Psalm 014 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 14 is a deliverance psalm because he is trusting God to deliver the poor. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Evil people

Wicked people do not even consider God when they make their plans. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])

323PSA141ghg8writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

324PSA141l8jh0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship.

325PSA141bwz9figs-idiom0A fool says in his heart
326PSA141r75x0They are corrupt
327PSA142zm7b0children of mankind

This phrase refers to all humans.

328PSA142vw7wfigs-metaphor0who seek after him
329PSA143l4effigs-metaphor0They have all turned away
330PSA144v11hfigs-rquestion0Do they not know anything ... who do not call on Yahweh?
331PSA144a11qfigs-abstractnouns0those who commit iniquity
332PSA144amq1figs-metaphor0those who eat up my people

This refers to those who do evil things and destroy God's people as if they were eating food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

333PSA145g9620They tremble
334PSA145p7fpfigs-explicit0God is with the righteous assembly
335PSA146a6ad0You want
336PSA146eb9r0to humiliate the poor person

to make the person who is poor feel ashamed

337PSA146ysx7figs-metaphor0Yahweh is his refuge
338PSA147uji3figs-exclamations0Oh, that the salvation of Israel would come from Zion!
339PSA147xxx6figs-metonymy0Oh, that the salvation of Israel would come from Zion!
340PSA147h25qfigs-parallelism0then Jacob will rejoice and Israel will be glad
341PSA15introj6s20

Psalm 015 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 15 is a wisdom psalm telling how people who honor God should live. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Godliness

This psalm outlines a person who is godly and sees others from a godly perspective. There are several good actions mentioned. Such a person treats his neighbor right, does not slander him, does not take a bribe or interest from him, and keeps his promises even when it is difficult to do so. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])

Moral Conditions for Worship

Scholars have noted that this psalm contains a list of ten different conditions for those who want to participate in worship at the temple. The list consists of three positives in verse 2, 3 negatives in verse 3, two positives in verse 4, followed by two negatives in verse 5. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])

342PSA151u6j8writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

343PSA151sql5figs-metonymy0Who may live on your holy hill?
344PSA152jg770speaks truth from his heart

speaks honestly

345PSA153n4z5figs-metonymy0He does not slander with his tongue
346PSA153ih3s0harm

hurt

347PSA154y2jl0The worthless person is despised in his eyes, but he honors those who fear Yahweh

Righteous people hate those who have rejected God, but they honor those who respect God

348PSA154y1aw0The worthless person
349PSA155qq63figs-metaphor0will never be shaken
350PSA16introhm6c0
351PSA161m94awriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

352PSA161u6cpfigs-metaphor0take refuge in you
353PSA163b6f8figs-explicit0the holy people who are on the earth
354PSA164j4m1figs-activepassive0Their troubles will be ... gods
355PSA164b7s40pour out ... blood to their gods

pour out blood as a sacrifice to their gods

356PSA164xj7hfigs-exmetaphor0or lift up their names with my lips
357PSA165v4p8figs-metaphor0my chosen portion

Here David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a portion of land that has been given to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

358PSA165b3bhfigs-metaphor0my cup
359PSA165efb40You hold onto my lot
360PSA166qf7ffigs-metonymy0Measuring lines ... in pleasant places
361PSA166ag3m0Measuring lines

These are ropes that people use to measure a plot of land and mark its boundaries.

362PSA166af57figs-metaphor0surely a pleasing inheritance is mine
363PSA168z6820I set Yahweh before me at all times

I always remember that Yahweh is with me

364PSA168yj9ifigs-activepassive0so I will not be shaken from his right hand
365PSA169in9q0General Information:

David continues to speak to God.

366PSA169p2bcfigs-metonymy0my heart is glad
367PSA169e6e10my glory is rejoicing
368PSA1611b54u0abundant joy
369PSA1611hxq5figs-personification0joy resides in your presence
370PSA1611v4yrfigs-idiom0in your right hand
371PSA17introthd20

Psalm 017 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 17 is a prayer for deliverance from all his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Innocence

The psalmist is innocent and needs God to rescue him from these enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/innocent]])

372PSA171y32ywriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

373PSA171z6y3figs-metaphor0Give ear to my prayer from lips without deceit
374PSA172k4sufigs-metaphor0Let my vindication come from your presence
375PSA172t9kxfigs-synecdoche0let your eyes see what is right!
376PSA173pi85figs-idiom0If you test my heart, if you come to me in the night
377PSA173w51qfigs-personification0my mouth will not transgress
378PSA174u1m8figs-metonymy0it is at the word of your lips that I have kept myself from the ways of the lawless
379PSA175nw8lfigs-parallelism0My steps have held firmly to your tracks; my feet have not slipped

Both of these clauses mean the same thing. The repetition adds emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

380PSA175ve61figs-metaphor0my feet have not slipped
381PSA176fh7pfigs-parallelism0turn your ear to me ... listen when I speak
382PSA177m4v2figs-abstractnouns0Show your covenant faithfulness in a wonderful way
383PSA177g2x5figs-metonymy0your right hand
384PSA177ll6hfigs-metaphor0take refuge in you
385PSA178ar64figs-simile0Protect me like the apple of your eye
386PSA178f3hhfigs-metaphor0hide me under the shadow of your wings
387PSA1710rd6lfigs-synecdoche0their mouths speak with pride
388PSA1711yzx5figs-metonymy0They have surrounded my steps
389PSA1712iq89figs-parallelism0like a lion eager for a victim, like a young lion crouching in hidden places

These two phrases express very similar ideas. The repetition adds intensity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

390PSA1712c8wrfigs-simile0They are like a lion ... like a young lion

The writer feels pursued the way a lion hunts its prey (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

391PSA1713p2s3figs-metaphor0by your sword
392PSA1714mf1xfigs-parallelism0Rescue me from men by your hand, Yahweh, from men of this world
393PSA1714wh2mfigs-metonymy0by your hand
394PSA1714xg3nfigs-metaphor0You will fill the bellies of your treasured ones with riches
395PSA1714knu1figs-metaphor0You will fill the bellies ... with riches
396PSA1715ck39figs-synecdoche0I will see your face in righteousness
397PSA1715bpx8figs-explicit0I will be satisfied, when I awake, with a sight of you
398PSA18introenj70

Psalm 018 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 18 is a psalm of praise to God for his strengthening David for war.

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's power

God has tremendous power and he enabled David to prosper in war. This psalm, and its superscription, also appears in 1 Samuel 22 with some minor differences.

399PSA181xfk3writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

400PSA181ig1a0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship.

401PSA181vm1x0A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

402PSA181p2da0he sang to Yahweh the words of this song

he sang this song to Yahweh

403PSA181rhv30on the day that Yahweh rescued him

after Yahweh had rescued him

404PSA181hna8figs-metonymy0from the hand of Saul
405PSA182tcf6figs-metaphor0Yahweh is my rock
406PSA182bmi2figs-doublet0my rock, my fortress
407PSA182v8xzfigs-metaphor0take refuge in him
408PSA182k49nfigs-metaphor0my shield, the horn of my salvation, and my stronghold
409PSA183d5g10I will be saved from my enemies

I will be rescued from my enemies

410PSA184fsd4figs-metaphor0The cords of death surrounded me
411PSA184m5rxfigs-metaphor0rushing waters of worthlessness
412PSA185e9l1figs-personification0The cords of Sheol surrounded me; the snares of death trapped me
413PSA186s7210In my distress
414PSA186jr71figs-personification0my call for help went into his presence
415PSA186fs4gfigs-parallelism0it went into his ears
416PSA187dal8figs-metaphor0Then the earth ... shaken because God was angry
417PSA187xka3figs-doublet0the earth shook and trembled
418PSA187svs2figs-activepassive0the foundations of the mountains also trembled and were shaken
419PSA188al4ifigs-metaphor0Smoke went up from out of his nostrils ... Coals were ignited by it

David speaks of Yahweh as if he were breathing fire. This is a picture of how angry God was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

420PSA188zsk4figs-activepassive0blazing fire came out of his mouth. Coals were ignited by it
421PSA189fkd80He opened
422PSA189aw5efigs-personification0thick darkness was under his feet
423PSA1810wt4lfigs-personification0wings of the wind

Here the Psalmist speaks of the wind as if it had wings like an angel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

424PSA1811a2gi0He made darkness ... him
425PSA1811edg2figs-metaphor0He made darkness a tent
426PSA1811jnx80heavy rainclouds
427PSA1812t3xj0Hailstones

stones made of ice

428PSA1813dn6afigs-simile0Yahweh thundered in the heavens

Yahweh's voice sounded like thunder. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

429PSA1813dvy30the Most High
430PSA1814cw24figs-parallelism0He shot his arrows and scattered his enemies ... lightning bolts dispersed them

Both of these clauses have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

431PSA1814h2p3figs-metaphor0He shot his arrows and scattered his enemies

Here lighting strikes are being spoken of as if they were arrows (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

432PSA1814p7tz0dispersed them

sent them in different directions

433PSA1815b39a0General Information:

The writer continues to speak of Yaweh's great power.

434PSA1815jfu2figs-parallelism0Then the water channels appeared; the foundations of the world were laid bare
435PSA1815a125figs-personification0at the blast of the breath of your nostrils

Though God does not have human physical characteristics as described here, this pictures his mighty strength. The wind is spoken of here as if it came as a mighty blast from God's nostrils. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

436PSA1816m4pi0He reached down ... he took hold ... He pulled me
437PSA1816kef1figs-metaphor0surging water

Here the Psalmist speaks of the dangers of his enemies as if they were huge waves or forceful waters, from which Yahweh has rescued him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

438PSA1818eej10They came against me
439PSA1818s1skfigs-abstractnouns0They came against me on the day of my distress but Yahweh was my support
440PSA1820a3vxfigs-metonymy0my hands were clean
441PSA1821y3m6figs-metaphor0I have kept the ways of Yahweh
442PSA1821tu8afigs-metaphor0have not wickedly turned away from my God
443PSA1822t97sfigs-parallelism0For all his righteous decrees ... I have not turned away from them

Both of these clauses have similar meanings. The writer repeats these ideas for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

444PSA1822gtv30have been before me
445PSA1823gug90innocent before him

innocent according to him

446PSA1823gz4q0I have kept myself from sin

I have not sinned

447PSA1824tu18figs-metonymy0my hands were clean
448PSA1824t3btfigs-synecdoche0before his eyes
449PSA1825tb5y0General Information:

The writer speaks to Yahweh.

450PSA1825h851figs-explicit0To the one who is faithful
451PSA1826cn7t0you are clever toward anyone who is twisted

you outwit anyone who is not honest

452PSA1827v6yq0you bring down

you humiliate

453PSA1827w4jifigs-idiom0with proud, uplifted eyes
454PSA1828w4pifigs-metaphor0For you give light to my lamp; Yahweh my God lights up my darkness

The writer speaks of Yahweh's presence as if he were a light. These clauses have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

455PSA1829jv310For by you I can run over a barricade

For with your help I can cross any obstacle

456PSA1830v53yfigs-metaphor0He is a shield to everyone who takes refuge in him
457PSA1831d8xyfigs-rquestion0For who is God except Yahweh? Who is a rock except our God?
458PSA1831xn5ifigs-metaphor0a rock

David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a rock that he could climb to get away from his enemies. See how you translated this in Psalms 18:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

459PSA1832w9effigs-simile0puts strength on me like a belt

God gives strength to David as if it were a piece of clothing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

460PSA1832z4kafigs-metaphor0places the blameless person on his path
461PSA1833w92yfigs-synecdoche0makes my feet swift
462PSA1833g696figs-simile0like a deer and places me on the heights

The deer is especially quick and stable in the mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

463PSA1834q1v4figs-synecdoche0He trains my hands
464PSA1834tq4kfigs-synecdoche0my arms
465PSA1835juz2figs-metaphor0the shield of your salvation
466PSA1835x6rmfigs-metonymy0Your right hand has supported me
467PSA1835yr5ffigs-metonymy0your favor has made me great
468PSA1836ui92figs-metaphor0a wide place for my feet beneath me
469PSA1836qhq7figs-synecdoche0my feet have not slipped
470PSA1838v6380I smashed them
471PSA1838z8w80unable to rise

unable to stand

472PSA1838af9qfigs-idiom0they have fallen under my feet
473PSA1839t3xrfigs-simile0put strength on me like a belt

The Psalmist says that Yahweh has given him strength that surrounds and supports him like a belt. See how you translated this in Psalms 18:32. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

474PSA1839xyh3figs-idiom0you put under me
475PSA1839xyp2figs-idiom0those who rise up against me
476PSA1840h5yvfigs-metonymy0You gave me the back of my enemies' necks
477PSA1840m3txfigs-metonymy0You gave me the back of my enemies' necks

This represents God giving David victory over his enemies. Possible images are 1) David could cut his enemies' heads off at the neck or 2) David could put his foot down on his enemies' necks or 3) David could see his enemies' backs when they ran away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

478PSA1840gp8b0I annihilated those who hated me
479PSA1841whl5figs-idiom0but he did not answer them
480PSA1842tjm8figs-simile0I beat them into fine pieces like dust before the wind

The psalmists enemies are compared to dust to show how defeated they are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

481PSA1842vu6ffigs-simile0I threw them out like mud in the streets

The psalmist's enemies are compared to mud in the streets to show how defeated they are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

482PSA1843t95d0disputes

disagreements, arguments

483PSA1843i9s6figs-metonymy0have made me the head over nations
484PSA1844c7dvfigs-activepassive0foreigners were forced to bow
485PSA1845t4ucfigs-explicit0foreigners came trembling
486PSA1846w5z5figs-activepassive0may my rock be praised
487PSA1846mv1zfigs-metaphor0my rock

Here the writer speaks of Yahweh's protection as if he were a rock that prevented his enemies from reaching him. See how you translated this in Psalms 18:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

488PSA1846h9eyfigs-activepassive0May the God of my salvation be exalted
489PSA1846xf2hfigs-abstractnouns0the God of my salvation
490PSA1847v7abfigs-abstractnouns0the God who executes vengeance for me
491PSA1848l9y3figs-activepassive0I am set free
492PSA1848z54bfigs-metaphor0you lifted me above
493PSA1848k73f0who rose against me
494PSA1848inl30violent men
495PSA1849f8x9figs-explicit0among the nations
496PSA1849qvh1figs-metonymy0to your name
497PSA1850ggt6figs-123person0victory to his king
498PSA1850sw5u0he shows his covenant loyalty to his anointed one ... to his descendants forever

he faithfully loves me as he promised in his covenant, and he will love my descendants forever

499PSA19introsn290

Psalm 019 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 19 is a praise psalm, praising God for his creation and for his law.

Special concepts in this chapter

God's law

God's law keeps people from sinning. There are two distinct themes in this psalm. Verses 1-6 are God's glory in the heavens and the second is praising God for his law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])

500PSA191s9h1writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

501PSA191j4zh0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship.

502PSA191mn6q0The heavens declare
503PSA191iz5qfigs-personification0the skies make his handiwork known
504PSA191a8iy0his handiwork
505PSA192c72hfigs-personification0speech pours out
506PSA193lmv70There is no speech or spoken words; their voice is not heard
507PSA193pa4x0their voice is not heard
508PSA194w3s60General Information:

David has just said that creation shows God's glory.

509PSA194c2us0their words ... their speech
510PSA194r4zjfigs-personification0their words go out
511PSA194kf9hfigs-ellipsis0their speech to the end of the world
512PSA194bdz7figs-metaphor0He has pitched a tent for the sun
513PSA194n1770among them
514PSA195s244figs-simile0The sun is like a bridegroom coming out of his chamber
515PSA195xes3figs-simile0like a strong man who rejoices when he runs his race

This compares the sun to an athlete to emphasize the strength and brightness of the sun. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

516PSA195l7b80a strong man

a fast runner

517PSA196tah20horizon

the line where the earth and the sky meet

518PSA196wz8hfigs-explicit0to the other
519PSA196unx8figs-doublenegatives0nothing escapes its heat
520PSA197z9pgfigs-synecdoche0restoring the soul
521PSA197a7890the simple
522PSA198spr1figs-synecdoche0the heart
523PSA198nuk10are right
524PSA198t8c50bringing light to the eyes
525PSA199xac80altogether right

completely right

526PSA1910x983figs-metaphor0They are of greater value than gold ... they are sweeter than honey
527PSA1910e6s3figs-ellipsis0even more than much fine gold
528PSA1910k6x40fine gold
529PSA1911y6a90Yes
530PSA1911s1f4figs-activepassive0by them your servant is warned
531PSA1911e73b0by them ... in obeying them
532PSA1911nk1kfigs-123person0your servant is warned
533PSA1912uj5efigs-rquestion0Who can discern all his own errors?
534PSA1912gsx90from hidden faults

from secret mistakes I have made

535PSA1913j82ufigs-idiom0Keep your servant also from
536PSA1913z1ttfigs-123person0your servant
537PSA1913b3bdfigs-personification0let them not rule over me
538PSA1913axe20innocent from many transgressions
539PSA1914l16rfigs-metonymy0the words of my mouth and the thoughts of my heart
540PSA1914t28d0be acceptable in your sight
541PSA1914bu1wfigs-metaphor0in your sight
542PSA1914vn8kfigs-metaphor0Yahweh, my rock
543PSA20introh99t0

Psalm 020 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 20 is a royal psalm. It is probably a prayer for the king, perhaps when he first became king.

Special concepts in this chapter

Trust

Trusting God is much better than trusting in military might. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])

544PSA201v6plwriting-poetry0General Information:

This Psalm begins with a group of people speaking to the king of Israel. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

545PSA201h9gw0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship

546PSA201vrb50help you
547PSA201pt3b0in the day of trouble
548PSA201dp3kfigs-metonymy0may the name of the God of Jacob protect you
549PSA202b9ekfigs-metaphor0send help from the holy place
550PSA202y51hfigs-doublet0holy place ... Zion

Both of these refer to God's temple in Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

551PSA203yz44figs-idiom0May he call to mind
552PSA203kyh30May he
553PSA204r6y30May he grant

May he give

554PSA204wht8figs-synecdoche0your heart's desire
555PSA204u619figs-abstractnouns0fulfill all your plans
556PSA205h4h3figs-exclusive0we will rejoice in your victory
557PSA205bw3jfigs-metonymy0in the name of our God
558PSA205p9n1translate-symaction0we will raise banners
559PSA205k3dy0grant all your petitions

give you everything you request from him

560PSA206zm9a0Now

This word is used here to mark a break in the psalm. It transitions from the people speaking to the king speaking.

561PSA206nu7b0I know
562PSA206d8xzfigs-123person0his anointed one ... answer him ... rescue him
563PSA206bd3g0from his holy heaven

God dwells in heaven as well as in the temple in Jerusalem (Psalms 20:2).

564PSA206xcm6figs-metonymy0with the strength of his right hand that can rescue him
565PSA207f9cdfigs-metonymy0Some trust in chariots and others in horses
566PSA207xr24figs-ellipsis0others in horses
567PSA207mwu6figs-inclusive0we call
568PSA208e7uqfigs-inclusive0we will rise
569PSA208q1tpfigs-activepassive0They will be brought down and fall
570PSA208g7uvfigs-doublet0brought down and fall

Both these verbs mean basically the same thing. Both of these stand for losing in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

571PSA208y7lrfigs-doublet0we will rise and stand upright
572PSA209c5i40Yahweh, rescue the king

Possible interpretations are 1) the people ask God to protect the king or 2) the king continues to speak about himself in the third person.

573PSA209brk50the king; help us when we call
574PSA21intromq8x0

Psalm 021 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 21 is a royal psalm. The king is praying for victory. Victory in war comes from the power and help from God.

Special concepts in this chapter

Pronouns

There is a shift in pronouns in this psalm. In verses 1-6 the psalm addresses Yahweh in second person but in verse 7 the psalmist uses third person before moving back to second person in the latter part.

575PSA211k12kwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

576PSA211h69b0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship.

577PSA211bt8s0in your strength, Yahweh
578PSA211bka20How greatly he rejoices

He rejoices greatly

579PSA211r5ndfigs-explicit0in the salvation you provide
580PSA212cey2figs-synecdoche0his heart's desire
581PSA212gez6figs-doublenegatives0have not held back
582PSA212f8dhfigs-synecdoche0the request of his lips
583PSA213q3tsfigs-abstractnouns0you bring him rich blessings
584PSA213px6ptranslate-symaction0you placed on his head a crown of purest gold

To place a crown on a person's head is a symbol of making him a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

585PSA213za3g0a crown of purest gold
586PSA214yzs5figs-abstractnouns0He asked you for life; you gave it to him
587PSA214y4mlfigs-idiom0the length of his days forever and ever
588PSA215i6i40His glory
589PSA215k3gtfigs-metaphor0you have bestowed on him splendor and majesty
590PSA216w2zk0you grant him
591PSA216rf4f0lasting blessings
592PSA216v3m20the joy of your presence
593PSA217mbf3figs-abstractnouns0through the covenant faithfulness of the Most High
594PSA217j1ghfigs-activepassive0he will not be moved
595PSA218w7ckfigs-metonymy0Your hand will seize
596PSA218irz40Your hand ... hate you
597PSA218yew7figs-parallelism0your right hand will seize those who hate you

This means the same thing as the first part of the sentence. It emphasizes that God will give the king the power to stop his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

598PSA219lmc90At the time of your anger

When you are angry and begin to act

599PSA219hhy30your anger ... you will burn
600PSA219xdq2figs-metaphor0you will burn them up as in a fiery furnace

Yahweh or the king destroying their enemies is spoken of as if their enemies are wood and Yahweh or the king will throw them into a furnace. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

601PSA219fc6dfigs-parallelism0Yahweh will consume them in his wrath, and the fire will devour them

Both clauses mean basically the same thing. Yahweh completely destroying his enemies is spoken of as if his wrath is a fire that completely burns up his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

602PSA2110wsu50You will destroy
603PSA2110i3zyfigs-parallelism0from the earth ... from among the human race

Both phrases mean the same thing. They emphasize that absolutely none of their enemies will survive. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

604PSA2111fhu80they intended
605PSA2111z63c0evil against you

to do evil things to you

606PSA2111h29d0they conceived a plot
607PSA2112bsd1figs-metaphor0For you will turn them back; you will draw your bow before them
608PSA2112ti25figs-idiom0you will turn them back

This is a way of saying that God and the king will defeat their enemies in battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

609PSA2112ge87figs-explicit0you will draw your bow before them

This implies that he actually shoots his arrows at his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

610PSA2113aul70Be exalted, Yahweh, in your strength
611PSA2113w52bfigs-doublet0we will sing and praise your power
612PSA22introy7hl0

Psalm 022 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 22 is a messianic psalm. It contains references to events during the crucifixion of Christ. It is also a psalm of individual lament and praise. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/crucify]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Messiah

Christ was despised and taunted by his enemies; but finally people all over the earth will bow down to him.

New Testament usage

This psalm is quoted in different places in the New Testament. Verse 1a is cited in Matthew 27:46 and Mark 15:34 as the words of Christ on the cross. Many of the events in the narratives of the crucifixion are mentioned in this psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/cross]])

613PSA221lw3lwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

614PSA221k9510For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship

615PSA221ux160The rhythm of the deer

This may refer to a style of music.

616PSA221smt90My God, my God
617PSA221a733figs-rquestion0my God, why have you abandoned me?
618PSA221z48u0you abandoned me

you left me all alone

619PSA221fnk8figs-rquestion0Why are you so far from saving me and far from the words of my anguish?
620PSA221y7ecfigs-metaphor0far from the words of my anguish
621PSA222dzu2figs-merism0in the daytime ... at night
622PSA222j5c4figs-litotes0I am not silent
623PSA223zle3figs-metaphor0you sit as king with the praises of Israel
624PSA223viy1figs-metonymy0of Israel
625PSA225u4pdfigs-activepassive0were not disappointed
626PSA225vjq8figs-doublenegatives0were not disappointed
627PSA226m3yzfigs-metaphor0I am a worm and not a man
628PSA226xml4figs-parallelism0disgrace to humanity and despised by the people
629PSA227gq6vfigs-parallelism0taunt me; they mock me; they shake their heads at me

These three phrases share similar meanings and emphasize how much people disrespect him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

630PSA227nu8jtranslate-symaction0they shake their heads at me

This describes an action used to mock someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

631PSA228v7tafigs-irony0He trusts in Yahweh ... delights in him

The people are saying this to mock the writer. They do not really believe Yahweh will rescue him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])

632PSA228ip8x0Let him rescue him

Let Yahweh rescue him

633PSA228h2ys0for he delights in him
634PSA229lz9afigs-explicit0For you
635PSA229g6i1figs-idiom0you brought me from the womb
636PSA229h37nfigs-idiom0when I was on my mother's breasts
637PSA2210ua28figs-idiom0I have been thrown on you from the womb
638PSA2210qi4nfigs-explicit0you are my God
639PSA2210bd6c0since I was in my mother's womb

since before I was born

640PSA2211tz1yfigs-litotes0Do not be far away from me
641PSA2211mc7wfigs-metaphor0for trouble is near
642PSA2211sub20there is no one to help

there is no helper

643PSA2212e14pfigs-metaphor0Many bulls surround me; strong bulls of Bashan surround me
644PSA2213tfu9figs-metaphor0They open their mouths wide against me

The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were lions with the mouths open ready to eat him. His enemies may be speaking lies to discredit him. Or they may be threatening him and attacking him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

645PSA2213qv8ifigs-simile0like a roaring lion ripping its victim

The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were lions. This emphasizes how powerful and dangerous his enemies are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

646PSA2214q64mfigs-activepassive0I am being poured out like water
647PSA2214d2h5figs-simile0I am being poured out like water

The writer speaks about feeling completely exhausted and weak as if he were water being poured out of a jar. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

648PSA2214pjf3figs-metaphor0all my bones are dislocated
649PSA2214ws5lfigs-simile0My heart is like wax ... inner parts
650PSA2214y32r0wax

a soft substance that melts at a relatively low temperature

651PSA2214k6ki0within my inner parts

inside of me

652PSA2215fpb6figs-simile0My strength has dried up like a piece of pottery

The writer speaks about feeling weak as if his strength were like a dry piece of pottery that can easily break. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

653PSA2215w7be0piece of pottery

an object made of baked clay that can be used in the house

654PSA2215g95xfigs-metaphor0my tongue sticks to the roof of my mouth
655PSA2215z793figs-metaphor0You have laid me in the dust of death
656PSA2215m487figs-you0You have laid me
657PSA2216un7ffigs-metaphor0dogs have surrounded me
658PSA2216np5i0a company of evildoers
659PSA2216i2n10encircled

stood in a circle

660PSA2216x42cfigs-metaphor0they have pierced my hands and my feet

This continues the dog metaphor. The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs that are biting and piercing his hands and feet with their teeth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

661PSA2216ai5d0pierced

stabbed through something with a sharp object

662PSA2217est5figs-metaphor0I can count all my bones
663PSA2217ce23figs-doublet0look and stare at me
664PSA2218fb7u0my garments

my clothes

665PSA2219v12tfigs-litotes0Do not be far away
666PSA2219y71kfigs-metonymy0my strength
667PSA2220ly82figs-synecdoche0Rescue my soul
668PSA2220a8wkfigs-metonymy0the sword
669PSA2220li5b0my only life
670PSA2220a1qvfigs-metaphor0claws of wild dogs

The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were dogs to emphasize how dangerous his enemies are. Also, the claws stand for the animals as a whole in a synecdoche. The writer emphasizes this part of the animal because it is what the animals would use to kill someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

671PSA2220h8vu0wild dogs
672PSA2221vl96figs-metaphor0lion's mouth ... horns of the wild oxen

The writer speaks about his enemies as if they were lions and wild oxen to emphasize how dangerous his enemies are. Also, the mouth and horns stand for the animals as a whole in a synecdoche. The writer emphasizes these parts of the animals because they are what the animals would use to kill someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

673PSA2221wgw60wild oxen
674PSA2222vq9vfigs-metonymy0I will declare your name
675PSA2222k6ii0my brothers
676PSA2222t5p80in the midst of the assembly
677PSA2223wl3vfigs-you0You who fear
678PSA2223yc8lfigs-parallelism0you descendants of Jacob ... you descendants of Israel

Both of these refer to the same group of people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

679PSA2223rs9u0Stand in awe of him
680PSA2224t6pw0he has not despised or abhorred the suffering of the afflicted one

Possible meanings are 1) he has not despised the afflicted one because he is suffering or 2) he has not belittled the suffering of the afflicted one

681PSA2224q54xfigs-doublet0despised or abhorred

These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize that God has not forgotten the one who is afflicted and suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

682PSA2224w7tf0despised

strongly disliked or hated

683PSA2224h5t5figs-metonymy0he has not ... abhorred the suffering of the afflicted one
684PSA2224y2dqfigs-genericnoun0the suffering of the afflicted one ... from him ... the afflicted one cried
685PSA2224r4zyfigs-metaphor0has not hidden his face from him
686PSA2224fci1figs-explicit0he heard
687PSA2225q298figs-you0because of you
688PSA2225w4nyfigs-explicit0I will fulfill my vows

This refers to sacrifices the writer promised to offer to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

689PSA2225zq18figs-123person0before those who fear him
690PSA2226fhl9figs-explicit0The oppressed will eat and be satisfied

This refers to the fellowship meal which occurs after the writer offers to God the sacrifices that he promised. He will invite those who were suffering to eat a part of the animal he sacrificed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

691PSA2226jvb2figs-metaphor0those who seek Yahweh

Those who want to know Yahweh and please him are spoken of as if they are literally seeking to find Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

692PSA2226x7ysfigs-synecdoche0May your hearts live forever
693PSA2226lv3ffigs-you0May your hearts
694PSA2227sti4figs-metaphor0will remember and turn to Yahweh
695PSA2227s5k2figs-parallelism0all the families of the nations will bow down before you

This means the same thing as the first part of the sentence. The writer is emphasizing that everyone from every place will worship and obey Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

696PSA2227ves3translate-symaction0will bow down before you

This is a sign of giving honor and respect to someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

697PSA2227n554figs-you0before you
698PSA2228yp9rfigs-metonymy0For the kingdom is Yahweh's
699PSA2228y3znfigs-metonymy0he is the ruler over the nations
700PSA2229pb3y0will feast
701PSA2229b7d2figs-parallelism0all those who are descending into the dust ... those who cannot preserve their own lives

Both phrases refers to the same group. They both refer to all people because all people will die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

702PSA2229fkt1figs-metonymy0those who are descending into the dust
703PSA2229wbb70those who cannot preserve their own lives
704PSA2230tak2figs-metonymy0A generation to come
705PSA2230l73kfigs-metonymy0the next generation
706PSA2230j95t0of the Lord
707PSA2231lt28figs-abstractnouns0tell of his righteousness
708PSA23intror1f60

Psalm 023 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 23 is a psalm of praise to God for his continued care and protection. The psalmist praises God for always being with him and for caring for him.

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Metaphor

Psalm 23 is an extended metaphor speaking of God as if he were a shepherd, and of the psalmist as if he were a sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

709PSA231h1x8writing-poetry0General Information:

In much of this psalm, David writes as if he were a sheep and the Lord were his shepherd. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])

710PSA231t39nfigs-metaphor0Yahweh is my shepherd
711PSA231gb7qfigs-litotes0I will lack nothing
712PSA232ez87figs-metaphor0He makes me to lie down in green pastures
713PSA232p2p4figs-metaphor0he leads me beside tranquil water
714PSA232l7sx0tranquil water
715PSA233jdm7figs-exmetaphor0General Information:

This psalm continues to tell about how God cares for us as a shepherd cares for his sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])

716PSA233ic3m0He brings back my life

This means God makes a person who is weak and tired to be strong and rested again.

717PSA233nx5dfigs-metaphor0he guides me along right paths
718PSA233ta7yfigs-metonymy0for his name's sake
719PSA234a7b6figs-exmetaphor0General Information:

This psalm continues to tell about how God cares for us as a shepherd cares for his sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])

720PSA234fi66figs-metaphor0Even though I walk through a valley of darkest shadow
721PSA234me3cfigs-abstractnouns0I will not fear harm
722PSA234hqa2figs-you0you are with me
723PSA234yre6figs-metonymy0your rod and your staff comfort me
724PSA235ksk5figs-exmetaphor0General Information:

Now the writer tells how God is like someone who welcomes a guest into his home and protects him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exmetaphor]])

725PSA235nqn4figs-metonymy0You prepare a table

A table represents a feast because people would put all the food on a table. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

726PSA235b3bs0in the presence of my enemies
727PSA235hh1r0anointed my head with oil

People sometimes put oil on their guests' heads in order to honor them.

728PSA235w1iwfigs-idiom0my cup runs over
729PSA236y8zcfigs-metaphor0Surely goodness and covenant faithfulness will pursue me
730PSA236ep2gfigs-abstractnouns0all the days of my life
731PSA236u2bl0the house of Yahweh

Possible meanings are that 1) this refers to Yahweh's eternal home, or 2) this refers to Yahweh's temple in Jerusalem. If possible, translate it so that both meanings could be understood.

732PSA236u53mfigs-idiom0for the length of my days
733PSA24introcw5j0

Psalm 024 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 24 is a psalm of praise to God as the almighty God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/almighty]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Righteous people

Only the righteous come to worship God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Rhetorical Questions

The psalmists uses several rhetorical questions. Each question forms a unit with a response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

734PSA241nne9writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

735PSA241hma5figs-abstractnouns0its fullness
736PSA242v6ltfigs-parallelism0For he has founded it upon the seas and established it on the rivers
737PSA242d2bq0the seas ... the rivers

These phrases are used together to refer to the huge deep ocean below the earth.

738PSA242h6kl0on the rivers

the water that is deep below

739PSA243e3yafigs-parallelism0Who will ascend the mountain ... in his holy place?

Both of these questions mean basically the same thing. The speaker is asking about who is allowed to go and worship Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

740PSA243bda30will ascend
741PSA243mz8v0the mountain of Yahweh

This refers to Mount Zion in Jerusalem.

742PSA243vj270his holy place

This refers Yahweh's temple. His temple is on Mount Zion in Jerusalem.

743PSA244g1lmfigs-genericnoun0He who has ... who has ... and has not
744PSA244vsk8figs-metonymy0who has clean hands
745PSA244ikc9figs-metonymy0a pure heart
746PSA244u76efigs-metonymy0who has not lifted up a falsehood
747PSA245z3wjfigs-genericnoun0He will receive a blessing from Yahweh
748PSA245bc4ffigs-abstractnouns0righteousness from the God of his salvation
749PSA246n5ajfigs-metonymy0Such is the generation of those who seek him
750PSA246h9nqfigs-parallelism0those who seek him, those who seek the face of the God of Jacob
751PSA246fbc7figs-metaphor0those who seek him

Going to the temple to worship Yahweh is spoken of as if the person is literally seeking to find him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

752PSA246tsi7figs-synecdoche0the face of the God of Jacob
753PSA247yi4rfigs-parallelism0Lift up your heads, you gates; be lifted up, everlasting doors
754PSA247z61afigs-synecdoche0Lift up your heads
755PSA248bp2efigs-metaphor0Yahweh, strong and mighty; Yahweh, mighty in battle

The writer speaks about Yahweh as if he were a mighty warrior who fights in battles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

756PSA249hl69figs-parallelism0Lift up your heads, you gates; be lifted up, everlasting doors
757PSA249fk49figs-synecdoche0Lift up your heads
758PSA25introutp40

Psalm 025 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 25 is a prayer for God's help.

Special concepts in this chapter

The humble

God is very good to humble people who seek to obey him.

759PSA251sq2mwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

760PSA251z3lsfigs-metaphor0I lift up my life
761PSA252m2b6figs-activepassive0Do not let me be humiliated
762PSA252ff1tfigs-idiom0rejoice triumphantly over me
763PSA253jw7yfigs-explicit0May no one who hopes in you be disgraced
764PSA253haz80who hopes in you

who trusts you

765PSA253r1zd0act treacherously
766PSA253le6f0without cause

without a reason

767PSA254a1rgfigs-parallelism0Make known to me your ways, Yahweh; teach me your paths

Both statements mean the same thing. God teaching a person how they should behave is spoken of as if he were showing a person the correct path on which a person should travel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

768PSA255ji5y0I hope in you
769PSA255t3bwfigs-doublet0Guide me into your truth and teach me
770PSA255zz1yfigs-abstractnouns0the God of my salvation
771PSA256f922figs-idiom0Call to mind
772PSA256uw7bfigs-abstractnouns0your acts of compassion and of covenant faithfulness
773PSA256y7a2figs-personification0for they have always existed
774PSA257ym66figs-abstractnouns0Do not think about the sins of my youth
775PSA257ayg8figs-abstractnouns0or my rebelliousness
776PSA257rmx6figs-idiom0Call me to mind
777PSA257dzp2figs-abstractnouns0with covenant faithfulness because of your goodness
778PSA258fe3cfigs-metaphor0the way

How God wants a person to behave is spoken of as if it were a way or path on which a person travels. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

779PSA259sd77figs-nominaladj0the humble
780PSA259g5rhfigs-metaphor0his way

How God wants a person to behave is spoken of as if it were a way or path on which a person travels. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

781PSA2510y1cefigs-metaphor0All the paths of Yahweh are steadfast love and faithfulness
782PSA2511i29ufigs-metonymy0For your name's sake
783PSA2511zdw5figs-abstractnouns0pardon my sin, for it is great
784PSA2512uen3figs-rquestion0Who is the man who fears Yahweh?
785PSA2512r5ggfigs-genericnoun0is the man who fears ... instruct him ... he should
786PSA2512e57lfigs-metaphor0The Lord will instruct him in the way that he should choose

Yahweh teaching people how they should behave is spoken of as if Yahweh were teaching the people what way or path they should travel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

787PSA2513vwm7figs-genericnoun0His life ... his descendants
788PSA2513f8pb0His life will go along in goodness
789PSA2514m7sj0The friendship of Yahweh is for those
790PSA2515utj9figs-metonymy0My eyes are always on Yahweh
791PSA2515mb6afigs-metaphor0for he will free my feet from the net
792PSA2516jm85figs-metaphor0Turn toward me

Yahweh paying attention to a person and considering him is spoken of as if Yahweh were physically turning towards the person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

793PSA2517lu85figs-metonymy0The troubles of my heart are enlarged
794PSA2517t6l8figs-metaphor0draw me out from my distress
795PSA2517px9ifigs-abstractnouns0my distress
796PSA2518gp570See my affliction

Notice my affliction

797PSA2518kwp4figs-abstractnouns0my affliction
798PSA2518my25figs-abstractnouns0my toils
799PSA2519it1s0they hate me with cruel hatred
800PSA2520zk7efigs-activepassive0do not let me be humiliated
801PSA2520y36bfigs-metaphor0take refuge in you!
802PSA2521b36jfigs-personification0May integrity and uprightness preserve me
803PSA2521d4fj0preserve me

keep me safe

804PSA2522vj9z0Rescue Israel
805PSA2522msf4figs-metonymy0Israel ... his troubles
806PSA26introq9dz0

Psalm 026 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 26 is a teaching psalm; showing people how they should live by the example of the psalmsist.

Special concepts in this chapter

Praise

The psalmist delights in praising God and doing good deeds. It is striking how this psalm uses the first person pronoun. This is an individual psalm of petition. Each of the four petitions are accompanied with various claims. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])

807PSA261h9z4writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

808PSA261b9cqfigs-metaphor0I have walked
809PSA261am7ufigs-123person0in Yahweh
810PSA261a4v9figs-metaphor0without wavering
811PSA262zxg50Examine me

Try me

812PSA262iqe7figs-doublet0test the purity of my inner parts and my heart
813PSA263qc7gfigs-metaphor0For your covenant faithfulness is before my eyes
814PSA263am2gfigs-metaphor0I walk about in your faithfulness
815PSA264b17j0I do not associate with
816PSA264j2s70with deceitful people

with those who deceive others

817PSA264u6k2figs-parallelism0nor do I mingle with dishonest people
818PSA264t3xy0dishonest people
819PSA265hc110the assembly of evildoers

those who gather to do evil

820PSA265ees1figs-nominaladj0the wicked
821PSA266idg7translate-symaction0I wash my hands in innocence

This seems to refer to a ritual washing of hands in water to symbolize freedom from sin and guilt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

822PSA266u7rx0I go around your altar

This was an action of worship that the Israelites were accustomed to doing.

823PSA268ywm80the house where you live

Possible meanings are 1) if a person wrote this after the time of David, then the writer is referring to the temple in Jerusalem or 2) if David wrote this, then this refers to the tent that God told his people to set up so that they could worship him there.

824PSA268adz5figs-metonymy0the place where your glory lives
825PSA269k89ifigs-metaphor0Do not sweep me away with sinners
826PSA269gb7wfigs-ellipsis0or my life
827PSA269dsi8figs-metonymy0people who are bloodthirsty
828PSA2610gku4figs-synecdoche0in whose hands
829PSA2610g7rx0a plot

a wicked plan

830PSA2611qm5d0But as for me

This phrase shows that the writer is changing from speaking about wicked people to talking about himself.

831PSA2611vu5mfigs-metaphor0I will walk in integrity
832PSA2612xe4nfigs-synecdoche0My foot stands
833PSA2612apj3figs-metaphor0level ground
834PSA2612p8c60in the assemblies will I bless Yahweh

when I gather with the people of Israel I will praise you

835PSA27introru1e0

Psalm 027 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 27 is a psalm of praise to God because God keeps the psalmist safe from all his enemies.

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's help

Because of God's help, he has nothing to fear, no matter what happens. The psalmist shows his confidence in God; he also asks God for help.

836PSA271cx3fwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

837PSA271pgd5figs-metonymy0Yahweh is my light
838PSA271f2iufigs-rquestion0whom should I fear?
839PSA271gdw7figs-metaphor0Yahweh is my life's refuge
840PSA271b7ymfigs-rquestion0whom should I dread?
841PSA272b8tafigs-metaphor0to devour my flesh
842PSA272afd9figs-doublet0my adversaries and my enemies

These words mean the same thing. These are the evildoers who came near to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

843PSA272gj21figs-metaphor0stumbled and fell
844PSA273a7hp0Though an army encamps against me
845PSA273nqv6figs-synecdoche0my heart will not fear
846PSA273bf9yfigs-metaphor0though war rises up against me
847PSA273z4880I will remain confident

I will continue to trust God to help me

848PSA274p5pc0have I asked of Yahweh

I have asked Yahweh to let me do

849PSA274vpq5figs-metaphor0I will seek that

A person really wanting something and continually asking God for it is spoken of as if he were seeking to find something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

850PSA274gb9gfigs-metaphor0to see the beauty of Yahweh
851PSA274c2a90to meditate in his temple
852PSA275cv9f0in the day of trouble
853PSA275vjd70he will hide me

he will protect me

854PSA275cc6rfigs-parallelism0his shelter ... his tent

Both of these refer to the tabernacle where the writer is worshiping God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

855PSA275mz3d0in the cover of his tent
856PSA275j6tufigs-metaphor0He will lift me high on a rock

God keeping the writer safe from his enemies is spoken of as if God were placing him on a high rock where his enemies cannot reach him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

857PSA276a3t2figs-metonymy0my head will be lifted up above my enemies
858PSA277p3lqfigs-metonymy0Hear, Yahweh, my voice
859PSA277q1evfigs-explicit0answer me
860PSA278jx52figs-metonymy0My heart says
861PSA278kc98figs-metaphor0Seek his face
862PSA278lv4rfigs-metaphor0I seek your face, Yahweh
863PSA279uv72figs-metonymy0Do not hide your face from me
864PSA279n49lfigs-123person0do not turn your servant away in anger
865PSA279p7vhfigs-doublet0forsake me or abandon me
866PSA279j546figs-ellipsis0or abandon me
867PSA279sm12figs-abstractnouns0God of my salvation
868PSA2710w897figs-hypo0Even if my father and my mother forsake me
869PSA2710n75n0Yahweh will take me in
870PSA2711z7b8figs-metaphor0Teach me your way
871PSA2711r72jfigs-metaphor0Lead me on a level path
872PSA2712gs3sfigs-abstractnouns0Do not give me up to the desires of my enemies
873PSA2712s7ryfigs-idiom0have risen up against me
874PSA2712ez4nfigs-metaphor0they breathe out violence
875PSA2713ts3jfigs-rquestion0What would have happened to me
876PSA2713c72lfigs-abstractnouns0the goodness of Yahweh
877PSA2713wld8figs-idiom0in the land of the living
878PSA2714g4pq0Wait for Yahweh ... Wait for Yahweh!

This verse may be 1) the writer speaking to himself or 2) the writer speaking to others or 3) someone speaking to the writer.

879PSA2714m8gsfigs-synecdoche0let your heart be courageous
880PSA2714yng10Wait for Yahweh!

This line is repeated at the end of the psalm as a way of ending the psalm.

881PSA28introa18t0

Psalm 028 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 28 is a psalm of prayer to God that he is not be punished along with the wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Trust

The psalmist trusted God completely and God rescued him. This is similar to psalm 7 and 17 because it is an individual lament psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])

882PSA281p6eawriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

883PSA281t7sd0I cry out

I call out loudly

884PSA281vx2cfigs-metaphor0my rock
885PSA281y82h0do not ignore me
886PSA281y255figs-metaphor0I will join those who go down to the grave
887PSA282i4h9figs-metonymy0Hear the sound of my pleading
888PSA282t7igtranslate-symaction0I lift up my hands toward your most holy place

Lifting up hands is a symbol of worship. The writer is not worshiping the holy place, but Yahweh who lives in the holy place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

889PSA282a92a0your most holy place

Possible meanings are 1) if David wrote this, then this refers to the tent that God told his people to set up so that they could worship him there, or 2) if a person wrote this after the time of David, then the writer is referring to the temple in Jerusalem.

890PSA283r4t6figs-metaphor0Do not drag me away
891PSA283y9zp0who speak peace with their neighbors
892PSA283y46gfigs-metonymy0but have evil in their hearts
893PSA284g3b9figs-parallelism0Give them what their deeds deserve ... repay them what their wickedness demands

These two phrases mean the same thing. They are used together to emphasize that they deserve for God to punish them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

894PSA284z39dfigs-metonymy0the work of their hands
895PSA284d21y0render to them their due

give them what they deserve

896PSA285vma70Because they do not understand ... never rebuild them

Possible meanings are 1) David is confident about what God will do to wicked people or 2) David is asking God to destroy the wicked people.

897PSA285b1cwfigs-explicit0they do not understand the deeds of Yahweh
898PSA285a757figs-metonymy0the work of his hands
899PSA285uqh3figs-metaphor0he will tear them down and never rebuild them

The punishment of the wicked people is spoken of as if they were a building or a city that God would destroy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

900PSA286jfr4figs-metonymy0he has heard the sound of my pleading
901PSA287g4nefigs-abstractnouns0Yahweh is my strength
902PSA287vh7hfigs-metaphor0my shield
903PSA287r9jpfigs-synecdoche0my heart trusts
904PSA287bl9lfigs-activepassive0I am helped
905PSA287uts5figs-synecdoche0my heart greatly rejoices
906PSA288pd6ufigs-abstractnouns0Yahweh is the strength of his people
907PSA288vd99figs-metaphor0he is the saving refuge of his anointed one
908PSA288yh2kfigs-metonymy0his anointed one

The represents the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

909PSA289at1afigs-metaphor0your inheritance
910PSA289e7e7figs-metaphor0Be their shepherd and carry them forever
911PSA29introb4tt0

Psalm 029 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 29 is a worship psalm. It tells how Yahweh rules all nature.

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's power

God is powerful. All he has to do is to speak in order to control nature.

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Metonymy

The voice of the Yahweh stands for Yahweh himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

912PSA291kq7ewriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

913PSA291bc7zfigs-idiom0you sons of God
914PSA291i354figs-abstractnouns0ascribe to Yahweh glory and strength
915PSA292yv1pfigs-abstractnouns0Ascribe to Yahweh the glory his name deserves
916PSA292rcj6figs-metonymy0his name deserves
917PSA292e4f6figs-explicit0Bow down to Yahweh
918PSA292da1bfigs-abstractnouns0in the splendor of holiness
919PSA293dml80General Information:

The psalm shows Yahweh's power and glory.

920PSA293t9g6figs-activepassive0The voice of Yahweh is heard over the waters
921PSA293z58f0over the waters

This refers to the seas or the oceans. These waters make a very loud noise as the waves rise and fall.

922PSA293u41cfigs-metonymy0The voice of Yahweh
923PSA293b7zkfigs-metaphor0the God of glory thunders
924PSA293srk70over many waters

over the large bodies of water

925PSA296s8av0Connecting Statement:

The writer continues describing the power of God's voice.

926PSA296kdn3figs-simile0He makes Lebanon skip like a calf
927PSA296y9uu0skip

jump lightly back and forth

928PSA296war4figs-ellipsis0Sirion like a young ox
929PSA296n725translate-names0Sirion

This is a mountain in Lebanon. It is also called Mount Hermon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

930PSA297wk16figs-metonymy0The voice of Yahweh sends out flames of fire
931PSA297rc8c0flames of fire

This refers to lightning.

932PSA299ht1nfigs-metonymy0The voice of Yahweh causes
933PSA299sqa70the oaks to twist

the large trees to shake

934PSA299f33qfigs-metaphor0strips the forests bare
935PSA2910mk7ufigs-metonymy0Yahweh sits as king
936PSA2910b6k60over the flood
937PSA2911vm7efigs-metonymy0Yahweh blesses his people with peace
938PSA30introeee30

Psalm 030 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 30 is a psalm of praise and thanksgiving to God. The psalmist was near death but God rescued him.

Special concepts in this chapter

The psalmist's death

If he had died, it would not have been a help to God. But since God rescued him he can praise God.

939PSA301iaj9writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

940PSA301e8py0a song at the dedication of the temple

This song was sung when the temple was dedicated

941PSA301ig1tfigs-metaphor0you have raised me up
942PSA303gel6figs-metonymy0brought up my soul from Sheol
943PSA303sw64figs-synecdoche0brought up my soul
944PSA303ryd7figs-metonymy0from going down to the grave
945PSA304jui4figs-abstractnouns0Give thanks when you remember his holiness
946PSA305n3pyfigs-abstractnouns0his anger is only for a moment
947PSA305ls29figs-metonymy0a moment
948PSA305zm7vfigs-abstractnouns0but his favor is for a lifetime
949PSA305vw11figs-metaphor0Weeping comes for a night, but joy comes in the morning
950PSA306v3a5figs-abstractnouns0In confidence
951PSA306p1klfigs-metaphor0I will never be shaken
952PSA307d155figs-abstractnouns0by your favor
953PSA307m53dfigs-metaphor0you established me as a strong mountain
954PSA307q4ukfigs-idiom0when you hid your face
955PSA307y2rt0I was troubled
956PSA308m69pfigs-metaphor0sought favor from my Lord
957PSA308n1hsfigs-123person0from my Lord
958PSA309npv8figs-rquestion0What advantage is there in my death, if I go down to the grave?
959PSA309h9v9figs-rquestion0Will the dust praise you? Will it declare your trustworthiness?
960PSA309ds6cfigs-metonymy0the dust
961PSA3011fh4qfigs-abstractnouns0You have turned my mourning into dancing
962PSA3011y5wjfigs-metonymy0you have removed my sackcloth
963PSA3011l9jmfigs-metaphor0clothed me with gladness
964PSA3012b717figs-synecdoche0my glory will sing praise to you
965PSA31introj2an0

Psalm 031 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 31 is a psalm of deliverance. The psalmist's enemies thought they had defeated him, but God protected him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Abandonment

Even though everyone deserted and despised the psalmist, God did not abandon him.

966PSA311ggk4writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

967PSA311yu4y0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship

968PSA311fs4ifigs-metaphor0In you, Yahweh, I take refuge
969PSA311f8jwfigs-activepassive0never let me be humiliated
970PSA312x6bwfigs-parallelism0be my rock of refuge, a stronghold to save me
971PSA312tq1efigs-metaphor0my rock of refuge
972PSA312p9xbfigs-metaphor0a stronghold to save me

Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a strong fortress in which the writer would be protected from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

973PSA313m5q1figs-metaphor0my rock
974PSA313d9h8figs-metaphor0my fortress

Yahweh is spoken of as if he were a strong fortress in which the writer would be protected from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

975PSA313kti8figs-metonymy0for your name's sake
976PSA313nm5dfigs-doublet0lead and guide me
977PSA314xp2kfigs-metaphor0Pluck me out of the net that they have hidden for me

The writer is spoken of as if he were a bird caught in a hidden net, and waiting for Yahweh to free him from the trap. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

978PSA314pg5zfigs-metaphor0you are my refuge
979PSA315e3hzfigs-personification0Into your hands
980PSA315ez3ifigs-synecdoche0I entrust my spirit
981PSA315m7ux0God of trustworthiness

you are a God I can trust

982PSA316d1f4figs-distinguish0I hate those who serve worthless idols
983PSA317z4ewfigs-doublet0I will be glad and rejoice in your covenant faithfulness
984PSA317x1wlfigs-parallelism0you saw my affliction ... you knew the distress of my soul

Both of these phrases express the idea that God knows about the writer's troubles. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

985PSA317ji14figs-synecdoche0the distress of my soul
986PSA318x76gfigs-synecdoche0You have set my feet
987PSA318d4bbfigs-metaphor0a wide open place
988PSA319iv540I am in distress

I am suffering greatly

989PSA319amp8figs-synecdoche0my soul and my body
990PSA3110p8pmfigs-metonymy0For my life is weary
991PSA3110nw2b0with sorrow ... with groaning

because of my sorrow ... because of my groaning

992PSA3110l7fjfigs-ellipsis0my years with groaning
993PSA3110a1r3figs-metonymy0My strength fails
994PSA3110b5c7figs-metonymy0my bones are wasting away
995PSA3111n8g30people disdain me

people insult me

996PSA3111w86t0are appalled at my situation

are shocked at my condition

997PSA3112w6b3figs-simile0as a dead man whom no one thinks about

People do not think about dead people. The writer does not think people think about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

998PSA3112dnb7figs-simile0like a broken pot
999PSA3113ll6rfigs-ellipsis0the whispering of many
1000PSA3113pf7q0terrifying news from every side

scary reports from many sources

1001PSA3113d84ifigs-idiom0take away my life
1002PSA3115pr1hfigs-metonymy0My times are in your hand
1003PSA3115c5770from those who pursue me

from people who try to capture me

1004PSA3116x22nfigs-metaphor0Make your face shine on your servant
1005PSA3116hjf7figs-abstractnouns0save me in your covenant faithfulness
1006PSA3117fg5cfigs-activepassive0Do not let me be humiliated
1007PSA3117vud90May the wicked be humiliated!

I wish that God would disgrace wicked people!

1008PSA3117mw8mfigs-nominaladj0the wicked
1009PSA3117n96wfigs-metonymy0May they be silent in Sheol
1010PSA3118rvr4figs-activepassive0May lying lips be silenced
1011PSA3118jqf6figs-metonymy0lying lips
1012PSA3118dig8figs-nominaladj0that speak against the righteous defiantly
1013PSA3118r22l0with arrogance and contempt
1014PSA3119c7i2figs-abstractnouns0is your goodness
1015PSA3119dge4figs-metaphor0that you have stored up
1016PSA3119ld4z0those who revere you

those who respect you greatly

1017PSA3119iu38figs-metaphor0take refuge in you
1018PSA3120q6pafigs-parallelism0In the shelter of your presence, you hide them ... You hide them in a shelter

These phrases both mean that God protects them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1019PSA3120v252figs-metaphor0In the shelter

Yahweh's presence is spoken of as if it is a strong building where the writer would be safe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1020PSA3120dx2qfigs-metonymy0You hide them in a shelter
1021PSA3120jre5figs-metonymy0from the violence of tongues
1022PSA3121jkp6figs-abstractnouns0he showed me his marvelous covenant faithfulness
1023PSA3122uq2jfigs-activepassive0I am cut off from your eyes
1024PSA3122aku2figs-synecdoche0your eyes
1025PSA3122pa4lfigs-abstractnouns0you heard my plea for help
1026PSA3123a8kdfigs-nominaladj0the faithful
1027PSA3123el6yfigs-idiom0he pays back the arrogant in full
1028PSA32introle2f0

Psalm 032 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 32 is a psalm of confession of sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Confession of sin

This psalm tells of the sorrow of unconfessed sin; it also tells of the blessing of confession and of receiving God's forgiveness. It is such a blessing when God forgives sin. Trouble comes when sin is hidden and not confessed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]])

1029PSA321w4yzwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1030PSA321tgw80A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

1031PSA321pzp9figs-parallelism0whose transgression is forgiven, whose sin is covered
1032PSA321sch5figs-metaphor0whose sin is covered
1033PSA322k682figs-activepassive0to whom Yahweh reckons no guilt
1034PSA322m29ufigs-synecdoche0in whose spirit there is no deceit
1035PSA323s6cxfigs-synecdoche0my bones were wasting away
1036PSA323svq8figs-idiom0all day long
1037PSA324j9jlfigs-merism0day and night
1038PSA324xw1rfigs-synecdoche0your hand was heavy upon me
1039PSA324fkc1figs-simile0My strength withered as in summer drought

David's strength is compared to a small, green plant that turns brown and crumbles in the dry season. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

1040PSA326rpw80at a time of great distress

when they are in great trouble.

1041PSA326yl7lfigs-metaphor0When the surging waters overflow, the waters will not reach them
1042PSA327r54zfigs-metaphor0You are my hiding place
1043PSA327u3z7figs-metaphor0You will surround me with the songs of victory
1044PSA328x1lwfigs-doublet0I will instruct you and teach you in the way
1045PSA328mh9j0I will instruct
1046PSA328s74mfigs-metaphor0in the way which you should go
1047PSA328lj3ffigs-metonymy0with my eye upon you
1048PSA329ry6hfigs-simile0Do not be like a horse ... no understanding
1049PSA329g1b30bridle and bit

Two tools that are used by people to guide horses and mules go where the rider wants them to go.

1050PSA329cv6w0where you want them to
1051PSA3210ann9figs-metaphor0Yahweh's covenant faithfulness will surround the one who trusts in him
1052PSA3211zxp2figs-idiom0Be glad in Yahweh
1053PSA3211n71rfigs-nominaladj0you righteous
1054PSA3211gs620shout for joy
1055PSA3211ame7figs-synecdoche0who are upright in heart
1056PSA33introm4ih0

Psalm 033 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 33 is a worship song. It tells how great God is.

Special concepts in this chapter

God's power

God is the creator and also the God of his people, Israel. Whatever he plans works out. He alone provides safety in battle.

1057PSA331b979writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1058PSA331x3gcfigs-idiom0Rejoice in Yahweh
1059PSA331jn1l0praise is appropriate for the upright

to praise Yahweh is appropriate for upright people

1060PSA334mcg5figs-parallelism0General Information:

Each verse consists of two lines that have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1061PSA334t8rmfigs-metaphor0Yahweh's word is upright
1062PSA335n6zgfigs-abstractnouns0He loves righteousness and justice
1063PSA335e631figs-metaphor0The earth is full of Yahweh's covenant faithfulness
1064PSA336qhw8figs-activepassive0By the word of Yahweh the heavens were made
1065PSA336bb33figs-metonymy0by the breath of his mouth
1066PSA337xt7hfigs-parallelism0General Information:

Each verse consists of two lines that have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1067PSA337k6eyfigs-simile0like a heap
1068PSA337eg5afigs-metaphor0he puts the oceans in storehouses
1069PSA338vc67figs-metonymy0Let the whole earth
1070PSA338ame6figs-idiom0stand in awe of him
1071PSA339c3h8figs-idiom0stood in place
1072PSA3310x22sfigs-parallelism0General Information:

Each verse consists of two lines that have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1073PSA3310zp3d0Yahweh frustrates
1074PSA3310r5rifigs-metonymy0the alliances of nations
1075PSA3310sn2l0alliances

An alliance is an agreement between two or more nations to support each other in a war against a common enemy.

1076PSA3310evm20the plans of the peoples
1077PSA3311gp8cfigs-idiom0stand forever
1078PSA3311ww4pfigs-ellipsis0the plans of his heart for all generations
1079PSA3311vhg2figs-synecdoche0the plans of his heart
1080PSA3311lea7figs-idiom0for all generations
1081PSA3312w4nkfigs-metonymy0Blessed is the nation
1082PSA3312ph210whose God is Yahweh

who worship Yahweh as God

1083PSA3312k4jmfigs-metaphor0as his own inheritance

The people Yahweh has chosen to worship him are described here as if they were an inheritance that he has received. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1084PSA3314r7tmfigs-metaphor0he looks down

The place where Yahweh lives is spoken of as if it is above the earth where people live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1085PSA3315ch4nfigs-metonymy0shapes the hearts of them all
1086PSA3316w54nfigs-activepassive0No king is saved by a vast army
1087PSA3317hgn8figs-synecdoche0A horse is a false hope for victory
1088PSA3318v87c0See
1089PSA3318fy9cfigs-metonymy0Yahweh's eye
1090PSA3318y8yffigs-idiom0those who hope in his covenant faithfulness
1091PSA3319z5yvfigs-synecdoche0to deliver their lives from death
1092PSA3320j64cfigs-idiom0We wait for Yahweh
1093PSA3320l55jfigs-metaphor0he is our help and our shield
1094PSA3321ujv3figs-synecdoche0Our hearts rejoice
1095PSA3321eu9ifigs-metonymy0in his holy name
1096PSA3322nn9gfigs-metaphor0Let your covenant faithfulness, Yahweh, be with us
1097PSA3322jye80as we put our hope in you

as we hope for your help

1098PSA34introaz5s0

Psalm 034 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 34 is a teaching psalm and includes thanksgiving. It teaches that living right leads to a good life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]])

The psalm does not relate directly to the superscription given about Abimelech.

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's help

Good people can have problems, but God brings them through these. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]])

1099PSA341p9ivwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1100PSA341w9ay0A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

1101PSA341j36y0pretended to be insane

acted like a crazy person

1102PSA341m4gsfigs-explicit0before Abimelech
1103PSA341klk3figs-metonymy0his praise will always be in my mouth
1104PSA342rk7hfigs-nominaladj0the oppressed
1105PSA343me7c0Praise Yahweh with me
1106PSA343n56pfigs-idiom0lift up his name
1107PSA343hjw1figs-metonymy0his name
1108PSA344def1figs-metaphor0I sought Yahweh
1109PSA345t6s5figs-metaphor0Those who look to him
1110PSA345ndy9figs-idiom0are radiant
1111PSA345caz9figs-synecdoche0their faces are not ashamed
1112PSA346cib3figs-123person0This oppressed man
1113PSA346qw3cfigs-idiom0Yahweh heard him
1114PSA347qu9zfigs-metaphor0camps around
1115PSA348qed8figs-metaphor0Taste and see that Yahweh is good
1116PSA348j8mafigs-metaphor0takes refuge
1117PSA349vv95figs-litotes0There is no lack for those who fear him
1118PSA3410ch59figs-litotes0will not lack anything good
1119PSA3411ge810sons
1120PSA3412gmc4figs-rquestion0What man is there who desires life and loves many days, that he may see good?
1121PSA3413h79ufigs-parallelism0keep your tongue from evil ... keep your lips from speaking lies

These two phrases refer to the same thing and it is said in different ways to emphasize its importance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1122PSA3413jy3gfigs-synecdoche0Then keep your tongue from evil
1123PSA3413d237figs-synecdoche0keep your lips from speaking lies
1124PSA3414l778figs-metaphor0Turn away from evil
1125PSA3414sjg9figs-metaphor0Seek peace
1126PSA3415x87wfigs-metonymy0The eyes of Yahweh are on the righteous
1127PSA3415ihz6figs-synecdoche0his ears are directed toward their cry
1128PSA3416b3yvfigs-metaphor0to cut off the memory of them from the earth
1129PSA3417ib9ffigs-idiom0Yahweh hears
1130PSA3418ers6figs-idiom0Yahweh is close
1131PSA3418km9mfigs-metaphor0the brokenhearted
1132PSA3418zhw6figs-metaphor0those who are crushed in spirit
1133PSA3419s9nwfigs-nominaladj0the righteous
1134PSA3420p78vfigs-synecdoche0He keeps all his bones, not one of them will be broken
1135PSA3421zrq9figs-personification0Evil will kill the wicked
1136PSA3421rj4cfigs-nominaladj0the wicked

This refers to wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])

1137PSA3421v5tbfigs-activepassive0Those who hate the righteous will be condemned
1138PSA3421a6lifigs-nominaladj0the righteous

This refers to righteous people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])

1139PSA3422pl7jfigs-activepassive0None of those who take refuge in him will be condemned
1140PSA3422wb23figs-metaphor0take refuge in him
1141PSA35introd3ln0

Psalm 035 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 35 is a prayer for deliverance. His enemies are coming against him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Enemies

When his enemies were sick, he tried to comfort them, but when he was in trouble his enemies use this as a time to attack him.

1142PSA351u6dywriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1143PSA352uj8wfigs-metaphor0Grab your small shield and large shield

The writer describes God as a warrior who is preparing himself for battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1144PSA352f9eb0small shield and large shield

these are defensive weapons

1145PSA353e4iafigs-metaphor0Use your spear and battle ax

The writer describes God as a warrior who is preparing himself for battle. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1146PSA353qr780spear and battle ax

these are offensive weapons

1147PSA353z8vrfigs-metaphor0those who chase me

Possible meanings are 1) these enemies are literally chasing the writer or 2) this is a metaphor for people who are enemies of the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1148PSA353k4rjfigs-synecdoche0say to my soul
1149PSA353wz6pfigs-abstractnouns0I am your salvation
1150PSA354w6yzfigs-activepassive0May those who seek my life be shamed and dishonored
1151PSA354pv5x0May those

I desire that

1152PSA354s62mfigs-metaphor0who seek my life
1153PSA354fq9wfigs-activepassive0May those who plan to harm me be turned back and confounded
1154PSA354g34ufigs-metaphor0be turned back
1155PSA354mks40confounded

confused

1156PSA355wp56figs-simile0as chaff before the wind
1157PSA356ayu2figs-metonymy0their way
1158PSA356w5gpfigs-metaphor0dark and slippery
1159PSA356ehs5figs-metaphor0chases them
1160PSA357h8nefigs-metaphor0they set their net for me
1161PSA357j68bfigs-metaphor0they dug a pit for my life
1162PSA357kw8mfigs-synecdoche0my life
1163PSA358iq5pfigs-personification0Let destruction overtake them by surprise
1164PSA358d6rvfigs-metaphor0the net that they have set
1165PSA358e9d9figs-metaphor0Let them fall into it
1166PSA358n85r0fall into it

Possible meanings are 1) fall into the pit of verse 7 or 2) fall into destruction.

1167PSA358q1k1figs-abstractnouns0to their destruction
1168PSA359gv3zfigs-abstractnouns0in his salvation
1169PSA3510dy1nfigs-metonymy0All my bones
1170PSA3510fcx1figs-rquestion0Yahweh, who is like you ... those who try to rob them?
1171PSA3510kuz3figs-doublet0the poor and needy
1172PSA3511j8ndfigs-idiom0rise up
1173PSA3512ns9vfigs-metaphor0They repay me evil for good
1174PSA3512j7e3figs-abstractnouns0evil ... good
1175PSA3512v5ej0I am sorrowful

I am extremely sad

1176PSA3513jiu20when they were sick
1177PSA3513t4yd0I wore sackcloth

I showed that I was sad

1178PSA3513gt7dtranslate-symaction0with my head bowed on my chest
1179PSA3514zuy5figs-simile0in grief as for my brother
1180PSA3514kn9wfigs-simile0I bent down in mourning as for my mother
1181PSA3514zqf9translate-symaction0I bent down

This was a symbol of pain and suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

1182PSA3515ff5f0gathered together
1183PSA3515w4hvfigs-idiom0against me
1184PSA3515qu3ufigs-metaphor0They tore at me
1185PSA3516l7dx0With no respect at all they mocked me
1186PSA3516j13ztranslate-symaction0they grind their teeth at me in rage
1187PSA3517x3erfigs-rquestion0how long will you look on?
1188PSA3517te6nfigs-synecdoche0Rescue my soul
1189PSA3517ygg1figs-ellipsis0my life from the lions
1190PSA3517kep3figs-synecdoche0my life
1191PSA3517d2a8figs-metaphor0from the lions
1192PSA3519p53g0Do not let my deceitful enemies

Do not let my enemies, who tell lies about me,

1193PSA3519a7lv0their wicked schemes

their evil plans

1194PSA3520pjw3figs-abstractnouns0they do not speak peace
1195PSA3520sg2n0devise deceitful words

look for ways to tell lies

1196PSA3520e21a0those in our land who live in peace

those who live peacefully in our land

1197PSA3520p638figs-abstractnouns0live in peace
1198PSA3521vvg2figs-explicit0They open their mouths wide against me
1199PSA3521b5wtfigs-exclamations0Aha, Aha

This is something an excited person says when he has suddenly seen or understood something, especially something other people did not expect him to see. It emphasizes the statement that follows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])

1200PSA3521s32pfigs-synecdoche0our eyes have seen it
1201PSA3522gn7xfigs-explicit0You have seen it
1202PSA3522tt5pfigs-litotes0do not be silent
1203PSA3522a6ykfigs-litotes0do not be far from me
1204PSA3523hkj2figs-metaphor0Arouse yourself and awake
1205PSA3523g2zcfigs-abstractnouns0to my defense
1206PSA3523qri7figs-metonymy0my cause
1207PSA3524h9ku0do not let them rejoice over me

do not let them be glad because I am suffering

1208PSA3525g22zfigs-idiom0say in their heart
1209PSA3525lj61figs-exclamations0Aha
1210PSA3525vuc2figs-explicit0we have what we wanted
1211PSA3525p58lfigs-metaphor0We have devoured him
1212PSA3526fck70May they be put to shame and may they be confounded who rejoice at my distress

May those who rejoice at my distress be put to shame and confounded

1213PSA3526p6id0May they be put to shame

May they feel shame

1214PSA3526m9cp0may they be confounded
1215PSA3526q1m6figs-activepassive0May those who exalt themselves over me be clothed with shame and dishonor
1216PSA3526y2xu0exalt themselves over me
1217PSA3526j7j7figs-abstractnouns0clothed with shame and dishonor
1218PSA3526he8afigs-doublet0shame and dishonor

These terms mean about the same thing and are used to emphasize how degraded they will be. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

1219PSA3527ywv70my vindication
1220PSA3527f4340may they say continually

may they always say

1221PSA3527zr5ufigs-activepassive0Yahweh be praised
1222PSA3527l9kp0who delights in
1223PSA3527ra7f0welfare

well-being, happiness

1224PSA3528b4q3figs-abstractnouns0tell of your justice
1225PSA36introa6340

Psalm 036 General Notes

Formatting in this chapter

Psalm 36 is a psalm of praise. It speaks of how good God is to those who love him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]])

Special concepts in this chapter

God and man

Evil people do not think about God; but he is such a pleasure to all who honor him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])

1226PSA361d19dwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1227PSA361hw620For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship.

1228PSA361eg5rfigs-genericnoun0An evil man
1229PSA361pzl6figs-metonymy0from deep in his heart
1230PSA361zm16figs-synecdoche0in his eyes
1231PSA362fd1w0he comforts himself, thinking
1232PSA362z7qcfigs-activepassive0his sin will not be discovered and be hated
1233PSA363v6yt0His words are

What he says is

1234PSA363pir70do good

do things that are good

1235PSA364d3zzfigs-metaphor0he sets out on an evil way
1236PSA364w34nfigs-abstractnouns0he does not reject evil
1237PSA365wiw8figs-metaphor0Your covenant faithfulness ... reaches to the heavens
1238PSA365m314figs-metaphor0reaches to the clouds
1239PSA366s49qfigs-simile0like the mountains of God ... like the great deep
1240PSA366e8gt0you preserve
1241PSA367vs32figs-abstractnouns0How precious is your covenant faithfulness
1242PSA368vy98figs-metaphor0They feast upon the abundance of your house
1243PSA368mw7hfigs-metaphor0you let them drink from the river of your delights
1244PSA369wc6m0fountain of life

source of life

1245PSA369f7u5figs-metaphor0in your light we will see light
1246PSA3610d1uafigs-metaphor0Extend your covenant faithfulness fully to those who know you
1247PSA3610jtd4figs-abstractnouns0your defense to the upright of heart
1248PSA3610qms7figs-synecdoche0the upright of heart
1249PSA3611z9yffigs-synecdoche0the foot of the arrogant man ... the hand of the wicked
1250PSA3611a5wg0drive me away
1251PSA3612mm9rfigs-metaphor0evildoers have fallen; they are knocked down and are not able to get up

All three phrases describe the evildoers as defeated. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1252PSA3612q7yffigs-activepassive0they are knocked down
1253PSA3612bmn70are not able to get up

cannot get up

1254PSA37introtv7e0

Psalm 037 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 37 is a teaching psalm. It provides guidance about how to live a moral and God-fearing life. It teaches that evil people do not prosper in the future. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Envy

Do not envy evil people. Although it appears as though they prosper, soon they will be destroyed and the good people will continue on living. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]])

1255PSA371bd2swriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1256PSA371a1ye0Do not be irritated because of evildoers
1257PSA372y2vkfigs-simile0dry up as the grass ... wither as the green plants
1258PSA373eb2rfigs-metaphor0graze in faithfulness
1259PSA374pbq2figs-metonymy0the desires of your heart
1260PSA375wt82figs-idiom0Give your ways to Yahweh
1261PSA375i61nfigs-idiom0act on your behalf

This is to represent another in legal issues. Here, when one trusts in Yahweh, he will defend that person and grant justice to that person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

1262PSA376lt22figs-parallelism0like the daylight ... like the day at noon

Both of these phrases mean about the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1263PSA376n8jlfigs-simile0like the daylight
1264PSA376jt1tfigs-simile0like the day at noon
1265PSA377vgp60Be still

Be quiet

1266PSA379qq5yfigs-metaphor0will be cut off

The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of a plant that was cut off and thrown away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1267PSA379ijv60but those who wait for Yahweh

but those who trust in Yahweh

1268PSA379rvq6figs-metaphor0will inherit the land
1269PSA3710zbl4figs-idiom0will disappear
1270PSA3711ma58figs-nominaladj0the meek
1271PSA3711bs1xfigs-metaphor0will inherit the land
1272PSA3712vej2figs-genericnoun0The wicked man
1273PSA3712k2zufigs-nominaladj0the righteous
1274PSA3712y9pxwriting-symlanguage0grinds his teeth

The wicked man hates the righteous person so much that he grinds his teeth together to show his anger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])

1275PSA3713g21afigs-explicit0his day is coming
1276PSA3714wde8figs-nominaladj0The wicked
1277PSA3714yet9figs-synecdoche0have drawn out their swords ... have bent their bows
1278PSA3714f2i7figs-metaphor0to cast down
1279PSA3714r9uhfigs-doublet0the oppressed and needy
1280PSA3715p5xqfigs-synecdoche0Their swords will pierce their own hearts
1281PSA3716d3e80Better is the little that the righteous has than the abundance of many wicked people

It is better to be poor and righteous than to be wicked with great wealth

1282PSA3716brs7figs-nominaladj0Better is the little that the righteous has
1283PSA3716w4rbfigs-nominaladj0the abundance

This refers to the wealth of the wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])

1284PSA3717psr9figs-metonymy0For the arms of the wicked people will be broken
1285PSA3718f64mfigs-idiom0watches over the blameless
1286PSA3718ck1bfigs-idiom0day by day
1287PSA3719itw1figs-idiom0when times are bad
1288PSA3720y7p7figs-simile0Yahweh's enemies will be like the glory of the pastures

The writer compares Yahweh's enemies to the flowers blooming in the fields. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

1289PSA3720c5yyfigs-metaphor0be consumed and disappear in the smoke
1290PSA3721bz3pfigs-doublet0is generous and gives

These mean the same thing and emphasize the generosity of the righteous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

1291PSA3722u3r4figs-parallelism0Those who are blessed by God will inherit the land; those who are cursed by him will be cut off

This is a contrastive form of Parallelism. Those who are blessed by God in contrast to those who are cursed by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1292PSA3722bf1jfigs-activepassive0Those who are blessed by God
1293PSA3722tev2figs-metaphor0will inherit the land
1294PSA3722u6ukfigs-activepassive0those who are cursed by him
1295PSA3722n6u3figs-metaphor0will be cut off

The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of plant that was cut off and thrown away. See how you translated this in Psalms 37:9. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1296PSA3723cq19figs-activepassive0It is by Yahweh that a man's steps are established ... commendable in God's sight
1297PSA3723fba1figs-activepassive0It is by Yahweh that a man's steps are established
1298PSA3723c8pufigs-genericnoun0a man ... the man

This does not refer to a specific man, but to people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])

1299PSA3723na5mfigs-metonymy0a man's steps
1300PSA3724c1m3figs-metaphor0Though he stumbles, he will not fall down
1301PSA3724k1r7figs-metonymy0holding him with his hand
1302PSA3725g5w1figs-activepassive0the righteous person abandoned
1303PSA3725nq7efigs-genericnoun0the righteous person

This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])

1304PSA3725rv2wfigs-synecdoche0begging for bread
1305PSA3726jp6jfigs-idiom0All the day long he is
1306PSA3726iry20his children become a blessing

his children grow up to bless others

1307PSA3727v1drfigs-metaphor0Turn away from
1308PSA3728ybg7figs-activepassive0They are preserved forever
1309PSA3728ga2ffigs-metaphor0will be cut off

The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of plant that was cut off and thrown away. See how you translated this in Psalms 37:9. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1310PSA3729t6icfigs-metaphor0will inherit the land
1311PSA3730u8utfigs-nominaladj0the righteous
1312PSA3730w34sfigs-synecdoche0The mouth of the righteous person
1313PSA3730hy67figs-abstractnouns0speaks wisdom
1314PSA3730xy8ufigs-abstractnouns0increases justice
1315PSA3731bga8figs-metonymy0The law of his God is in his heart
1316PSA3731nf23figs-metaphor0his feet will not slip
1317PSA3732jz23figs-genericnoun0The wicked person ... the righteous person
1318PSA3732w8bkfigs-explicit0watches the righteous person
1319PSA3733ea9sfigs-genericnoun0the evil person's hand
1320PSA3733z9fbfigs-activepassive0when he is judged
1321PSA3734eu5afigs-metaphor0he will raise you up to possess the land
1322PSA3734lj8cfigs-nominaladj0the wicked
1323PSA3734k2fqfigs-metaphor0are cut off

The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of a plant that was cut off and thrown away. See how you translated a similar phrase in Psalms 37:9. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1324PSA3735ec1hfigs-genericnoun0the wicked and terrifying person

This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])

1325PSA3735d6gnfigs-simile0spread out like a green tree in its native soil

Here the prosperity of the wicked man is spoken of as if he were a healthy tree growing in good soil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

1326PSA3736lz97figs-activepassive0he could not be found
1327PSA3737pn9ifigs-genericnoun0the man of integrity

This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])

1328PSA3737cy8i0mark the upright
1329PSA3738dqj8figs-activepassive0the future for the wicked man is cut off
1330PSA3738pn38figs-metonymy0the future
1331PSA3738al71figs-genericnoun0the wicked man

This does not refer to a specific person. It is a general statement. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])

1332PSA3738a22ifigs-metaphor0is cut off

The destruction of the wicked is spoken of as if they were a branch of a plant that was cut off and thrown away. See how you translated a similar phrase in Psalms 37:9. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1333PSA3739m69gfigs-abstractnouns0Salvation of the righteous comes from Yahweh
1334PSA3739rjp3figs-nominaladj0the righteous
1335PSA3740jus5figs-parallelism0helps ... rescues ... saves

This same idea is repeated in several different ways to emphasize that Yahweh is dependable and able to give aid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1336PSA3740qwg7figs-metaphor0they have taken refuge in him
1337PSA38introysy30

Psalm 038 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 38 is a confession of sin and a prayer for deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/confess]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Author's sickness

The author was very sick and his enemies were seeking ways to destroy him.

1338PSA381nsf9writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1339PSA381n1x90A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

1340PSA381nd38figs-parallelism0do not rebuke me in your anger ... do not punish me in your wrath

These phrases mean basically the same thing and the idea is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1341PSA382z5x4figs-metaphor0your arrows pierce me
1342PSA382w3fqfigs-metaphor0your hand presses me down
1343PSA383c6im0General Information:

David continues describing what his guilt and shame does to his body. He uses hyperbole to emphasize the effects of this lesson.

1344PSA383m6l5figs-synecdoche0there is no health in my bones because of my sin
1345PSA384m7wmfigs-metaphor0my iniquities overwhelm me
1346PSA384p4hmfigs-metaphor0they are a burden too heavy for me
1347PSA385cy8n0General Information:

David continues describing what his guilt and shame does to his body. He uses hyperbole to emphasize the effects of this lesson.

1348PSA385yf37figs-explicit0My wounds are infected and smell
1349PSA386z27ffigs-metaphor0I am stooped over
1350PSA387b2u7figs-metaphor0I am filled with burning
1351PSA387a9kvfigs-synecdoche0there is no health in my flesh
1352PSA388zm7mfigs-metaphor0utterly crushed

The writer's illness is so severe that it is as if a huge weight is pressing down on him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1353PSA388z68cfigs-synecdoche0anguish of my heart
1354PSA389f3phfigs-synecdoche0my heart's deepest yearnings
1355PSA389dqp9figs-activepassive0my groanings are not hidden from you
1356PSA3810ifg6figs-idiom0My heart pounds
1357PSA3810xnw50my strength fades

I become very weak

1358PSA3810e7ld0my eyesight dims

I can no longer see well

1359PSA3812bt4zfigs-metaphor0lay snares for me
1360PSA3812xc5cfigs-parallelism0speak destructive words and say deceitful words

These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the hurtful nature of what these people say. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1361PSA3813z4gnfigs-simile0I am like a deaf man ... hear nothing

The writer does not listen to what his enemies are saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

1362PSA3813hm4hfigs-simile0I am like a mute man ... says nothing

The writer does not speak evil words to or about his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

1363PSA3813s5pm0a mute man

a person who cannot speak

1364PSA3814th660does not hear

The writer does not listen to what his enemies are saying. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile)

1365PSA3814ir1x0has no reply

The writer does not speak evil words to or about his enemies. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile)

1366PSA3815px8y0you will answer
1367PSA3816gan30will not gloat over me

will not delight over my trouble

1368PSA3816bq5ffigs-synecdoche0If my foot slips
1369PSA3817s48pfigs-metaphor0I am about to stumble
1370PSA3817sbz50I am in constant pain

I am always in pain

1371PSA3819ie1wfigs-parallelism0But my enemies are numerous ... are many

These two phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1372PSA3820ca7bfigs-metaphor0They repay me evil for good
1373PSA3820ai9qfigs-metaphor0hurl accusations at me

The way the writer's enemies accuse him is spoken of as if they were throwing accusations at him like rocks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1374PSA3820bbb4figs-metaphor0pursued what is good

The writers desire for what is good is spoken of as if he were running after good things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1375PSA3821czy3figs-parallelism0Do not abandon me ... do not stay far away from me

These two phrases have very similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1376PSA3821nrs8figs-metaphor0do not stay far away from me

Because Yahweh has not yet answered the writer's request, he speaks of Yahweh as if Yahweh were standing far away from the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1377PSA3822zv2xfigs-metaphor0Come quickly to help me

God is spoken of as if he is running to the writer to help him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1378PSA3822a3xafigs-abstractnouns0my salvation
1379PSA39introz1zc0

Psalm 039 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 39 is a psalm of deliverance from sickness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Life

Life on earth is short. The psalmist wanted God's healing so he can enjoy the rest of his life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]])

This psalm shares some characteristics of another wisdom book called Ecclesiastes or Koheleth but is more positive.

1380PSA391lx3ewriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1381PSA391rc8d0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship,

1382PSA391br39translate-names0Jeduthun

One of David's chief musicians had this same name. This may refer to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1383PSA391dv6bfigs-idiom0I will watch what I say
1384PSA391s4wxfigs-metonymy0so that I do not sin with my tongue
1385PSA391e8khfigs-metaphor0muzzle
1386PSA392fa7xfigs-doublet0I kept silent; I kept back my words
1387PSA392k9fs0I kept back my words

I did not speak

1388PSA393u5iefigs-synecdoche0My heart became hot ... it burned like a fire
1389PSA394vey1figs-parallelism0the end of my life ... the extent of my days

These phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1390PSA394bac90Show me how transient I am
1391PSA395in3wfigs-metaphor0only the width of my hand
1392PSA395ej3jfigs-simile0my lifetime is like nothing before you
1393PSA395l7infigs-metaphor0Surely every man is a single breath
1394PSA396wkn8figs-simile0Surely every man walks about like a shadow
1395PSA396i78ffigs-explicit0although they do not know who will receive them

Here it is implied that they do not know what will happen to their wealth after they die. The full meaning of this statement can be made explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

1396PSA397y9llfigs-rquestion0Now, Lord, for what am I waiting?
1397PSA399ll7dfigs-parallelism0I am silent ... cannot open my mouth

These phrases mean basically the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1398PSA399whi20because it is you who has done it

because my punishment comes from you

1399PSA3910kf2hfigs-metaphor0Stop wounding me
1400PSA3910hd770I am overwhelmed

I am defeated completely

1401PSA3910n2exfigs-metaphor0the blow of your hand
1402PSA3911skf5figs-simile0consume the things they desire like a moth
1403PSA3911uzd7figs-metaphor0all people are nothing but vapor
1404PSA3912rx3jfigs-parallelism0Hear my prayer ... listen to me ... listen to my weeping

These three phrases mean basically the same thing and show how strongly the writer wants God to respond to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1405PSA3912ae4rfigs-metaphor0Do not be deaf to me
1406PSA3912nnj1figs-simile0I am like a foreigner with you, a refugee
1407PSA3913k2nrfigs-metonymy0Turn your gaze from me
1408PSA3913kfn1figs-metonymy0so that I may smile again
1409PSA40introik390

Psalm 040 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 40 is a psalm of praise. Many also see it as a messianic psalm, a psalm about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Sacrifices

God is not interested in sacrifices but wants people to obey him and fulfill his plans for them.

1410PSA401k46gwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1411PSA401q9w40For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship.

1412PSA401yu4m0I waited patiently for Yahweh

This means the writer was waiting for Yahweh to help him.

1413PSA401j6iwfigs-doublet0he listened to me ... heard my cry
1414PSA402jcv4figs-parallelism0out of a horrible pit, out of the miry clay
1415PSA402yav8figs-synecdoche0he set my feet on a rock
1416PSA403kgu60He has put a new song in my mouth
1417PSA403bl9jfigs-synecdoche0in my mouth
1418PSA403n4gqfigs-abstractnouns0praise to our God
1419PSA403z44rfigs-metonymy0Many will see it
1420PSA404cal50Blessed is the man who makes Yahweh his trust
1421PSA404z621figs-nominaladj0the proud
1422PSA404f9yc0to lies
1423PSA405x7v4figs-activepassive0your thoughts which are about us cannot be numbered
1424PSA405kzt9figs-parallelism0cannot be numbered ... more than could be counted

These phrases mean essentially the same thing. The first is stated in negative form, and the second is stated in positive form. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])

1425PSA406z1vhfigs-hyperbole0You have no delight in sacrifice or offering
1426PSA406xz9nfigs-metonymy0you have opened my ears
1427PSA406mi62figs-hyperbole0you have not required burnt offerings or sin offerings
1428PSA407jn6ffigs-explicit0the scroll of the document
1429PSA408va1lfigs-metonymy0your laws are in my heart
1430PSA409k2b60I have proclaimed good news of your righteousness in the great assembly

I have told a large assembly of people the good news of your righteousness.

1431PSA409epq1figs-ellipsis0good news of your righteousness
1432PSA409gk2tfigs-metonymy0my lips have not kept back from doing this
1433PSA4010vb9cfigs-litotes0I have not concealed your righteousness in my heart
1434PSA4010am3cfigs-metonymy0in my heart

Here this refers to the writer's inner being. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1435PSA4010cn4qfigs-litotes0I have not concealed your covenant faithfulness or your trustworthiness from the great assembly
1436PSA4010bp5zfigs-abstractnouns0your covenant faithfulness
1437PSA4010u78dfigs-abstractnouns0your trustworthiness
1438PSA4011qc48figs-personification0let your covenant faithfulness and your trustworthiness always preserve me
1439PSA4012c6b2figs-metaphor0Troubles that cannot be numbered surround me
1440PSA4012ra9wfigs-litotes0that cannot be numbered
1441PSA4012ff9rfigs-metonymy0my iniquities
1442PSA4012qng1figs-personification0have caught up with me

The writer's iniquities are spoken of as if they were his enemies who were harming him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

1443PSA4012x56q0I am no longer able to see anything

Versions differ in how to understand this difficult passage. It may mean that the speaker is crying so much that he cannot see anything because of his tears.

1444PSA4012ixl8figs-metonymy0my heart has failed me
1445PSA4014hl37figs-activepassive0Let them be ashamed and completely disappointed who pursue my life to take it away
1446PSA4014l9j50Let them be ashamed and completely disappointed

Please make them ashamed and completely disappointed

1447PSA4014ff5kfigs-metaphor0who pursue my life to take it away
1448PSA4014knx2figs-activepassive0Let them be turned back and brought to dishonor, those who delight in hurting me
1449PSA4014k5tz0turned back

unable to continue

1450PSA4015fqa60
1451PSA4015i1aw0Let them be shocked because of their shame

I hope that they will be shocked when you shame them

1452PSA4015rbg9figs-exclamations0Aha, aha!

These words indicate that the speaker has seen the hearer doing evil that the hearer did not think anyone knew about. You can use here words in your language that mean the same thing but sound different. See how this is translated in Psalms 35:21. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])

1453PSA4016az21figs-doublet0rejoice and be glad
1454PSA4016yq7nfigs-abstractnouns0loves your salvation
1455PSA4017v567figs-doublet0poor and needy
1456PSA4017ep4r0the Lord thinks about me

the Lord cares for me

1457PSA4017a8vbfigs-parallelism0You are my help ... you come to my rescue

These phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1458PSA4017g2mh0You are my help

You are the one who helps me

1459PSA4017zf6l0you come to my rescue

you come to save me

1460PSA4017c1t7figs-litotes0do not delay
1461PSA41introq9l90

Psalm 041 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 41 is a psalm of deliverance. The author's friends had become his enemies who wanted to see him die but he trusted God to rescue him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Enemies

The author's best friend had become an enemy. His enemies were happy because they were sure his sickness would result in death.

1462PSA411y6jswriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1463PSA411ay4z0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship.

1464PSA411bd730he who is concerned for the weak ... rescue him
1465PSA411glk50the weak
1466PSA412j2lj0he ... him ... his

These words refer to anyone who is concerned for the weak.

1467PSA413lt8bfigs-metonymy0Yahweh will support him on the bed of suffering
1468PSA413ygd6figs-metonymy0you will make his bed of sickness into a bed of healing
1469PSA415yg22figs-ellipsis0his name perish
1470PSA416evn10If my enemy comes to see me
1471PSA416m4zmfigs-idiom0he says worthless things
1472PSA416c5vpfigs-synecdoche0his heart gathers up my disaster for itself
1473PSA417sq8r0against me they hope for my hurt
1474PSA418l22yfigs-personification0An evil disease ... to him
1475PSA418hfg40An evil disease
1476PSA418cay3figs-explicit0now that he is lying down, he will rise up no more
1477PSA419jzy3figs-idiom0has lifted up his heel against me
1478PSA4110r3b3figs-declarative0But you, Yahweh, have mercy on me and raise me up
1479PSA4110cz3dfigs-idiom0raise me up
1480PSA4110h6l4figs-metaphor0so that I may pay them back
1481PSA4111m2j9figs-events0By this I know that you delight in me, for my enemy does not triumph over me
1482PSA4111h7zlfigs-explicit0By this I know that you delight in me, for my enemy does not triumph over me
1483PSA4112dfw30you support me in my integrity

you support me because of my integrity

1484PSA4112jj35figs-metaphor0will keep me before your face
1485PSA4113s4va0General Information:

This verse is more than the end of this psalm. It is the closing statement for all of Book 1 of the Psalms, which starts at Psalm 1 and ends with Psalm 41.

1486PSA4113xi7ffigs-merism0from everlasting to everlasting
1487PSA4113d4wsfigs-doublet0Amen and Amen
1488PSA42intromu680
1489PSA421t39iwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1490PSA421rt7c0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship.

1491PSA421c3mx0A maschil

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1.

1492PSA421h2nj0As the deer pants after streams of water, so I thirst for you, God

The author compares his desire for God to the desire of a thirsty deer for water.

1493PSA421mi8s0pants

heavy breathing from an animal or person that is very tired or thirsty

1494PSA421flj9figs-metaphor0I thirst for you, God

The author speaks of his strong desire for God as if it were a strong thirst for water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1495PSA422xe9qfigs-metaphor0I thirst for God

The author speaks of his strong desire for God as if it were a strong thirst for water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1496PSA422bsl8figs-rquestion0when will I come and appear before God?

The author does not ask this question to get an answer but to show his strong desire to be before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

1497PSA423mfk4figs-metaphor0My tears have been my food
1498PSA423nw17figs-merism0day and night
1499PSA423hy3mfigs-hyperbole0my enemies are always saying to me

This is an exaggeration. His enemies are not saying this constantly; they are saying it often. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])

1500PSA423sa8lfigs-rquestion0Where is your God?
1501PSA424d12nfigs-idiom0call to mind
1502PSA424k59bfigs-metonymy0I pour out my soul
1503PSA424c6f80the throng

the crowd of people

1504PSA424gv3qfigs-hendiadys0joy and praise
1505PSA425xs1jfigs-rquestion0Why are you bowed down, my soul? Why are you upset within me?
1506PSA425cc84figs-metaphor0bowed down
1507PSA425fyf2figs-imperative0Hope in God

The writer continues to speak to his own soul and commands it to trust God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])

1508PSA426lp5z0My God, my soul

The writer begins to speak to God about his soul.

1509PSA426s443figs-idiom0I call you to mind
1510PSA426u6xnfigs-explicit0the land of the Jordan
1511PSA426ka3s0peaks

mountain tops

1512PSA426xh39translate-names0hill of Mizar

This is the name of a hill at the base of Mount Hermon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1513PSA427c6aqfigs-personification0Deep calls to deep at the noise of your waterfalls
1514PSA427exq2figs-metaphor0all your waves ... have gone over me

The author speaks of his great misfortune and sadness as if they are deep waters that drown him with one wave after another. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1515PSA427d5k7figs-doublet0your waves and your billows
1516PSA428ef4nfigs-metaphor0Yahweh will command his covenant faithfulness in the daytime
1517PSA428jsc80his song
1518PSA428xm7t0the God of my life

the God who gives me life

1519PSA429si6jfigs-metaphor0I will say to God, my rock

The writer speaks of God as if he were a huge rock that would provide protection from enemy attack. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1520PSA429b1ik0Why do I go mourning
1521PSA4210bp1mfigs-simile0As with a sword in my bones

The writer describes his adversaries' rebukes as his receiving a fatal wound. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

1522PSA4210r4wgfigs-hyperbole0they always say to me

This is an exaggeration; his enemies are not saying this constantly but are saying it often. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])

1523PSA4210ae82figs-rquestion0Where is your God?
1524PSA4211evd8figs-rquestion0Why are you bowed down, my soul? Why are you upset within me?
1525PSA4211wp6hfigs-metaphor0bowed down
1526PSA4211ghd7figs-imperative0Hope in God

The writer continues to speak to his own soul and commands it to trust God. See how you translated this in Psalms 42:5. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])

1527PSA43introx44y0

Psalm 043 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 43 is a psalm of deliverance. It is a plea for rescue from the psalmist's enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Encouragement

The author should not be discouraged because he trusts in God to deliver him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])

Psalm 42 and Psalm 43

Some scholars believe that these two psalms were originally written together as one psalm.

1528PSA431il4dwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1529PSA432quk80the God of my strength
1530PSA432a96efigs-rquestion0Why have you rejected me? Why do I go about in mourning because of the oppression of the enemy?

The writer asks these questions in order to complain to God and express his emotions, not to receive an answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

1531PSA432cpw20Why do I go about in mourning
1532PSA432d84hfigs-abstractnouns0because of the oppression of the enemy
1533PSA433e7jdfigs-metaphor0send out your light and your truth
1534PSA433uhy4figs-metonymy0holy hill

This refers to the hill in Jerusalem where the temple is located and thus to the temple itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1535PSA433rr6l0to your dwelling

to the place where you live

1536PSA434r8lp0God my exceeding joy
1537PSA435qb88figs-rquestion0Why are you bowed down, my soul? Why are you upset within me?
1538PSA435wn18figs-metaphor0bowed down
1539PSA435z1zdfigs-imperative0Hope in God

The writer continues to speak to his own soul and commands it to trust God. See how you translated this in Psalms 42:5. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-imperative]])

1540PSA435dgl5figs-doublet0my salvation and my God
1541PSA44introcu7e0
1542PSA441gi44writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1543PSA441n2t80For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship.

1544PSA441vwd30A psalm of the sons of Korah

This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote.

1545PSA441d1rsfigs-idiom0We have heard with our ears, God
1546PSA441ifj6figs-parallelism0in their days, in the days of old
1547PSA442rd1l0You drove out the nations

You forced the people from other nations to leave

1548PSA442w5arfigs-metonymy0with your hand
1549PSA442sst2figs-metaphor0you planted our people
1550PSA443f15tfigs-metonymy0by their own sword
1551PSA443ixc7figs-metonymy0their own arm
1552PSA443cr9yfigs-ellipsis0the light of your face
1553PSA443ekr9figs-metonymy0your right hand, your arm
1554PSA443a1dcfigs-metaphor0the light of your face
1555PSA444md4ffigs-metonymy0victory for Jacob
1556PSA445cn870Through you ... through your

By you ... by your

1557PSA445l9n9figs-metaphor0push down ... tread them under ... rise up
1558PSA445u2c5figs-metonymy0through your name
1559PSA445ze870tread them under
1560PSA448ql57figs-abstractnouns0we have made our boast
1561PSA448qb7zfigs-metonymy0we will give thanks to your name
1562PSA449tw86figs-metaphor0thrown us off
1563PSA4410bc8x0spoil

resources and treasures that an army collects after winning a battle

1564PSA4411cmt5figs-simile0You have made us like sheep to be slaughtered
1565PSA4411k8qj0scattered us among the nations

caused us to live in many different nations

1566PSA4412zm14figs-metaphor0sell your people for nothing

The writer speaks of Yahweh allowing Israel's enemies to conquer them as if he were selling the people of Israel to their enemies but does not require any payment from their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1567PSA4413j3ejfigs-parallelism0You make us a rebuke to our neighbors, scoffed and mocked by those around us

These two phrases are parallel emphasizing how the people among whom they live mock them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1568PSA4413ys4cfigs-abstractnouns0You make us a rebuke to our neighbors
1569PSA4413z6rmfigs-activepassive0scoffed and mocked by those around us
1570PSA4414d6zgfigs-parallelism0an insult among ... a shaking of the head

These phrases are parallel emphasizing how intensely the nations around them mock them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1571PSA4414cf7wfigs-abstractnouns0You make us an insult among the nations
1572PSA4414l1b9figs-abstractnouns0a shaking of the head among the peoples
1573PSA4414d7ze0a shaking of the head

This was a gesture that people used to show scorn to others.

1574PSA4415lk1bfigs-metaphor0my dishonor is before me
1575PSA4415l48mfigs-metaphor0the shame of my face has covered me
1576PSA4415w1hq0the shame of my face
1577PSA4416p8lwfigs-synecdoche0because of the voice of him who rebukes and insults
1578PSA4416s49cfigs-doublet0rebukes and insults

These words have similar meanings and emphasize the harsh nature of what this person says. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

1579PSA4418qi6wfigs-parallelism0Our heart has not turned back ... have not gone from your way

These two phrases are parallel. The writer speaks of loyalty to God as if it were following him, and disloyalty as if it were turning away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1580PSA4418mf97figs-metonymy0Our heart has not turned back
1581PSA4419d4u4figs-metaphor0you have severely broken us
1582PSA4419dfs9figs-metaphor0in the place of jackals
1583PSA4419c5110jackals

a type of wild dog

1584PSA4419v695figs-metaphor0covered us with the shadow of death
1585PSA4420k5hufigs-metonymy0If we have forgotten the name of our God
1586PSA4420g9jvtranslate-symaction0spread out our hands to a strange god
1587PSA4421rv5kfigs-rquestion0would not God search this out?
1588PSA4421ih8nfigs-metonymy0he knows the secrets of the heart
1589PSA4422mxt3figs-hyperbole0we are being killed all day long
1590PSA4422exg2figs-activepassive0we are considered to be sheep for the slaughter
1591PSA4422vl87figs-metaphor0sheep for the slaughter

The writer compares the Israelites to sheep that people kill and eat. As sheep are helpless before those who kill them, so the Israelites are helpless before their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1592PSA4423b9h3figs-rquestion0Awake, why do you sleep, Lord?
1593PSA4423z7smfigs-metaphor0do not throw us off
1594PSA4424h91hfigs-rquestion0Why do you hide your face ... our oppression?
1595PSA4424hj18figs-metaphor0hide your face
1596PSA4424jb65figs-abstractnouns0forget our affliction and our oppression
1597PSA4425rzd7figs-parallelism0For we have sunk down into the dust; our bodies cling to the earth

These parallel phrases share similar meanings. The writer describes his people as lying on the ground in a posture of defeat and humiliation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1598PSA4425f1gvfigs-metaphor0For we have sunk down into the dust

The writer speaks of their humiliation as if their bodies were objects, such as ice, that melt and soak into the dirt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1599PSA4425q4tefigs-metaphor0our bodies cling to the earth

The writer speaks of their humiliation as if their bodies were stuck to the ground and they could not raise themselves up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1600PSA4426gbh3figs-idiom0Rise up
1601PSA4426uu4nfigs-abstractnouns0for the sake of your covenant faithfulness
1602PSA45introhk230
1603PSA451v3slwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1604PSA451p8j60For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship

1605PSA451f1a10set to Shoshannim
1606PSA451ty3v0A psalm of the sons of Korah

This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote.

1607PSA451tug80A maschil

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1.

1608PSA451c73ifigs-metaphor0My heart overflows on a good subject
1609PSA451puh20a good subject
1610PSA451w2cc0composed

to have written or created a song

1611PSA451chy8figs-metaphor0my tongue is the pen of a ready writer
1612PSA452x1mqfigs-hyperbole0You are fairer than the children of mankind
1613PSA452an93figs-metaphor0grace is poured onto your lips
1614PSA453y2u2figs-explicit0Put your sword on your side
1615PSA454cyr30ride on triumphantly

The writer tells the king to ride his horse or chariot to victory.

1616PSA454s46ifigs-abstractnouns0because of trustworthiness, meekness, and righteousness
1617PSA454td7gfigs-metonymy0your right hand will teach you fearful things
1618PSA454ij550fearful things
1619PSA455k74n0the peoples fall under you
1620PSA455zn7a0your arrows are in the hearts of the king's enemies
1621PSA456d479figs-metonymy0Your throne ... is forever and ever
1622PSA456mh740Your throne, God
1623PSA456h2tnfigs-metonymy0a scepter of justice is the scepter of your kingdom
1624PSA457w1rjfigs-metaphor0God, your God, has anointed you with the oil of gladness
1625PSA458s7410General Information:

Here the writer begins to describe what appears to be the wedding ceremony of the king and his bride.

1626PSA458ggv6translate-unknown0myrrh, aloes, and cassia

These are aromatic plant substances that people used to make perfumes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

1627PSA458mam80ivory palaces

Ivory is a hard white substance that forms animal's tusks. This phrase describes a palace with walls and furniture that people have decorated with ivory.

1628PSA458ldy1figs-metonymy0stringed instruments have made you glad
1629PSA459at3w0honorable women

These women are wives of the king who receive his approval.

1630PSA459bvd2figs-explicit0the queen
1631PSA459w8kbtranslate-names0Ophir

This is the name of a place that had a reputation for its fine gold. The location is unknown. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1632PSA4510d7680Listen, daughter
1633PSA4510z8vafigs-metaphor0incline your ear
1634PSA4510u572figs-metaphor0forget your own people
1635PSA4510zi39figs-metonymy0your father's house
1636PSA4511vj280In this way
1637PSA4511tyk3figs-euphemism0the king will desire your beauty

This is a polite way to say that the king will want to sleep with the queen as his wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])

1638PSA4512y2m60General Information:

The writer continues to speak to the queen.

1639PSA4512b5qzfigs-metaphor0The daughter of Tyre
1640PSA4513z961figs-explicit0The royal daughter
1641PSA4513fc310all glorious
1642PSA4513aze7figs-activepassive0her clothing is worked with gold
1643PSA4514chm20General Information:

The author continues to speak about the queen but begins to address the king again.

1644PSA4514v2p3figs-activepassive0She will be led to the king in embroidered dress
1645PSA4514mrv30embroidered

a design made by sewing colored threads into cloth

1646PSA4514ji2mfigs-activepassive0the virgins, her companions who follow her, will be brought to you
1647PSA4515j9m5figs-personification0They will be led by gladness and rejoicing
1648PSA4515jxe5figs-doublet0gladness and rejoicing
1649PSA4516x1cw0Connecting Statement:

The writer continues to address the king.

1650PSA4516jy9e0In the place of your fathers will be your children

This means that the king's sons will replace him as king, just as he replaced his ancestors as king.

1651PSA4516wu3kfigs-hyperbole0you will make princes in all the earth
1652PSA4517n62lfigs-metonymy0I will make your name to be remembered in all generations
1653PSA46introw4ye0

Psalm 046 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 46 is a psalm of praise to God.

Special concepts in this chapter

God is all-powerful, controls nature, and protects his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])

1654PSA461pye4writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1655PSA461b2mp0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship.

1656PSA461t2j80A psalm of the sons of Korah

This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote

1657PSA461q7svtranslate-unknown0set to Alamoth

This may refer to a style of music. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

1658PSA461sf97figs-metaphor0God is our refuge and strength
1659PSA462d2gafigs-metaphor0the mountains should be shaken into the heart of the seas
1660PSA463nvd80though its waters roar and rage
1661PSA463v7snfigs-explicit0mountains tremble with their swelling
1662PSA464x5vawriting-symlanguage0There is a river whose streams make the city of God happy

The imagery of a running river symbolizes peace and prosperity for the city of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-symlanguage]])

1663PSA464n4fcfigs-metonymy0make the city of God happy
1664PSA464ft9rfigs-explicit0the holy place where the Most High dwells
1665PSA465v4ku0in the middle of her; she will not be moved ... help her
1666PSA465kf8dfigs-metaphor0she will not be moved
1667PSA466ese7figs-metaphor0The nations raged
1668PSA466m4wdfigs-metaphor0the kingdoms were shaken
1669PSA466hp6tfigs-metaphor0he lifted up his voice
1670PSA466p2klfigs-metonymy0the earth melted
1671PSA467lc6wfigs-metaphor0the God of Jacob is our refuge
1672PSA467nkp6figs-metonymy0the God of Jacob
1673PSA469lwa30He makes wars cease

He makes nations stop fighting wars

1674PSA469b5ghfigs-idiom0to the ends of the earth
1675PSA469v24c0he breaks the bow ... burns up the shields

One way in which Yahweh will make all wars to cease is by destroying the weapons that the armies use to fight one another.

1676PSA469gst2translate:translate_textvariants0shields
1677PSA4610y22y0Be quiet and know that I am God

Here, God begins to speak.

1678PSA4610ua4xfigs-explicit0Be quiet
1679PSA4610u2j90know that I am God
1680PSA4610ssq3figs-parallelism0I will be exalted among the nations; I will be exalted on the earth
1681PSA4611gl4efigs-metaphor0Yahweh of hosts is with us; the God of Jacob is our refuge

The writer speaks of God as if he were a place where people can go for safety. See how you translated these lines in Psalms 46:7. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1682PSA47introj9a70

Psalm 047 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 47 is a psalm of praise to God.

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's power

God is powerful over all the nations in the world.

1683PSA471l66jwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1684PSA471xf2n0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship

1685PSA471uqb5figs-explicit0Clap your hands
1686PSA471n5aa0shout to God with the sound of triumph
1687PSA473bqu5figs-parallelism0He subdues peoples under us and nations under our feet

These two phrases are parallel and mean that God enabled Israel to conquer their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1688PSA473j5mi0subdues

to conquer and place under the authority of another

1689PSA473sa4sfigs-metaphor0under us ... under our feet

The writer speaks of conquering other nations as if it were putting those nations underneath their feet. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1690PSA474p3vmfigs-metaphor0He chooses our inheritance for us
1691PSA474e7vkfigs-metonymy0the glory of Jacob
1692PSA474qvz6figs-metonymy0Jacob whom he loved
1693PSA475y2zqfigs-metaphor0God has gone up with a shout
1694PSA475z2zzfigs-parallelism0Yahweh with the sound of a trumpet
1695PSA476wn5wfigs-parallelism0Sing praises to God, sing praises; sing praises to our King, sing praises
1696PSA479vxi70The princes of the peoples

The rulers of all the nations

1697PSA479kg5b0gathered together to the people
1698PSA479eew2figs-metaphor0the shields of the earth belong to God
1699PSA48introwfx30
1700PSA481s5c1writing-poetry0General Information:

This psalm is a song about Jerusalem being God's dwelling place. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1701PSA481az4yfigs-activepassive0greatly to be praised
1702PSA481az2x0the city of our God on his holy mountain

This is a reference to Jerusalem, which was built on Mount Zion.

1703PSA481dj9j0the city of our God
1704PSA482nl3f0Beautiful in elevation
1705PSA482y3e3figs-metonymy0the joy of the whole earth, is Mount Zion
1706PSA482r8gx0on the sides of the north
1707PSA483qb5zfigs-metaphor0God has made himself known in her palaces as a refuge
1708PSA484lw4p0see
1709PSA484fnx9figs-metonymy0assembled themselves
1710PSA484yk230they passed by together

together they passed by Jerusalem

1711PSA485q1px0They saw it

They saw Jerusalem

1712PSA485k5fi0dismayed

greatly troubled

1713PSA486xy4pfigs-personification0Trembling took hold of them there
1714PSA486ees5figs-metaphor0pain as when a woman is in labor
1715PSA487e8ivfigs-metaphor0With the east wind you break the ships of Tarshish
1716PSA487qp440the east wind
1717PSA487n4q70the ships of Tarshish

Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) ships that sail to or are built in the city of Tarshish or 2) any large ocean-going ship.

1718PSA488b3dsfigs-explicit0As we have heard
1719PSA488g7aafigs-explicit0so have we seen
1720PSA488pr7ifigs-parallelism0in the city of Yahweh of hosts, in the city of our God
1721PSA488pa6r0establish it
1722PSA489fec8figs-abstractnouns0your covenant faithfulness
1723PSA489wf6y0in the middle of your temple

as we are in your temple

1724PSA4810wrg5figs-metonymy0As your name is ... so is your praise to the ends of the earth
1725PSA4810qf2gfigs-idiom0to the ends of the earth

This is an idiomatic expression that means everywhere in the word. See how you translated this in Psalms 46:9. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

1726PSA4810w3p6figs-metaphor0your right hand is full of righteousness
1727PSA4811w7c2figs-personification0Let Mount Zion be glad
1728PSA4811csq8figs-metaphor0let the daughters of Judah rejoice
1729PSA4812r196figs-parallelism0Walk around Mount Zion, go round about her
1730PSA4813d5xm0notice well

notice in detail

1731PSA4814wub8figs-abstractnouns0he will be our guide
1732PSA4814rmz80to death
1733PSA49intror9r30

Psalm 049 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 49 is a wisdom psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Riches

Riches do not last forever. They cannot save a person from death, and they cannot be taken from a person at death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])

1734PSA491wm6jwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1735PSA491f4gj0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship

1736PSA491a8drfigs-parallelism0Hear this, all you peoples; give ear, all you inhabitants

These two phrases are parallel. Together they strengthen the command for all people to listen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1737PSA491ski6figs-idiom0give ear
1738PSA492f6b7figs-metaphor0both low and high
1739PSA492cq6dfigs-merism0rich and poor together
1740PSA493r7z1figs-synecdoche0My mouth will speak wisdom
1741PSA493hx37figs-metonymy0the meditation of my heart will be of understanding
1742PSA494wva9figs-metaphor0incline my ear
1743PSA494ge9u0with the harp

as I play the harp

1744PSA495yhr6figs-rquestion0Why should I fear ... heels?
1745PSA495vu7z0the days of evil
1746PSA495ug31figs-metaphor0when iniquity surrounds me at my heels
1747PSA496z2gnfigs-explicit0those who trust in their wealth

These people trust their wealth will keep them from having to suffer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

1748PSA496w3690about the amount of their riches

a large amount of something

1749PSA497mmh30It is certain that no one
1750PSA497cj1nfigs-explicit0no one can redeem his brother or give God a ransom for him
1751PSA498n5rbfigs-abstractnouns0the redemption of one's life is costly
1752PSA499nw4t0so that his body should not decay

This refers to the body decomposing in the grave.

1753PSA4910q1ibfigs-metaphor0he will see decay
1754PSA4910v4i4figs-merism0Wise men die; the fool and the brute alike perish

The author refers to all people by referring to those who have the most and least wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])

1755PSA4910vpc10brute

This means a person who is stupid or unintelligent.

1756PSA4911lu710Their inner thought

Their belief

1757PSA4911brb9figs-ellipsis0the places where they live, to all generations
1758PSA4911zu1ifigs-idiom0they call their lands after their own names
1759PSA4912ma8l0But man, having wealth

But man, even if he has wealth

1760PSA4913chs8figs-metaphor0This, their way, is their folly
1761PSA4913aze60yet after them

yet after they die

1762PSA4914z1qc0General Information:

The author continues to describe people who believe their wealth will save them.

1763PSA4914yp7jfigs-simile0Like sheep

The writer compares people who will all die to a flock of sheep. Just as sheep cannot escape when the butcher decides to slaughter them, so men will not escape when it is their time to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

1764PSA4914le72figs-activepassive0they are appointed
1765PSA4914jp6pfigs-personification0death will be their shepherd
1766PSA4914fu5cfigs-metaphor0in the morning
1767PSA4914xwx2figs-personification0their bodies will be consumed in Sheol
1768PSA4915hdm9figs-personification0God will redeem my life from the power of Sheol

The writer speaks of Sheol as if it were a person who has power over those who die. From the context, it is implied that this power refers to consuming the bodies of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

1769PSA4915vf45figs-synecdoche0God will redeem my life
1770PSA4916gm8v0the glory of his house increases
1771PSA4917a1l50he will take nothing away

he will take nothing with him to the grave

1772PSA4917cz54figs-euphemism0his glory will not go down after him
1773PSA4918eq9cfigs-synecdoche0He blessed his soul
1774PSA4919hq9gfigs-euphemism0he will go to the generation of his fathers
1775PSA4919dvh8figs-metaphor0they will never see the light again
1776PSA50introcbd70

Psalm 050 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 50 is a wisdom psalm. It tells what pleases God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Sacrifices

God does not need animal sacrifices; he does not eat meat or drink blood. The world and everything in it belong to God. He wants people to be thankful and to depend on him. God rejects evil people who reject his covenant. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/blood]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])

1777PSA501v4hjwriting-poetry0General Information:

This psalm is a song that teaches people. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1778PSA501wpn80The Mighty One, God, Yahweh

The author uses three different names to speak of God.

1779PSA501s58xfigs-metonymy0called the earth
1780PSA501ycf8figs-merism0from the rising of the sun to its setting
1781PSA502k7vg0Zion, the perfection of beauty
1782PSA502k22afigs-metaphor0God has shone
1783PSA503ymh5figs-litotes0does not stay silent
1784PSA503m31dfigs-metaphor0a fire devours before him
1785PSA503pw8f0it is very stormy around him

there is a great storm around him

1786PSA504d22vfigs-metonymy0He calls to the heavens above and to the earth

Possible meanings are 1) God is calling on all who live in heaven and on earth to be witnesses as he judges his people or 2) God is speaking to heaven and earth as if they are people, and he is calling them to be witnesses as he judges his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

1787PSA506fxq3figs-metonymy0The heavens will declare
1788PSA508ef2a0I will not reprove you for your sacrifices
1789PSA508s2pk0reprove

tell someone he is guilty of doing wrong

1790PSA508m19cfigs-idiom0your burnt offerings are always before me
1791PSA509a3jw0folds

areas surrounded by walls in which sheep and goats are kept

1792PSA5010sbr7figs-hyperbole0the cattle on a thousand hills
1793PSA5010f9vgtranslate-numbers0thousand hills
1794PSA5011dx4mfigs-idiom0I know all the birds
1795PSA5012gaw2figs-hypo0If I were hungry

This describes something that could not happen, since God does not get hungry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

1796PSA5013ybv9figs-rquestion0Will I eat the flesh of bulls or drink the blood of goats?
1797PSA5014tja9figs-123person0Offer to God
1798PSA5014hz6pfigs-metaphor0pay your vows to the Most High
1799PSA5015si2vfigs-idiom0in the day of trouble
1800PSA5016ab6cfigs-123person0But to the wicked God says
1801PSA5016ww85figs-nominaladj0to the wicked
1802PSA5016mat4figs-metaphor0have taken my covenant in your mouth
1803PSA5017zuf2figs-rquestion0since you hate instruction and throw my words away
1804PSA5017l69zfigs-metaphor0throw my words away
1805PSA5018v2nwfigs-idiom0you agree with him
1806PSA5019p5tefigs-metaphor0You give your mouth to evil
1807PSA5019eu22figs-synecdoche0your tongue expresses deceit
1808PSA5020zjx3figs-parallelism0You sit and speak against your brother; you slander your own mother's son

These two phrases have the same meaning but use different words. God accuses them of speaking falsely against members of their own family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1809PSA5020ea7afigs-idiom0You sit and speak
1810PSA5021br29figs-explicit0you thought that I was someone just like yourself
1811PSA5021w99y0reprove

tell someone he is guilty of doing wrong

1812PSA5021j3hcfigs-idiom0bring up ... all the things you have done
1813PSA5021pf7hfigs-idiom0right before your eyes
1814PSA5022jz7ufigs-metaphor0you who forget God
1815PSA5022ql5ffigs-metaphor0I will tear you to pieces
1816PSA5023u8xrfigs-metaphor0plans his path in the right way
1817PSA5023u5xvfigs-abstractnouns0I will show God's salvation
1818PSA51introuij80

Psalm 051 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 51 is a psalm of repentance from sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Repentance

The psalmist is truly sorry for having sinned. He repented and God forgave his sins. God wants true sorrow for having sinned, not sacrifices. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/true]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]])

Author of Psalm

Scholars are divided over whether this psalm was authored by King David as is mentioned by the superscription. If nothing else, we can assume the last two verses were added later since Jerusalem is intact with well-built walls during King David's reign.

1819PSA511v8pwwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. In this psalm David asks God for forgiveness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1820PSA511rl6b0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship.

1821PSA511ia5j0A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

1822PSA511sf45figs-explicit0when Nathan the prophet came to him
1823PSA511dlr2figs-abstractnouns0because of your covenant faithfulness
1824PSA511pm2w0for the sake of the multitude of your merciful actions

because you do so many merciful things

1825PSA511jan2figs-metaphor0blot out my transgressions
1826PSA512rtj9figs-parallelism0Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity ... cleanse me from my sin

These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1827PSA512q5ksfigs-metaphor0Wash me thoroughly from my iniquity
1828PSA512h3by0thoroughly

completely, totally

1829PSA512ja25figs-metaphor0cleanse me from my sin
1830PSA513qpz2figs-metaphor0my sin is always before me
1831PSA514t9pxfigs-metaphor0what is evil in your sight
1832PSA515j8f9figs-metaphor0I was born in iniquity
1833PSA515i2czfigs-metaphor0as soon as my mother conceived me, I was in sin
1834PSA516w9f40See, you desire trustworthiness
1835PSA516kqg1figs-metonymy0you desire trustworthiness in my inner self
1836PSA517fc52figs-metaphor0Purify me ... I will be clean ... wash me ... I will be whiter than snow

Being acceptable to God is spoken of as being clean or white. God makes people acceptable by forgiving their sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1837PSA517v7q2figs-metaphor0Purify me with hyssop
1838PSA517im87translate-unknown0hyssop

This is a plant that the priests used to sprinkle water or blood on people or things to make them ceremonially clean, that is, acceptable to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

1839PSA517l5n6figs-simile0whiter than snow
1840PSA518g7v8figs-doublet0joy and gladness

These two words mean basically the same thing and emphasize his desire to hear joyful things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

1841PSA518p4effigs-metaphor0so that the bones that you have broken may rejoice
1842PSA519gs6cfigs-metaphor0Hide your face from my sins
1843PSA519b3jcfigs-metaphor0blot out all my iniquities
1844PSA5110q6ngfigs-metonymy0Create in me a clean heart
1845PSA5110bn5afigs-metonymy0renew a right spirit within me
1846PSA5111v6gjfigs-metaphor0Do not drive me away from your presence
1847PSA5112t5fh0sustain me
1848PSA5113az4f0your ways
1849PSA5113tzw40transgressors ... sinners

These two words refer to the same people here.

1850PSA5114i5mgfigs-metonymy0shedding blood

This phrase refers to killing another person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1851PSA5115mb7zfigs-synecdoche0Lord, open my lips, and my mouth will express your praise
1852PSA5116rlr8figs-explicit0you do not delight in sacrifice ... you have no pleasure in burnt offerings
1853PSA5117ib5d0The sacrifices of God

The sacrifices that please God

1854PSA5117e3fdfigs-metaphor0a broken spirit
1855PSA5117r49lfigs-metonymy0a broken and a contrite heart
1856PSA5118sl4ifigs-metaphor0rebuild the walls of Jerusalem
1857PSA5119qe3h0our people will offer bulls on your altar

A bull is an adult male cow. Bulls were often used as sacrificial animals, according to God's instruction.

1858PSA52introgx5r0
1859PSA521xe8mwriting-poetry0General Information:
1860PSA521eve80For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship.

1861PSA521px5f0A maschil

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1.

1862PSA521iv91translate-names0Doeg ... Ahimelech

These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1863PSA521gv61figs-rquestion0Why are you proud of making trouble, you mighty man?
1864PSA521tc43figs-irony0you mighty man
1865PSA521u3ivfigs-metaphor0The covenant faithfulness of God comes every day
1866PSA522yc5s0a sharp razor

a sharp blade

1867PSA522hlt7figs-simile0Your tongue plans destruction like a sharp razor, working deceitfully
1868PSA522mc21figs-synecdoche0Your tongue
1869PSA523n4c10Connecting Statement:
1870PSA523u7f10lying rather than speaking righteousness

you love lying more than speaking what is right

1871PSA524c8a7figs-metaphor0words that devour others
1872PSA524brj2figs-synecdoche0you deceitful tongue
1873PSA525b3i7figs-parallelism0take you up ... pluck you ... root you
1874PSA525r2btfigs-metaphor0root you out of the land of the living
1875PSA525cdy6translate-transliterate0Selah

This may be a musical term that tells people how to sing or play their instruments here. Some translations write the Hebrew word, and some translations do not include it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])

1876PSA526mke50The righteous will also see it and fear

The righteous will also see God remove him and they will fear

1877PSA527edv20See
1878PSA527qv2zfigs-metonymy0did not make God his refuge
1879PSA528u1wy0a green olive tree

Green olive trees are strong and secure. They do not fall over.

1880PSA528e2xzfigs-simile0I am like a green olive tree in God's house
1881PSA528ydi40in God's house

This refers to God's temple.

1882PSA528bgx6figs-abstractnouns0I will trust in the covenant faithfulness of God forever and ever
1883PSA529cj6zfigs-metonymy0I will wait for your name, because it is good
1884PSA53introu3hp0
1885PSA531btc5writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1886PSA531kkk80For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship

1887PSA531a9tqtranslate-transliterate0set to Mahalath

This may refer to a style of music. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])

1888PSA531c5we0A maschil

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1.

1889PSA532cmh40the children of mankind

This refers to all people.

1890PSA532dy8rfigs-metaphor0who seek after him
1891PSA533ki3tfigs-metaphor0They have all turned away
1892PSA534l2u4figs-rquestion0Do those who commit iniquity have no understanding—those ... God?
1893PSA534l75mfigs-metaphor0those who devour my people as if they were eating bread
1894PSA535q6fefigs-metonymy0God will scatter the bones of whoever will camp against you
1895PSA535pl76figs-metonymy0whoever will camp against you
1896PSA536mle3figs-exclamations0Oh, that the salvation of Israel would come
1897PSA536awk5figs-metonymy0the salvation of Israel would come from Zion
1898PSA536hj3c0When God brings back his people from the captivity

When God saves his captive people

1899PSA536fw2jfigs-parallelism0Jacob will rejoice and Israel will be glad!

These two phrases have the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1900PSA536xbm3figs-metonymy0Jacob
1901PSA54introvvf30
1902PSA541fa4hwriting-poetry0General Information:

This psalm is a prayer for help. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1903PSA541s1kh0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship

1904PSA541nwg20on stringed instruments

people should play stringed instruments with this song

1905PSA541w9pi0A maschil

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1

1906PSA541ql33translate-names0Ziphites

people from the city of Ziph in the Judean mountains, southeast of Hebron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1907PSA541db2ifigs-metonymy0Save me, God, by your name
1908PSA541jb6dfigs-metonymy0judge me in your might
1909PSA542r9erfigs-metonymy0give ear to the words
1910PSA542mc9yfigs-synecdoche0the words of my mouth
1911PSA543u6zzfigs-metonymy0have risen up against me
1912PSA543n85b0pitiless men

men who have no mercy

1913PSA543uub9figs-metonymy0have sought after my life
1914PSA543qx9nfigs-metonymy0they have not set God before them
1915PSA544f6wzfigs-metaphor0who upholds me
1916PSA545gch4figs-metaphor0He will repay my enemies with evil
1917PSA545y1350in your faithfulness, destroy them
1918PSA546kq3sfigs-synecdoche0I will give thanks to your name, Yahweh, for it is good
1919PSA547q8mmfigs-synecdoche0my eye has looked
1920PSA547z3ihfigs-metonymy0my eye has looked in triumph on my enemies
1921PSA55introfx5e0
1922PSA551gsm2writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1923PSA551v48i0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship

1924PSA551y5nc0on stringed instruments

people should play stringed instruments with this song

1925PSA551lzt70A maschil

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1

1926PSA551v59zfigs-metonymy0Give ear to my prayer
1927PSA551v8bqfigs-metaphor0do not hide yourself from my plea
1928PSA553ag8mfigs-metonymy0because of the voice of my enemies
1929PSA553iqu1figs-metaphor0they bring trouble on me
1930PSA554z3pkfigs-metonymy0My heart trembles within me
1931PSA554jr4qfigs-metaphor0the terrors of death have fallen on me
1932PSA555spg6figs-metaphor0Fearfulness and trembling have come on me
1933PSA555lr6zfigs-metaphor0horror has overwhelmed me
1934PSA556xih1figs-exclamations0Oh, if only I had wings like a dove!
1935PSA556dd1u0Then would I fly away

If I did have wings, I would fly away

1936PSA557kwx90See, then I would wander

I would do that and more: I would wander

1937PSA558kzu30General Information:

The writer finishes telling about what he had said.

1938PSA558v8vq0tempest

a strong storm

1939PSA559rlv7figs-metaphor0Devour them
1940PSA559xsb3figs-metonymy0confuse their language
1941PSA5510adq2figs-personification0they go about on its walls
1942PSA5510mjb40on its walls
1943PSA5510wnf2figs-personification0wickedness and trouble are in the middle of it
1944PSA5511r85ifigs-personification0Wickedness is in the middle of it
1945PSA5511c726figs-personification0oppression and deceit do not leave its streets
1946PSA5511av8t0its streets

This may refer to the marketplaces in the city.

1947PSA5512fkh4figs-metaphor0I could have borne it
1948PSA5512sl4ffigs-metaphor0raised himself up against me
1949PSA5513q1xjfigs-apostrophe0But it was you

The psalmist speaks as though the person who had rebuked and taunted him were there listening to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])

1950PSA5513h4d40myself, my companion and my close friend
1951PSA5514uy9r0We
1952PSA5514jnv20with the throng
1953PSA5515a7khfigs-personification0Let death come suddenly on them
1954PSA5515v19nfigs-metaphor0let them go down alive to Sheol
1955PSA5515wv2zfigs-metaphor0wickedness is where they live
1956PSA5515ngt3figs-metaphor0right among them
1957PSA5516v37m0As for me
1958PSA5517wtr40moan

the sound people and animals make when they are in pain

1959PSA5517jq8ffigs-synecdoche0he will hear my voice
1960PSA5518g4qmfigs-metonymy0my life
1961PSA5518t38c0for those who fought against me were many

for many people fought against me

1962PSA5519hz580will hear them
1963PSA5519tum6figs-explicit0humiliate them
1964PSA5520c1lxfigs-metonymy0has raised his hands against those
1965PSA5521s648figs-metonymy0His mouth
1966PSA5521r2m2figs-simile0His mouth was smooth as butter
1967PSA5521qub50was hostile
1968PSA5521xd9f0his words

what he said

1969PSA5521xz3afigs-simile0his words were softer than oil
1970PSA5521h4safigs-metaphor0they were actually drawn swords
1971PSA5521b32u0drawn swords
1972PSA5522r4ww0Place your burdens

Here the psalmist is speaking to other godly people.

1973PSA5522es9tfigs-metaphor0Place your burdens on Yahweh
1974PSA5522vk430he will sustain you
1975PSA5522x43rfigs-metaphor0he will never allow a righteous person to totter
1976PSA5523el520But you, God

The author speaks to God now.

1977PSA5523b5vk0the pit of destruction

This probably refers to the grave or hell.

1978PSA5523u8szfigs-metonymy0will bring the wicked down into the pit of destruction
1979PSA5523kab20bloodthirsty and deceitful men
1980PSA5523pe8d0even half as long as others

even half as long as other people live

1981PSA56introh1w30
1982PSA561xsm1writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1983PSA561by4v0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship;

1984PSA561azv10set to Jonath elem rehokim
1985PSA561urm9translate-unknown0Jonath elem rehokim
1986PSA561y6cg0A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

1987PSA561q2la0A michtam
1988PSA561sz950press their assault

come closer and closer in order to attack me

1989PSA562e4w9figs-metaphor0My enemies trample me
1990PSA563zht60you
1991PSA564ggu8figs-rquestion0what can mere man do to me?
1992PSA564x7n40mere man
1993PSA565n8j30All the day long

All the time

1994PSA565fnl7figs-metaphor0they twist my words
1995PSA565q7xi0all their thoughts are against me for evil
1996PSA566gh4rfigs-metaphor0they mark my steps
1997PSA566u2v9figs-metonymy0just as they have waited for my life
1998PSA567huf5figs-explicit0Do not let them escape doing iniquity
1999PSA567p8t9figs-metaphor0Bring down the peoples
2000PSA568anm7figs-metaphor0You number my wanderings
2001PSA568m8ngfigs-metaphor0put my tears into your bottle
2002PSA568yv3xfigs-metaphor0are they not in your book?
2003PSA569rvm70will turn back
2004PSA569ui3xfigs-explicit0God is for me
2005PSA5611an7mfigs-rquestion0What can anyone do to me?
2006PSA5612mw9nfigs-metaphor0The duty to fulfill my vows to you is on me
2007PSA5613y3b3figs-synecdoche0you have kept my feet from falling
2008PSA5613y78tfigs-metaphor0so that I may walk before God
2009PSA5613npe7figs-metonymy0in the light of the living
2010PSA57introhv640
2011PSA571i8s5writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2012PSA571ga1f0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship

2013PSA571s96j0set to Al Tashheth
2014PSA571yl31translate-unknown0Al Tashheth
2015PSA571g4tb0A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

2016PSA571jt8t0A michtam
2017PSA571wv56figs-metaphor0I take refuge in you
2018PSA571yn99figs-metaphor0I stay under your wings for protection
2019PSA571s371figs-abstractnouns0until this destruction is over
2020PSA572r2mu0who does all things for me
2021PSA573k9zhfigs-metaphor0those who crush me
2022PSA573t1vdfigs-metaphor0God will send me his loving kindness and his faithfulness
2023PSA574v2nzfigs-metaphor0My life is among lions
2024PSA574e5fnfigs-metaphor0those who are ready to devour me
2025PSA574j2hrfigs-metaphor0people whose teeth are spears and arrows
2026PSA574zdv3figs-doublet0spears and arrows

Since both of these terms are weapons, if your culture knows only one, it is acceptable to use it alone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

2027PSA574nz7wfigs-metaphor0whose tongues are sharp swords
2028PSA575t2dtfigs-metaphor0Be exalted, God, above the heavens
2029PSA575ij370let your glory be above all the earth
2030PSA576ywr3figs-metaphor0They spread out a net for my feet
2031PSA576pp5ufigs-metaphor0They dug a pit in front of me
2032PSA576cj6rfigs-metaphor0They themselves have fallen into the middle of it
2033PSA577mvj7figs-metonymy0My heart is fixed, God, my heart is fixed
2034PSA577gt62figs-explicit0I will sing praises
2035PSA578z1emfigs-explicit0Wake up, my honored heart
2036PSA578yl5rfigs-explicit0wake up, lute and harp
2037PSA578hr4gfigs-personification0I will wake up the dawn
2038PSA5710vaa3figs-parallelism0For great is your unfailing love, reaching to the heavens ... your faithfulness to the clouds

These two phrases are very similar in meaning. The greatness of God's unfailing love and the greatness of his faithfulness are spoken of as if they could be measured in distance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2039PSA5710tna7figs-metaphor0For great is your unfailing love, reaching to the heavens
2040PSA5710ywg7figs-ellipsis0your faithfulness to the clouds
2041PSA5711yyx8figs-metaphor0Be exalted, God, above the heavens
2042PSA5711n64e0may your glory be exalted over all the earth
2043PSA58introdhx60
2044PSA581qfv5writing-poetry0General Information:

This psalm is a song about wicked people. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2045PSA581d8qb0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship

2046PSA581zc3z0set to Al Tashheth

This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing the psalm. See how you translated this in Psalms 57:1.

2047PSA581x97c0A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

2048PSA581xu51figs-rquestion0Do you rulers speak righteousness?
2049PSA581f3j3figs-rquestion0Do you judge uprightly, you people?
2050PSA582n278figs-you0you ... your
2051PSA582c5jn0No

The author answers the two questions he had just asked.

2052PSA582d1u5figs-metonymy0you commit wickedness in your heart
2053PSA582fc72figs-metaphor0you distribute violence throughout the land with your hands
2054PSA583e66xfigs-parallelism0The wicked go astray even when they are in the womb ... they go astray from birth

This is the same idea expressed in two different ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2055PSA583d7k2figs-metaphor0they go astray
2056PSA584mff7figs-metaphor0Their poison is like a snake's poison
2057PSA584f4cafigs-simile0they are like a deaf adder that stops up its ears
2058PSA584tt5afigs-personification0a deaf adder that stops up its ears
2059PSA584w1f70adder

a kind of poisonous snake

2060PSA585b6id0charmers

people who play or sing music in order to control snakes

2061PSA585hi9vfigs-explicit0no matter how skillful they are
2062PSA586ptb30General Information:

The author lists things that he would like God to do to wicked people.

2063PSA586x2zufigs-parallelism0Break their teeth ... break out the great teeth of the young lions
2064PSA587na9tfigs-metaphor0Let them melt away as water that runs off
2065PSA587c9dm0let them be as though they had no points

let their arrows be as though they had no points

2066PSA588hb5wfigs-simile0Let them be like a snail that melts and passes away
2067PSA588hi5z0snail

small animal that the Israelites considered unclean and that looks like it is melting as it moves by sliding over slime it has produced

2068PSA588uu2zfigs-simile0like the untimely-born child of a woman that never sees the sunlight
2069PSA589ut8vfigs-metaphor0Before your pots can feel the thorn's burning heat ... the green thorns and the burning thorns alike
2070PSA589khw3figs-you0your

David is speaking to God's people, so this is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

2071PSA589ka8t0the thorn's burning heat ... the green thorns and the burning thorns

the heat from the burning thorn branches ... the green thorn branches and the burning thorn branches

2072PSA5810wz3efigs-genericnoun0The righteous will rejoice when he sees
2073PSA5810gi2kfigs-metaphor0he will wash his feet in the blood of the wicked
2074PSA5810ll57figs-metaphor0he will wash his feet in the blood of the wicked
2075PSA59introzf270
2076PSA591w4sdwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2077PSA591p57e0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship

2078PSA591me330set to Al Tashheth

This probably tells what musical style or tune to use when singing the psalm. See how you translated this in Psalms 57:1.

2079PSA591il5y0A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

2080PSA591ks3t0A michtam
2081PSA591hk4wfigs-metonymy0set me on high
2082PSA591rjh7figs-metonymy0rise up against me
2083PSA592ica6figs-idiom0bloodthirsty men
2084PSA593c6a4figs-idiom0they wait in ambush to take my life

David's enemies are in hiding and are waiting quietly for the time when they can attack him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

2085PSA594zre5figs-idiom0awake
2086PSA594b239figs-explicit0and see
2087PSA595shi6figs-idiom0arise
2088PSA595t4a1figs-metonymy0all the nations
2089PSA596aej60They return at evening
2090PSA596r2wwfigs-simile0they howl like dogs
2091PSA596fcr7figs-explicit0go around the city
2092PSA597i5i60See
2093PSA597rh1ufigs-metaphor0they belch out with their mouths
2094PSA597q9fv0belch

burp loudly; allow air from the stomach to come out of the mouth with a loud, rude noise

2095PSA597vs38figs-metaphor0swords are in their lips
2096PSA597d23afigs-rquestion0Who hears us?
2097PSA598k3ws0laugh at them
2098PSA598x3cx0you hold all the nations in derision
2099PSA598tjt60derision

ridicule

2100PSA599av6pfigs-metonymy0my strength
2101PSA599mi4wfigs-metaphor0you are my high tower
2102PSA5910v7d9figs-explicit0My God will meet me with his covenant faithfulness
2103PSA5910tb7vfigs-abstractnouns0my desire on my enemies
2104PSA5911c9tk0Scatter them

Cause them to wander around

2105PSA5911yf94figs-metonymy0our shield
2106PSA5912iz4qfigs-metonymy0For the sins of their mouths and the words of their lips
2107PSA5912a3edfigs-activepassive0let them be captured in their pride
2108PSA5912xb2v0that they express

that they say

2109PSA5913u1gafigs-metaphor0Consume them in wrath, consume them so that they will be no more
2110PSA5913h4zffigs-metonymy0in Jacob
2111PSA5913ct9ifigs-metonymy0to the ends of the earth
2112PSA5914v4xefigs-simile0howling like dogs
2113PSA5915w18t0satisfied

content, having everything they want

2114PSA5916a9wefigs-metaphor0you have been my high tower and a refuge
2115PSA5916vmt20in the day of my distress

whenever I have had troubles

2116PSA5917q7ywfigs-sentences0To you, my strength, I will sing praises
2117PSA5917g4dbfigs-metonymy0my strength
2118PSA5917m2u5figs-metaphor0for God is my high tower
2119PSA5917shn4figs-abstractnouns0the God of covenant faithfulness
2120PSA60introwza80

Psalm 060 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 60 is a psalm of war.

Special concepts in this chapter

Protection

God has preserved the land of Israel, and now he will give them victory over the countries of Moab and Edom.

2121PSA601ev3mwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2122PSA601usc30For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship

2123PSA601vsl60set to Shushan Eduth
2124PSA601m8betranslate-unknown0Shushan Eduth
2125PSA601tb2l0A michtam
2126PSA601x59ttranslate-names0Aram Naharaim ... Aram Zobah
2127PSA601xt5afigs-synecdoche0Joab
2128PSA601uk1ftranslate-numbers0twelve thousand Edomites
2129PSA601jey3figs-metaphor0you have cast us off
2130PSA601tsh1figs-metonymy0you have broken through our defenses
2131PSA602cda80Connecting Statement:

The psalmist continues speaking to God.

2132PSA602rmg6figs-metaphor0You have made the land tremble; you have torn it apart

The psalmist speaks of the disaster in his country as if it were an earthquake. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2133PSA602qsa7figs-metaphor0heal its fissures

Making the people strong again is spoken of as repairing the fissures in the ground or walls. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2134PSA602n5260fissures

large cracks in the ground or walls

2135PSA603k155figs-metonymy0You have made your people see difficult things
2136PSA603m2ayfigs-metaphor0drink the wine of staggering
2137PSA604fj97figs-metaphor0you have set up a banner
2138PSA604f9q60banner
2139PSA604xr7xfigs-activepassive0to be displayed against those who carry the bow
2140PSA604pya3figs-metonymy0to be displayed against those who carry the bow
2141PSA605lb5kfigs-metonymy0with your right hand
2142PSA605p226figs-metonymy0answer me
2143PSA607ft6ifigs-metaphor0Ephraim also is my helmet
2144PSA607d6zr0helmet

a hard hat that soldiers wear to protect their heads from injury

2145PSA607c5skfigs-metaphor0Judah is my scepter
2146PSA608k3r4figs-metaphor0Moab is my washbasin
2147PSA608lax6figs-metaphor0over Edom I will throw my shoe
2148PSA6010ika5figs-rquestion0But you, God, have you not rejected us?
2149PSA6010v89kfigs-metaphor0You do not go into battle with our army
2150PSA6011sm5b0is futile

is worthless

2151PSA6012x5wt0will triumph

will defeat our enemies

2152PSA6012i34sfigs-metaphor0he will trample down our enemies
2153PSA61introis6k0

Psalm 061 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 61 is a psalm of praise.

Special concepts in this chapter

Vow

The author has vowed to praise God every day of his life because God has blessed him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])

2154PSA611u44cwriting-poetry0General Information:

This is a song about God's faithfulness. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2155PSA611y2570For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship

2156PSA611w7m60on a stringed instrument

people should play a stringed instrument with this song

2157PSA611dkq1figs-doublet0Hear my cry, God; attend to my prayer
2158PSA612z96pfigs-metaphor0lead me to the rock that is higher than I

Here the writer speaks of God as if he were a high rock that he could climb for protection. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2159PSA614fq5bfigs-metaphor0take refuge under the shelter of your wings
2160PSA615yk96figs-metaphor0you have given me the inheritance
2161PSA615jwf1figs-metonymy0who honor your name
2162PSA616f381figs-parallelism0You will prolong ... many generations

These two clauses have similar meanings. The idea is repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2163PSA616m1j70You will prolong the king's life
2164PSA616dq7tfigs-metonymy0his years will be like many generations
2165PSA617j14ffigs-explicit0He will remain before God forever
2166PSA618ut6sfigs-metonymy0I will sing praise to your name forever
2167PSA618yd7n0my vows

These refer to the promise to offer sacrifices to God every day.

2168PSA62introdc2q0

Psalm 062 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 62 is a psalm of deliverance. It expresses trust that God will save the psalmist from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Trust

Although the psalmist's enemies have attacked him when he was feeling weak, he trusts in God to deliver him. God is powerful and kind.

2169PSA621fc8kwriting-poetry0General Information:

This psalm is a song about God's faithfulness. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2170PSA621a4ay0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship

2171PSA621zun4translate-names0Jeduthun

One of David's chief musicians had this same name. This may refer to him. See how you translated this in Psalms 39:1. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

2172PSA621l5l80my salvation comes from him
2173PSA622hy6dfigs-metaphor0He alone is my rock and my salvation
2174PSA622ngh3figs-metaphor0he is my high tower
2175PSA622s4iefigs-activepassive0I will not be greatly moved
2176PSA623b6ts0all of you
2177PSA623z326figs-rquestion0How long ... will you attack a man ... or a shaky fence?
2178PSA623c4q60attack a man

attack me

2179PSA624n82a0They consult with him only to
2180PSA624a18i0consult with him ... bring him ... bless him ... curse him
2181PSA624j3uzfigs-metonymy0with their mouths

This refers to their speech or their words. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

2182PSA624zqm3figs-metonymy0in their hearts

This refers to their thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

2183PSA625nl4l0my hope is set on him

for I place my hope in him

2184PSA626fy6xfigs-metaphor0He alone is my rock and my salvation; he is my high tower
2185PSA626izy6figs-activepassive0I will not be moved
2186PSA627c9fhfigs-metaphor0the rock of my strength and my refuge are in God
2187PSA628yq3jfigs-idiom0pour out your heart
2188PSA628ss3pfigs-inclusive0refuge for us
2189PSA629zu93figs-merism0men of low standing ... men of high standing are a lie
2190PSA629ckm70weighed together, they are lighter than nothing

If you put all of these kinds of men together on a scale, they would have no weight. This means that they have no real value to you.

2191PSA6210ubx1figs-doublet0oppression or robbery

These two words have basically the same meaning. You cannot trust in money that you get by taking it from other people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

2192PSA6210eu3dfigs-metaphor0for they will bear no fruit
2193PSA6210j6sjfigs-idiom0do not fix your heart on them
2194PSA6211x8ts0God has spoken once, twice have I heard this

This means that God has said this more than once.

2195PSA6211kc1vfigs-metaphor0power belongs to God
2196PSA6212n56ffigs-metaphor0Also to you, Lord, belongs covenant faithfulness
2197PSA6212gl1pfigs-metaphor0for you pay back every person for what he has done

The writer speaks of God's rewards as if he were paying a wage for work. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2198PSA63intropy5b0

Psalm 063 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 63 is a psalm of praise.

Special concepts in this chapter

Praise

The author praises God for who he is and for having protected him.

2199PSA631rct4writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2200PSA631jrr40A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

2201PSA631d7d10earnestly

sincerely

2202PSA631c3wefigs-parallelism0my soul thirsts for you, and my flesh longs for you
2203PSA631x4mg0dry and weary land

hot, dry desert

2204PSA633w2uifigs-abstractnouns0Because your covenant faithfulness is better than life, my lips
2205PSA633cx75figs-synecdoche0my lips will praise you
2206PSA634vx4afigs-metonymy0I will lift up my hands in your name
2207PSA635x5kyfigs-simile0It will be as if I ate a meal of marrow and fatness
2208PSA635y596figs-synecdoche0with joyful lips my mouth will praise you
2209PSA636a4ezfigs-parallelism0when I think about you on my bed ... in the night hours

These two clauses have the same meaning. The ideas are repeated to emphasize how much the writer thinks about God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2210PSA637ca2efigs-metaphor0in the shadow of your wings I rejoice
2211PSA638y8gh0I cling to you
2212PSA638ua1afigs-metonymy0your right hand supports me
2213PSA639tm7lfigs-explicit0will go down into the lowest parts of the earth
2214PSA6310y78jfigs-metonymy0they will be given over to those whose hands use the sword
2215PSA6310i1mdfigs-explicit0they will become food for the jackals
2216PSA6310ru7l0the jackals
2217PSA6311q4stfigs-explicit0the king will
2218PSA6311lcq40swears by him ... proud of him
2219PSA6311a434figs-synecdoche0but the mouth of those who speak lies will be stopped up
2220PSA64introt6rs0

Psalm 064 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 64 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Plotting of enemies

The author's enemies have plotted against him but God has saved him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])

2221PSA641b1fkwriting-poetry0General Information:

This psalm is a prayer for help. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2222PSA641j1440For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship

2223PSA641y5d60preserve

save

2224PSA642aj26figs-metonymy0Hide me from the secret plotting of evildoers
2225PSA642czb5figs-ellipsis0from the commotion
2226PSA642u7210the commotion of the doers of iniquity
2227PSA643zhn8figs-simile0They have sharpened their tongues like swords
2228PSA643ugs8figs-metaphor0arrows, bitter words
2229PSA645blg6figs-rquestion0Who will see us?
2230PSA646jn8kfigs-metaphor0The inner thoughts and hearts of man are deep
2231PSA646mfc5figs-doublet0inner thoughts ... hearts of man

Both of these phrases refer to man's private or inner thoughts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

2232PSA647g91b0General Information:
2233PSA647a77pfigs-metaphor0But God will shoot them ... with his arrows

The writer speaks of God's punishment of the evildoers as if God were shooting arrows at them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2234PSA648xs48figs-metaphor0They will be made to stumble
2235PSA648f4zpfigs-metonymy0since their own tongues are against them
2236PSA649gv210what he has done

what God has done

2237PSA6410v64dfigs-metaphor0take refuge in him
2238PSA6410pzy4figs-idiom0all the upright in heart will take pride in him
2239PSA65introzl1t0

Psalm 065 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 65 is a psalm of praise to God.

Special concepts in this chapter

God's power

God answered prayers and gave the people justice and hope. God created nature and controls it, sending rain so the grain and pastures grow well.

2240PSA651g299writing-poetry0General Information:

This psalm is a song of praise. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2241PSA651qt1y0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship

2242PSA651ce6nfigs-personification0For you, God in Zion, our praise waits
2243PSA651sw4afigs-activepassive0our vows will be carried out to you
2244PSA653z8frfigs-personification0Iniquities prevail against us
2245PSA653wz7b0you will forgive them
2246PSA654s3250whom you choose ... your courts
2247PSA654r5l8figs-hyperbole0live in your courts
2248PSA654g4b9figs-activepassive0We will be satisfied with the goodness of your house, your holy temple
2249PSA654x47kfigs-exclusive0We will be
2250PSA654re8y0your house, your holy temple

your house, which is your holy temple

2251PSA655g2mg0In righteousness

Because you are righteous

2252PSA655q2jg0you who are

you are

2253PSA655f2m8figs-doublet0of all the ends of the earth ... across the sea
2254PSA655m7rvfigs-metonymy0of all the ends of the earth

This refers to the people who live all over the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

2255PSA656sza2figs-metaphor0you who are belted with strength
2256PSA657q7kyfigs-parallelism0the roaring of the seas, the roaring of their waves
2257PSA657r4p40roaring

a loud noise caused by the wind and waves

2258PSA657uww20the commotion of the peoples

This is also something that God makes quiet.

2259PSA657dyr90commotion

loud noise

2260PSA658u5vn0evidence

proof or something that shows that another thing is true

2261PSA658vup2figs-metonymy0you make the east and the west rejoice
2262PSA659e5cr0help the earth

This refers to the soil of the earth.

2263PSA659mt8r0you greatly enrich it

you make the soil very good so that good things will grow in it

2264PSA659rfe2figs-metonymy0the river of God is full of water
2265PSA6510zg5efigs-you0You ... you ... you ... you

The writer is speaking to Yahweh, so these words are all singular. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

2266PSA6510d2yu0its furrows

the earth's furrows

2267PSA6510v5qu0furrows

A furrow is a long narrow trench made in the ground for planting seeds or for watering the field where grains have been planted.

2268PSA6510l2ln0ridges

edges

2269PSA6511r7wmfigs-you0You ... your
2270PSA6511pc5yfigs-personification0You crown the year with your goodness
2271PSA6511q39jfigs-metaphor0your wagon tracks overflow with abundance
2272PSA6512f7hf0The pastures ... drip with dew
2273PSA6512m2dsfigs-personification0the hills are clothed with joy
2274PSA6513l7rv0The pastures are clothed with flocks

The writer speaks of the pastures as being so covered with flocks that it is like the pastures are wearing a garment.

2275PSA6513le4m0pastures

a large field where animals feed on the grass

2276PSA6513h9k90flocks

group of animals, such as sheep and goats

2277PSA6513kh7ifigs-personification0they shout for joy, and they sing
2278PSA6513e1qd0they shout
2279PSA66introxwm80

Psalm 066 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 66 is a psalm of praise.

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh saves

Just as God brought Israel through the wilderness, he took the author through hard times but saved him. The author will worship God by sacrificing animals to him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])

2280PSA661wxl5writing-poetry0General Information:

This psalm is a song of praise. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2281PSA661kzn50For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship

2282PSA661cmh2figs-metonymy0Make a joyful noise to God, all the earth
2283PSA661j76gfigs-metonymy0all the earth
2284PSA662si2ufigs-parallelism0Sing out the glory of his name; make his praise glorious
2285PSA662n3zafigs-metonymy0the glory of his name
2286PSA663sr8b0How terrifying are your deeds

The works of God cause us to be in awe and terrified because we know he is powerful and holy.

2287PSA663id4t0By the greatness of your power

Because you have great power

2288PSA664p1lnfigs-metonymy0All the earth will worship you
2289PSA664y7hifigs-metonymy0they will sing to your name
2290PSA665vn260he ... his

These words refer to God.

2291PSA665y91w0he is fearsome in his deeds toward the sons of mankind

he causes people to feel fear and wonder when they see his deeds

2292PSA665ebc30the sons of mankind

humanity

2293PSA666t4bb0He ... him

These words refer to God.

2294PSA666ipc9figs-explicit0He turned the sea into dry land; they went through the river on foot

This refers to the crossing of the Red Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

2295PSA666dbi60they went
2296PSA666c4mhfigs-inclusive0we rejoiced
2297PSA667fhu20He ... his

These words refer to God.

2298PSA667v55xfigs-synecdoche0his eyes
2299PSA667csw40let not the rebellious exalt themselves
2300PSA668p33gfigs-parallelism0Give blessing to God ... let the sound of his praise be heard

These two clauses have similar meanings. The idea is repeated to emphasize the importance of praising God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2301PSA669nub8figs-inclusive0us ... our

These words refer to David and the people he is speaking to. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-inclusive]])

2302PSA669qfj9figs-metaphor0he does not permit our feet to slip
2303PSA6611eq4qfigs-metaphor0You brought us into a net

The writer speaks of God's punishment as if God had captured his people in a net. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2304PSA6611wp2k0a net

a trap for a bird or an animal

2305PSA6611ib6nfigs-metaphor0you laid a heavy burden on our backs

The writer speaks of what the people have endured as having to carry heavy loads on their backs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2306PSA6612el5wfigs-metaphor0You made people ride over our heads
2307PSA6612ua43figs-metaphor0went through fire and water
2308PSA6612t7hrfigs-metaphor0spacious place
2309PSA6614t3nufigs-synecdoche0which my lips promised and my mouth spoke
2310PSA6615fl6u0aroma of rams

smell of the smoke of sacrificed rams

2311PSA6616kd6ifigs-synecdoche0I will declare what he has done for my soul
2312PSA6617utu4figs-synecdoche0I cried to him with my mouth
2313PSA6617s7ehfigs-activepassive0he was praised with my tongue
2314PSA6618f2m20seen sin
2315PSA6618kk8nfigs-explicit0would not have listened to me
2316PSA6619n9pafigs-parallelism0But God has truly heard; he has paid attention
2317PSA6619itl3figs-personification0the voice of my prayer
2318PSA6620sj370who has not turned away my prayer
2319PSA6620p1vbfigs-explicit0or his covenant faithfulness from me
2320PSA67introg3hz0

Psalm 067 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 67 is a worship psalm.

Special concepts in this chapter

Praise

People all over the world should be praising God.

2321PSA671w6h8writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2322PSA671v59b0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship

2323PSA671d6gg0on stringed instruments

people should play stringed instruments with this song

2324PSA671h266figs-metaphor0cause his face to shine on us
2325PSA672y8i3figs-activepassive0your ways may be known on earth
2326PSA672ahn5figs-ellipsis0your salvation among all nations
2327PSA674w7lhfigs-metonymy0let the nations ... govern the nations
2328PSA674g91t0with justice
2329PSA675e74nfigs-parallelism0Let the peoples praise you ... let all the peoples praise you

The second clause intensifies the meaning of the first to emphasize how important it is to praise God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2330PSA676ew33figs-personification0The earth has yielded its harvest
2331PSA677m77gfigs-metonymy0all the ends of the earth honor him
2332PSA68introi82v0

Psalm 068 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 68 is a worship psalm.

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's greatness

God is exceedingly great. He takes care of the weak and helpless. He is glorious in his temple. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])

No Common Theme

Scholars have found this psalm the most difficult to interpret. There does not appear to be any unity to this psalm.

2333PSA681c4xgwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2334PSA681mf9s0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship

2335PSA681e7980A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

2336PSA681ebe6figs-metaphor0Let God arise
2337PSA681e3kcfigs-activepassive0let his enemies be scattered
2338PSA682ea3vfigs-metaphor0As smoke is driven away, so drive them away
2339PSA682s3mifigs-metaphor0as wax melts before the fire
2340PSA682ea8rfigs-nominaladj0the wicked

This refers to the wicked people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])

2341PSA683s74bfigs-nominaladj0the righteous

This refers to the righteous people in general. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])

2342PSA683e8rgfigs-doublet0rejoice and be happy

These means the same thing and emphasizes the amount of joy they feel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

2343PSA684u8tdfigs-metonymy0to his name
2344PSA684mtd6figs-metaphor0the one who rides through the plains

God's presence among people is spoken of as if he rides on the earth in a horse or chariot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2345PSA685nn11figs-metaphor0A father of the fatherless
2346PSA685jev5figs-metaphor0a judge of the widows
2347PSA686ae7wfigs-metaphor0God puts the lonely into families
2348PSA686pki3figs-metaphor0he brings out the prisoners with singing
2349PSA686ri2gfigs-nominaladj0the rebellious
2350PSA686xq7kfigs-metaphor0a parched land
2351PSA687txl90General Information:

David begins to tell the story of God leading the Israelites through the desert to Mt. Sinai.

2352PSA687nqa1figs-parallelism0when you went out ... when you marched through

These two phrases refer to the same event. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2353PSA687vqt50you went out before your people

you led your people

2354PSA687ba2jfigs-metaphor0when you marched through the wilderness

God is spoken of as if he was a soldier marching ahead of the people of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2355PSA688t35q0the heavens also dropped rain ... God's presence

God caused it to rain

2356PSA688br66figs-parallelism0in the presence of God
2357PSA689p896figs-metaphor0you strengthened your inheritance when it was weary
2358PSA689h87lfigs-metaphor0your inheritance
2359PSA6810k4fwfigs-nominaladj0the poor
2360PSA6811uv8e0General Information:

David continues the story of the journey of the Israelites through the desert. In this part of the story, the Israelites are victorious in war over their enemies.

2361PSA6811t91nfigs-metaphor0those who announced them ... army
2362PSA6812bm73figs-synecdoche0Kings of armies flee, they flee
2363PSA6812gj9s0plunder

things that are taken from the defeated army and brought to the victorious army's home.

2364PSA6813u9e30doves covered with silver ... gold

This means that some of the plunder is very valuable because it is covered with precious metals.

2365PSA6813m4psfigs-rquestion0When some of you people stayed among the sheepfolds, why did you do this?
2366PSA6814zi84figs-simile0scattered kings there ... snowed on Mount Zalmon
2367PSA6814qik2figs-synecdoche0scattered kings
2368PSA6814d4j9translate-names0Mount Zalmon

This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

2369PSA6815j4i6figs-parallelism0A mighty mountain is the ... a high mountain is the
2370PSA6816g53afigs-rquestion0Why do you look in envy ... for the place he will live?
2371PSA6817gr2ntranslate-numbers0twenty thousand, thousands upon thousands
2372PSA6818z2qx0ascended
2373PSA6819g3s6figs-metaphor0daily bears our burdens
2374PSA6819t8d1figs-abstractnouns0the God who is our salvation
2375PSA6821w9jdfigs-metaphor0will strike through the heads of his enemies
2376PSA6821kk8wfigs-explicit0the hairy scalps
2377PSA6821u633figs-metaphor0walk in offenses against him
2378PSA6822f82v0I will bring them back
2379PSA6822t4dpfigs-metaphor0the depths of the sea

This speaks of the most remote parts of the earth where people might try to escape from God as if they were the depths of the sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2380PSA6823qyf9figs-metaphor0crush your enemies
2381PSA6823c62pfigs-metaphor0dipping your foot in blood
2382PSA6823g8uzfigs-metaphor0the tongues of your dogs may have their share

The bloodshed from the battle against Israel's enemies is spoken of as if it is so extensive that the dogs will lap up the flowing blood with their tongues. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2383PSA6824k3xf0processions

A procession is a group of people walking together in an orderly manner as part of a ceremony.

2384PSA6825kyt40minstrels

people who play musical instruments

2385PSA6826qq110Bless God in the assemblies; praise Yahweh, you who are from the fountain of Israel
2386PSA6826smi2figs-metaphor0from the fountain of Israel
2387PSA6827nt5p0their multitudes
2388PSA6828f4wh0Your God, Israel, has decreed your strength
2389PSA6828f4rw0Your God, Israel, has decreed

People of Israel, your God has decreed

2390PSA6828wau7figs-exclusive0to us
2391PSA6829zq5afigs-exclusive0to us
2392PSA6829isi10Reveal your power to us from your temple at Jerusalem

When you are present in the temple at Jerusalem, show us your power

2393PSA6829fem7figs-abstractnouns0Reveal your power
2394PSA6830c8e8figs-metaphor0the wild beasts in the reeds
2395PSA6830g1z9figs-metaphor0the peoples, that multitude of bulls and calves
2396PSA6830c6zu0scatter

to disperse or to cause something to spread quickly in different direction

2397PSA6831n487figs-explicit0Princes will come out of Egypt
2398PSA6831c5dxfigs-metonymy0Cush
2399PSA6831i46utranslate-symaction0reach out with her hands to God
2400PSA6832gn8gfigs-synecdoche0you kingdoms of the earth
2401PSA6833x1i6figs-ellipsis0To him who rides on the heaven of heavens
2402PSA6833npf5figs-idiom0he lifts up his voice with power
2403PSA6834a3cn0Ascribe strength to God
2404PSA6834ul58figs-abstractnouns0his strength is in the skies
2405PSA6835m2yafigs-apostrophe0God, you are fearsome in your holy place

Here the author speaks directly to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])

2406PSA6835sy6ifigs-doublet0strength and power

These two words mean basically these same thing. They emphasize how much strength God provides to his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

2407PSA69introim3w0

Psalm 069 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 69 is a psalm of deliverance. The author prays to be saved from his enemies and for them to be punished. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Deliverance

The author prays for God to rescue him from his enemies. They show him no mercy, and he asks God to show them no mercy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]])

2408PSA691emd2writing-poetry0General Information:

This psalm is a prayer for help. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2409PSA691x1w10For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship

2410PSA691jj9x0set to Shoshannim

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 45:1.

2411PSA691b6zxfigs-metaphor0for the waters have put my life in danger
2412PSA692tpg9figs-metaphor0I sink in deep mire
2413PSA692ry130mire

thick mud

2414PSA692u4k9figs-litotes0there is no place to stand

The writer uses a negative statement to stress how unstable and uncertain his condition is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-litotes]])

2415PSA692bt2vfigs-metaphor0I have come into deep waters, where the floods flow over me
2416PSA693qdk10weary

very tired

2417PSA693d5w4figs-idiom0my eyes fail
2418PSA694ks2efigs-hyperbole0more than the hairs on my head
2419PSA694v3nsfigs-idiom0cut me off
2420PSA695z5mbfigs-abstractnouns0my foolishness
2421PSA695c1z9figs-litotes0my sins are not hidden from you
2422PSA696l21p0Let not those ... let not those

Do not let those ... do not let those

2423PSA696d5j2figs-activepassive0Let not those who hope in you be put to shame because of me
2424PSA696ana6figs-activepassive0let not those who seek you be brought to dishonor because of me
2425PSA696djs5figs-metaphor0those who seek you
2426PSA697se7t0For your sake
2427PSA697td6lfigs-metaphor0I have borne rebuke
2428PSA697l47rfigs-metaphor0shame has covered my face
2429PSA698f38afigs-metaphor0I have become a stranger to my brothers
2430PSA698au3mfigs-parallelism0a stranger to my brothers ... an alien to my mother's children

These two phrases mean the same thing. They are repeated to stress his separation from his own family. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2431PSA698w5cmfigs-ellipsis0an alien to my mother's children
2432PSA699dwj8figs-personification0the zeal of your house has eaten me up
2433PSA699d4m8figs-idiom0has eaten me up
2434PSA699ckq9figs-metaphor0the rebukes ... have fallen on me
2435PSA6910y39qtranslate-symaction0I wept and did not eat food

The fact that the writer was fasting indicates that he was sad about the way people treated God's temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

2436PSA6910dn9i0they insulted me

my enemies rebuked me because of it

2437PSA6911la4htranslate-symaction0I made sackcloth my clothing

Wearing rough, cheap clothing was a symbol of mourning over sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

2438PSA6911q7ysfigs-metaphor0I became the object of a proverb
2439PSA6912m9arfigs-metonymy0Those who sit in the city gate
2440PSA6912u3uqfigs-metaphor0I am a song of drunkards
2441PSA6913t3wv0at a time that you will accept
2442PSA6913ye88figs-abstractnouns0answer me in the trustworthiness of your salvation
2443PSA6914glu5figs-parallelism0Pull me out ... do not let me sink

These two phrases mean the same thing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2444PSA6914ce9qfigs-metaphor0Pull me out of the mire, and do not let me sink
2445PSA6914q3rmfigs-idiom0let me be taken away
2446PSA6914zv92figs-ellipsis0rescued out
2447PSA6914llk8figs-metaphor0rescued out of the deep waters

The writer speaks about his danger from his enemies as if he was drowning in deep water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2448PSA6915ks55figs-metaphor0the floods of water overwhelm me

The writer speaks about his danger from his enemies as if flood waters were covering him completely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2449PSA6915d558figs-personification0the deep swallow me up
2450PSA6915iz9ufigs-personification0Do not let the pit shut its mouth on me
2451PSA6916ywk4figs-abstractnouns0your covenant faithfulness is good
2452PSA6916ir4z0your mercies for me are many

you are very merciful to me

2453PSA6916w23efigs-metaphor0turn to me
2454PSA6917l6nzfigs-idiom0Do not hide your face from your servant
2455PSA6917fq4r0in distress

in great trouble

2456PSA6918a5r7figs-metaphor0redeem me
2457PSA6918emr2figs-metaphor0ransom me
2458PSA6919jv1efigs-abstractnouns0my rebuke, my shame, and my dishonor
2459PSA6919cbu1figs-idiom0my adversaries are all before you
2460PSA6920d7kgfigs-idiom0broken my heart
2461PSA6920dm8hfigs-metaphor0I am full of heaviness
2462PSA6920zw1r0to take pity

to feel sorrow or sadness

2463PSA6921lfl7figs-metaphor0They gave me poison for my food
2464PSA6922bt4mfigs-metaphor0Let their table before them become a snare ... let it become a trap
2465PSA6922fd3hfigs-metonymy0their table
2466PSA6923v67ifigs-metaphor0Let their eyes be darkened
2467PSA6923d56nfigs-metaphor0make their loins shake
2468PSA6923rry10their loins
2469PSA6924x9dlfigs-metaphor0Pour out your indignation on them

God's demonstration of his anger is described as if he poured it out on his enemies like water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2470PSA6924j3n90indignation

anger of a person who has suffered injustice

2471PSA6924a5mh0the fierceness of your anger
2472PSA6924mws1figs-metaphor0overtake them

God's judgment on his enemies is described as if he ran after them and caught them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2473PSA6925hl9yfigs-abstractnouns0be a desolation
2474PSA6926u6910they persecuted the one

they persecuted the man

2475PSA6926q569figs-metonymy0you struck down
2476PSA6926x39cfigs-metonymy0those you have wounded
2477PSA6927ha190Accuse them of having committed iniquity after iniquity

Keep making a record of all their sins

2478PSA6927ix9p0iniquity after iniquity

very many sins

2479PSA6927fv3wfigs-idiom0do not let them come into your righteous victory
2480PSA6928qt7jfigs-metonymy0Let them be blotted out of
2481PSA6928el1yfigs-ellipsis0not be written down
2482PSA6929k8wxfigs-abstractnouns0let your salvation, God, set me up on high
2483PSA6930m7bvfigs-metonymy0the name of God
2484PSA6930bl7ifigs-abstractnouns0with thanksgiving
2485PSA6931q988figs-explicit0better than an ox or a bull
2486PSA6931axd8figs-distinguish0a bull that has horns and hooves
2487PSA6932b8xafigs-nominaladj0The meek
2488PSA6932ky6tfigs-metaphor0you who seek after God
2489PSA6932i99yfigs-synecdoche0let your hearts live
2490PSA6933arn6figs-metonymy0Yahweh hears
2491PSA6933ij3hfigs-nominaladj0the needy
2492PSA6933eag20his prisoners

those who have suffered for him

2493PSA6934k14wfigs-personification0Let heaven and earth praise him ... the seas

Here heaven and earth and the seas are spoken of as if they are people who are able to praise God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

2494PSA6934p3qbfigs-ellipsis0the seas and everything that moves in them
2495PSA6935m398figs-metonymy0God will save Zion
2496PSA6935w8jf0have it as a possession
2497PSA6936s9pkfigs-metonymy0who love his name
2498PSA70introqdg20

Psalm 070 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 70 is a psalm of deliverance. The psalmist asks God to deliver him from his enemies.

Special concepts in this chapter

Help

The author needs help and needs it immediately.

Psalm 40

This psalm is an almost exact duplicate of Psalm 40:13-17.

2499PSA701eg6fwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2500PSA701m2am0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship

2501PSA701f84m0A psalm of David

Possible meanings are 1) David wrote the psalm or 2) the psalm is about David or 3) the psalm is in the style of David's psalms.

2502PSA702f38b0those who

the people who

2503PSA702t9usfigs-idiom0take my life
2504PSA702l7y2figs-activepassive0be ashamed and humiliated
2505PSA702sxa6figs-activepassive0let them be turned back and brought to dishonor
2506PSA702g5lqfigs-metaphor0turned back
2507PSA703b66b0
2508PSA704hi48figs-metaphor0seek you
2509PSA704fiv4figs-doublet0rejoice and be glad
2510PSA704k76hfigs-abstractnouns0love your salvation
2511PSA704ymr2figs-hyperbole0always say

This exaggeration emphasizes that it is important to praise God often. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])

2512PSA704xit2figs-activepassive0May God be praised
2513PSA705k146figs-doublet0poor and needy
2514PSA705s6qafigs-metaphor0hurry to me
2515PSA705r77ifigs-parallelism0you are my help and you rescue me
2516PSA705ww8hfigs-litotes0do not delay
2517PSA71intror8sf0

Psalm 071 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 71 is a psalm of deliverance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's help

God has helped the psalmist all his life. Now that he is old, his enemy thinks that God has abandoned him; but the psalmist trusts in God and will praise Yahweh with songs of praise. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])

2518PSA711b9mdwriting-poetry0General Information:

This psalm is a prayer for help. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2519PSA711lb3wfigs-metaphor0In you, Yahweh, I take refuge
2520PSA711ew7kfigs-activepassive0let me never be put to shame
2521PSA712xl47figs-idiom0make me safe in your righteousness
2522PSA712q2dkfigs-metonymy0turn your ear to me
2523PSA712qwt10save me

keep me safe

2524PSA713a39ufigs-metaphor0Be to me a rock for refuge

The psalmist requests that Yahweh make him as safe as he would be if he were hiding in a large rock or cliff where his enemies could not find him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2525PSA713w8pz0rock ... rock

These are hills or mountains, not rocks one can hold in one's hand.

2526PSA713usz40you have given a command

you have commanded your angels

2527PSA713xd9efigs-metaphor0you are my rock and my fortress

The psalmist believes that Yahweh will protect him and make him as safe as if he were hiding on top of a large mountain or inside a man-made fortress. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2528PSA714p4mgfigs-metonymy0out of the hand of the wicked, out of the hand of the unrighteous
2529PSA714pb9afigs-ellipsis0wicked, out of the hand of the unrighteous
2530PSA714pdn5figs-nominaladj0wicked ... unrighteous ... cruel
2531PSA715tph7figs-metonymy0you are my hope
2532PSA716rmx7figs-activepassive0By you I have been supported from the womb
2533PSA716h4270you are he

you are the one

2534PSA717cq9t0I am an example to many people

Many people see how I live and want to live as I do

2535PSA718di1qfigs-synecdoche0My mouth will be filled with your praise ... with your honor
2536PSA718vh1sfigs-metonymy0your praise
2537PSA718dq42figs-metonymy0your honor
2538PSA718z7sk0all the day
2539PSA719hwz9figs-parallelism0Do not throw me away ... do not abandon me

These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2540PSA719ve6gfigs-metaphor0Do not throw me away
2541PSA719l9jz0do not abandon me

do not leave me forever

2542PSA7110wp8vfigs-explicit0watch for my life
2543PSA7111kar6figs-explicit0They say
2544PSA7111fv3j0pursue and take him

follow him when he runs away, and kill him

2545PSA7112acn7figs-metaphor0do not be far from me

Because Yahweh has not yet answered the writer's request, he speaks of Yahweh as if Yahweh were standing far away from the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2546PSA7112eu8k0hurry to help me

help me soon

2547PSA7113fkp70Let them be put to shame and destroyed, those who are hostile to my life

Let those who are hostile to my life be put to shame and destroyed

2548PSA7113zj77figs-activepassive0Let them be put to shame and destroyed
2549PSA7113m9ndfigs-synecdoche0those who are hostile to my life
2550PSA7113jq5a0let them be covered with rebuke and dishonor, those who seek my hurt

let those who seek my hurt be covered with rebuke and dishonor

2551PSA7113bfc1figs-activepassive0let them be covered with rebuke and dishonor
2552PSA7113i5m7figs-abstractnouns0those who seek my hurt
2553PSA7114ew9i0more and more
2554PSA7115ukx50My mouth will tell about your righteousness and your salvation all the day, although I cannot understand it

I do not completely understand your righteousness and your salvation, but my mouth will tell about them all the day

2555PSA7115r4ctfigs-synecdoche0My mouth will tell
2556PSA7115diu6figs-abstractnouns0your righteousness
2557PSA7115hjv1figs-abstractnouns0your salvation
2558PSA7116mem9figs-go0I will come
2559PSA7116ntp30with the mighty acts of the Lord Yahweh
2560PSA7116xcy80will make mention of

will talk about

2561PSA7117af7afigs-explicit0taught me
2562PSA7118u6gc0God, do not forsake me

God, please do not forsake me

2563PSA7118u45hfigs-abstractnouns0I have been declaring your strength
2564PSA7118bs2s0to the next generation

to those who are children today

2565PSA7118k6sbfigs-ellipsis0your power to everyone who is to come
2566PSA7118x4ymfigs-hyperbole0everyone who is to come
2567PSA7119mu1pfigs-metaphor0Your righteousness also, God, is very high

The psalmist speaks of the good things God has done as though they were put together as a high building or a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2568PSA7119a913figs-rquestion0who is like you?
2569PSA7120wi740revive

strengthen or make lively again

2570PSA7120sf33figs-metaphor0from the depths of the earth
2571PSA7121b5t30May you increase ... turn again and comfort
2572PSA7121e1ewfigs-hendiadys0turn again and comfort me
2573PSA7122ix4p0to you I will sing praises with the harp, Holy One of Israel

to you, who is the Holy One of Israel, I will sing praises while I play the harp

2574PSA7123aku6figs-synecdoche0My lips will shout for joy
2575PSA7123we4ffigs-ellipsis0even my soul, which you have redeemed
2576PSA7123ijs7figs-synecdoche0my soul
2577PSA7124wy5pfigs-synecdoche0My tongue will also talk
2578PSA7124mf6u0they have been put to shame and are confused, those who sought my hurt

those who sought my hurt have been put to shame and are confused

2579PSA7124h4mqfigs-activepassive0for they have been put to shame and are confused
2580PSA7124kz4y0those who sought my hurt
2581PSA72introh1hi0
2582PSA721u47gwriting-poetry0General Information:
2583PSA721sep9figs-123person0Give the king your righteous decrees, God, your righteousness to the king's son
2584PSA721vw1m0Give the king your righteous decrees

Enable the king to judge rightly

2585PSA721p2xgfigs-ellipsis0your righteousness to the king's son
2586PSA722d3dt0May he judge
2587PSA722d51c0your people ... your poor

The psalmist is speaking to God.

2588PSA722faw9figs-ellipsis0your poor
2589PSA723fx1zfigs-metonymy0May the mountains produce peace ... may the hills produce righteousness
2590PSA724ln6a0he ... he
2591PSA724lx1gfigs-metaphor0break in pieces the oppressor
2592PSA725qf1tfigs-metonymy0while the sun endures, and as long as the moon lasts
2593PSA726fay4figs-simile0May he come down like rain on the mown grass

The king will be good, and he will do good things for his people as if he were rain doing good for freshly cut grass. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

2594PSA726bsl90May he come

I desire that he come

2595PSA726v3stfigs-ellipsis0like showers that water
2596PSA727ch52figs-nominaladj0the righteous
2597PSA727pqr90in his days
2598PSA727r4e2figs-metaphor0may there be an abundance of peace
2599PSA727m2kdfigs-idiom0till the moon is no more
2600PSA728mm240May he have dominion

May the king have dominion

2601PSA728vh7bfigs-merism0from sea to sea, and from the River to the ends of the earth

Both of these expressions are merisms and refer to the whole earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])

2602PSA728v5fy0from sea to sea

from the Dead Sea and the Sea of Kinnereth in the east to the Mediterranean Sea in the west.

2603PSA728m3b50the River
2604PSA728dxj8figs-metaphor0the ends of the earth

as far as people could travel on land by different routes to the south. The Israelites spoke of the earth as if it were a flat surface with ends. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

2605PSA729c1h1figs-metaphor0lick the dust
2606PSA7210ds5stranslate-names0Tarshish

This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

2607PSA7210jht50render

pay

2608PSA7210h88r0offer gifts

give gifts

2609PSA7210pg7ctranslate-names0Seba

This is the name of a country. It is not the same country as Sheba. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

2610PSA7211j7ze0fall down before him
2611PSA7211ivl3figs-metonymy0all nations
2612PSA7212cj1a0no other helper

no one else to help him

2613PSA7213w2hi0He has pity on the poor and needy

He wants to stop the poor and needy from suffering

2614PSA7213dra6figs-doublet0the poor and needy
2615PSA7214iey7figs-synecdoche0redeems their lives
2616PSA7214a1wjfigs-doublet0oppression and violence
2617PSA7214gq3afigs-metonymy0their blood is precious in his sight
2618PSA7214u32y0in his sight

See how this phrase is translated in Psalms 19:14.

2619PSA7215e29xfigs-idiom0May he live!
2620PSA7215gew3figs-activepassive0May the gold of Sheba be given to him
2621PSA7215zya3figs-idiom0all day long
2622PSA7216d9j4figs-abstractnouns0abundance of grain
2623PSA7216nb8u0crops

plants that people grow for food

2624PSA7216d8rg0wave

Use the word for what long grass does when a gentle wind blows on it and it moves slowly back and forth.

2625PSA7216p8u5figs-simile0like Lebanon
2626PSA7216rl8ffigs-simile0the people flourish in the cities like the grass of the field

The prosperity of the people in the cities is spoken of as if they were grass that grows abundantly in the fields. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

2627PSA7217d3jjfigs-idiom0May his name endure forever
2628PSA7217ly6hfigs-metonymy0his name
2629PSA7217ys89figs-ellipsis0as long as the sun
2630PSA7217dq84figs-activepassive0may people be blessed in him
2631PSA7217ru3v0call him blessed

recognize that God has blessed them

2632PSA7218ti3p0General Information:

These verses are more than the end of this psalm. It is the closing statement for all of Book 2 of the Psalms, which starts at Psalm 42 and ends with Psalm 72.

2633PSA7218j629figs-activepassive0May Yahweh God, the God of Israel, be blessed
2634PSA7219nw8mfigs-activepassive0May his glorious name be blessed forever
2635PSA7219s32j0his glorious name be blessed

he, who is glorious, be blessed

2636PSA7219qe7efigs-activepassive0may the whole earth be filled with his glory
2637PSA7219q3wa0Amen and Amen
2638PSA7220ktc5figs-activepassive0The prayers of David son of Jesse are finished
2639PSA73introt2n10

Psalm 073 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 73 is a wisdom psalm. It explains the problem of wicked people who seem to prosper. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Evil people

Sometimes it seems that wicked people have no problems and everything works for them. Despite this, they will be destroyed. In contrast, the righteous always have God to help them through problems. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

Psalms by Asaph

There are twelve psalms attributed to Asaph; the first one is Psalm 50, which is in Book Two, and the other eleven (Psalm 7383) are at the beginning of Book Three.

2640PSA731p92kwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2641PSA732bq59figs-metaphor0my feet almost slipped; my feet almost slipped out from under me
2642PSA733eb9z0I was envious of the arrogant
2643PSA733jit7figs-nominaladj0the arrogant
2644PSA733k8tbfigs-abstractnouns0the prosperity of the wicked
2645PSA733tu1rfigs-nominaladj0the wicked
2646PSA734b59h0General Information:
2647PSA735uzu7figs-metonymy0the burdens of other men
2648PSA735t5qn0they are not afflicted like other men

they do not suffer the way other people do

2649PSA736kp3l0General Information:
2650PSA736r8m8figs-simile0Pride adorns them like a necklace around their neck; violence clothes them like a robe

This means the wicked show everyone how proud and violent they are as if they were wearing a necklace or beautiful robe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

2651PSA736c2uh0necklace ... robe

This refers to things that rich and important people wear.

2652PSA736fyb10necklace

a chain usually made of gold or jewels that goes around the neck

2653PSA737ttd1figs-metaphor0Out of such blindness comes sin

Because they are like blind people who cannot see where they are going, they sin without knowing it. Being blind is a metaphor for a person being unable to see how wicked he is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2654PSA737l8frfigs-metaphor0evil thoughts pass through their hearts
2655PSA738alc50General Information:
2656PSA738fmq4figs-explicit0They mock
2657PSA739b91pfigs-metonymy0They set their mouth against the heavens
2658PSA739cln7figs-synecdoche0their tongues march through the earth
2659PSA7310t3at0General Information:
2660PSA7310ack40his people turn to them
2661PSA7310k4em0abundant waters are drained out
2662PSA7311k4v10They say

the wicked people say

2663PSA7311iqv8figs-rquestion0How does God know? Is there knowledge with the Most High?
2664PSA7313i3dh0General Information:
2665PSA7313m4jl0I have
2666PSA7313l9btfigs-metaphor0guarded my heart
2667PSA7313v713figs-metaphor0washed my hands in innocence
2668PSA7314svu50all the day long
2669PSA7314gtr90I have been afflicted
2670PSA7314c72g0I have been ... disciplined

I have been ... punished

2671PSA7315c23cfigs-hypo0
2672PSA7316z5qd0these things
2673PSA7317r3rj0their fate
2674PSA7318n9na0put them
2675PSA7318pt490slippery places
2676PSA7319b63lfigs-metaphor0How they become a wilderness in a moment
2677PSA7320d2qffigs-simile0like a dream after one wakes up

The wicked will last no longer than what a person sees in a dream. It disappears as soon as the person wakes up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

2678PSA7321dz6zfigs-synecdoche0my heart was grieved
2679PSA7321r3jvfigs-metaphor0I was deeply wounded
2680PSA7322ei39figs-doublet0ignorant and lacked insight
2681PSA7322sb920lacked insight

understood nothing

2682PSA7322xw9q0you
2683PSA7323v8cf0I am always with you
2684PSA7323mif5figs-synecdoche0you hold my right hand
2685PSA7324yt7j0receive me to glory
2686PSA7325l5a5figs-rquestion0Whom have I in heaven but you?
2687PSA7325p7l40in heaven
2688PSA7326u7tmfigs-doublet0My flesh and my heart
2689PSA7327zd6j0General Information:

Asaph continues to talk about God.

2690PSA7327i4nrfigs-metaphor0Those who are far from you
2691PSA7328s5plfigs-metaphor0my refuge

The writer speaks of Yahweh as if he were a place to which a person could flee for safety. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2692PSA74intrond5v0
2693PSA741vy9vwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2694PSA741k7ui0A maschil

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1.

2695PSA741c2uvfigs-rquestion0God, why have you rejected us forever?
2696PSA741nb2ufigs-rquestion0Why does your anger burn against the sheep of your pasture?
2697PSA741ap93figs-metaphor0the sheep of your pasture
2698PSA742wr2p0Call to mind
2699PSA742n7ia0your own heritage

yours forever

2700PSA743i8hy0General Information:

These verses describe an actual event, a physical attack on the temple of Israel in Jerusalem.

2701PSA743vn6h0Come look

Asaph is addressing God, asking him to come look at the destruction.

2702PSA744df7h0roared

The adversaries were shouting loudly with a great cry of victory.

2703PSA746sqm20engravings

This refers to carvings on wood, metal, or stone in the temple.

2704PSA747d2f60General Information:

Asaph continues to describe the destruction of the temple.

2705PSA747h8rv0They ... they
2706PSA748dt7g0They ... They
2707PSA748aq36figs-idiom0They said in their hearts
2708PSA749c4rh0General Information:

Asaph is addressing God about the destruction he sees.

2709PSA749y2uqfigs-metaphor0We do not see any more signs
2710PSA7410d7acfigs-rquestion0How long, God, will the enemy throw insults at you?
2711PSA7410qxe3figs-rquestion0Will the enemy blaspheme your name forever?
2712PSA7410nv8xfigs-metonymy0blaspheme your name
2713PSA7411mc4ffigs-rquestion0Why do you hold back your hand, your right hand?
2714PSA7411m38yfigs-metonymy0hold back your hand
2715PSA7411hk110your right hand

your strongest hand

2716PSA7411nc4lfigs-metonymy0Take your right hand from your garment
2717PSA7412n2ul0General Information:

This begins a new theme: Asaph is proclaiming God's mighty deeds in the history of his people.

2718PSA7412r8vz0God has been my king from ancient times
2719PSA7412tqm1figs-abstractnouns0bringing salvation
2720PSA7413gap9figs-explicit0You divided ... in the waters

Asaph is probably speaking of the time God brought Israel out of Egypt, divided the Sea of Reeds, led Israel through it on dry land, then drowned Pharaoh's army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

2721PSA7413ag39figs-personification0You divided the sea by your strength
2722PSA7413r6uh0the sea

the great water

2723PSA7413f387figs-metaphor0you smashed the heads of the sea monsters in the waters
2724PSA7414t17u0General Information:

Asaph continues to speak of what God did long ago. He is probably speaking of when God brought Israel out of Egypt and drowned Pharaoh's army in the Sea of Reeds. If possible, these words should be translated literally.

2725PSA7414dzv3figs-metaphor0leviathan

Leviathan is a sea monster. It represents a cruel enemy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2726PSA7415dqs2figs-metaphor0You broke open springs and streams
2727PSA7416i6gg0General Information:

Asaph continues to recount God's creative power.

2728PSA7417h3n10the borders of the earth

the boundaries of the land and the sea

2729PSA7418c6xs0General Information:

Asaph is pleading for God's help.

2730PSA7418g7dqfigs-idiom0Call to mind
2731PSA7418x7xkfigs-metaphor0the enemy hurled insults at you
2732PSA7419x5rcfigs-metaphor0the life of your dove
2733PSA7419zrd50dove

A small, defenseless bird often kept as a pet.

2734PSA7419tp9afigs-metaphor0a wild animal
2735PSA7419rgi5figs-litotes0Do not forget forever the life of your oppressed people
2736PSA7420y6si0General Information:

Asaph continues his lament to Yahweh.

2737PSA7420x6j9figs-metaphor0the dark regions of the land are full of places of violence
2738PSA7420ul6rfigs-metaphor0the dark regions of the land
2739PSA7421b3w60Do not let the oppressed be turned back in shame

Do not let wicked people defeat the oppressed and make them ashamed

2740PSA7421l26m0the oppressed

These are people who are treated cruelly by powerful people.

2741PSA7421z7yjfigs-doublet0the poor and oppressed
2742PSA7422be6c0defend your own honor

show everyone that you are right

2743PSA7422a6kn0call to mind
2744PSA7423c7dcfigs-metonymy0the voice of your adversaries
2745PSA7423n9n5figs-ellipsis0or the uproar of those who continually defy you
2746PSA7423cyg80defy

boldly oppose

2747PSA75intrortb10

Psalm 075 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 75 is a wisdom psalm; teaching what will happen to evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Punishment

God has warned the evil people that they will be punished. He will strengthen the good people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]])

2748PSA751nc37writing-poetry0General Information:

The people of God are speaking in 75:1, and God speaks in 75:2-3. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2749PSA751isd50For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship

2750PSA751wue50set to Al Tashheth

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 57:1.

2751PSA751tu5l0A psalm of Asaph
2752PSA753a6n90all the inhabitants

all the people who live on it

2753PSA753xv9lfigs-metaphor0make steady the earth's pillars
2754PSA754ix6pfigs-nominaladj0I said to the arrogant ... and to the wicked
2755PSA754wl2r0I said

Possible meanings are 1) God is speaking or 2) Asaph is speaking.

2756PSA754yz7yfigs-pronouns0Do not be arrogant ... Do not lift

The speaker is speaking to many wicked people, so these forms are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])

2757PSA754wg7kfigs-metaphor0Do not lift up the horn
2758PSA755zai8figs-pronouns0Do not lift up your ... do not speak

The speaker is speaking to many wicked people, so these forms are plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])

2759PSA755dl75figs-metaphor0Do not lift up your horn to the heights
2760PSA755cfl3figs-idiom0with an insolent neck
2761PSA756eqm6figs-metonymy0It is not from the east ... that lifting up comes
2762PSA757h39y0General Information:

Asaph speaks about God.

2763PSA757ii5hfigs-explicit0he brings down and he lifts up
2764PSA758hs8pfigs-metaphor0a cup of foaming wine ... mixed with spices

When Yahweh punishes the people they will be like people who have drunk strong wine and become ill. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2765PSA758w9azfigs-metaphor0foaming wine
2766PSA758gn3y0spices

dried leaves or ground seeds

2767PSA758i9280pours it out

pours it from a large container into the cups that the people will drink from

2768PSA758x1zf0drink it to the last drop

drink every drop of it

2769PSA7510vl5i0He says

God says

2770PSA7510eip6figs-metaphor0cut off all the horns of
2771PSA7510qr6bfigs-metaphor0the horns of the righteous will be raised up
2772PSA76introml6q0

Psalm 076 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 76 is a worship psalm.

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's greatness

God is great. He has conquered all the nations surrounding Israel. Everyone should bring him gifts.

2773PSA761qjr7writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2774PSA761ps6c0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship

2775PSA761ec3c0on stringed instruments

people should play stringed instruments with this song.

2776PSA761a8wr0A psalm of Asaph
2777PSA761l8460made himself known in Judah
2778PSA761mmj6figs-metonymy0his name is great in Israel
2779PSA762z5vd0his dwelling place

the place where he has chosen to live

2780PSA763e4xpfigs-metaphor0There he broke the arrows of the bow, the shield, the sword, and the other weapons of war

These words are probably a metaphor for God causing the people of Judah to live in peace without being afraid of enemies making war on them, but the words should be translated literally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2781PSA764z2fb0General Information:

Asaph speaks of God as if God was a soldier returning from a mountain after winning a great battle.

2782PSA764h3jmfigs-doublet0You shine brightly and reveal your glory

The second phrase strengthens the first phrase in that Yahweh's glory relates to Yahweh shining brightly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

2783PSA764zyy2figs-metaphor0You shine brightly
2784PSA765at6ffigs-activepassive0The bravehearted were plundered
2785PSA765xyy9figs-euphemism0fell asleep
2786PSA766zz9ffigs-abstractnouns0At your rebuke
2787PSA766uud7figs-euphemism0fell asleep
2788PSA767tzq2figs-rquestion0who can stand in your sight when you are angry?
2789PSA768gys70you made your judgment heard
2790PSA768ls8sfigs-metonymy0the earth was
2791PSA769rt430execute judgment
2792PSA7610ylu20Surely your angry judgment

It is certain that your angry judgment

2793PSA7610wqa60your angry judgment against humanity will bring you praise
2794PSA7610f4xefigs-metaphor0you gird yourself with what is left of your anger
2795PSA7611kw7a0him who is to be feared

Yahweh, whom they should fear

2796PSA7612vwa6figs-idiom0He cuts off the spirit of the princes
2797PSA7612qgb5figs-activepassive0he is feared by the kings of the earth
2798PSA77introks6q0

Psalm 077 General Notes

Type of psalm

The author felt abandoned by God. This is a psalm of lament. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Lament

God used to be close to the psalmist, but now it seems that God has completely abandoned him. Long ago, God took care of Israel and brought the people safely through the sea.

2799PSA771r8ddwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2800PSA771t66u0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship

2801PSA771cek3translate-names0Jeduthun

One of David's chief musicians had this same name. This may refer to him. See how you translated this in Psalms 39:1. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

2802PSA772hz8d0I stretched my hands out

I prayed with my arms extended

2803PSA772a5ddfigs-synecdoche0My soul refused to be comforted
2804PSA773kq82figs-parallelism0I thought of God as I groaned; I thought about him as I grew faint

These two phrases share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2805PSA773cc7s0as I grew faint
2806PSA774lga20General Information:

After speaking about God, Asaph speaks to God in verse 4 and then returns to speaking about God.

2807PSA774kc230You held my eyes open

I said to God, 'You held my eyes open.'

2808PSA774bfk2figs-metonymy0held my eyes open
2809PSA775u2n5figs-parallelism0the days of old, about times long past
2810PSA776i4r9figs-idiom0I called to mind
2811PSA776kh2e0what had happened
2812PSA777ie4qfigs-doublet0Will the Lord reject me forever? Will he never again show me favor?

These two phrases express feeling rejection from the Lord. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

2813PSA777gat10show me favor

do things that show that he is pleased with me

2814PSA778ydt20General Information:

Because Asaph was not sure of the answer to these questions, they are probably literal questions and should be translated literally.

2815PSA778d9gmfigs-abstractnouns0Was his covenant faithfulness gone forever?
2816PSA779q3fwfigs-doublet0Had God forgotten to be gracious? Had his anger shut off his compassion?

These are two expressions stating similar concept of God not showing compassion. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

2817PSA779qup5figs-personification0Had his anger shut off his compassion
2818PSA7710v28j0I said

Possible meanings are 1) the psalmist was speaking to himself or 2) the psalmist was speaking to Yahweh.

2819PSA7710m81ufigs-metonymy0the changing of the right hand of the Most High toward us
2820PSA7711xb3t0General Information:

The writer begins to speak to Yahweh.

2821PSA7711esp5figs-idiom0call to mind
2822PSA7711ul2k0your wonderful deeds of old

the wonderful things you did long ago

2823PSA7712br6vfigs-doublet0I will ponder all your deeds and will reflect on them.

These two phrases express the concept of meditating on what Yahweh has done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

2824PSA7712vsp70ponder

think deeply about

2825PSA7712ju2f0reflect on them

think of what they mean

2826PSA7713hk880General Information:

The writer continues to speak to Yahweh.

2827PSA7713tr7zfigs-rquestion0what god compares to our great God?
2828PSA7714vh9mfigs-abstractnouns0revealed your strength among the peoples
2829PSA7715nc870gave your people victory ... the descendants

gave us, your people, victory ... us who are the descendants

2830PSA7715cz77figs-abstractnouns0gave your people victory
2831PSA7715ani30the descendants of Jacob and Joseph

This refers to the entire nation of Israel.

2832PSA7716ms5ufigs-personification0The waters saw you ... they were afraid ... the depths trembled

Asaph speaks of the water as if it were a person who saw something that terrified him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

2833PSA7716a22hfigs-doublet0the waters saw you, and they were afraid; the depths trembled
2834PSA7716yh2l0depths

deepest waters

2835PSA7717cbk2figs-personification0The clouds poured down water
2836PSA7717cil6figs-metaphor0your arrows flew about
2837PSA7717x29a0flew

Use your language's word for what an arrow does after someone shoots it.

2838PSA7718ks1jfigs-personification0thunderous voice
2839PSA7718nr2pfigs-hyperbole0lightning lit up the world
2840PSA7719mc1kfigs-doublet0Your path ... your way

These two phrases have similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

2841PSA7719xj78figs-personification0your footprints

Asaph is speaking of Yahweh as if Yahweh was a person with feet. While this is personification, it should be translated literally, if possible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

2842PSA7719k4y3figs-activepassive0your footprints were not seen
2843PSA7720iq66figs-simile0You led your people like a flock

This simile compares God's people to a flock of animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

2844PSA7720w73a0by the hand of
2845PSA7720m5wnfigs-synecdoche0hand
2846PSA78introgrf10
2847PSA781w9rfwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2848PSA781n8s40A maschil

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1.

2849PSA781d6i3figs-abstractnouns0Hear my teaching
2850PSA781eqz7figs-synecdoche0the words of my mouth
2851PSA782h2dbfigs-idiom0open my mouth in parables
2852PSA782z2j20sing about
2853PSA782wp1x0hidden things

If your language has a word for sayings that are purposely difficult to understand, you might use it here.

2854PSA783l6qu0General Information:

Verse 3 continues the sentence begun in verse 2.

2855PSA784ypn20We will not keep them from their descendants
2856PSA784n25r0the praiseworthy deeds of Yahweh

the things we praise Yahweh for

2857PSA785py7k0he established

Yahweh established

2858PSA785vj5d0covenant decrees
2859PSA787mlc70General Information:
2860PSA789m1ru0The Ephraimites ... day of battle

This is possibly a metaphor for not keeping the covenant (verse 10), but it is best to translate literally.

2861PSA789xu770The Ephraimites

The Ephraimite soldiers

2862PSA789v8affigs-explicit0were armed with bows
2863PSA7812yx1ltranslate-names0land of Zoan

This refers to the area around the city of Zoan, which was in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

2864PSA7815era10He split

God split

2865PSA7815c2kxfigs-hyperbole0enough to fill the depths of the sea
2866PSA7816sa5m0streams

small rivers

2867PSA7818tv840They challenged God

They wanted God to prove that he could do what he said he would do before they would believe him.

2868PSA7818ms110in their hearts

with their whole hearts

2869PSA7818x27j0to satisfy their appetites

so they could eat as much as they desired

2870PSA7819di5n0They spoke

the Israelites spoke

2871PSA7819gpm7figs-rquestion0Can God really lay out a table for us in the wilderness?
2872PSA7819ui27figs-idiom0lay out a table
2873PSA7820xnn40waters gushed out

much water came out quickly

2874PSA7820pe8wfigs-rquestion0But can he give bread also? Will he provide meat for his people?
2875PSA7820crp3figs-rquestion0bread ... meat

food from plants or food from animals. Though this is a merism for all kinds of food, it is best to translate it literally if possible. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

2876PSA7821fd1kfigs-metaphor0his fire burned against Jacob
2877PSA7821wp710Jacob

This refers to the nation of Israel

2878PSA7821k1ppfigs-personification0his anger attacked Israel
2879PSA7822ze3v0did not trust in his salvation

did not trust him to save them

2880PSA7823er7jfigs-personification0he commanded the skies
2881PSA7823bs7u0skies
2882PSA7823wx6jfigs-metaphor0opened the doors of the sky
2883PSA7824mrr50He rained down manna for them to eat, and gave them the grain from heaven

These two lines speak of the same event.

2884PSA7824u9dw0He rained down manna

He caused manna to fall from the sky like rain

2885PSA7825l158figs-synecdoche0the bread of angels
2886PSA7825a5x1figs-abstractnouns0food in abundance
2887PSA7826t8wt0He caused

God caused

2888PSA7827f33hfigs-metaphor0He rained down meat on them like dust
2889PSA7827x2ac0meat

birds

2890PSA7827mw2hfigs-hyperbole0as numerous as the sands of the sea

No one can count the grains of sand. There were more birds than anyone could count, but this is an exaggeration: there were probably not literally the same number of birds as grains of sand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])

2891PSA7829uu980craved

strongly desired

2892PSA7831sne10Then

while the food was still in their mouths (Psalms 78:31)

2893PSA7831pz58figs-personification0God's anger attacked them
2894PSA7831qn52figs-euphemism0brought down
2895PSA7832lg44figs-metonymy0did not believe his wonderful deeds
2896PSA7833wg5l0General Information:

The writer continues telling of what God did to the Israelites.

2897PSA7833k4p9figs-euphemism0cut short their days
2898PSA7833b6nkfigs-metaphor0their years were filled with terror
2899PSA7834njc9figs-idiom0to seek him

to ask him what they needed to do so he would protect them (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

2900PSA7834y7s90afflicted them, they would ... they would return and look
2901PSA7834kt480would return
2902PSA7834ut520look earnestly
2903PSA7835nd5q0General Information:

The tells of what the Israelites did.

2904PSA7835g7l10call to mind
2905PSA7835lz71figs-metaphor0God was their rock
2906PSA7835xc3l0their rescuer

the one who rescued them

2907PSA7836bh830flatter him

tell him he was wonderful when they did not believe it

2908PSA7836u1msfigs-metonymy0with their mouth
2909PSA7837dml1figs-idiom0their hearts were not firmly fixed on him
2910PSA7838zr2s0forgave their iniquity

forgave them even though they had done evil deeds

2911PSA7838x9x1figs-metaphor0held back his anger
2912PSA7838n79lfigs-metaphor0did not stir up all his wrath
2913PSA7839uw3mfigs-idiom0called to mind
2914PSA7839kj81figs-metonymy0they were made of flesh
2915PSA7840pfz70the barren regions

places where nothing grows

2916PSA7841e1t40they challenged God

They wanted God to prove that he could do what he said he would do before they would believe him. See how you translated this in Psalms 78:18.

2917PSA7842hig20General Information:

The writer speaks of how God had rescued the Israelites.

2918PSA7843m414translate-names0Zoan

a city in Egypt (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

2919PSA7844f9kn0General Information:

The writer describes what God did.

2920PSA7845k7ba0swarms of flies

so many flies that it looked like a cloud

2921PSA7845iz2ffigs-metaphor0that devoured them

The flies made the Egyptians almost as unhappy as they would have if they had eaten the Egyptians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])

2922PSA7845bl660overran their land

went everywhere in their land

2923PSA7846ze3g0gave their crops to the grasshopper and their labor to the locust

allowed the grasshoppers to eat all their crops and allowed the locusts to eat everything they had worked hard to produce

2924PSA7846wy2b0grasshopper

a plant-eating insect with long legs used for jumping

2925PSA7846w8fufigs-metaphor0He gave their crops to the grasshopper
2926PSA7846n1cmfigs-metaphor0their labor to the locust
2927PSA7847wa4x0General Information:

The writer continues to describe what God did to the Egyptians.

2928PSA7847kzp70sycamore

a tree that gives fruit

2929PSA7848m24k0lightning bolts

lightning that makes loud thunder

2930PSA7848w4nt0He rained hail
2931PSA7849jlg2figs-personification0The fierceness of his anger lashed out against them
2932PSA7849f8zm0The fierceness of his anger

His fierce anger

2933PSA7849qct30lashed out against them

attacked them when they were not expecting anything to happen

2934PSA7849eh6afigs-personification0He sent wrath, fury, and trouble like agents who bring disaster
2935PSA7849p12j0fury

anger that makes someone want to harm others

2936PSA7850wz8d0General Information:

The writer continues to describe what God did to the Egyptians.

2937PSA7850fr3ifigs-metaphor0He leveled a path for his anger
2938PSA7850p57t0he did not spare them from death
2939PSA7850d3e4figs-metaphor0gave them over to the plague
2940PSA7851kng7figs-idiom0the firstborn of their strength
2941PSA7851a3cwfigs-metonymy0in the tents of Ham
2942PSA7852s28c0General Information:

The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel.

2943PSA7852bep8figs-simile0like sheep ... like a flock

The writer speaks about the Israelites as if they were sheep. This means God cared for and protected the people like a shepherd does his sheep. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

2944PSA7853fxw60overwhelmed

completely covered

2945PSA7854w66a0General Information:

The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel.

2946PSA7854bzp1figs-metonymy0his right hand acquired
2947PSA7855er9f0assigned them their inheritance
2948PSA7855ph3lfigs-idiom0in their tents
2949PSA7856ft4l0General Information:

The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel.

2950PSA7856be26figs-doublet0challenged and defied

These words mean almost the same thing. The writer uses them both to emphasize that the Israelites did not believe that God would either provide for them or punish evil as he had said he would. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

2951PSA7856n34f0challenged

They wanted God to prove that he could do what he said he would do before they would believe him. See how you translated this idea in Psalms 78:18.

2952PSA7856wzz70defied

refused to obey

2953PSA7857dcj9figs-doublet0were unfaithful and acted treacherously

These words mean almost the same thing. The writer uses them both to emphasize that the Israelites did not do for God what they had said they would do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

2954PSA7858s4jj0General Information:

The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel.

2955PSA7858um4cfigs-parallelism0made him angry with their high places and provoked him to jealous anger with their idols

These two phrases are in parallel and have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2956PSA7860g4ie0General Information:

The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel.

2957PSA7861l5jmfigs-metonymy0He allowed his strength to be captured and gave his glory into the enemy's hand
2958PSA7862af4s0General Information:

The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel.

2959PSA7862j359figs-metaphor0He handed his people over to the sword
2960PSA7862tj9q0he was angry with his heritage

he was angry with the people he had said would be his forever

2961PSA7863zrz5figs-metaphor0Fire devoured their young men
2962PSA7863fil50devoured
2963PSA7863l8nc0wedding

the celebration when people marry

2964PSA7864t7ajfigs-metonymy0Their priests fell by the sword
2965PSA7864zgw60their widows could not weep

Possible meanings are 1) someone forced the widows not to weep or 2) so many priests died that there was no time for proper funerals.

2966PSA7864cve40widows

women whose husbands have died

2967PSA7865p4dsfigs-metaphor0the Lord awakened as one from sleep
2968PSA7865ny1d0like a warrior who shouts because of wine

Possible meanings are 1) like a warrior who had drunk too much wine and has become angry because he was awakened and so wants to fight or 2) like a warrior who drank much wine but is now able to think and fight well because he has slept.

2969PSA7867wl1g0General Information:

The writer continues to describe what God did for the people of Israel.

2970PSA7867rr45figs-metonymy0the tent of Joseph
2971PSA7867fzh70Joseph ... Ephraim

Ephraim was Joseph's son.

2972PSA7868as8e0Judah ... Mount Zion

Mount Zion was in the land where the tribe of Judah lived.

2973PSA7869dkr9figs-simile0He built his sanctuary like the heavens
2974PSA7869bq5qfigs-ellipsis0like the earth
2975PSA7870w3bv0General Information:

The writer continues to describe what God did

2976PSA7870c6qmfigs-explicit0from the sheepfolds
2977PSA7870c6y90sheepfolds

spaces with walls around them where sheep are kept safe

2978PSA7871x189figs-metaphor0to be shepherd of Jacob, his people, and of Israel, his heritage
2979PSA7871f6sh0his heritage
2980PSA7872q2pefigs-metaphor0David shepherded them
2981PSA79introk1lh0

Psalm 079 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 79 is a deliverance psalm and a prayer for revenge against their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Destruction

Jerusalem has been destroyed and its people killed. God should destroy these enemy nations who do not pray to him.

2982PSA791q2wfwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2983PSA791yd8b0your inheritance
2984PSA793da6vfigs-metonymy0They have shed their blood like water
2985PSA794ab9wfigs-metonymy0We have become a reproach for our neighbors, mocking and derision to those who are around us
2986PSA794kc2x0We have become
2987PSA794beg90derision

strong laughter to shame a person

2988PSA795us3yfigs-rquestion0How long will your jealous anger burn like fire?
2989PSA795fx6vfigs-abstractnouns0will your jealous anger burn
2990PSA795g11jfigs-simile0burn like fire
2991PSA796dj2lfigs-parallelism0General Information:

These two pairs of phrases each share similar meanings and are combined for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2992PSA796ez9dfigs-metaphor0Pour out your wrath on the nations
2993PSA796b6qdfigs-metonymy0do not call upon your name
2994PSA797wy1bfigs-metonymy0they have devoured Jacob
2995PSA798l3hg0Do not hold the sins of our forefathers against us
2996PSA798wp6efigs-metaphor0we are very low
2997PSA799el14figs-abstractnouns0God of our salvation
2998PSA799bk3kfigs-metonymy0for the sake of the glory of your name
2999PSA799m8z9figs-metonymy0for your name's sake
3000PSA7910pgc2figs-rquestion0
3001PSA7910q444figs-rquestion0Where is their God?
3002PSA7910syh5figs-metonymy0May the blood of your servants that was shed be avenged on the nations before our eyes
3003PSA7910b56d0before our eyes
3004PSA7911ppy3figs-metaphor0May the groans of the prisoners come before you
3005PSA7911ggp2figs-idiom0children of death
3006PSA7912mm85figs-metaphor0Pay back ... the insults ... Lord
3007PSA7912guy10Pay back
3008PSA7912v85qfigs-metaphor0into the laps
3009PSA7913uf6hfigs-metaphor0we your people and sheep of your pasture will give you thanks
3010PSA7913qt1i0tell your praises to all generations

make sure that all generations to come know all the good things you have done

3011PSA7913y9uxfigs-metonymy0your praises
3012PSA80introlis50

Psalm 080 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 80 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's help

Israel's enemies threaten them. The psalmist asks Yahweh to look down with joy on them, then they will be saved. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Metaphor

The author uses an extended metaphor of Israel as a vine planted by God which is being uprooted. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

3013PSA801ijk8writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3014PSA801lsl80For the chief musician
3015PSA801gk4a0set to the Shoshannim

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 45:1.

3016PSA801q2t5figs-metaphor0Shepherd of Israel

Asaph is referring to God as the one who leads and protects Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

3017PSA801aa1afigs-metaphor0you who lead Joseph like a flock
3018PSA801zxu9figs-metonymy0Joseph

Here Joseph represents the nation of Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

3019PSA801w585figs-explicit0you who sit above the cherubim
3020PSA801qzy5figs-metaphor0shine on us
3021PSA802k49sfigs-idiom0stir up your power
3022PSA803yn32figs-metaphor0make your face shine on us
3023PSA803h5vgfigs-activepassive0and we will be saved
3024PSA804h8am0your people

Israel

3025PSA805xu1mfigs-metaphor0You have fed them with the bread of tears and given them tears to drink in great quantities
3026PSA807p7tt0General Information:

Asaph is speaking on behalf of the people of Israel. He begins in verse 8 to speak of the way God settled Israel in their land as if God were a man who cleared ground and planted a grapevine. The image of the grapevine continues through verse 16.

3027PSA807m1s6figs-metaphor0make your face shine on us
3028PSA807s2tpfigs-activepassive0we will be saved
3029PSA808wf8lfigs-metaphor0You brought a vine out of Egypt
3030PSA808bze6figs-metaphor0you drove out nations and transplanted it
3031PSA809p51xfigs-metaphor0General Information:

Asaph continues speaking of Israel in their land as if Israel were a grapevine in a vineyard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

3032PSA809da430You cleared the land for it

You cleared the land for the vine

3033PSA809z9lb0it took root
3034PSA809g1jw0filled the land

its branches covered the land

3035PSA8010fi6afigs-activepassive0The mountains were covered with its shade, the cedars of God by its branches
3036PSA8010bmv4figs-ellipsis0the cedars of God by its branches
3037PSA8010rx8y0cedars of God
3038PSA8011x87h0the sea

the Mediterranean Sea to the west of Israel

3039PSA8011rmb10shoots

the parts of new plants that are just starting to grow above the ground

3040PSA8012un6e0General Information:

Asaph continues speaking of Israel in their land as if Israel were a grapevine in a vineyard.

3041PSA8012fi840its walls

walls of stone, not of wood

3042PSA8013pyu2translate-unknown0boars

wild pigs that ruin gardens and farms and attack people. If your readers do not know what these are, use the word for a wild animal that ruins gardens and farms and attacks people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

3043PSA8013l9qw0forest

land where there are many trees

3044PSA8013sl1n0beasts

wild animals of any kind

3045PSA8013q1bx0field

land where there are many plants but no trees

3046PSA8014fln70General Information:

Asaph finishes speaking of Israel in their land as if Israel were a grapevine in a vineyard.

3047PSA8014ifq4figs-explicit0Turn back
3048PSA8014z9yp0take notice

look at

3049PSA8014n1vpfigs-metaphor0this vine

The writer continues comparing the nation of Israel to the vine. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

3050PSA8015am7wfigs-metonymy0This is the root that your right hand planted
3051PSA8015zd8b0shoot

the part of a new plant that is just starting to grow above the ground. See how you translated this in Psalms 80:11.

3052PSA8016k41m0down; they perish because of your rebuke
3053PSA8017rs8sfigs-metonymy0your hand

This refers to Yahweh's power and control. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

3054PSA8017t6vzfigs-synecdoche0the man of your right hand

the nation of Israel, which Yahweh has chosen as his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

3055PSA8017pxv7figs-idiom0right hand

When a man in Israel wanted to honor another man, he would have that other man stand at his right side, close to his right hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

3056PSA8018hml7figs-metaphor0we will not turn away from you
3057PSA8019sz4hfigs-metaphor0shine on us
3058PSA8019q2flfigs-activepassive0we will be saved
3059PSA81introdvt70
3060PSA811m6jfwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3061PSA811v66t0A psalm of Asaph

A psalm that Asaph wrote.

3062PSA811f39e0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship;

3063PSA811mdg70set to the Gittith

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 8:1.

3064PSA811thx5figs-abstractnouns0God our strength
3065PSA811e6idfigs-synecdoche0the God of Jacob
3066PSA812ft8a0play the tambourine, the pleasant lyre with the harp

These are musical instruments.

3067PSA812cm4stranslate-unknown0tambourine

a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

3068PSA813rlg90the new moon

This is the beginning of the lunar month.

3069PSA813d9nm0the day of the full moon

This is the middle of the lunar month.

3070PSA813k5wx0when our feast day begins

and on the days when our feasts begin

3071PSA814aq4w0For it
3072PSA814q9gyfigs-activepassive0a decree given by the God of Jacob
3073PSA814pf9kfigs-synecdoche0the God of Jacob
3074PSA815n95q0issued it as a regulation

gave it as a law

3075PSA815l2ynfigs-synecdoche0in Joseph
3076PSA815qm81figs-explicit0when he went against the land of Egypt

This refers to the historical events in Egypt when the people of Israel were enslaved and God rescued them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

3077PSA815i688figs-metonymy0the land of Egypt
3078PSA816j91r0General Information:

Here God begins speaking.

3079PSA816wgu2figs-synecdoche0removed the burden from his shoulder
3080PSA816r64sfigs-synecdoche0his hands were freed from holding the basket
3081PSA817hx7m0In your distress

In your great suffering

3082PSA817wi77figs-explicit0I answered you from a dark thundercloud

When God came to the Israelites, he hid the fullness of his presence and glory in a dark and threatening cloud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

3083PSA817u6w7figs-explicit0I tested you at the waters of Meribah

God tested the children of Israel to see if they would trust him to supply water in the desert of Meribah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

3084PSA818d1bd0General Information:

Yahweh reminds the people what he said while they were in the desert.

3085PSA818nrg30for I will warn you

because I am giving you a warning

3086PSA818eir9figs-metonymy0Israel
3087PSA818p48d0if you would only listen to me!
3088PSA8110pl1bfigs-metaphor0Open your mouth wide, and I will fill it

God taking care of all the needs of the people is spoken of as if he were a mother bird feeding her baby birds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

3089PSA8111e2fa0General Information:

Now Yahweh tells what actually happened after he warned the people.

3090PSA8111h3st0to my words
3091PSA8112h3ucfigs-metaphor0So I gave them over to their own stubborn way
3092PSA8113ttu3figs-metaphor0oh, that my people would walk in my paths
3093PSA8114ex41figs-metonymy0turn my hand against
3094PSA8115xkc3figs-123person0who hate Yahweh ... before him
3095PSA8115yp2m0cringe in fear
3096PSA8115pck7figs-activepassive0May they be humiliated forever
3097PSA8116q9k3figs-metaphor0I would feed Israel with the finest wheat
3098PSA8116ix1f0feed Israel ... satisfy you
3099PSA8116vv42figs-explicit0honey out of the rock

This refers to wild honey. Bees would build hives in the holes in rocks and make the honey there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

3100PSA82introa4le0

Psalm 082 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 82 is a psalm of judgment against the leaders of the other nations. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Favoritism

The leaders of the nations need to protect the poor and needy and not to favor the evil rich people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/favor]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Metonymy

The leaders of the nations are represented by their gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]])

3101PSA821why9writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3102PSA821c9rs0the divine assembly
3103PSA821xb2bfigs-abstractnouns0he renders judgment
3104PSA821x4p70the gods
3105PSA822h4lpfigs-rquestion0How long will you judge unjustly and show favoritism to the wicked?

Yahweh uses a question to rebuke the gods for not judging people fairly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

3106PSA823k9hyfigs-nominaladj0poor ... fatherless ... afflicted ... destitute
3107PSA823a8r90maintain the rights of the

do what is right for the

3108PSA824f1ayfigs-nominaladj0poor ... needy ... wicked
3109PSA824x9upfigs-metonymy0take them out of the hand of the wicked
3110PSA825c2bz0They neither
3111PSA825ar42figs-metaphor0they wander around in the darkness

Doing what is evil is spoken of as if they were walking in a very dark place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

3112PSA825r4uifigs-metaphor0all the foundations of the earth crumble

The gods corrupting the moral order that Yahweh established is spoken of as if the gods were shaking the earth and making it fall apart. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

3113PSA825l1x80crumble

fall apart

3114PSA826ie8b0You are gods, and all of you sons of the Most High
3115PSA826nch3figs-123person0sons of the Most High
3116PSA827b7ra0Nevertheless you

However you

3117PSA827h2cufigs-idiom0and fall

This is a way of speaking of a person dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

3118PSA828rpl10General Information:

The writer is speaking again.

3119PSA828acl5figs-metonymy0judge the earth
3120PSA828lz8vfigs-metaphor0for you have an inheritance in all the nations
3121PSA828j3wmfigs-metonymy0all the nations
3122PSA83introkij70

Psalm 083 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 83 is a deliverance psalm. It is a prayer for deliverance from the many nations allied against Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Destruction

God should destroy these enemy nations like he destroyed Israel's enemies during the time of the Judges.

3123PSA831iiq7writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3124PSA831c7u90remain unmoved

do nothing to help us

3125PSA832rq2g0Look, your enemies are making a commotion
3126PSA832bzq3figs-idiom0those who hate you have raised their heads
3127PSA833h1c20your protected ones
3128PSA834fk1efigs-metonymy0the name of Israel will no longer be remembered
3129PSA835ygx60They schemed together with one strategy

Your enemies have agreed together with one plan

3130PSA835nn8v0they made an alliance against you

they have joined together against you

3131PSA836gj4d0General Information:

The writer continues to list the people groups who want to destroy Israel.

3132PSA836nv9efigs-metonymy0the tents of Edom

This refers to the people of Edom who lived in tents. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

3133PSA836mn94translate-names0Hagrites

This is the name of a people group that lived on the east side of the Jordan River. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

3134PSA837sfe5figs-metonymy0Gebal, Ammon, Amalek ... Philistia
3135PSA837t9lxtranslate-names0Gebal

This is the name of a region south of the Dead Sea. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

3136PSA838fx46figs-metonymy0Assyria
3137PSA838h5jifigs-metonymy0they have become an arm for the descendants of Lot
3138PSA838tdc2figs-explicit0the descendants of Lot

This refers to the people of the nations of Moab and Ammon. You can make clear the understood information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

3139PSA839urp2figs-explicit0Do to them as you did to Midian ... Sisera and to Jabin

The writer is asking God to defeat Israel's enemies as he has done in the past. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

3140PSA839htz5figs-metonymy0did to Midian
3141PSA839ic8xtranslate-names0Sisera ... Jabin

These are names of men. Jabin was king of Hazor. Sisera was the commander of Jabin's army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

3142PSA839ed1dtranslate-names0Kishon River

This is the name of a river in northern Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

3143PSA8310m286translate-names0Endor

This is the name of a town in northern Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

3144PSA8310brp3figs-simile0became like manure for the earth

This means the bodies of Sisera and Jabin were not buried but were left to rot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

3145PSA8311pes3figs-explicit0General Information:

The writer continues to remind God of other enemies he has defeated for Israel in the past. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

3146PSA8311d9z1translate-names0Oreb ... Zeeb ... Zebah ... Zalmunna

These are all names of kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

3147PSA8312iu210They said
3148PSA8312umg2figs-metaphor0the pastures of God

This speaks about the land of Israel as if it were land for sheep to graze and God were the shepherd watching over it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

3149PSA8313uun3figs-simile0General Information:

The writer uses similes to describe God's total destruction of Israel's enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

3150PSA8313f5eyfigs-simile0make them like the whirling dust, like chaff before the wind

Both statements speak of God destroying his enemies as if he were a strong wind easily blowing them away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3151PSA8314j9u1figs-simile0like the fire that burns the forest, and like the flame that sets the mountains on fire

Both statements speak of God's punishment as if it were a fire, and the enemies of God are things that burn in the fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3152PSA8315ax1zfigs-simile0Chase them with your strong wind, and terrify them with your windstorm

Both statements ask God to destroy the enemies with storms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3153PSA8316c54cfigs-synecdoche0Fill their faces with shame
3154PSA8316q834figs-metonymy0they might seek your name
3155PSA8316rq630seek your name

Possible meanings are 1) God's enemies admit that God is powerful or 2) God's enemies are asking God for help or 3) God's enemies start to worship and obey him.

3156PSA8317q6j1figs-activepassive0May they be put to shame and be terrified forever
3157PSA8317l9px0may they perish in disgrace

may they die while they are ashamed

3158PSA8318y45v0Then they will know
3159PSA8318tw1gfigs-metaphor0are the Most High over all the earth
3160PSA84intromf130

Psalm 084 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 84 is a worship psalm.

Special concepts in this chapter

Obedience

God blesses all who want to obey him. Praising God in his temple is better than anything else. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])

Similarity to Psalm 42-43

There are many similarities between these psalms and some scholars suggest they were written by the same people.

3161PSA841mkj6writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3162PSA841wu9e0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship

3163PSA841yxs90set to the Gittith

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 8:1.

3164PSA841yte30How lovely

How beautiful

3165PSA842ueb80I long for the courts of Yahweh

I really want to be in the courts of Yahweh

3166PSA842fp2ufigs-synecdoche0the courts of Yahweh
3167PSA842dw380my desire for it has made me exhausted
3168PSA842jf7pfigs-synecdoche0My heart and all of my being call out
3169PSA842ctf70the living God

This means God is living and he also has the power to cause other things to live.

3170PSA843c9d8translate-unknown0sparrow ... swallow

These are types of birds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

3171PSA843y2c80found her a house
3172PSA843pqi7figs-ellipsis0the swallow a nest
3173PSA843xwe20where she may lay her young

where she may lay her eggs and care for her babies

3174PSA844c9r10they who live in your house
3175PSA844rs8w0praise you continually

keep praising you again and again

3176PSA845nkn2figs-genericnoun0Blessed is the man
3177PSA845pd3tfigs-metaphor0whose strength is in you
3178PSA845kb9xfigs-metaphor0in whose heart are the highways up to Zion
3179PSA845lwg60highways

roads built higher than the surrounding ground

3180PSA845spb20up to Zion

The temple was in Jerusalem on the top of the highest hill, called Mount Zion.

3181PSA846jep90the Valley of Tears
3182PSA846p6ml0The early rains

This means the rain that falls in autumn before the cold season. This is during the months of October and November on Western calendars.

3183PSA846hln3figs-metonymy0blessings
3184PSA847w1gbfigs-idiom0They go from strength to strength

This is a way of saying they get stronger. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

3185PSA847jnf40They go
3186PSA849jrd6figs-metaphor0God, watch over our shield
3187PSA8410r2llfigs-ellipsis0For one day in your courts is better than a thousand elsewhere
3188PSA8410k1rktranslate-numbers0a thousand
3189PSA8410ih7r0be a doorkeeper
3190PSA8410rz91figs-nominaladj0the wicked
3191PSA8411d9l1figs-metaphor0For Yahweh God is our sun and shield
3192PSA8411ge8afigs-abstractnouns0Yahweh will give grace and glory
3193PSA8411tv3q0who walk in integrity
3194PSA8412tfi5figs-genericnoun0blessed is the man
3195PSA85introvtd40

Psalm 085 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 85 is a worship psalm.

Special concepts in this chapter

Blessings

God has given so many blessings. If the people stop their sinning, then the land will be filled by the glory of God and his blessings. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/glory]])

Group Prayer

Note how this psalm uses the plural to show that it is a group praying.

3196PSA851d8a7writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3197PSA851h4930For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship.

3198PSA851iym4figs-metonymy0you have showed favor to your land
3199PSA851p2e20well-being

This refers to a person being happy, healthy and prosperous.

3200PSA851hjx5figs-synecdoche0of Jacob
3201PSA852bm36figs-metaphor0you have covered all their sin
3202PSA852zdx50their sin
3203PSA853n2vafigs-metaphor0You have withdrawn all your wrath

God no longer punishing the Israelites is spoken of as if wrath were an object that Yahweh could take away from the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

3204PSA853eh2wfigs-metaphor0you have turned back from your hot anger

God no longer being angry with the Israelites is spoken of as if anger were a fire that God from which God turned away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

3205PSA854r347figs-abstractnouns0God of our salvation
3206PSA854u4tyfigs-metaphor0let go of your displeasure with us

Asking God to stop being angry with the Israelites is spoken of as if displeasure were an object the writer wants God to let go of. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

3207PSA855b6ihfigs-rquestion0Will you be angry with us forever? Will you remain angry throughout future generations?
3208PSA856fc4xfigs-rquestion0Will you not revive us again?
3209PSA857am5xfigs-abstractnouns0Show us your covenant faithfulness
3210PSA857u94qfigs-abstractnouns0grant us your salvation
3211PSA858f1q20make peace with his people
3212PSA858mt5ffigs-metaphor0Yet they must not turn again to foolish ways
3213PSA859q85wfigs-metaphor0Surely his salvation is near to those
3214PSA859w9nafigs-metonymy0then glory will remain in our land
3215PSA8510r9mpfigs-abstractnouns0Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness have met together
3216PSA8510vxd40have met together ... have kissed each other
3217PSA8510ilq2figs-abstractnouns0righteousness and peace have kissed each other

Possible meanings are 1) the people will do what is right and God will cause the people to live in peace or 2) God will do what is right and will cause the people to live in peace. Either way righteousness and peace are abstract nouns and are spoken of as if they were persons who kiss each other. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

3218PSA8510pbn40kissed each other

This was a common way for friends to greet each other.

3219PSA8511y3gvfigs-metaphor0Trustworthiness springs up from the ground
3220PSA8511uw31figs-abstractnouns0righteousness looks down from the sky
3221PSA8513bxa8figs-personification0Righteousness will go before him and make a way for his footsteps

God doing what is right everywhere he goes is spoken of as if righteousness were a person who goes ahead of God and prepares a path for God to walk. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

3222PSA8513b458figs-metonymy0his footsteps
3223PSA86introyms30

Psalm 086 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 86 is a deliverance psalm. He is praying for deliverance from his many enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's help

God has blessed the psalmist and is so loving to him. He has been one of God's servants. Now he needs God to save him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])

3224PSA861ss24writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3225PSA861j7gt0poor and needy

weak and needy

3226PSA862b1gxfigs-123person0save your servant
3227PSA863xel4figs-hyperbole0all day long
3228PSA864fc6pfigs-123person0Make your servant glad
3229PSA867mlm40In the day of my trouble

During my times of difficulty

3230PSA867xp820I call on you

I pray to you

3231PSA868ey46figs-explicit0among the gods

The writer is not acknowledging these other gods exist. He is referring to false gods that people from other nations worship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

3232PSA869nvl8figs-metonymy0All the nations
3233PSA869hb9ufigs-metonymy0They will honor your name
3234PSA8610ide90wonderful things

very good things that amaze me

3235PSA8610qsw40you only are God

you are the only God

3236PSA8611sa8afigs-metaphor0Teach me your ways, Yahweh. Then I will walk in your truth
3237PSA8611up7sfigs-metonymy0Unite my heart to reverence you
3238PSA8612ln3tfigs-metonymy0I will praise you with my whole heart
3239PSA8612r58pfigs-metonymy0I will glorify your name
3240PSA8613pa7hfigs-abstractnouns0For great is your covenant faithfulness toward me
3241PSA8613m9g30you have rescued my life from the depths of Sheol

This does not mean God brought him back to life after he died. It means God saved him when he was about to die.

3242PSA8614dx52figs-nominaladj0the arrogant
3243PSA8614ih3b0have risen up against me

are coming together to harm me

3244PSA8614tb73figs-idiom0seek my life

This is a way of saying they want to kill him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

3245PSA8615l91zfigs-metaphor0and abundant in covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness
3246PSA8616rlz9figs-metaphor0Turn toward me

Asking God to consider him is spoken of as if he wanted God to turn and look at him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

3247PSA8616ha4ffigs-abstractnouns0give your strength to your servant
3248PSA8616r4fqfigs-123person0your servant ... the son of your servant woman

The writer is speaking about himself in the third person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])

3249PSA8617ja63figs-activepassive0be put to shame
3250PSA87introl8z30

Psalm 087 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 87 is a psalm about Jerusalem.

Special concepts in this chapter

Pride

People will be proud to have been born in Jerusalem.

Psalms about Jerusalem

Psalm 46, 48, and 76 are part of a group of psalms that celebrate Jerusalem.

3251PSA871pr6pwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3252PSA872mz5wfigs-synecdoche0gates of Zion
3253PSA872tah3figs-metonymy0all the tents of Jacob
3254PSA873hrr7figs-apostrophe0Glorious things are said of you, city of God
3255PSA874mkk90I mention
3256PSA874x63jfigs-metonymy0Rahab and Babylon
3257PSA874x7tc0to my followers

to those who worship me

3258PSA874qzf2figs-metaphor0This one was born there
3259PSA875uer3figs-activepassive0Of Zion it will be said
3260PSA875bqs5figs-metaphor0Each of these was born in her
3261PSA875qxn40in her
3262PSA875zdf6figs-rpronouns0the Most High himself
3263PSA875mx5t0will establish her

will make Jerusalem strong

3264PSA876p3jrfigs-metaphor0Yahweh writes in the census book of the nations

Yahweh acknowledging that the people from other nations belong to him is spoken of as if he were a king writing down the names of the people who live in his city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

3265PSA876wgv4figs-metaphor0This one was born there
3266PSA877q7a8figs-metaphor0All my fountains are in you

Jerusalem being a place where people receive all their blessings is spoken of as if Jerusalem were a spring that provided water to the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

3267PSA88introw2mk0

Psalm 088 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 88 is a psalm of deliverance from sickness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Abandon

Ever since he was a child, the psalmist has been sick, and now all his friends have abandoned him. If he dies he cannot testify about God's healing.

3268PSA881vi6iwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3269PSA881d8eg0A song, a psalm of the sons of Korah

This is a psalm that the sons of Korah wrote

3270PSA881qm8l0for the chief musician

this is for the director of music to use in worship

3271PSA881f9tetranslate-transliterate0set to the Mahalath Leannoth style

This may refer to a style of music. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])

3272PSA881i9mw0A maschil

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1.

3273PSA881l37htranslate-names0Heman

This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

3274PSA881w1cgfigs-abstractnouns0God of my salvation
3275PSA881hj2gfigs-merism0day and night

The writer uses these words with opposite meanings to say that he cries out continually. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])

3276PSA883j9c1figs-metaphor0For I am filled with troubles
3277PSA883tee7figs-metonymy0my life has reached Sheol
3278PSA884xl1mfigs-metonymy0People treat me like those who go down into the pit
3279PSA885yvx8figs-metaphor0I am abandoned among the dead
3280PSA885yw6ffigs-simile0I am like the dead who lie in the grave

The writer feeling like people and God have abandoned him speaks about himself as if he were already a dead person lying in a grave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

3281PSA885hf3gfigs-nominaladj0the dead who lie
3282PSA885khp30about whom you care no more
3283PSA885wf13figs-metaphor0they are cut off from your power
3284PSA886z7j5figs-metaphor0You place me in the lowest part of the pit, in the dark and deep places

The writer feeling like God has abandoned him speaks about himself as if God has put the him in the deepest and darkest grave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

3285PSA887b6u3figs-metaphor0Your wrath lies heavy on me
3286PSA887te8cfigs-metaphor0all your waves crash over me

This speaks about God being very angry with the writer as if God's anger were large waves rising up from the sea then landing on the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

3287PSA888vss90my acquaintances

those who know me

3288PSA888vb5j0You have made me a shocking sight to them
3289PSA888ezj9figs-metaphor0I am hemmed in
3290PSA889k5hbfigs-metonymy0My eyes grow weary from trouble
3291PSA889af1ktranslate-symaction0I spread out my hands to you
3292PSA8810q775figs-rquestion0Will you do wonders for the dead?
3293PSA8810nv8lfigs-rquestion0Will those who have died rise and praise you?
3294PSA8811a7rtfigs-parallelism0Will your covenant faithfulness be proclaimed in the grave, your loyalty in the place of the dead?
3295PSA8811pt2z0the grave ... the place of the dead

These represent the place where people go after they die.

3296PSA8811vbv3figs-ellipsis0your loyalty in the place of the dead?
3297PSA8812ec9z0in the darkness ... the place of forgetfulness

These represent the place where people go after they die.

3298PSA8812lf46figs-parallelism0Will your wonderful deeds be known in the darkness, or your righteousness in the place of forgetfulness?
3299PSA8812u1h9figs-ellipsis0or your righteousness in the place of forgetfulness?
3300PSA8813tle5figs-metaphor0my prayer comes before you

The writer praying to Yahweh is spoken of as if the prayer itself goes to speak with Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

3301PSA8814wg44figs-metaphor0Why do you hide your face from me?

This speaks of the writer feeling like God has rejected or abandoned him as if God were hiding his face or physically turning away from the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

3302PSA8816q3hifigs-metaphor0Your angry actions have passed over me
3303PSA8816e9zdfigs-hyperbole0your terrifying deeds have annihilated me
3304PSA8817z4t8figs-simile0They surround me like water all the day long
3305PSA8817e9s90They
3306PSA8817qva9figs-metaphor0they have all encircled me
3307PSA8818x6gd0every friend and acquaintance

every person I love and know

3308PSA8818pnc1figs-personification0My only acquaintance is the darkness
3309PSA89introaw170

Psalm 089 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 89 is a worship and a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's promises

God is mighty and has promised David an eternal kingdom. But now that kingdom is being destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])

Parallelism

This psalm exhibits the kind of parallelism where the second line often emphasizes the first line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3310PSA891knd1writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3311PSA891mu2k0A maschil

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1.

3312PSA891dqe7translate-names0Ethan

This is the name of the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

3313PSA891sv5ifigs-abstractnouns0acts of covenant faithfulness
3314PSA892pbm7figs-metaphor0Covenant faithfulness has been established forever
3315PSA892hn1ifigs-metaphor0your truthfulness you have established in the heavens

God always doing what he promised to do is spoken of as if his faithfulness were a building that God has built and made firm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

3316PSA892l9ik0in the heavens

Possible meanings are 1) this refers to God's dwelling place. This would mean God rules from heaven and he always does what he promises or 2) this refers to the sky. This would mean that God's promises are as constant and permanent as the sky .

3317PSA893d13jfigs-explicit0I have made a covenant with my chosen one
3318PSA893y54c0I have made

Yahweh is speaking in 89:3-4.

3319PSA894yr1gfigs-metaphor0I will establish your descendants forever

Yahweh always causing one of David's descendants to be king is spoken of as if David's descendants are a building that Yahweh will build and make firm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

3320PSA894p2z4figs-metonymy0I will establish your throne through all generations
3321PSA895m81yfigs-metonymy0The heavens praise
3322PSA895e5530praise your wonders, Yahweh

praise you, Yahweh, because of the wonderful things you do

3323PSA895gs3gfigs-activepassive0your truthfulness is praised in the assembly of the holy ones
3324PSA895g9qz0the assembly of the holy ones

This refers to the angels in heaven.

3325PSA896c358figs-parallelism0For who in the skies can be compared to Yahweh? Who among the sons of the gods is like Yahweh?

Both questions mean the same thing. The writer is using question to emphasize that there in no one in heaven like Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

3326PSA896vj1kfigs-idiom0sons of the gods
3327PSA897rgy8figs-activepassive0He is a God who is greatly honored in the council of the holy ones
3328PSA897vtz80the council of the holy ones
3329PSA898cs88figs-rquestion0who is strong like you, Yahweh?

The writer asks the question to emphasize there is no one as strong as Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

3330PSA898niz2figs-metaphor0Your truthfulness surrounds you

Yahweh always dong what he promises to do is spoken of as if his truthfulness were a cloak or garment that wraps around him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

3331PSA899t34l0You rule the raging sea

You control the raging sea

3332PSA8910q99xfigs-explicit0You crushed Rahab as one who is killed
3333PSA8910uhp9figs-metonymy0with your strong arm
3334PSA8912di8bfigs-merism0the north and the south
3335PSA8912y2hjfigs-personification0Tabor and Hermon rejoice in your name
3336PSA8912b76nfigs-metonymy0in your name
3337PSA8913j9uefigs-metonymy0You have a mighty arm and a strong hand, and your right hand is high
3338PSA8913ldw5translate-symaction0right hand is high

To raise the right hand high into the air is a gesture that indicates power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

3339PSA8914hyu5figs-metaphor0Righteousness and justice are the foundation of your throne

God ruling as king and doing what is right and just is spoken of as if God's throne were a building, and righteousness and justice were its foundation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

3340PSA8914w4d5figs-metonymy0your throne

The throne represents God's rule as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

3341PSA8914x3infigs-metaphor0Covenant faithfulness and trustworthiness come before you
3342PSA8915a8msfigs-explicit0who worship you
3343PSA8915p2gifigs-metaphor0they walk
3344PSA8915v1rrfigs-metaphor0in the light of your face
3345PSA8916j2hdfigs-metonymy0in your name
3346PSA8916uz6zfigs-abstractnouns0in your righteousness they exalt you
3347PSA8917f1h8figs-abstractnouns0You are their majestic strength
3348PSA8917w9hufigs-explicit0You are their
3349PSA8917t45afigs-exclusive0we are victorious
3350PSA8918nu6cfigs-metaphor0For our shield belongs to Yahweh

The king who protects his people and whom Yahweh chose is spoken of as if he were a shield that belongs to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

3351PSA8919e2wrfigs-explicit0General Information:

The writer assumes that the reader knows the history of how David became the chosen king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

3352PSA8919erw7translate-symaction0I have set a crown on a mighty one
3353PSA8919fxq40set a crown on a mighty one
3354PSA8919ss27figs-idiom0I have raised up one chosen from among the people
3355PSA8920nkd2translate-symaction0with my holy oil have I anointed him

Here to pour oil on someone's head is a sign that God is appointing the person to be king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

3356PSA8921u6ucfigs-metonymy0My hand will support him; my arm will strengthen him
3357PSA8922h3tnfigs-metonymy0son of wickedness
3358PSA8924x8f40Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues speaking about David.

3359PSA8924v3cjfigs-metaphor0My truth and my covenant faithfulness will be with him
3360PSA8924q652figs-metonymy0by my name he will be victorious
3361PSA8925k7aafigs-metonymy0I will place his hand over the sea and his right hand over the rivers
3362PSA8926hc3jfigs-quotesinquotes0He will call out to me, 'You are my Father, my God, and the rock of my salvation.'
3363PSA8926ue8tfigs-metaphor0the rock of my salvation

Yahweh protecting and saving David is spoken of as if Yahweh were a high rock that David could stand on top of for protection from enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

3364PSA8927m5u80Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues speaking about David.

3365PSA8927i4njfigs-metaphor0I also will place him as my firstborn son

Yahweh giving David special rank and privileges over all other people is spoken of as if David would be Yahweh's firstborn son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

3366PSA8928zs6ufigs-metaphor0I will extend my covenant faithfulness to him forever
3367PSA8929nlx7figs-simile0his throne as enduring as the skies above

Someone from David's family always ruling as king is spoken of as if his his throne would last as long as the sky will last. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

3368PSA8929k6mifigs-metonymy0his throne
3369PSA8930zb7x0his children

David's descendants

3370PSA8932s8vufigs-metaphor0punish their rebellion with a rod
3371PSA8932fq8ifigs-metaphor0their iniquity with blows
3372PSA8933k75ffigs-litotes0I will not remove my steadfast love from him or be unfaithful to my promise
3373PSA8934m6m3figs-synecdoche0the words of my lips
3374PSA8936by6yfigs-ellipsis0his throne as long as the sun before me
3375PSA8936tm79figs-metonymy0his throne
3376PSA8936w6yhfigs-simile0as long as the sun before me

God compares David's rule as king to the sun to emphasize that someone from David's descendants will always rule as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

3377PSA8937mwr5figs-activepassive0It will be established forever
3378PSA8937je44figs-simile0forever like the moon

God compares David's rule as king to the moon to emphasize that someone from David's descendants will always rule as king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

3379PSA8937gb6vfigs-personification0the moon, the faithful witness in the sky
3380PSA8938exj7figs-ellipsis0you have refused and rejected
3381PSA8938qnj20with your anointed king

with the king you chose

3382PSA8939c1wc0You have renounced the covenant

You have rejected the covenant

3383PSA8939prp1translate-symaction0You have desecrated his crown on the ground
3384PSA8939tbi4figs-metonymy0his crown

This represents the king's power as king and his right to rule. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

3385PSA8940lz6rfigs-explicit0You have broken down all his walls. You have ruined his strongholds
3386PSA8941ed5r0to his neighbors
3387PSA8942i7mpfigs-metonymy0raised the right hand of his enemies
3388PSA8943g8dtfigs-metonymy0turn back the edge of his sword
3389PSA8943c3fdfigs-synecdoche0the edge of his sword
3390PSA8943w77qfigs-metonymy0have not made him stand when in battle
3391PSA8944g7kffigs-metonymy0you have brought down his throne to the ground
3392PSA8945hg97figs-idiom0You have shortened the days of his youth
3393PSA8945b231figs-metaphor0covered him with shame

Yahweh completely humiliating the king is spoken of as if shame were a garment that God used to cover the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

3394PSA8946r3l1figs-rquestion0How long, Yahweh? Will you hide yourself, forever?
3395PSA8946mu5efigs-metaphor0Will you hide yourself
3396PSA8946q873figs-rquestion0How long will your anger burn like fire?
3397PSA8946y4fvfigs-simile0your anger burn like fire

God being very angry is spoken of as if his anger were a hot fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

3398PSA8947ajl2figs-abstractnouns0for what uselessness you have created all the children of mankind
3399PSA8947fe7mfigs-gendernotations0the children of mankind
3400PSA8948er51figs-rquestion0Who can live and not die, or rescue his own life from the hand of Sheol?
3401PSA8948gg9sfigs-metonymy0rescue his own life from the hand of Sheol
3402PSA8949hvz7figs-rquestion0Lord, where are your former acts of covenant faithfulness that you swore to David in your truthfulness?
3403PSA8949b6dcfigs-abstractnouns0your former acts of covenant faithfulness
3404PSA8950v1jlfigs-idiom0Call to mind
3405PSA8950r6c30the mocking directed against your servants
3406PSA8950iq2xfigs-metonymy0how I bear in my heart so many insults from the nations
3407PSA8950rn7tfigs-metonymy0from the nations
3408PSA8951fjd4figs-metaphor0Your enemies hurl insults

The enemies shouting insults at the king is spoken of as if insults were an object that the enemies throw violently at the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

3409PSA8951vq6jfigs-metonymy0they mock the footsteps of your anointed one
3410PSA8952hvn50General Information:

This verse is more than the end of this psalm. It is the closing statement for all of Book 3 of the Psalms, which starts at Psalm 73 and ends with Psalm 89.

3411PSA8952fig1figs-activepassive0Blessed be Yahweh forever
3412PSA8952h8fn0Amen and Amen
3413PSA90introgmu60

Psalm 090 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm is a wisdom psalm. God is eternal but a human's life is short. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Life's shortness

Because life is so short, people need to spend it as God wants them to spend it.

3414PSA901jue7writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3415PSA901n3vqfigs-metaphor0Lord, you have been our refuge
3416PSA901ykl60throughout all generations

always

3417PSA902i1f4figs-activepassive0Before the mountains were formed
3418PSA902b7ju0were formed
3419PSA902mz45figs-metonymy0the world

This represents everything that is in the world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

3420PSA902x21e0from everlasting to everlasting

This phrase represents all time past, present, and future.

3421PSA903spk9figs-explicit0You return man to dust
3422PSA903yjk2figs-gendernotations0return man
3423PSA903j396figs-ellipsis0Return, you descendants
3424PSA903ijh1figs-idiom0you descendants of mankind
3425PSA904zt2tfigs-simile0For a thousand years in your sight are as yesterday when it is past, and as a watch in the night
3426PSA904b3xftranslate-numbers0a thousand years
3427PSA904qd6kfigs-metaphor0in your sight
3428PSA905prp6figs-metaphor0You sweep them away as with a flood and they sleep
3429PSA905wws1figs-euphemism0they sleep

This is a polite way of speaking of people dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])

3430PSA906k25rfigs-doublet0it blooms and grows up
3431PSA906udh3figs-doublet0it withers and dries up
3432PSA907vhb5figs-metaphor0we are consumed in your anger
3433PSA907qp5h0in your wrath we are terrified

when you are angry we are greatly afraid

3434PSA908fbk1figs-metaphor0You have set our iniquities before you, our hidden sins in the light of your presence
3435PSA909tw9cwriting-connectingwords0Our life passes away under your wrath
3436PSA909z6eufigs-simile0like a sigh

The writer compares human life to a sigh to emphasize that life is very brief. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

3437PSA9010bb7ztranslate-numbers0seventy
3438PSA9010f12ztranslate-numbers0eighty
3439PSA9010ydb3figs-activepassive0even our best years are marked by trouble and sorrow
3440PSA9010cun8figs-euphemism0we fly away
3441PSA9011xl7bfigs-rquestion0Who knows the intensity of your anger, and your wrath that is equal to the fear of you?
3442PSA9013lcn8figs-metaphor0Turn back, Yahweh! How long will it be?
3443PSA9013e9p1figs-rquestion0How long will it be?

The writer uses a question to state that he wants God to stop being angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

3444PSA9013zs740Have pity on your servants
3445PSA9014p6kf0Satisfy us in the morning

Satisfy us every morning

3446PSA9014k6egfigs-abstractnouns0with your covenant faithfulness
3447PSA9015z79lfigs-parallelism0in proportion to the days you afflicted us and to the years we have experienced trouble
3448PSA9016tb62figs-explicit0Let your servants
3449PSA9016g2qt0let our children
3450PSA9016sjz5figs-abstractnouns0see your majesty
3451PSA9017at2jfigs-abstractnouns0May the favor of the Lord our God be ours
3452PSA9017ye67figs-synecdoche0prosper the work of our hands
3453PSA91introye5h0

Psalm 091 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 91 is a wisdom psalm. Those who depend on God are protected by him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Fear

No matter what dangers befall a person, they do not need to fear. God is protecting them from all harm.

3454PSA911xv6fwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3455PSA911g3bvfigs-metaphor0He who lives ... will stay ... of the Almighty
3456PSA911lc6jfigs-metaphor0who lives in the shelter of the Most High
3457PSA911jl840the Most High
3458PSA911qi6dfigs-metaphor0will stay in the shadow of the Almighty
3459PSA911jmc80the Almighty

the one who has power and control over everything. See how this was translated in Psalms 68:14

3460PSA912kwv70I will say of Yahweh

I will say about Yahweh

3461PSA912d5cufigs-metaphor0my refuge and my fortress
3462PSA913ss8ifigs-ellipsis0For he will rescue you from the snare of the hunter and from the deadly plague
3463PSA913laj30the snare of the hunter

from the snare that the hunter has set to catch you

3464PSA914k4cnfigs-metaphor0He will cover you with his wings, and under his wings you will find refuge
3465PSA914j3p2figs-metaphor0His trustworthiness is a shield and protection
3466PSA914f8d90protection

No one knows for sure what this word means. Possible meanings are 1) a small shield strapped to the forearm that soldiers used to defend themselves against arrows and swords or 2) a wall of stones set in a circle inside which soldiers could hide and shoot arrows.

3467PSA915yp8kfigs-metonymy0terror in the night
3468PSA915g6enfigs-merism0in the night ... by day

These two phrases taken together refer to all possible times of night and day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])

3469PSA915b8kcfigs-metonymy0the arrow that flies by day
3470PSA916c6xgfigs-personification0or of the plague that roams
3471PSA916gba80roams

goes wherever he wants to go at any time

3472PSA916y6eufigs-merism0in the darkness ... at noontime

These two phrases taken together refer to all possible times of night and day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])

3473PSA916t9ab0disease

an illness that makes many people ill at the same time

3474PSA917c8n10A thousand may fall at your side and ten thousand at your right hand
3475PSA917z1e30it will not reach you

the evil will not harm you

3476PSA918ad8c0You will only observe and see

You yourself will not suffer, but you will watch carefully, and you will see

3477PSA918dv9ffigs-abstractnouns0the punishment of the wicked
3478PSA919yz6cfigs-metaphor0Yahweh is my refuge
3479PSA919k71v0Make the Most High your refuge also
3480PSA9110ey4gfigs-metaphor0No evil will overtake you
3481PSA9110emx9figs-personification0no affliction will come near your home
3482PSA9111pe5b0For he will direct

Yahweh will command

3483PSA9111gjx8figs-metaphor0in all your ways
3484PSA9112v8h10They will lift you

Yahweh's angels will lift you

3485PSA9112dkd1figs-hyperbole0you will not hit your foot on a stone
3486PSA9113bq3yfigs-metaphor0You will crush lions and adders under your feet; you will trample on young lions and serpents
3487PSA9113sw740adders

types of poisonous snake.

3488PSA9113qme20trample

crush by walking heavily on

3489PSA9114hzl30Because he is devoted to me

Because he loves me

3490PSA9115cwn1figs-explicit0I will be with him in trouble
3491PSA9115am3hfigs-abstractnouns0I will give him victory
3492PSA9116jc9ffigs-idiom0will satisfy him with the length of his days
3493PSA9116xnz9figs-metaphor0and show him my salvation
3494PSA92introcs720

Psalm 092 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 92 is a psalm of praise for God's kindness and faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Justice

God causes evil people to be destroyed and good people to be happy and useful, even after they grow old. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])

3495PSA921bx9hwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3496PSA921fur9figs-metonymy0to sing praises to your name
3497PSA922b75ifigs-abstractnouns0proclaim your covenant faithfulness in the morning
3498PSA922s7d2figs-ellipsis0your truthfulness every night
3499PSA924mn130glad

happy

3500PSA924m1f8figs-abstractnouns0through your deeds
3501PSA924if93figs-abstractnouns0the deeds of your hands
3502PSA924ke7gfigs-abstractnouns0your deeds
3503PSA925j4cz0Your thoughts are very deep

We cannot understand what you plan to do until you do it

3504PSA925syp5figs-abstractnouns0Your thoughts
3505PSA926j8wu0brutish

animal-like

3506PSA927a97qfigs-simile0When the wicked sprout like the grass
3507PSA927w41dfigs-activepassive0they are doomed to eternal destruction
3508PSA929cb780Indeed, look at your enemies, Yahweh

Many texts do not have these words.

3509PSA929u85w0They will perish
3510PSA929dk5vfigs-activepassive0All those who do evil will be scattered
3511PSA929l7k20will be scattered
3512PSA929g3wa0be scattered

driven away

3513PSA9210e26gfigs-metonymy0You have lifted up my horn like the horn of the wild ox
3514PSA9210gid3figs-metaphor0I am anointed with fresh oil
3515PSA9211kpw5figs-synecdoche0My eyes have seen the downfall of my enemies; my ears have heard of the doom of my evil foes
3516PSA9212q7ccfigs-simile0The righteous will flourish like the palm tree

Possible meanings are that righteous people will be like a healthy palm tree because they will 1) be strong or 2) live for long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

3517PSA9212dyq1figs-simile0they will grow like a cedar in Lebanon

Possible meanings are that righteous people will be like a healthy cedar tree growing in the land of Lebanon because 1) they will be strong or 2) people will honor them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

3518PSA9213lk33figs-activepassive0They are planted
3519PSA9213sh46figs-metaphor0in the house of Yahweh ... in the courts of our God

The psalmist speaks of people who truly worship God as if they were trees growing in Yahweh's house. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

3520PSA9213g7gvfigs-metaphor0they flourish
3521PSA9213rg5j0in the courts of our God

in the courtyard of the temple in Jerusalem.

3522PSA9214pf43figs-metaphor0They bear fruit
3523PSA9214m2x1figs-metaphor0they stay fresh and green
3524PSA9215sev80to proclaim that
3525PSA9215fh1pfigs-metaphor0He is my rock
3526PSA93intror2fh0

Psalm 093 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 93 is a worship psalm about the power of Yahweh.

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's power

Yahweh is all powerful; He even controls the ocean.

3527PSA931gs1hwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3528PSA931cif2figs-metaphor0he is robed in majesty; Yahweh has clothed and girded himself with strength
3529PSA931g76j0majesty

the power of a king and the way a king acts

3530PSA931y5ut0girded himself

put on a belt—a band of leather or another material that a person wears around his waist—to prepare for work or battle

3531PSA931nv27figs-activepassive0The world is firmly established
3532PSA931m76hfigs-activepassive0it cannot be moved
3533PSA932q45bfigs-activepassive0Your throne is established from ancient times
3534PSA932vq1t0you are from everlasting

you have always existed

3535PSA933u6dq0oceans ... oceans'
3536PSA933qkw5figs-personification0have lifted up their voice; the oceans' waves crash and roar
3537PSA933kli10roar

make a long, loud sound.

3538PSA934bv4pfigs-doublet0Above the crashing of many waves, the mighty breakers of the sea
3539PSA934x1490breakers

large waves coming to land

3540PSA934z182figs-metaphor0on high
3541PSA935g6vn0solemn

very serious

3542PSA935s6rb0are very trustworthy
3543PSA935f31yfigs-metaphor0holiness adorns your house
3544PSA935a9yi0adorns

makes beautiful

3545PSA935xku40your house

This refers to the temple in Jerusalem.

3546PSA935lsy7figs-idiom0for the length of your days
3547PSA94introafb50

Psalm 094 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 94 is a prayer requesting that evil people be punished. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Justice

Evil people expect God to ignore their injustices. But God knows what they are doing and will punish them for their evil deeds. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/works]])

3548PSA941ns8uwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3549PSA941h3e7figs-metaphor0shine over us
3550PSA942i9f50Rise up, judge of the earth, give to the proud what they deserve

Come, judge of the earth, and punish the proud

3551PSA942sjp9figs-metonymy0Rise up
3552PSA943dx87figs-rquestion0How long will the wicked, Yahweh, how long will the wicked rejoice?
3553PSA943nve7figs-explicit0will the wicked rejoice
3554PSA944h71p0They pour out

All those who do evil pour out

3555PSA944ks4bfigs-metaphor0They pour out their arrogant words

The psalmist writes of the wicked speaking as if their words were a liquid being poured out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

3556PSA944dri9figs-explicit0all those who do evil boast
3557PSA945ifj9figs-metonymy0afflict the nation
3558PSA945l8hefigs-metaphor0They crush
3559PSA946fk7f0the widow

women whose husbands have died

3560PSA946wei80the fatherless

children without fathers

3561PSA947rs530the God of Jacob does not take notice of it

the God of Israel does not see what we do

3562PSA948iz570General Information:

The writer now instructs the wicked people.

3563PSA948ybz4figs-rquestion0when will you ever learn?
3564PSA949b851figs-rquestion0He who made the ear, does he not hear? He who formed the eye, does he not see?
3565PSA9410p12i0General Information:

The writer continues instructing the wicked people.

3566PSA9410ig2vfigs-rquestion0He who disciplines the nations, does he not correct?
3567PSA9410ex2wfigs-litotes0does he not correct
3568PSA9411s3c6figs-metaphor0that they are vapor

Here the thoughts of men are compared to vapor or steam that disappears into the air. This metaphor shows how unimportant and useless they are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

3569PSA9411z81z0vapor
3570PSA9412dl5m0General Information:

Now the writer again talks to Yahweh.

3571PSA9413y3g3figs-activepassive0until a pit is dug for the wicked
3572PSA9414gwf50his inheritance

those whom he has chosen to be with him forever

3573PSA9415m8cbfigs-metonymy0judgment will again be righteous
3574PSA9415l96ifigs-nominaladj0the upright in heart
3575PSA9415h2750will follow it

will want the judges to judge righteously

3576PSA9416h7cvfigs-rquestion0Who will rise up to defend me against the evildoers? Who will stand up for me against the wicked?
3577PSA9416x3apfigs-nominaladj0the wicked
3578PSA9417pgd7figs-hypo0Unless Yahweh had been my help ... silence

This is a hypothetical situation. Yahweh did help him, so he was not lying in the place of silence. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

3579PSA9417ecb1figs-abstractnouns0Unless Yahweh had been my help
3580PSA9417zjq1figs-euphemism0I would soon be lying down in the place of silence
3581PSA9418gqn7figs-abstractnouns0Your covenant faithfulness, Yahweh, held me up
3582PSA9419f9kpfigs-abstractnouns0When cares within me are many, your consolations make me happy
3583PSA9420uc2ufigs-rquestion0Can a throne of destruction be allied with you, one who creates injustice by statute?
3584PSA9420w3hmfigs-metonymy0a throne of destruction
3585PSA9421z1ls0conspire

secretly plan with a person something harmful or illegal

3586PSA9421rnk5figs-idiom0take the life of

This is an idiom which means to kill someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

3587PSA9422k9hgfigs-metaphor0Yahweh has been my high tower
3588PSA9422r48ifigs-metaphor0God has been the rock of my refuge
3589PSA9423fx4p0will bring on them their own iniquity
3590PSA9423qc5bfigs-idiom0cut them off
3591PSA9423i6z50in their own wickedness
3592PSA95introe91f0

Psalm 095 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 95 is the first in a series of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100).

Special concepts in this chapter

God's care

God made everything and takes good care of people. People should not be stubborn like the Israelites were in the days of Moses. The Israelites with Moses wandered in the desert for forty years.

3593PSA951qaf5writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3594PSA951gv24figs-metaphor0the rock of our salvation
3595PSA952q5qbfigs-metaphor0enter his presence
3596PSA952g5i40with thanksgiving

thanking him as we enter his presence

3597PSA953ufc90superior to all gods
3598PSA954j19tfigs-idiom0In his hand
3599PSA954gf4l0depths

deep places

3600PSA954bx510heights

high places

3601PSA955xy9qfigs-synecdoche0his hands formed
3602PSA956ab7htranslate-symaction0kneel

put both knees on the ground, often to show submission (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

3603PSA957cey6figs-metonymy0the people of his pasture
3604PSA957kr470pasture

an area where animals find grass to eat

3605PSA957f66dfigs-metaphor0the sheep of his hand
3606PSA957l8vp0Today—oh, that you would hear his voice!
3607PSA957qm6rfigs-metonymy0hear his voice
3608PSA958jf370General Information:

Now the writer writes the words that Yahweh spoke.

3609PSA958g9zt0harden your heart

become stubborn

3610PSA958a62xtranslate-names0Meribah, ... Massah

These are places in the desert that Moses named because the Israelites rebelled against God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

3611PSA959z4axfigs-metaphor0tested me ... tried me
3612PSA959tdc40my deeds

the amazing things I had done

3613PSA9510n2cd0General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking directly to his people.

3614PSA9510ms7ttranslate-numbers0forty years
3615PSA9510mu820that generation
3616PSA9510ejg1figs-metaphor0wander astray
3617PSA9510b41afigs-metaphor0they have not known my ways
3618PSA9511l98t0my resting place

the place where I would have allowed them to rest

3619PSA96introhdp30

Psalm 096 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 96 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100).

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh, the king

Yahweh is king over all the earth and is worthy of all praise.

3620PSA961i5djwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3621PSA961sm6u0a new song

a song no one has ever sung before

3622PSA961mlu3figs-metonymy0all the earth
3623PSA962e8wsfigs-metonymy0bless his name
3624PSA962m2w2figs-abstractnouns0announce his salvation
3625PSA963w4ht0Declare his glory among the nations

Tell all the people in every nation about his great glory

3626PSA964t9difigs-activepassive0Yahweh is great and is to be praised greatly
3627PSA964lx5hfigs-activepassive0He is to be feared above all other gods
3628PSA966x8v40in his presence

where he is

3629PSA966c8fxfigs-personification0Splendor and majesty are in his presence
3630PSA966geu8figs-metonymy0Strength and beauty are in his sanctuary
3631PSA967pq3mfigs-abstractnouns0Ascribe to Yahweh ... ascribe praise to Yahweh for his glory and strength
3632PSA968y25vfigs-abstractnouns0Give to Yahweh the glory that his name deserves
3633PSA968mvb8figs-metonymy0his name deserves
3634PSA968pw150his courts

the temple courtyard where the priests sacrificed animals to Yahweh

3635PSA969z4rmfigs-explicit0Bow down to Yahweh
3636PSA969hjw3figs-abstractnouns0in the splendor of holiness
3637PSA969pb7y0tremble

to shake because of fear

3638PSA969ud6dfigs-metonymy0all the earth
3639PSA9610hsr2figs-activepassive0The world also is established
3640PSA9610yhs7figs-activepassive0it cannot be shaken
3641PSA9611p26nfigs-personification0Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice
3642PSA9611v2y3figs-explicit0that which fills it shout with joy
3643PSA9612ms99figs-personification0Let the fields rejoice and all that is in them
3644PSA9612j65hfigs-personification0let all the trees in the forest shout for joy
3645PSA9613gp2kfigs-parallelism0He is coming to judge the earth. He will judge the world ... and the peoples

The three phrase have similar meanings; the last two phases are used to strengthen the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3646PSA9613jp590to judge ... will judge
3647PSA9613yk8hfigs-metonymy0He will judge the world with righteousness
3648PSA9613yn8lfigs-ellipsis0the peoples with his faithfulness
3649PSA9613z7r2figs-abstractnouns0with his faithfulness
3650PSA97introydx40

Psalm 097 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 97 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100)

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's authority

All people who worship idols are disgraced because Yahweh rules over all the world.

3651PSA971myd1writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3652PSA971aa9afigs-personification0let the earth rejoice; let the many coastlands be glad
3653PSA971n5lw0coastlands
3654PSA972rl3n0Clouds and darkness surround him

We cannot see him; it is as if he were sitting in the dark with clouds all around him

3655PSA972h2mdfigs-metonymy0Righteousness and justice are the foundation of his throne
3656PSA972tat1figs-metonymy0the foundation of his throne
3657PSA973e96vfigs-personification0Fire goes before him

The psalmist speaks as if fire were a person walking before King Yahweh and telling people that the king was coming. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

3658PSA973nz830consumes his adversaries

burns up his enemies

3659PSA974th94figs-personification0the earth sees and trembles
3660PSA974c2ef0trembles

shakes with fear

3661PSA975r8fcfigs-simile0The mountains melt like wax before Yahweh
3662PSA976t73sfigs-personification0The skies declare his justice
3663PSA978t6tgfigs-metonymy0Zion heard ... the towns of Judah
3664PSA979fh9wfigs-metaphor0are most high above all
3665PSA979etq9figs-metaphor0You are exalted far
3666PSA9710v6gefigs-metonymy0he takes them out of the hand of the wicked
3667PSA9711zi9afigs-parallelism0Light is sown for ... and gladness for
3668PSA9711c84hfigs-metaphor0Light is sown for the righteous
3669PSA9711s7rlfigs-nominaladj0the righteous
3670PSA9711a81ffigs-ellipsis0gladness for those with honest hearts
3671PSA9711tqu7figs-synecdoche0those with honest hearts
3672PSA9712bkn20General Information:
3673PSA9712h6wcfigs-idiom0Be glad in Yahweh
3674PSA9712df6ifigs-metonymy0when you remember his holiness
3675PSA98intrort9w0

Psalm 098 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 98 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100).

Special concepts in this chapter

Praise

Everyone and every thing should sing praises to Yahweh because he is worthy of all praise.

3676PSA981p45qwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3677PSA981p2zl0a new song

a song no one has ever sung before. See how this is translated in Psalms 96:1.

3678PSA981diq2figs-metonymy0his right hand and his holy arm have
3679PSA981wsb20right hand

the more powerful and skilled hand

3680PSA981q78cfigs-metonymy0holy arm
3681PSA981q2q6figs-abstractnouns0have given him victory
3682PSA982e23qfigs-abstractnouns0made known his salvation
3683PSA982r9rsfigs-abstractnouns0showed his justice to all the nations
3684PSA983p5wzfigs-idiom0calls to mind
3685PSA983k1dmfigs-metonymy0all the ends of the earth
3686PSA983g1bqfigs-abstractnouns0will see the victory of our God
3687PSA984qdk5figs-metonymy0all the earth
3688PSA984l8fc0burst into song

suddenly begin singing happily

3689PSA984p9j90sing for joy

sing because you are happy

3690PSA984si760sing praises

sing praises to God

3691PSA985mn380melodious

delightful or pleasing musical sound

3692PSA986q5hb0the horn

an animal horn used as a musical instrument

3693PSA986ulk20make a joyful noise
3694PSA987cyl7figs-personification0Let the sea shout and everything in it
3695PSA987gsp5figs-ellipsis0the world and those who live in it
3696PSA987wcf2figs-metonymy0the world
3697PSA988t1anfigs-personification0Let the rivers clap their hands, and let the mountains shout for joy
3698PSA989r45ffigs-ellipsis0the nations with fairness
3699PSA989qd66figs-metonymy0the nations
3700PSA989lp380with fairness
3701PSA99introwma50

Psalm 099 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 99 is one of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100).

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's justice

God is just and fair. Moses, Aaron and Samuel each prayed to him and obeyed him and he answered their prayers. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])

3702PSA991k3awwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3703PSA991gp6tfigs-metonymy0the nations
3704PSA991mf5d0tremble

shake with fear

3705PSA991rm8yfigs-explicit0He sits enthroned above the cherubim
3706PSA991i5p30quakes

shakes

3707PSA992w3l70Yahweh is great in Zion; he is exalted above all the nations
3708PSA992e9l4figs-activepassive0he is exalted above all the nations
3709PSA993r44j0Let them praise your great and awesome name

Here the author shifts from speaking about God, to speaking to God. After this phrase though, he shifts back to speaking about God.

3710PSA994c51tfigs-abstractnouns0he loves justice
3711PSA994f41efigs-abstractnouns0You have established fairness
3712PSA995j6yjfigs-explicit0worship at his footstool
3713PSA997cv850solemn

important, given seriously

3714PSA998v1qa0You answered them

You answered your people

3715PSA999lw8c0his holy hill

Mount Zion

3716PSA100intron9yp0

Psalm 100 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 100 is the last of six worship psalms (Psalms 95-100).

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's care for his creation

God made mankind and takes good care of people.

3717PSA1001m9gawriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3718PSA1001xue70Shout joyfully to Yahweh
3719PSA1001szl7figs-metonymy0all the earth
3720PSA1002kub7figs-metaphor0come before his presence
3721PSA1003uxa7figs-metaphor0the sheep of his pasture
3722PSA1003z4at0pasture

a grassy area for feeding animals

3723PSA1004tb640with thanksgiving
3724PSA1004zt85figs-metonymy0bless his name
3725PSA1005qn11figs-abstractnouns0his covenant faithfulness endures forever
3726PSA1005e52yfigs-ellipsis0his truthfulness through all generations
3727PSA1005nly80through all generations
3728PSA101introvhm30

Psalm 101 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 101 is a psalm asking God's help in living as a person should.

Special concepts in this chapter

Encouragement

The psalmist wanted to encourage all the good people in the land restrain all the evil people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])

3729PSA1011icq7writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3730PSA1011lx29figs-abstractnouns0I will sing of covenant faithfulness and justice
3731PSA1012v15mfigs-metaphor0I will walk in the way of integrity
3732PSA1012x9kmfigs-metaphor0I will walk with integrity within my house
3733PSA1013ebd9figs-abstractnouns0I will not put wrongdoing before my eyes
3734PSA1013l5plfigs-personification0it will not cling to me
3735PSA1013cx520cling

hold on to something or someone very tightly

3736PSA1014v5jw0to evil

to anything that is evil

3737PSA1015f3b9figs-doublet0a proud demeanor and an arrogant attitude

These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize how prideful such people are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

3738PSA1015nsy20a proud demeanor
3739PSA1016ph2rfigs-nominaladj0the faithful
3740PSA1016qs64figs-metaphor0walk in the way of integrity
3741PSA1017n792figs-parallelism0Deceitful people will not ... liars will not

These two phrases have the same idea and are used together to emphasize how David will not tolerate deceitful people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3742PSA1017pag2figs-activepassive0liars will not be welcome
3743PSA1017hk5xfigs-synecdoche0before my eyes
3744PSA1018xql10Morning by morning

Every day

3745PSA1018e3n4figs-nominaladj0the wicked
3746PSA1018nwb7figs-explicit0from the city of Yahweh
3747PSA102introew2b0

Psalm 102 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 102 is a psalm of deliverance from sickness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Salvation

The author does not want to die young. He also wants to see Jerusalem saved. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])

3748PSA1021p5kdwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3749PSA1021g5uxfigs-nominaladj0the afflicted
3750PSA1023z22dfigs-simile0my days pass away like smoke
3751PSA1023uzi1figs-synecdoche0my bones burn like fire
3752PSA1024c6kxfigs-synecdoche0My heart is crushed
3753PSA1024g6gzfigs-simile0I am like grass that has withered
3754PSA1026lb9rfigs-simile0I am like a pelican of the wilderness
3755PSA1026e6su0a pelican

a large fish-eating bird

3756PSA1026mja3figs-simile0I have become like an owl in the ruins
3757PSA1026z5z70an owl
3758PSA1027g7mvfigs-simile0I lie awake like a solitary bird

The writer compares himself to a bird to emphasize his feeling of loneliness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

3759PSA1029w9f3figs-simile0I eat ashes like bread
3760PSA1029x9c8figs-explicit0mix my drink with tears
3761PSA10210n1sqfigs-metaphor0you have lifted me up to throw me down
3762PSA10211p3fufigs-simile0My days are like a shadow that fades
3763PSA10211i6b5figs-simile0I have withered like grass
3764PSA10211zgl80withered

dry and wrinkled

3765PSA10212u1980your fame is for all generations

you will be recognized for all generations to come

3766PSA10212ge7b0fame

being known by many people

3767PSA10213xp79figs-metonymy0have mercy on Zion
3768PSA10213rn9d0upon her
3769PSA10214ew61figs-explicit0hold her stones dear
3770PSA10215h2k3figs-metonymy0your name
3771PSA10215n7utfigs-synecdoche0will honor your glory
3772PSA10216p45x0will appear in his glory
3773PSA10217c68kfigs-nominaladj0the destitute

This refers to destitute people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-nominaladj]])

3774PSA10217l5lyfigs-doublenegatives0he will not reject their prayer
3775PSA10218ex9tfigs-activepassive0This will be written for future generations
3776PSA10219p7h3figs-parallelism0For he has looked down from the holy heights; from heaven Yahweh has viewed

These two phrases have similar meaning and are used together for emphasize how God looks down from heaven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3777PSA10219f2bl0the holy heights

his holy place high above the earth

3778PSA10220zeq6figs-activepassive0those who were condemned to death
3779PSA10221jgk6figs-parallelism0proclaim the name of Yahweh in Zion and his praise in Jerusalem

These two phrases have the same meaning and emphasize the idea of praising the name of Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3780PSA10223vj74figs-metaphor0taken away my strength
3781PSA10223bbe3figs-metaphor0my days
3782PSA10224zb7qfigs-metaphor0do not take me away
3783PSA10224tyv40you are here throughout all generations

you are present throughout all generations

3784PSA10226r72f0they will all grow old
3785PSA10227fd7ufigs-metaphor0your years will have no end
3786PSA10228va7h0will live on

will continue to live

3787PSA10228nf8ifigs-metaphor0live in your presence
3788PSA103introb1ht0

Psalm 103 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 103 is the first in a series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107)

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's grace

God is good to us by forgiving our sins and not punishing us as much as we deserve. His loving-kindness goes on from generation to generation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])

3789PSA1031j269writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3790PSA1031dn28figs-parallelism0I give praise to Yahweh with all my life, and with all that is within me, I give praise to his holy name
3791PSA1031tv2nfigs-metonymy0give praise to his holy name

This refers to praising Yahweh's name as Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

3792PSA1031qlm6figs-synecdoche0all that is within me
3793PSA1033ts4f0your ... you
3794PSA1034d9r50your ... you
3795PSA1034ktm1figs-metaphor0He redeems your life from destruction
3796PSA1034n5d6figs-metaphor0he crowns you with covenant faithfulness and acts of tender mercy
3797PSA1035u7y1figs-metonymy0He satisfies your life with good things
3798PSA1035ga8qfigs-simile0your youth is renewed like the eagle
3799PSA1035c2mkfigs-metonymy0your youth
3800PSA1036g16e0does acts of justice for

causes justice to happen to

3801PSA1036d2hyfigs-explicit0all who are oppressed
3802PSA1037b1wwfigs-ellipsis0his deeds to the descendants of Israel
3803PSA1038s8zz0has great covenant loyalty

is full of mercy and love

3804PSA1039whp1figs-parallelism0He will not always discipline; he is not always angry

These two phrases have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3805PSA10310ma6vfigs-parallelism0He does not deal with us ... or repay us
3806PSA10310e5pc0deal with us

punish us

3807PSA10311me8xfigs-simile0For as the skies are high ... toward those who honor him

The simile compares the great distance between heaven and earth to the greatness of God's love for his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

3808PSA10311e326figs-abstractnouns0so great is his covenant faithfulness
3809PSA10312tv54figs-simile0As far as the east ... removed the guilt of our sins from us

The distance between east and west is so far that it cannot be measured. In this simile, that distance is being compared to how far God moves our guilt away from us. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

3810PSA10313yv8tfigs-simile0As a father has compassion ... on those who honor him

Here the author compares a father's compassion for his children to Yahweh's compassion for those who honor him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

3811PSA10314l1y7figs-activepassive0how we are formed
3812PSA10314pmk4figs-explicit0he knows that we are dust
3813PSA10315dwr3figs-simile0As for man, his days are like grass
3814PSA10315zx2qfigs-simile0he flourishes like a flower in a field

In this simile, how man grows over time is compared to how a flower grows. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

3815PSA10315p86d0flourishes
3816PSA10316pk91figs-simile0The wind blows over it, and it disappears ... where it once grew
3817PSA10317x8iafigs-abstractnouns0the covenant faithfulness of Yahweh is
3818PSA10317c87zfigs-merism0is from everlasting to everlasting
3819PSA10317h9c90their descendants

the descendants of those who honor him

3820PSA10318qg3hfigs-parallelism0They keep his covenant and remember to obey his instructions

These two phrases have similar meanings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3821PSA10319zz3lfigs-metonymy0Yahweh has established his throne in the heavens
3822PSA10319wr380has established

has made

3823PSA10319q47pfigs-metonymy0his kingdom rules
3824PSA10321hie6figs-idiom0carry out his will
3825PSA10322kgz30in all the places where he reigns

praise him in all the places where he reigns

3826PSA10322te1gfigs-metonymy0with all my life
3827PSA104introzu6w0

Psalm 104 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 104 is the second in the series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107)

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's creation

God has created everything good on earth, in the sky and in the sea.

3828PSA1041n2h6writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. This psalm is a song of praise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3829PSA1041h3dufigs-metonymy0with all my life
3830PSA1041pn87figs-doublet0you are clothed with splendor and majesty
3831PSA1042a2hafigs-simile0You cover yourself with light as with a garment
3832PSA1042dy5xfigs-simile0you spread out the heavens like a tent curtain
3833PSA1043mw5b0You lay the beams of your chambers on the clouds
3834PSA1043wvf4figs-metaphor0you make the clouds your chariot
3835PSA1043cb6dfigs-metaphor0you walk on the wings of the wind
3836PSA1044h3wjfigs-personification0He makes the winds his messengers
3837PSA1044hx2dfigs-personification0flames of fire his servants
3838PSA1044m17rfigs-ellipsis0flames of fire his servants
3839PSA1045slc5figs-idiom0He laid the foundations of the earth
3840PSA1046uvx2figs-simile0You covered the earth with water like a garment
3841PSA1047cyi9figs-parallelism0Your rebuke made the waters ... they fled

These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize how God spoke and the waters went away. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3842PSA1047xcn50recede

move back, go down

3843PSA1047e57pfigs-personification0they fled
3844PSA1048scr3figs-personification0The mountains rose, and the valleys spread out

Here the psalmist speaks of God causing the mountains and valleys to move and change as if they chose to move themselves. They are described this way to emphasize God's power. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

3845PSA1048l42f0for them
3846PSA1049n9ikfigs-personification0a boundary for them that they will not cross
3847PSA1049dvf60boundary

border

3848PSA10410iif60streams

small rivers

3849PSA10411lyg8figs-explicit0the wild donkeys quench their thirst
3850PSA10412agc80riverbanks

the ground at the edges of a river

3851PSA10412f9hdfigs-metaphor0they sing among the branches
3852PSA10413t46efigs-metaphor0He waters the mountains from his water chambers in the sky
3853PSA10413umz50the fruit of his labor

the many good things that you create

3854PSA10414e34gfigs-ellipsis0and plants for man to cultivate
3855PSA10416wk1sfigs-activepassive0The trees of Yahweh get plenty of rain
3856PSA10417hms7figs-explicit0There the birds make their nests
3857PSA10417hw3v0stork
3858PSA10418k4ms0hyraxes
3859PSA10419ph3b0seasons

This word refers to different weather changes through the year. Some places have rainy season and dry season, while others have spring, summer, fall, and winter.

3860PSA10419e39sfigs-personification0the sun knows its time
3861PSA10420qx530You make
3862PSA10421lyz70prey

an animal that is food for another animal

3863PSA10421jb9f0and seek their food from God

but they rely on God to provide their food

3864PSA10422gx5s0retreat

go back to their dens

3865PSA10422y9tf0dens

the homes of some mammals and small animals

3866PSA10424z55tfigs-metaphor0overflows with your works
3867PSA10425ci1vfigs-doublet0deep and wide
3868PSA10425px6m0teeming with innumerable creatures

having in them more creatures than anyone could count

3869PSA10425ury20innumerable

more than anyone can count

3870PSA10425qyy2figs-merism0both small and great

This means creatures of all sizes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])

3871PSA10426hy310The ships travel there

The ships travel on the sea

3872PSA10427f1i20All these

All these creatures

3873PSA10427ty2m0give them their food on time

give them their food when they need it

3874PSA10428zi19figs-explicit0When you give to them, they gather
3875PSA10428lri90gather

collect

3876PSA10428rs7mfigs-explicit0when you open your hand
3877PSA10429mel5figs-explicit0hide your face
3878PSA10429w8jzfigs-explicit0return to dust
3879PSA10430nc9ifigs-idiom0When you send out your Spirit

This refers to his Spirit being sent to give life to creatures. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

3880PSA10430ufs8figs-activepassive0they are created

It is Yahweh's spirit that created them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

3881PSA10430bvs40you renew the countryside

you cause the land to be full of new life

3882PSA10434wqg4figs-metaphor0my thoughts be sweet
3883PSA10435j2if0vanish

disappear

3884PSA10435d8e7figs-nominaladj0let the wicked be no more
3885PSA105introlfu20

Psalm 105 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 105 is the third in a series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107)

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's protection

God protected Abraham and Jacob. He worked throughout Israel's history to bring Israel into the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])

3886PSA1051zzf7writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3887PSA1051vd4nfigs-metonymy0call on his name
3888PSA1051x3bsfigs-metonymy0the nations
3889PSA1053te1cfigs-metonymy0Boast in his holy name
3890PSA1053a47mfigs-synecdoche0let the heart of those who seek Yahweh rejoice
3891PSA1054hn4wfigs-idiom0Seek Yahweh and his strength
3892PSA1055bp9g0Recall

remember and think about

3893PSA1055d8xxfigs-ellipsis0his miracles and
3894PSA1055mlf1figs-metonymy0the decrees from his mouth
3895PSA1056h2s30you descendants of Abraham ... you people of Jacob

The author is speaking to the Israelites, calling them these names.

3896PSA1056qt6k0Abraham his servant

Abraham, Yahweh's servant

3897PSA1058dsi3figs-parallelism0He keeps in mind ... the word that he commanded
3898PSA1058jiu4figs-idiom0keeps in mind
3899PSA1058myq8translate-numbers0a thousand generations
3900PSA1059f63mfigs-idiom0He calls to mind
3901PSA1059q6jdfigs-parallelism0the covenant that he made with Abraham ... his oath to Isaac
3902PSA1059xgp2figs-ellipsis0his oath to Isaac
3903PSA10512mm4y0Connecting Statement:

The psalmist is writing about Israel.

3904PSA10512y52u0when they were only few in number
3905PSA10512xll7figs-explicit0were strangers in the land
3906PSA10513m9g60They went from

They continued to wander

3907PSA10513zb22figs-parallelism0from nation to nation and from one kingdom to another

These two phrases have similar meanings and are used together for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3908PSA10514y2y20Connecting Statement:

The psalmist is writing about Israel.

3909PSA10514zit60for their sakes
3910PSA10515ex2xfigs-hyperbole0Do not touch my anointed ones
3911PSA10516yy95figs-idiom0He called for
3912PSA10516ih1ifigs-synecdoche0the whole supply of bread
3913PSA10517w46afigs-explicit0He sent a man ahead of them; Joseph
3914PSA10517a5ydfigs-activepassive0Joseph was sold as a servant
3915PSA10518y8ja0shackles

metal restraints used to fasten a prisoner's wrists or ankles together

3916PSA10518y4befigs-activepassive0His feet were bound by shackles; on his neck was put an iron collar
3917PSA10519d2i10The word of Yahweh tested him

The message of Yahweh tested him

3918PSA10520t5jpfigs-parallelism0The king sent servants to release him; the ruler of the people set him free

These two phrases have basically the same meaning and are used together to emphasize that the king set Joseph free. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3919PSA10523cy4lfigs-explicit0Then Israel came into Egypt
3920PSA10524dy5vfigs-metaphor0Yahweh made his people fruitful
3921PSA10525dlg80to hate his people, to mistreat his servants

to hate his people and to mistreat his servants

3922PSA10527m86tfigs-parallelism0They performed his signs among the Egyptians ... his wonders in the land of Ham
3923PSA10527ejj7figs-ellipsis0his wonders in the land of Ham
3924PSA10527sf91figs-explicit0the land of Ham
3925PSA10528x43u0made that land dark

made the sky dark

3926PSA10530l4fr0frogs

a small jumping reptile

3927PSA10530svn60even in the rooms of their rulers

they were even in the rooms of their rulers

3928PSA10531bg5e0Connecting Statement:

The psalmist continues to describe Yahweh's judgment on Egypt.

3929PSA10531xv9w0swarms

large flying groups

3930PSA10531p85g0gnats

small flying insects like flies but smaller

3931PSA10532xxb20hail

ice that falls from the sky like rain

3932PSA10533sa1jfigs-metonymy0He destroyed ... he broke
3933PSA10534pv2a0so many locusts

there were so many locusts

3934PSA10535ytq3figs-parallelism0The locusts ate up all of the vegetation ... They ate up all the crops of the ground
3935PSA10536ur3wfigs-parallelism0He killed every firstborn in their land, the firstfruits of all their strength
3936PSA10537p9rbfigs-explicit0He brought the Israelites out with silver and gold
3937PSA10537jug1figs-doublenegatives0none of his tribes stumbled on the way
3938PSA10538b4iafigs-metonymy0Egypt was glad
3939PSA10539z8gyfigs-metaphor0He spread a cloud for a covering
3940PSA10539tm1ifigs-explicit0made a fire to light up the night
3941PSA10540ny85figs-explicit0he brought quail
3942PSA10540i82gfigs-explicit0with bread from heaven
3943PSA10541kr8h0they flowed

the waters flowed

3944PSA10542p4umfigs-idiom0called to mind
3945PSA10543s27lfigs-parallelism0He led his people out ... his chosen with shouts of triumph
3946PSA10543is64figs-nominaladj0his chosen
3947PSA10543vc3k0shouts of triumph

the sound that people make when they are shouting with joy because they have defeated their enemies

3948PSA10545x32zfigs-parallelism0keep his statutes and obey his laws
3949PSA106introb2l30

Psalm 106 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 106 is the fourth in a series of five psalms of praise to God. (Psalm 103-107)

Special concepts in this chapter

Israel's sin

Although Israel continually sinned in the desert, God still took them to the Promised Land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])

3950PSA1061m751writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3951PSA1061n4rkfigs-abstractnouns0for his covenant faithfulness endures forever
3952PSA1062mp3ffigs-rquestion0Who can recount the mighty acts of Yahweh ... deeds?
3953PSA1062gxs80praiseworthy deeds

deeds that are worthy of praise

3954PSA1064hu15figs-idiom0Call me to mind
3955PSA1065a4xhfigs-nominaladj0of your chosen
3956PSA1065hyv2figs-ellipsis0rejoice in the gladness ... and glory
3957PSA1065xr8z0gladness

joy, delight

3958PSA1065upf7figs-metonymy0glory with your inheritance
3959PSA1067f98d0did not appreciate your marvelous deeds

were not grateful for the marvelous deed you did

3960PSA1067ba4yfigs-abstractnouns0they ignored your many acts of covenant faithfulness
3961PSA1067i9mu0at the sea ... the Sea of Reeds

These two phrases refer to the same sea. The second is the name of the sea.

3962PSA1068gj3d0Nevertheless, he

Even though what I have just said is true, he

3963PSA1068cz9efigs-metonymy0for his name's sake
3964PSA1069f4nvfigs-simile0through the depths, as through a wilderness
3965PSA10610tc7gfigs-parallelism0He saved them from the hand ... and he rescued them from the hand

These two phrases mean basically the same thing and are used together to emphasize that Yahweh saved them from their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3966PSA10610hd8lfigs-metonymy0the hand of those who hated them
3967PSA10611iwb8figs-euphemism0covered their adversaries
3968PSA10612z9pl0Then they believed his words
3969PSA10613k4qafigs-explicit0they did not wait for his instructions
3970PSA10614hxm80insatiable cravings

cravings that could not be satisfied

3971PSA10614ut7k0they challenged God

They rebelled against God

3972PSA10615p9dqfigs-metaphor0but he sent a horrible disease
3973PSA10615cz4b0a horrible disease

a disease that caused people to slowly become weak and caused some of them to die

3974PSA10616ymj2figs-explicit0In the camp
3975PSA10617rfy5figs-personification0The earth opened and swallowed up
3976PSA10617n2wetranslate-names0Dathan

This was an official who rebelled against Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

3977PSA10617acj1figs-ellipsis0covered the followers of Abiram
3978PSA10617trp8translate-names0Abiram

This was an official who rebelled against Moses. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

3979PSA10618k3irfigs-parallelism0Fire broke out among them; the fire consumed the wicked

These two phrases mean the same things and are written together to emphasize how the wicked people were killed by the fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

3980PSA10619uq33figs-explicit0They made a calf at Horeb and worshiped a cast metal figure
3981PSA10620em83figs-explicit0They traded the glory of God for the image of a bull
3982PSA10620ke98figs-metonymy0the glory of God
3983PSA10622ej25figs-possession0the land of Ham
3984PSA10622s85r0mighty acts

awesome things

3985PSA10623s6jifigs-metaphor0stood in the breach before him, to turn away his anger from destroying them
3986PSA10624rv7l0his promise

This refers to Yahweh's promise that he would allow them to take the land of Canaan as their possession.

3987PSA10625g1re0grumbled

complained

3988PSA10626rxu80raised his hand
3989PSA10627gk8tfigs-parallelism0scatter their descendants ... in foreign lands
3990PSA10627yf1j0scatter

This means to disperse or spread out something.

3991PSA10628ju2mfigs-activepassive0the sacrifices offered to the dead
3992PSA10628sm42figs-nominaladj0to the dead
3993PSA10629fu7m0a plague broke out

a plague spread

3994PSA10629m7n80provoked him to anger

angered him

3995PSA10630eqn8figs-explicit0Then Phinehas rose to intervene
3996PSA10631s4kmfigs-activepassive0It was counted to him as a righteous deed
3997PSA10632p4gwtranslate-names0Meribah

This is a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

3998PSA10632zj4efigs-metonymy0suffered because of them
3999PSA10635kf8nfigs-metaphor0but they mingled with the nations
4000PSA10636j9ws0which became a snare to them

The idols became a snare to them.

4001PSA10638f98rfigs-euphemism0They shed innocent blood, the blood of their sons and of their daughters
4002PSA10639dy5ffigs-activepassive0They were defiled by their deeds
4003PSA10639b2u2figs-explicit0in their actions they were like prostitutes
4004PSA10640ef5t0So Yahweh was angry with his people ... he despised his own people

So Yahweh was angry with his people and despised them

4005PSA10641wrc9figs-metonymy0He gave them into the hand of the nations
4006PSA10641ukn10those who hated them

people who hated them

4007PSA10642q1dsfigs-activepassive0they were brought into subjection to their authority
4008PSA10643k223figs-idiom0were brought low by their own sin
4009PSA10644mj3k0Nevertheless, he
4010PSA10644ry5x0their distress
4011PSA10645try4figs-idiom0called to mind
4012PSA10645fi1e0He ... relented because of his steadfast love

He ... decided that because he still loved them very much he would not punish them

4013PSA10646vqs10their conquerers
4014PSA10646i4vh0to have pity on them

to be compassionate on them

4015PSA10647p7rh0General Information:

Here 106:48 is more than the end of this psalm. It is the closing statement for all of Book 4 of the Psalms, which starts at Psalm 90 and ends with Psalm 106.

4016PSA10647n47sfigs-metonymy0to your holy name
4017PSA10648qmx9figs-activepassive0May Yahweh, the God of Israel, be praised
4018PSA10648qzy4figs-merism0from everlasting to everlasting
4019PSA107introj88n0

Psalm 107 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 107 is the last in a series of five psalms of praise to God (Psalm 103-107).

Special concepts in this chapter

Praise

The psalmist praises Yahweh for saving people lost in the desert, in prison, sick, in a storm at sea, homeless and oppressed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])

4020PSA1071h2enwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4021PSA1071he6pfigs-abstractnouns0his covenant faithfulness endures forever
4022PSA1072p5ijfigs-nominaladj0the redeemed of Yahweh
4023PSA1072j8q7figs-idiom0speak out
4024PSA1072ftq5figs-metonymy0from the hand of the enemy
4025PSA1073vj8xfigs-merism0from the east ... and from the south
4026PSA1073fu7jfigs-ellipsis0from the east and from the west, from the north and from the south
4027PSA1074un2c0They wandered

Some people wandered

4028PSA1074hnu50on a desert road

on a road that was in the desert

4029PSA1074c3wb0in which to live

that they could live in

4030PSA1076j2tffigs-explicit0Then they called out to Yahweh in their trouble
4031PSA1076xe6n0their distress
4032PSA1078cw6efigs-exclamations0Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness
4033PSA1078a7ad0for humanity

for all people

4034PSA1079v9jj0For he satisfies the longings of those who are thirsty

For he gives water to those who desire it—to those who are thirsty

4035PSA1079pk1w0the desires of those who are hungry he fills up with good things

to those who are very hungry and desire food, he give them good things to eat

4036PSA10710d8zkfigs-explicit0Some sat
4037PSA10710pb1ifigs-doublet0in darkness and in gloom
4038PSA10711hv2ffigs-parallelism0they had rebelled against God's word ... rejected the instruction of the Most High

These phrases have similar meanings and emphasize how much they had rebelled again God, which is why they had been imprisoned. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4039PSA10712n1vffigs-synecdoche0He humbled their hearts through hardship
4040PSA10712pw850hardship
4041PSA10712rn21figs-explicit0they stumbled and there was no one to help them up
4042PSA10713ee2rfigs-explicit0Then they called out to Yahweh in their trouble
4043PSA10713w6na0their distress
4044PSA10713qk74figs-metaphor0he brought
4045PSA10714h4hv0He brought them

Yahweh brought those in prison

4046PSA10714ca58figs-doublet0darkness and gloom
4047PSA10715hl74figs-exclamations0Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness
4048PSA10716xw9f0For he

because he

4049PSA10716a9c5figs-parallelism0For he has broken the gates of bronze and cut through the bars of iron
4050PSA10717cg190They were foolish in their rebellious ways

They were foolish in the way they rebelled against Yahweh

4051PSA10717w525figs-explicit0and afflicted
4052PSA10718qkk6figs-metaphor0they came close to the gates of death
4053PSA10719h1ytfigs-explicit0Then they called out to Yahweh in their trouble
4054PSA10720q29lfigs-personification0He sent his word and healed them
4055PSA10721b9jyfigs-exclamations0Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness
4056PSA10722qpm70of thanksgiving

that show that they are thankful

4057PSA10722ct4t0in singing

by singing about them

4058PSA10723w4vqfigs-explicit0and do business overseas
4059PSA10725h9pa0he commanded and aroused the windstorm that stirs up the seas

he commanded the wind and caused it become a great windstorm that stirred up the sea

4060PSA10725wyy30windstorm

a strong wind, like the wind that accompanies a strong rain storm

4061PSA10725j3g8figs-metaphor0that stirs up the seas
4062PSA10726y5x4figs-hyperbole0They reached up to the sky; they went down to the depths
4063PSA10726jma2figs-idiom0Their lives melted away in distress
4064PSA10727yjm2figs-idiom0were at their wits' end
4065PSA10728j371figs-explicit0Then they called out to Yahweh in their trouble
4066PSA10728i5p50Then they
4067PSA10728jw4k0he brought them

he guided them

4068PSA10729yp9j0He calmed the storm

He made the wind stop

4069PSA10729ca97figs-activepassive0the waves were stilled
4070PSA10730pch10their desired harbor

to the harbor where they wanted to go

4071PSA10731bw2ufigs-exclamations0Oh that people would praise Yahweh for his covenant faithfulness
4072PSA10732r3mg0praise him in the council of the elders
4073PSA10733ni1b0He turns

Yahweh makes

4074PSA10734d8df0because of the wickedness of its people

because the people that live there are wicked

4075PSA10735iw79figs-parallelism0He turns the wilderness into a pool of water and dry land into springs of water
4076PSA10736h54cfigs-nominaladj0He settles the hungry there
4077PSA10737u1tb0to plant vineyards

to plant vineyards in

4078PSA10737bsi70and to bring in an abundant harvest

so that they can produce a plentiful harvest

4079PSA10738rb6h0so they are very numerous

so that their people are very numerous

4080PSA10738ah11figs-litotes0He does not let their cattle decrease in number
4081PSA10739aqn70They
4082PSA10739x3qvfigs-activepassive0They were diminished and brought low
4083PSA10739sl5d0were diminished

became fewer in number

4084PSA10739fpr8figs-idiom0brought low
4085PSA10740k39hfigs-metaphor0pours contempt on
4086PSA10740i78efigs-explicit0the leaders
4087PSA10740b5e50where there are no roads

where people never go

4088PSA10741eaq20But he

But Yahweh

4089PSA10741a9fbfigs-nominaladj0the needy
4090PSA10741n1pwfigs-simile0cares for his families like a flock
4091PSA10742j8l2figs-nominaladj0The upright
4092PSA10742pa98figs-metonymy0all wickedness
4093PSA10742s6wbfigs-idiom0shuts its mouth
4094PSA10743fk8hfigs-idiom0take note of these things
4095PSA10743u9kqfigs-abstractnouns0meditate on Yahweh's acts of covenant faithfulness
4096PSA108introvpj50

Psalm 108 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 108 is a psalm of war.

Special concepts in this chapter

Victory

God promised success to the psalmist, but Yahweh failed to help him conquer the country of Edom. He needed God to give him victory over Edom.

4097PSA1081lxd7writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4098PSA1081c1mrfigs-synecdoche0My heart is fixed, God
4099PSA1081tuz7figs-synecdoche0I will sing praises also with my honored heart
4100PSA1082gl6hfigs-personification0Wake up, lute and harp
4101PSA1082dnf4figs-personification0I will wake up the dawn
4102PSA1082yj5i0dawn

when the sun rises

4103PSA1084ce4ifigs-parallelism0your covenant faithfulness is great above the heavens; and your trustworthiness reaches to the skies
4104PSA1085y6qhfigs-metaphor0Be exalted, God, above the heavens
4105PSA1085v9czfigs-metonymy0may your glory be exalted
4106PSA1086ewv5figs-activepassive0So that those you love may be rescued
4107PSA1086yda2figs-metonymy0with your right hand
4108PSA1086m9rgfigs-metonymy0answer me
4109PSA1087e11p0General Information:

This verse is the same as Psalms 60:6.

4110PSA1087j6axfigs-metaphor0God has spoken in his holiness
4111PSA1087vkv80I will divide Shechem and apportion out the Valley of Succoth

Here God is speaking about dividing the land of Shechem and the Valley of Succoth.

4112PSA1087mr5j0apportion

to divide into portions

4113PSA1088tt4v0General Information:

This verse is the same as Psalms 60:7.

4114PSA1088acw8figs-metaphor0Ephraim also is my helmet
4115PSA1088sj9d0helmet

a hard hat that soldiers wear to protect their heads from injury

4116PSA1088yz46figs-metaphor0Judah is my scepter
4117PSA1089db770General Information:

This verse is the same as Psalms 60:8.

4118PSA1089xz1wfigs-metaphor0Moab is my washbasin
4119PSA1089n1ymfigs-metaphor0over Edom I will throw my shoe
4120PSA10810ian90General Information:

This verse is the same as Psalms 60:9.

4121PSA10811f1640General Information:

This verse is almost the same as Psalms 60:10.

4122PSA10811htl8figs-rquestion0God, have you not rejected us?
4123PSA10811mze2figs-metaphor0You do not go into battle with our army
4124PSA10812h6li0General Information:

This verse is the same as Psalms 60:11.

4125PSA10812va870is futile

is worthless

4126PSA10813vs710General Information:

This verse is the same as Psalms 60:12.

4127PSA10813wk3a0will triumph

will defeat our enemies

4128PSA10813a18rfigs-metaphor0he will trample down our enemies
4129PSA109intror1w70

Psalm 109 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 109 is a psalm of vengeance against an enemy who has lied about him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Enemies destroyed

This enemy lied about the psalmist. So he asked God to completely destroy his enemy and his enemy's family.

4130PSA1091w5rbwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4131PSA1091ka6w0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship.

4132PSA1092tj2tfigs-nominaladj0For the wicked and deceitful
4133PSA1094e77p0In return for my love

Although I loved them

4134PSA1094p5ny0my love

my love for them

4135PSA1094lek5figs-explicit0they accuse me
4136PSA1096p353figs-parallelism0Appoint a wicked man ... appoint an accuser
4137PSA1096axd70at his right hand

at my enemy's right hand

4138PSA1097li65figs-activepassive0When he is judged, may he be found guilty
4139PSA1097sfk3figs-activepassive0may his prayer be considered sinful
4140PSA1098s7dnfigs-idiom0May his days be few
4141PSA1098nt3y0his office

his position of authority

4142PSA10910d7fa0handouts

food or money given to beggars

4143PSA10910ba230their ruined home

their destroyed homes

4144PSA10911s52u0the creditor

someone who lends money to another person but expects that the person will pay the money back

4145PSA10911f7aq0plunder

steal by force

4146PSA10913i5qbfigs-parallelism0May his children be cut off; may their name be blotted out

These two phrases have similar meanings and emphasize his children being destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4147PSA10913hn3gfigs-activepassive0May his children be cut off
4148PSA10913i4f9figs-metaphor0may their name be blotted out in the next generation
4149PSA10914k5njfigs-activepassive0May his ancestors' sins be mentioned to Yahweh
4150PSA10914hen7figs-activepassive0may the sin of his mother not be forgotten
4151PSA10915bg71figs-metaphor0May their guilt always be before Yahweh
4152PSA10915g7c5figs-metonymy0may Yahweh cut off their memory from the earth
4153PSA10916yx2xfigs-explicit0this man never bothered to show any covenant faithfulness
4154PSA10916x4b8figs-nominaladj0the oppressed, the needy
4155PSA10916ju66figs-nominaladj0the disheartened
4156PSA10916qim30to death
4157PSA10917va8l0may it come back upon him

may his curses come upon him

4158PSA10918msj4figs-metaphor0He clothed himself with cursing as his garment
4159PSA10918dq390as his garment

as if they were his clothing

4160PSA10918h86cfigs-metaphor0his curse came into his inner being like water, like oil into his bones
4161PSA10918h7bbfigs-explicit0like water
4162PSA10918bkc9figs-explicit0like oil into his bones
4163PSA10919u676figs-simile0May his curses be to him like the clothes he wears to cover himself
4164PSA10919j7lwfigs-ellipsis0like the belt he always wears
4165PSA10920l5zl0May this be the reward

May these curses be the reward

4166PSA10921a7fjfigs-idiom0deal kindly with me
4167PSA10921zbn10your name's sake

the sake of your reputation

4168PSA10921qx2efigs-abstractnouns0Because your covenant faithfulness is good
4169PSA10922c385figs-doublet0oppressed and needy

These two words have similar meanings and emphasize that he is unable to help himself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

4170PSA10922b3t9figs-metaphor0my heart is wounded within me
4171PSA10923gx1wfigs-metaphor0I am fading away like the shadow ... like a locust
4172PSA10924b9m1figs-explicit0My knees are weak
4173PSA10924v9cy0from fasting

because I am not eating any food

4174PSA10924i7xffigs-idiom0I am turning to skin and bones
4175PSA10925li9gfigs-activepassive0I am disdained by my accusers
4176PSA10925qvc70shake their heads

This is an act of disapproval.

4177PSA10926u86ifigs-abstractnouns0save me by your covenant faithfulness
4178PSA10927hv1a0May they know
4179PSA10927j58d0have done this

have saved me

4180PSA10928acp80Though they curse me
4181PSA10928ryv7figs-activepassive0may they be put to shame
4182PSA10928u9an0but may your servant rejoice
4183PSA10929mfp7figs-parallelism0May my adversaries be clothed ... may they wear

These two phrase have them same meaning and are used together for emphasize how greatly he wishes for them to be ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4184PSA10929qa66figs-metaphor0be clothed with shame
4185PSA10929xhb9figs-simile0may they wear their shame like a robe
4186PSA10930d8igfigs-idiom0With my mouth I give
4187PSA10931pa49figs-idiom0will stand at the right hand of the one who is needy
4188PSA110introh1ti0

Psalm 110 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 110 is a psalm honoring the king as he becomes king and also a prophecy about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])

Special concepts in this chapter

King

The king will be able to conquer his enemies. Christ is seen as both high priest and king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/highpriest]])

4189PSA1101u94ewriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4190PSA1101xte6figs-idiom0Sit at my right hand
4191PSA1101ke66figs-metaphor0make your enemies your footstool
4192PSA1102m67u0General Information:

David continues speaking to the king.

4193PSA1102pjk3figs-explicit0Yahweh will hold out the scepter of your strength
4194PSA1102s6mj0rule among your enemies
4195PSA1103v9sn0of their own free will
4196PSA1103m1bpfigs-explicit0on the day of your power
4197PSA1103nr17figs-personification0from the womb of the dawn ... like the dew
4198PSA1103t8frfigs-metaphor0from the womb of the dawn your youth will be to you like the dew
4199PSA1104ng770You are
4200PSA1104c4tefigs-explicit0will not change
4201PSA1104qp9vfigs-ellipsis0after the manner of Melchizedek
4202PSA1105icc3figs-idiom0The Lord is at your right hand
4203PSA1105e4t40The Lord
4204PSA1105ij3wfigs-metonymy0He will kill
4205PSA1105d7kwfigs-explicit0kings
4206PSA1105zlj4figs-explicit0on the day of his anger
4207PSA1106zrf1figs-metonymy0he will fill the battlegrounds with dead bodies
4208PSA1106sc5qfigs-metonymy0he will kill the leaders in many countries
4209PSA1107uw7efigs-explicit0He will drink of the brook along the road
4210PSA1107mb7tfigs-synecdoche0of the brook
4211PSA1107hi2c0and then
4212PSA1107qf910he will lift his head

Possible meanings are 1) the king lifts up his own head or 2) Yahweh lifts up the head of the king.

4213PSA1107c1xrfigs-idiom0he will lift his head up high after victory
4214PSA111intromk5d0

Psalm 111 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 111 is a psalm of praise to God for his miracles and care. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's character

God is great. He has given his people food and a land always keeps his promises to his people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])

4215PSA1111gj78writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4216PSA1111ydq8figs-metonymy0with my whole heart
4217PSA1111wk3ifigs-doublet0in the assembly of the upright, in their gathering
4218PSA1112t1nmfigs-activepassive0eagerly awaited by all those who desire them
4219PSA1112hfu90eagerly awaited
4220PSA1114iu4tfigs-activepassive0that will be remembered
4221PSA1115b5arfigs-idiom0call to mind
4222PSA1116xr2m0his powerful works

his works that demonstrated his power

4223PSA1116v69nfigs-metaphor0the inheritance of the nations
4224PSA1117t14cfigs-synecdoche0The works of his hands
4225PSA1118aj31figs-activepassive0They are established forever
4226PSA1118shk9figs-activepassive0to be observed faithfully and properly
4227PSA1119e4zmfigs-metonymy0holy and awesome is his name
4228PSA11110x95hfigs-abstractnouns0the beginning of wisdom
4229PSA11110rv8i0those who carry out his instructions

those who obey his instructions

4230PSA11110vh6qfigs-abstractnouns0His praise endures forever
4231PSA112intros1650

Psalm 112 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 112 is a wisdom psalm teaching the value of a righteous life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Righteous people

The righteous people will be well-known for their generosity and they will not have to worry about bad news because God is taking care of them.

4232PSA1121m17pwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4233PSA1121s1nc0greatly delights

takes great pleasure

4234PSA1122yd3efigs-activepassive0the descendants of the godly man will be blessed
4235PSA1123n3wd0General Information:

The person who sings this song continues to describe a person who reveres Yahweh.

4236PSA1123uu3pfigs-metonymy0Wealth and riches are in his house
4237PSA1124kw55figs-metaphor0Light shines in the darkness for the godly person
4238PSA1125q9qmfigs-ellipsis0lends money
4239PSA1126p13c0General Information:

The person who sings this song continues to describe a person who reveres Yahweh.

4240PSA1126vvk4figs-activepassive0For he will never be moved
4241PSA1126d3jifigs-activepassive0the righteous person will be remembered forever
4242PSA1128p92s0General Information:

The person who sings this song continues to describe a person who reveres Yahweh.

4243PSA1128b8q2figs-synecdoche0His heart is tranquil
4244PSA1129yw9m0his righteousness endures forever
4245PSA1129d44afigs-activepassive0he will be exalted with honor
4246PSA11210rn5k0will see this
4247PSA11210c3evtranslate-symaction0he will grind his teeth in rage

The grinding of teeth is an expression of extreme anger. See how you translated a similar phrase in Psalms 35:16. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

4248PSA11210xx9cfigs-metaphor0melt away
4249PSA11210ig26figs-metonymy0the desire of the wicked people will perish
4250PSA113introp4uj0

Psalm 113 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 113 is a psalm of praise to God for his goodness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's help

God helps the poor and gives children to the wife who cannot conceive children.

4251PSA1131qx3mwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4252PSA1131pvw9figs-metonymy0the name of Yahweh
4253PSA1133fc3wfigs-merism0From the rising of the sun to its setting
4254PSA1133l5e2figs-metonymy0Yahweh's name should be praised
4255PSA1134s2f9figs-metaphor0his glory reaches above the skies
4256PSA1135wih3figs-rquestion0Who is like Yahweh our God, who has his seat on high
4257PSA1135q76s0who has his seat on high
4258PSA1136ig92figs-rquestion0who looks down at the sky and at the earth
4259PSA1137d8bpfigs-parallelism0He raises up the poor ... from the ash heap

These two phrases are parallel. The writer speaks of Yahweh helping and honoring people who are poor as if Yahweh caused them to stand up from sitting in dirt and ashes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

4260PSA1137rib6translate-symaction0out of the dirt ... from the ash heap

Sitting in dirt and ashes represents either poverty or despair. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

4261PSA1138ztn3figs-parallelism0so that he may seat him with princes, with the princes of his people
4262PSA1139c3e3figs-metonymy0He gives a home to the barren woman of the house
4263PSA114introvu9f0

Psalm 114 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 114 is a psalm of praise to God for his miracles in bringing the people of Israel to the promised land. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/miracle]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Praise

The psalmist praised God for opening up the Red Sea for the people to cross, for providing the earthquake that stopped the Jordan River so the people could cross and providing water from a rock for the people to drink.

4264PSA1141eph8writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4265PSA1141d4djfigs-parallelism0When Israel left Egypt, the house of Jacob from a people who spoke a foreign language
4266PSA1141trv6figs-metonymy0the house of Jacob from a people who spoke a foreign language
4267PSA1142rxv7figs-metonymy0Judah became his holy place, Israel his kingdom
4268PSA1143pq6xfigs-personification0The sea looked and fled
4269PSA1143wht9figs-personification0the Jordan turned back
4270PSA1144hr5qfigs-personification0The mountains skipped like rams, the hills skipped like lambs
4271PSA1145a5rhfigs-rquestion0General Information:
4272PSA1146m256figs-personification0skip like rams ... skip like lambs
4273PSA1147xi33figs-parallelism0Tremble, earth, before the Lord, at the presence of the God of Jacob
4274PSA1147k6tnfigs-personification0Tremble, earth
4275PSA1148u6n5figs-parallelism0He turned the rock into a pool of water, the hard rock into a spring of water

These two phrases are parallel. The writer describes Yahweh causing water to flow from the rock as if he turned the rock into water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

4276PSA1148ca4jfigs-ellipsis0the hard rock into a spring of water
4277PSA115introit4i0

Psalm 115 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 115 is a psalm of praise.

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's power

God is in heaven and is able to do whatever he wants. Idols can not do anything. Therefore, people and priests should trust God for their protection. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])

4278PSA1151i2igwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4279PSA1151l7zefigs-doublet0Not to us, Yahweh, not to us
4280PSA1151a1ln0to us
4281PSA1151xrr8figs-metonymy0but to your name bring honor
4282PSA1151ckd9figs-abstractnouns0for your covenant faithfulness and for your trustworthiness
4283PSA1152frw2figs-rquestion0
4284PSA1152ya4wfigs-rquestion0Where is their God?
4285PSA1154ums8figs-synecdoche0the work of men's hands
4286PSA1155p4emfigs-explicit0Those idols have mouths
4287PSA1157n3bnfigs-explicit0Those idols have hands
4288PSA1157ak880but do not feel

but those hands do not feel

4289PSA1158x5i2figs-explicit0Those who make them are like them, as is everyone who trusts in them
4290PSA1159tqr6figs-metonymy0Israel, trust in Yahweh
4291PSA1159l1tqfigs-metaphor0your help and shield
4292PSA11510fa9sfigs-metonymy0House of Aaron
4293PSA11512sbd20takes notice of us

has paid attention to us

4294PSA11512bns5figs-metonymy0the family of Israel
4295PSA11512bu8hfigs-metonymy0the family of Aaron
4296PSA11513j4vyfigs-merism0both young and old
4297PSA11514fg71figs-explicit0May Yahweh increase your numbers more and more
4298PSA11514ezp40yours and your descendants'
4299PSA11515psd5figs-activepassive0May you be blessed by Yahweh, who made heaven and earth
4300PSA11516qu640the earth he has given to mankind

This does not mean that the earth does not belong to Yahweh, but that has given the earth to mankind as a dwelling place.

4301PSA11517n4erfigs-nominaladj0The dead
4302PSA11517m2zufigs-ellipsis0nor do any who go down into silence
4303PSA11517hd34figs-metaphor0nor do any who go down into silence
4304PSA11518m43y0But we
4305PSA116intror7gl0

Psalm 116 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 116 is a psalm of praise for saving the psalmist's life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Healing

The author was very sick and expected to die but God healed him. So he will pay his vow and sacrifice an offering of thanks. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/vow]])

4306PSA1161y25kwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4307PSA1161w8arfigs-synecdoche0he hears my voice and my pleas for mercy
4308PSA1163vib30General Information:

The person who composed this psalm continues to speak.

4309PSA1163mte5figs-personification0The cords of death surrounded me
4310PSA1163w8spfigs-personification0the snares of Sheol confronted me
4311PSA1164sp5afigs-metonymy0called on the name of Yahweh
4312PSA1164uq14figs-synecdoche0rescue my life
4313PSA1165u5i70General Information:

The person who made this song continues to speak.

4314PSA1166wd2cfigs-nominaladj0the naive
4315PSA1166ll37figs-metaphor0I was brought low
4316PSA1167xns90General Information:

The person who composed this psalm continues to speak.

4317PSA1167sc4hfigs-metaphor0My soul can return to its resting place
4318PSA1168x6nafigs-metonymy0you rescued my life from death
4319PSA1168i9p2figs-ellipsis0my eyes from tears
4320PSA1168b6ljfigs-synecdoche0my feet from stumbling
4321PSA1169rz6b0General Information:

The person who composed this psalm continues to speak.

4322PSA1169nz3e0in the land of the living
4323PSA11610v8l2figs-activepassive0I am greatly afflicted
4324PSA11611i5hw0In my confusion I said
4325PSA11611m4td0All men are liars
4326PSA11612e1wh0General Information:

The person who made this song continues to speak.

4327PSA11612vxb4figs-rquestion0How can I repay Yahweh ... to me?
4328PSA11613s8vsfigs-explicit0I will raise the cup of salvation
4329PSA11613fa8nfigs-metonymy0call on the name of Yahweh
4330PSA11615brj4figs-explicit0Precious in the sight of Yahweh is the death of his faithful ones
4331PSA11616gx5d0General Information:

The person who composed this psalm continues to speak.

4332PSA11616xp66figs-explicit0the son of your servant woman
4333PSA11616r6jcfigs-metaphor0you have taken away my bonds
4334PSA11617nqi10the sacrifice of thanksgiving

a sacrifice to express my thankfulness

4335PSA11617qr1lfigs-metonymy0will call on the name of Yahweh
4336PSA11618tj190General Information:

The person who made this song continues to speak.

4337PSA11618ttr50I will fulfill ... all his people

See how you translated Psalms 116:14.

4338PSA11619u16bfigs-metonymy0in the courts of Yahweh's house
4339PSA11619hv6vfigs-personification0in your midst, Jerusalem
4340PSA117introkfu10

Psalm 117 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 117 is a psalm of praise.

Special concepts in this chapter

Praise

Everyone should praise God for his love and unending faithfulness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]])

4341PSA1171wmd2writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4342PSA1172ce430For his

Because his

4343PSA1172t4z5figs-abstractnouns0his covenant faithfulness is great toward us
4344PSA1172uht9figs-abstractnouns0the trustworthiness of Yahweh endures forever
4345PSA118introz9au0

Psalm 118 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 118 is a psalm of war and is about Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Rejected stone

The author praised Yahweh for his rescuing him. God enabled him to overpower his enemies. The new Testament, and even Jesus himself, saw the rejected stone as a reference to the Messiah's rejection by the Jewish leaders. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])

4346PSA1181g414writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4347PSA1181af6g0Give thanks to Yahweh, for he is good

Thank Yahweh because of the good things he does

4348PSA1181qcw2figs-abstractnouns0his covenant faithfulness endures forever
4349PSA1182zs4mfigs-metonymy0Let Israel say
4350PSA1183cy9bfigs-metonymy0Let the house of Aaron say
4351PSA1183iu6afigs-abstractnouns0His covenant faithfulness endures forever
4352PSA1184e43s0the loyal followers of Yahweh
4353PSA1185j39jfigs-metaphor0set me free

The writer speaks of Yahweh saving him from distress as if Yahweh had taken him from a place of confinement to a wide open space where he could move about freely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

4354PSA1186eux4figs-rquestion0what can man do to me?
4355PSA1187j4lefigs-idiom0Yahweh is on my side as my helper
4356PSA1187k4djfigs-explicit0I will look in triumph on those who hate me
4357PSA1188c7t1figs-metaphor0to take shelter in Yahweh
4358PSA1189rm2bfigs-metaphor0to take refuge in Yahweh
4359PSA11810f41hfigs-metonymy0All the nations
4360PSA11810hvq8figs-metonymy0in Yahweh's name
4361PSA11810tc44figs-metaphor0I cut them off
4362PSA11812j3q1figs-simile0They surrounded me like bees
4363PSA11812j2csfigs-simile0they disappeared as quickly as fire among thorns
4364PSA11813y5sdfigs-metaphor0to knock me down
4365PSA11814r27j0Yahweh is my strength and joy

Yahweh gives me strength and joy

4366PSA11815y8x1figs-activepassive0The joyful shout of victory is heard in the tents of the righteous
4367PSA11815yq3xfigs-metonymy0the right hand of Yahweh conquers
4368PSA11816p8ggtranslate-symaction0The right hand of Yahweh is exalted
4369PSA11817t6qlfigs-doublet0I will not die, but live

The writer states the same idea both negatively and positively to emphasize that he will certainly live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

4370PSA11818ta770Yahweh has punished me

Yahweh has disciplined me

4371PSA11818f92afigs-personification0he has not handed me over to death
4372PSA11819h3z5figs-explicit0Open to me the gates of righteousness
4373PSA11820auq40the gate of Yahweh
4374PSA11821u2560I will give thanks to you

Here the writer begins to speak to Yahweh.

4375PSA11821dqj9figs-abstractnouns0you have become my salvation
4376PSA11822kk3nwriting-proverbs0The stone that the builders rejected has become the cornerstone

This is likely a proverb that the writer has used to describe either the king or the nation of Israel. That which others have considered worthless, Yahweh has made to be the most important. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-proverbs]])

4377PSA11823ta5nfigs-idiom0it is marvelous in our eyes
4378PSA11824k6jdfigs-doublet0rejoice and be glad
4379PSA11826wj3i0Blessed is he who comes in the name of Yahweh

Here the priests begin to address the king.

4380PSA11826iq2ufigs-metonymy0he who comes in the name of Yahweh
4381PSA11826eh790we bless you from the house of Yahweh

Here the priests address the people.

4382PSA11826lp9efigs-metonymy0the house of Yahweh
4383PSA11827l5mqfigs-metaphor0he has given us light
4384PSA11827r4wh0bind the sacrifice with cords

tie the sacrifice with rope

4385PSA11828rb4j0You are my God

Here the writer begins to speak again and addresses Yahweh directly.

4386PSA11829b2wpfigs-exclamations0Oh

This is an exclamation that should be translated with whatever exclamation of emphasis you have in your language to make it sound natural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])

4387PSA11829vx5j0give thanks to Yahweh; for he is good
4388PSA11829k1qjfigs-abstractnouns0his covenant faithfulness endures forever
4389PSA119introyf890

Psalm 119 General Notes

Formatting in this chapter

This is an alphabetic psalm with twenty-two groups of eight verses each all beginning with the same letter of the alphabet in the alphabetical order of the Hebrew alphabet.

Type of psalm

Psalm 119 is a wisdom psalm about the Law of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])

Special concepts in this chapter

The Law

The author loved the law of God and was blessed by obeying it. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/love]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])

4390PSA1191ipj6writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4391PSA1191r86i0Blessed are those

How good it is for those

4392PSA1191a56qfigs-metaphor0those whose ways are blameless
4393PSA1191sjt3figs-metaphor0who walk in the law of Yahweh
4394PSA1192wxv20who seek him with all their heart
4395PSA1192r3jrfigs-idiom0with all their heart
4396PSA1193c8920General Information:
4397PSA1193f4is0They do no wrong

They do not disobey Yahweh.

4398PSA1193rps70they walk in his ways
4399PSA1194a6ze0keep your instructions

obey all the things that you have declared that we should do

4400PSA1194w8v40carefully observe them

This is to carefully know and understand the commandments and to obey those commandments.

4401PSA1195gu12figs-metaphor0I would be firmly established

The writer speaks of being established in God's commandments as if no one could physically make him move. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

4402PSA1195eqk40observance of your statutes

in obeying your statutes

4403PSA1196v2e60I would not be put to shame

The writer does not want to be ashamed when he is in God's presence.

4404PSA1196ecl70all your commandments

all that you have commanded us

4405PSA1197hd5jfigs-idiom0an upright heart
4406PSA1198v49a0your statutes
4407PSA1199lp29figs-rquestion0How can a young person keep his path pure?
4408PSA1199gm1yfigs-metaphor0keep his path pure

The writer compares living according to God's law as a path kept clear of obstructions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

4409PSA11910h5t8figs-idiom0With my whole heart
4410PSA11910kqg2figs-metaphor0Do not let me stray from your commandments
4411PSA11911f3kefigs-metaphor0I have stored up your word in my heart
4412PSA11914ktv70more than in all riches

more than all the wealth

4413PSA11915e5hdfigs-parallelism0I will meditate ... and pay attention

These are parallel thoughts that have similar meanings, which are repeated for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4414PSA11915v9ru0meditate on your instructions

think carefully about what you have instructed us

4415PSA11915rb5afigs-idiom0pay attention
4416PSA11916il7r0I delight

to take pleasure

4417PSA11917fr7n0your servant
4418PSA11918jpj2figs-metaphor0Open my eyes so that I may see
4419PSA11918d25dfigs-metaphor0marvelous things in your law

The author speaks of insight into the law as objects to marvel at. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

4420PSA11918a35a0in your law
4421PSA11919att5figs-metaphor0I am a foreigner in the land
4422PSA11920y84cfigs-metaphor0My desires are crushed by the longing
4423PSA11921r8y60who are cursed
4424PSA11921k8t4figs-metaphor0who wander from your commandments
4425PSA11922nqp70Spare me from
4426PSA11923z9ci0Though rulers plot and slander me

Though rulers make plans to harm me and say bad things about me

4427PSA11924pb1g0Your covenant decrees are my delight

Your covenant decrees make me very happy.

4428PSA11924rta6figs-personification0they are my counselors
4429PSA11925v3c7figs-idiom0My life clings to the dust

This is an idiom. Possible meanings are that 1) he thought that he would die soon, or 2) he lay in the dust because he was very sad, or 3) he realized that he desired the worthless things of the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

4430PSA11925cn62figs-idiom0Give me life by your word
4431PSA11925ks950by your word

according to your promise

4432PSA11926u8j6figs-metaphor0my ways
4433PSA11927x7qh0wondrous teachings

amazing teachings

4434PSA11928n45q0with grief

because I am so sad

4435PSA11928n4h60Strengthen me
4436PSA11929n1pnfigs-metaphor0Turn from me the path of deceit
4437PSA11929p23d0deceit
4438PSA11930u8gwfigs-metaphor0the way of faithfulness
4439PSA11931hf1bfigs-metaphor0I cling to your covenant decrees
4440PSA11931zc7g0covenant decrees

This refers to the law of Moses.

4441PSA11932zq4ifigs-metaphor0I will run in the path of your commandments
4442PSA11932fzh3figs-idiom0you enlarge my heart
4443PSA11933eg160your statutes

This is another way of describing the law of Moses.

4444PSA11933j4dt0to the end
4445PSA11934uwv40keep your law

obey your law

4446PSA11934r2ux0I will observe it with all my heart
4447PSA11934ij5yfigs-idiom0with all my heart
4448PSA11935bh21figs-metaphor0Guide me in the path of your commandments
4449PSA11936uc28figs-idiom0Direct my heart toward
4450PSA11936vct50your covenant decrees
4451PSA11936ah760unrighteous gain
4452PSA11937t9zafigs-metaphor0Turn my eyes from looking at worthless things

This is a metaphor that refers to one desiring things that have no eternal value. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

4453PSA11937vdd90revive me in your ways

make me able to live as you wish me to live

4454PSA11937xeu10revive me
4455PSA11938yk2j0Carry out for your servant your promise that you made to those who honor you

Do for your servant what you promised to do for those who honor you

4456PSA11938x2twfigs-explicit0your servant
4457PSA11939yau80I dread

I am very afraid of

4458PSA11939mk9gfigs-abstractnouns0your righteous judgments are good
4459PSA11940yl750See

This refers to being aware of the situation. The focus is on knowledge or understanding, rather than just observing.

4460PSA11940d8v40I have longed for your instructions
4461PSA11940pr5mfigs-abstractnouns0revive me in your righteousness
4462PSA11940ci530revive me
4463PSA11941fa7wfigs-ellipsis0your salvation
4464PSA11942vms50a reply
4465PSA11943j9dg0Do not take the word of truth from my mouth
4466PSA11944mp4n0I will observe

I will obey

4467PSA11945lq9xfigs-metaphor0I will walk securely
4468PSA11945h23efigs-idiom0I seek your instructions
4469PSA11946uj950solemn commands before kings
4470PSA11947y49b0I delight in your commandments
4471PSA11948v87bfigs-idiom0lift up my hands to

This is an idiom which means to honor, cherish or respect God's commandments. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

4472PSA11949gb3p0Call to mind your promise
4473PSA11950mlp7figs-sentences0This is my comfort in my affliction: that your promise has kept me alive
4474PSA11951n3rrfigs-nominaladj0The proud
4475PSA11951f89y0scoffed at

to mock someone or something that is looked down on, doubted, or not honored

4476PSA11952nhe2figs-explicit0from ancient times

This is a reference to when the decrees, the Law, were given to Moses many years before. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

4477PSA11953x2f1figs-idiom0Hot anger has taken hold of me
4478PSA11954t7xf0Your statutes have been my songs
4479PSA11955ntb8figs-metonymy0I think about your name
4480PSA11955iwf2figs-idiom0I keep your law
4481PSA11956ch5n0my practice

my habit

4482PSA11956ii8jfigs-idiom0I have observed your instructions
4483PSA11957f7jffigs-explicit0Yahweh is my portion

This means Yahweh is all he wants. Just as the Levites did not receive vast territories of land for the Lord was to be their portion so the writer claims Yahweh as the satisfier of his needs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

4484PSA11959x88afigs-synecdoche0turned my feet
4485PSA11960uuk4figs-doublet0I hurry and do not delay

The writer expresses the same idea both positively and negatively in order to emphasize the urgency with which he obeys Yahweh's commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

4486PSA11961i6difigs-metaphor0The cords of the wicked have ensnared me
4487PSA11963tvy50I am a companion of all who honor you

I am a friend of all who honor you

4488PSA11964p7l3figs-metaphor0The earth, Yahweh, is full of your covenant faithfulness
4489PSA11965d39zfigs-123person0to your servant
4490PSA11965k4vqfigs-idiom0by means of your word
4491PSA11966x5n2figs-sentences0Teach me proper discernment and understanding, for I have believed in your commandments
4492PSA11967ln6xfigs-activepassive0Before I was afflicted
4493PSA11967t586figs-metaphor0I went astray
4494PSA11967qc4xfigs-metonymy0I observe your word
4495PSA11969f9refigs-nominaladj0The arrogant
4496PSA11969g5zyfigs-metaphor0smeared me with lies

People telling many lies about a person is spoken of as if they made the person dirty by spreading lies over him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

4497PSA11969ljt8figs-metonymy0with my whole heart
4498PSA11970kwi4figs-metonymy0Their hearts are hardened
4499PSA11972ll7tfigs-metonymy0Instruction from your mouth is
4500PSA11972l1f90than thousands of pieces of gold and silver
4501PSA11973hf5dfigs-metaphor0Your hands have made and fashioned me

God creating a person is spoken of as if God used his hands to shape the person the way someone may shape clay into an object. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

4502PSA11973wc9bfigs-metonymy0Your hands
4503PSA11974u7a80because I find hope in your word
4504PSA11975zx24figs-abstractnouns0in faithfulness you afflicted me
4505PSA11976zzf3figs-abstractnouns0Let your covenant faithfulness comfort me
4506PSA11976k57efigs-123person0your servant
4507PSA11978j2enfigs-activepassive0Let the proud be put to shame
4508PSA11978l2csfigs-nominaladj0the proud
4509PSA11979i7zpfigs-metaphor0turn to me
4510PSA11979u1zxwriting-connectingwords0those who know your covenant decrees
4511PSA11980b84yfigs-metonymy0May my heart be blameless
4512PSA11980xg4ufigs-activepassive0I may not be put to shame
4513PSA11981kx770I hope in your word

I confidently trust in what you say

4514PSA11982vm5lfigs-synecdoche0My eyes long to see your promise
4515PSA11983pgx9figs-simile0I have become like a wineskin in the smoke

A wineskin is ruined when it hangs for a long time in a smoke-filled place. The writer compares himself to a wineskin that has been ruined by smoke to emphasize that he feels useless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

4516PSA11984dl2zfigs-rquestion0How long must your servant endure this; when will you judge those who persecute me?
4517PSA11984jt81figs-123person0must your servant
4518PSA11985j1jffigs-metaphor0The proud have dug pits for me

The proud are seeking to capture the writer or cause him to do wrong. This is spoken of as if they were hunters digging holes to trap the writer like an animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

4519PSA11985spv2figs-nominaladj0The proud
4520PSA11987pds6figs-euphemism0They have almost made an end to me on earth
4521PSA11988x4mlfigs-abstractnouns0By your steadfast love
4522PSA11989sp490your word stands forever

what you have said will be true forever

4523PSA11989t6jrfigs-metaphor0your word is established firmly in heaven
4524PSA11990uer7figs-idiom0for all generations
4525PSA11991es2cfigs-personification0all things are your servants
4526PSA11993cck9figs-litotes0I will never forget
4527PSA11993n64vfigs-explicit0for through them you have kept me alive
4528PSA11994qu81figs-metaphor0for I seek your instructions

Trying hard to obey God's instructions is spoken of as if instructions were an object for which a person must search. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

4529PSA11995d7bk0I will seek to understand

I will try hard to understand

4530PSA11996p32w0everything has its limits

all things have an end

4531PSA11996tr87figs-metaphor0but your commandments are broad, beyond limits
4532PSA11998yp9tfigs-metaphor0your commandments are always with me

Constantly thinking about God's commandments is spoken of as if the commandments were an object that the writer keeps with him always. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

4533PSA119101m6vxfigs-metaphor0I have kept my feet back from every evil path
4534PSA119101xel3figs-synecdoche0kept my feet
4535PSA119101cs590observe your word
4536PSA119102kf28figs-metaphor0I have not turned aside from your righteous decrees
4537PSA119103t4msfigs-metaphor0How sweet are your words to my taste, yes, sweeter than honey to my mouth!
4538PSA119104bv6dfigs-abstractnouns0I gain discernment
4539PSA119104p647figs-metaphor0therefore I hate every false way

Evil behavior is spoken of as if it were a false way or road. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

4540PSA119105b1vwfigs-doublet0Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light for my path
4541PSA119105id730Your word
4542PSA119107k2ca0as you have promised in your word

as you have promised to do

4543PSA119108de1mfigs-metaphor0freewill offerings of my mouth
4544PSA119108guc7figs-synecdoche0of my mouth
4545PSA119109r1uzfigs-idiom0My life is always in my hand
4546PSA119109p41nfigs-litotes0I do not forget your law
4547PSA119110axl9figs-metaphor0The wicked have set a snare for me

Wicked people trying to capture and kill the writer is spoken of as if they were hunters setting a trap to catch an animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

4548PSA119110ike3figs-nominaladj0The wicked
4549PSA119110n3qqfigs-metaphor0I have not strayed from your instructions
4550PSA119111ma4dfigs-metaphor0I claim your covenant decrees as my heritage forever
4551PSA119111p236figs-synecdoche0they are the joy of my heart
4552PSA119112yy19figs-metonymy0My heart is set on obeying
4553PSA119112a2c70to the very end
4554PSA119113ewl3figs-metaphor0who have a double mind
4555PSA119114p5ixfigs-metaphor0my hiding place

God making the writer safe is spoken of as if God were a place where the writer could go and hide. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

4556PSA119114pas2figs-metaphor0my shield

God protecting the writer is spoken of as if God were the writer's shield. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

4557PSA119114wtx30I hope in your word
4558PSA119114l68r0your word
4559PSA119116f1890Sustain me by your word
4560PSA119116zw3z0and not be ashamed of my hope
4561PSA119117pq8s0Support me
4562PSA119118kd3f0those people are deceptive and unreliable
4563PSA119119tbp5figs-simile0You remove all the wicked of the earth like slag

Slag is the waste or undesired leftovers in the process of refining gold or other metals. Yahweh removes the wicked people as if they were trash. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

4564PSA119119z8fjfigs-nominaladj0the wicked
4565PSA119119e1lj0like slag
4566PSA119120p82wfigs-synecdoche0My body trembles in fear of you
4567PSA119120n7mgfigs-explicit0I am afraid of your righteous decrees

It is implied that the writer is afraid of God's righteous decrees because the writer knows that God punishes those who disobey his decrees. You can make the full meaning of this statement explicit. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

4568PSA119121du8n0do not abandon me to my oppressors

do not allow people to oppress me

4569PSA119122dv7qfigs-123person0Guarantee the welfare of your servant
4570PSA119122x86efigs-nominaladj0the proud
4571PSA119123r56efigs-synecdoche0My eyes grow tired as I wait
4572PSA119123z4cnfigs-abstractnouns0for your salvation and for your righteous word
4573PSA119123ptu50your righteous word

your righteous promise

4574PSA119124k6pqfigs-123person0Show your servant
4575PSA119124ygx1figs-abstractnouns0your covenant faithfulness
4576PSA119125van8figs-abstractnouns0give me understanding
4577PSA119126g82bfigs-123person0It is time for Yahweh to act
4578PSA119126n98zfigs-idiom0people have broken your law
4579PSA119128z4uxfigs-metaphor0I carefully follow all your instructions
4580PSA119128p1pyfigs-metaphor0every path of falsehood
4581PSA119130m49kfigs-metaphor0The unfolding of your words gives light
4582PSA119130d6rxfigs-metaphor0The unfolding of your words gives light
4583PSA119131qm6cfigs-metaphor0I open my mouth and pant, for I long for your commandments
4584PSA119132jqh6translate-symaction0Turn to me
4585PSA119132ar7kfigs-metonymy0love your name
4586PSA119133mja8figs-synecdoche0Direct my footsteps
4587PSA119133y2w5figs-personification0do not let any sin rule me
4588PSA119134a4a4figs-abstractnouns0Redeem me from human oppression
4589PSA119135g736figs-metaphor0Let your face shine on your servant
4590PSA119136jv4qfigs-metaphor0Streams of tears
4591PSA119136sst50observe your law

obey your law

4592PSA119138hus80covenant decrees
4593PSA119139z79nfigs-idiom0Anger has destroyed me
4594PSA119140r9cvfigs-activepassive0has been tested very much
4595PSA119140q5x5figs-pronouns0your servant loves
4596PSA119141x2xefigs-activepassive0I am ... despised
4597PSA119143q6qqfigs-personification0distress and anguish have found me
4598PSA119145fux2figs-synecdoche0with my whole heart
4599PSA119146g5gk0covenant decrees
4600PSA119147kg9u0dawn of the morning

before the sun first appears

4601PSA119148c1n8figs-idiom0My eyes are open before the night watches change
4602PSA119149uw93figs-abstractnouns0in your covenant faithfulness
4603PSA119150r7sh0they are far from your law
4604PSA119151l2380all your commandments are trustworthy

I can trust your commandments

4605PSA119152tc7x0covenant decrees
4606PSA119152zx3qfigs-metaphor0set them in place
4607PSA119153i4e7figs-metaphor0Look on my affliction
4608PSA119154rqf50Plead my cause

Defend me against those who accuse me

4609PSA119154l7lr0keep me
4610PSA119155cc3zfigs-metaphor0Salvation is far from the wicked
4611PSA119156r4u30Great are your merciful actions
4612PSA119156gus80as you always do
4613PSA119157a4rf0My persecutors

Those who persecute me

4614PSA119157x688figs-idiom0I have not turned from
4615PSA119157n1r70covenant decrees
4616PSA119158keb9figs-nominaladj0the treacherous
4617PSA119158fs8u0do not keep

do not obey

4618PSA119159rv260See

Look at me so you can see

4619PSA119159r1n2figs-abstractnouns0by your covenant faithfulness
4620PSA119160iir80The essence of your word is truth
4621PSA119161tq5ifigs-synecdoche0my heart stands in awe of your word
4622PSA119162n1dy0plunder
4623PSA119163jx6afigs-doublet0hate and despise
4624PSA119163ue4rfigs-metonymy0falsehood
4625PSA119165fin90nothing makes them stumble
4626PSA119167t7k70I observe your solemn commands

I obey your solemn commands

4627PSA119167iqz60solemn commands
4628PSA119168zj2b0I keep your instructions

I obey your instructions

4629PSA119169cgi3figs-metaphor0give me understanding into your word
4630PSA119170r59ufigs-metaphor0May my plea come before you
4631PSA119171x454figs-metaphor0May my lips pour out praise
4632PSA119172hk6wfigs-metaphor0my tongue sing
4633PSA119173ui9ffigs-synecdoche0May your hand help me
4634PSA119173vx9b0have chosen

have chosen to obey

4635PSA119174l3rh0for your rescue

you to rescue me

4636PSA119174wa6gfigs-abstractnouns0your law is my delight
4637PSA119175z1epfigs-metaphor0may your righteous decrees help me
4638PSA119176xw7jfigs-simile0I have wandered off like a lost sheep
4639PSA119176ap6x0seek your servant

because I am your servant, come and search for me

4640PSA120introx4aj0

Psalm 120 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 120 is a psalm of deliverance from liars. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Fighting

The author did not want to fight, but the people he lived with wanted to fight him.

4641PSA1201xq2kwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4642PSA1201d8u60In my distress
4643PSA1202a439figs-metonymy0Rescue my life
4644PSA1202yy4jfigs-synecdoche0those who lie with their lips and deceive with their tongues
4645PSA1203rl7jfigs-rquestion0How will he punish you, and what more will he do to you, you who have a lying tongue?
4646PSA1203k1uufigs-synecdoche0you who have a lying tongue
4647PSA1204tp2nfigs-metaphor0He will punish you with the arrows of a warrior
4648PSA1204gu1sfigs-activepassive0sharpened over burning coals of the broom tree
4649PSA1205mg3zfigs-metaphor0I temporarily live in Meshech; I lived previously among the tents of Kedar
4650PSA1205qx4hfigs-metonymy0the tents of Kedar
4651PSA1207sf920I am for peace

I want peace

4652PSA1207lr780they are for war

they want war

4653PSA121intron97g0

Psalm 121 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 121 is a worship psalm.

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's protection

God always watches over those who believe in him and protects them from harm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]])

4654PSA1211xgy7writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4655PSA1211cb45figs-metonymy0lift up my eyes
4656PSA1211yb6kfigs-rquestion0From where will my help come?
4657PSA1212d3ip0My help comes from Yahweh

This is the answer to the previous question.

4658PSA1213r43xfigs-123person0General Information:

There is a shift here to the second person. This may mean 1) the writer begins speaking to the people of Israel or 2) the writer is quoting another person speaking to the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-123person]])

4659PSA1213uj6ffigs-metonymy0your foot to slip
4660PSA1213l1fpfigs-metonymy0he who protects you will not slumber
4661PSA1213j2nn0he who protects you

God

4662PSA1214eq680the guardian

God

4663PSA1214b5yf0See

This word alerts us to pay attention to the important information that follows.

4664PSA1214f8qtfigs-doublet0never slumbers or sleeps
4665PSA1215sk2bfigs-metonymy0Yahweh is the shade at your right hand
4666PSA1215hq1i0at your right hand

Here this expression means to be beside or near to the writer.

4667PSA1216p2y6figs-merism0The sun will not harm you by day, nor the moon by night
4668PSA1216wzt9figs-ellipsis0nor the moon by night
4669PSA1217au24figs-metonymy0your life
4670PSA122introx7wj0

Psalm 122 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 122 is a psalm about Jerusalem.

Special concepts in this chapter

Jerusalem

Jerusalem is an important city, the center of government and religious activities; so the author prays for peace for the city.

4671PSA1221lck5writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4672PSA1221x5k50A song of ascents
4673PSA1222d2gpfigs-apostrophe0Jerusalem, our feet are standing within your gates!

The writer briefly stops speaking to his audience and speaks directly to the city of Jerusalem. Jerusalem is spoken to as if it was a person who could hear the writer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

4674PSA1222gjq5figs-synecdoche0our feet are standing
4675PSA1222pe5kfigs-synecdoche0within your gates
4676PSA1224xbf5figs-metonymy0the name of Yahweh
4677PSA1225xk6cfigs-metonymy0the house of David
4678PSA1226q9u2figs-apostrophe0May those who love you have peace

This section states the content of the prayer that the writer wants his audience to pray. He asks them to speak directly to the city of Jerusalem, as if the city was a person who could hear them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

4679PSA1227qxx3figs-apostrophe0

This verse finishes the prayer that the writer wants his audience to pray. He asks them to speak directly to the city of Jerusalem, as if the city was a person who could hear them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

4680PSA1227exb9figs-parallelism0May there be peace within ... may they have peace within
4681PSA1227d4tcfigs-synecdoche0within the walls that defend you ... within your fortresses
4682PSA1228hz78figs-apostrophe0General Information:

In this section, the writer speaks directly to the city of Jerusalem, as if the city was a person who could hear them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

4683PSA1228i3zr0For the sake

For the well-being

4684PSA1228b3mx0May there be peace within you

May the people in you live in peace

4685PSA1229nt390I will seek good for you
4686PSA123introvet50

Psalm 123 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 123 is a psalm asking for deliverance from the contempt of proud people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Trust

Just as a servant trusts his master to protect him, so the author is trusting God to stop proud people from insulting him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])

4687PSA1231iym8writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4688PSA1231ja7bfigs-metonymy0I lift up my eyes
4689PSA1231kx530enthroned

sitting on a throne and ruling as king

4690PSA1232kyd5figs-parallelism0as the eyes of servants ... as the eyes of a maid ... so our eyes look
4691PSA1232xe43figs-metonymy0master's hand ... mistress's hand
4692PSA1232av8s0maid

servant girl

4693PSA1232cs6v0mistress

woman who has authority over servant girls

4694PSA1232kj4jfigs-abstractnouns0has mercy on us
4695PSA1233e5shfigs-abstractnouns0Have mercy on us
4696PSA1233rn1xfigs-metaphor0we are filled with humiliation
4697PSA1234h3h7figs-idiom0We are more than full
4698PSA1234fq81figs-parallelism0of the scoffing ... and with the contempt

There two phrases have very similar meanings and are used together to emphasize how much they have been mocked by the people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4699PSA1234xq360scoffing
4700PSA1234gp8jfigs-nominaladj0the insolent
4701PSA1234ugx5figs-nominaladj0the proud
4702PSA124introkhc40

Psalm 124 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 124 is a psalm of praise for God's delivering the Israelites from their enemy's attack. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh saves

God saved the Israelites from their enemy who wanted to completely destroy them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])

4703PSA1241fes4writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4704PSA1241uf2u0song of ascents
4705PSA1241zqy6figs-hypo0
4706PSA1243g8z9figs-metaphor0swallowed us up alive
4707PSA1243tq3hfigs-metonymy0their anger raged against us
4708PSA1244ca3n0General Information:

In these two verses the author compares the enemies of Israel to a flood of water.

4709PSA1244hgr6figs-hypo0The water would have swept us away; the torrent would have overwhelmed us
4710PSA1244x86jfigs-metaphor0The water would have swept us away
4711PSA1244mkg4figs-metaphor0the torrent would have overwhelmed us
4712PSA1245j6yhfigs-hypo0Then the raging waters would have drowned us
4713PSA1245rxj3figs-metaphor0the raging waters would have drowned us
4714PSA1246thg5figs-metaphor0torn by their teeth
4715PSA1247fr8cfigs-metaphor0escaped like a bird out of the snare of the fowlers
4716PSA1247r8zv0snare

a small trap of string or wire made for catching small animals or birds

4717PSA1247a4a8figs-metaphor0the snare has been broken

The plot of the enemies to catch the writer failed as if it was a snare that had broken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

4718PSA125introbc6u0

Psalm 125 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 125 is a psalm of praise.

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's protection

God protects good people. He will not allow the evil people to rule over the good people because they might make them do evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])

4719PSA1251d4h2writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4720PSA1251spt5figs-simile0Those who trust in Yahweh are like Mount Zion, unshakable, forever enduring

People who trust in Yahweh are spoken of as if they they were Mount Zion. Mountains are unable to be moved. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

4721PSA1252t72pfigs-simile0As the mountains surround Jerusalem, so Yahweh surrounds his people
4722PSA1252z93nfigs-merism0now and forever
4723PSA1253we9hfigs-metonymy0The scepter of wickedness
4724PSA1254m8s80Do good, Yahweh
4725PSA1254y93afigs-metonymy0are upright in their hearts
4726PSA1255t4aefigs-metaphor0turn aside
4727PSA1255daf6figs-metaphor0their crooked ways
4728PSA1255ru69figs-explicit0lead them away
4729PSA126introq9ig0

Psalm 126 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 126 is a psalm of praise for Yahweh bringing captives home.

Special concepts in this chapter

Sorrow and joy

People may have sorrow now; but later it will turn into joy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/joy]])

4730PSA1261h3wtwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4731PSA1261y7ss0restored the fortunes of Zion

made Zion prosperous again

4732PSA1262wxr3figs-metaphor0our mouths were filled with laughter
4733PSA1262g1bjfigs-ellipsis0our tongues with singing
4734PSA1262xir40they said among the nations
4735PSA1263js5q0Yahweh did great things for us; how glad we were!

How glad we were, because Yahweh did these great things for us!

4736PSA1265i43v0Those who sow in tears

Those who weep as they sow

4737PSA127introipx70

Psalm 127 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 127 is a wisdom psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Blessings

God wants his people to have rest. It is a blessing to have many children. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/rest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])

4738PSA1271nt9awriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4739PSA1271m7vn0song of ascents
4740PSA1272qvi20to rise up early, to come home late

A person who works hard often has to wake up earlier in the morning and return home late at night.

4741PSA1272vc2yfigs-idiom0eat the bread of hard work
4742PSA1273qz98figs-metaphor0heritage

property that a person can inherit from his ancestors. Children normally receive an inheritance from their parents. Inheritance goes from parents to children. This passage uses parents inheriting children from Yahweh as a metaphor for Yahweh being the only one who can give children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

4743PSA1274iyl8figs-simile0Like arrows in the hand of a warrior, so are the children of one's youth
4744PSA1275vf7lfigs-metaphor0his quiver full of them
4745PSA128introf8w60

Psalm 128 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 128 is a wisdom psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Respect

Those people who respect God will live well and have many children. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/life]])

4746PSA1281xub9writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4747PSA1281h11nfigs-activepassive0Blessed is everyone who honors Yahweh
4748PSA1282xw8wfigs-synecdoche0What your hands provide
4749PSA1282b9imfigs-doublet0you will be blessed and prosper
4750PSA1283x211figs-simile0like a fruitful vine in your house
4751PSA1283mf2pfigs-simile0your children will be like olive plants
4752PSA1283vlk10around your table

This refers to the place where a family gathers to eat. Often, all those who eat a man's table are under his authority or control.

4753PSA1284v5emfigs-activepassive0the man will be blessed who honors Yahweh
4754PSA1285iz4u0all the days of your life

throughout your lifetime

4755PSA1286cd660May peace be on Israel

May Israel have peace

4756PSA129introp9dv0

Psalm 129 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 129 is a psalm of deliverance from Israel's many enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh saves

Israel's enemies have always persecuted them but God has saved them from their enemies. He prays that this enemy will be destroyed with no one to wish them well. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])

4757PSA1291ut36writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4758PSA1293wpl7figs-metaphor0The plowers plowed on my back
4759PSA1293nq4ffigs-metaphor0they made their furrows long
4760PSA1294yzu9figs-metaphor0he has cut the ropes of the wicked
4761PSA1295z781figs-activepassive0May they all be put to shame and turned back
4762PSA1296s2glfigs-simile0May they be like the grass on the housetops that withers before it grows up
4763PSA1297s57hfigs-simile0that cannot fill ... together
4764PSA1298pu7b0the blessing of Yahweh be on you

Yahweh bless you

4765PSA130introc2ly0

Psalm 130 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 130 is a psalm of praise that God forgives sins. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/forgive]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Forgive

God forgives sin and helps the sinner. So Israel should trust in God for his forgiveness. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])

4766PSA1301f4r9writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4767PSA1301h3vifigs-metaphor0Out of the depths I
4768PSA1302i2drfigs-synecdoche0let your ears be attentive
4769PSA1302cvz1figs-abstractnouns0to my pleas for mercy
4770PSA1303fu8lfigs-rquestion0who could stand?
4771PSA1303l8mjfigs-metonymy0who could stand
4772PSA1306lj6lfigs-synecdoche0My soul
4773PSA1306yb89figs-metonymy0My soul waits
4774PSA1306ge7sfigs-simile0My soul waits ... more than watchmen wait for the morning

The psalmist speaks of his desire for the Lord to help him as being greater than the desire that those who work all night have for the morning to come. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

4775PSA1306cx470watchmen

These are men who guard towns or fields against enemies or robbers. Here it refers to men who have to stay awake at night doing this.

4776PSA1307ua2zfigs-metaphor0Israel, hope in Yahweh
4777PSA1308i64ffigs-metaphor0who will redeem Israel from all his sins
4778PSA131introej7h0

Psalm 131 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 131 is a wisdom psalm teaching trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Trust

This psalm focuses on the concept of trust. A quiet trust in Yahweh is best.

4779PSA1311ct5zwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4780PSA1311px110song of ascents
4781PSA1311kgc5figs-synecdoche0my heart is not proud or my eyes haughty
4782PSA1311tz2s0I do not have great hopes for myself
4783PSA1311xfb4figs-metaphor0things that are beyond me
4784PSA1312r92sfigs-synecdoche0I have stilled and quieted my soul
4785PSA1312sep5figs-metonymy0my soul within me
4786PSA1312sim5figs-metaphor0a weaned child with his mother
4787PSA132introfp7w0

Psalm 132 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 132 is a royal psalm praising David. It might have been sung when David brought the ark to Jerusalem.

Special concepts in this chapter

Ark

The Ark had been moved from one place to another several times. David wanted to make a permanent home for it. God had promised David that his son would be king after him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promise]])

4788PSA1321sq3dwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4789PSA1321lvf40for David's sake

because of what happened to David

4790PSA1321rsq80call to mind
4791PSA1322v7zr0the Mighty One of Jacob

This refers to God.

4792PSA1323qz8t0He said

King David said

4793PSA1324s5lwfigs-metaphor0I will not give sleep to my eyes or rest to my eyelids
4794PSA1325q4n7figs-metonymy0until I find a place for Yahweh
4795PSA1325ydb10the Mighty One of Jacob

This refers to God.

4796PSA1326ii2yfigs-explicit0we heard about it in Ephrathah
4797PSA1326nbj6translate-names0fields of Jaar

Jaar is probably another name for the city of Kiriath Jearim. This probably refers to the fields surrounding the city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

4798PSA1327gcy9figs-metaphor0we will worship at his footstool
4799PSA1328jkj6figs-explicit0Arise, Yahweh, to your resting place
4800PSA1328e7g1figs-metaphor0your resting place
4801PSA1328ktv8figs-ellipsis0you and the ark of your strength!
4802PSA1328pg130the ark of your strength

the ark that shows your great power

4803PSA1329y1anfigs-metaphor0May your priests be clothed with integrity
4804PSA13210zns50For your servant David's sake
4805PSA13210e268figs-metaphor0do not turn away from your anointed king
4806PSA13211l5l7figs-metaphor0I will place one of your descendants on your throne
4807PSA13212ir7pfigs-metaphor0sit on your throne
4808PSA13212ht92figs-synecdoche0your sons
4809PSA13213ym8pfigs-pronouns0General Information:
4810PSA13213kw5cfigs-personification0Zion ... her

The author writes as though the city of Zion were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

4811PSA13213wvs3figs-metonymy0he has desired her for his seat
4812PSA13214t9p9figs-personification0her

The author writes as though the city of Zion (Psalms 132:13) were a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

4813PSA13214y9csfigs-metaphor0my resting place
4814PSA13215afl2figs-personification0

God continues to speak about the city of Zion as if Zion was a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

4815PSA13215gvy60will abundantly bless her

will abundantly bless Zion

4816PSA13215md5kfigs-nominaladj0will satisfy her poor with bread
4817PSA13216w9cnfigs-metaphor0I will clothe her priests with salvation
4818PSA13217vls7figs-metaphor0I will make a horn to sprout for David
4819PSA13217yc3bfigs-metaphor0set up a lamp for my anointed one
4820PSA13217dms80my anointed one
4821PSA13218gp1ffigs-metaphor0I will clothe his enemies with shame
4822PSA13218hdu2figs-metonymy0his crown will shine
4823PSA133introlg1c0

Psalm 133 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 133 is a wisdom psalm about harmony. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Harmony

Harmony between relatives is refreshing and brings a blessings from God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])

4824PSA1331s9bfwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4825PSA1331xwd20song of ascents
4826PSA1331d9ck0Behold

This word is used to stress the importance of the statement that follows.

4827PSA1331s8hvfigs-metaphor0for brothers to live together
4828PSA1332qj4cfigs-simile0It is like fine oil on the head
4829PSA1333r3plfigs-simile0like the dew of Hermon
4830PSA1333q5fz0Hermon

This is a mountain in Israel that has snow on its peak year-round.

4831PSA134introaz9r0

Psalm 134 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 134 is a temple psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/temple]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Watchmen

The watchmen who work at night should praise God. Then he will bless them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])

4832PSA1341x2dewriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4833PSA1341y7mi0all you servants of Yahweh

all you who serve Yahweh

4834PSA1342fx9gtranslate-symaction0Lift up your hands

This is how people prayed or praised God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

4835PSA1342x39j0to the holy place
4836PSA1343d5zbfigs-merism0heaven and earth
4837PSA135introqzj70

Psalm 135 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 135 is a worship psalm focusing on worshiping God because his greatness.

Special concepts in this chapter

Praise

The people, priests and their helpers should praise God because he is so great. He defeated the Egyptians and led his people to the promise land. Idols have no power. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/promisedland]])

4838PSA1351s987writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4839PSA1351q37ifigs-metonymy0Praise the name of Yahweh
4840PSA1352hmn4figs-metonymy0stand in Yahweh's house

This represents serving Yahweh in his temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

4841PSA1352acj20our God

These words refer to Yahweh (Psalms 135:1).

4842PSA1353txp90for it is pleasant to do so

because we get pleasure from praising his name

4843PSA1354e6pdfigs-metonymy0Yahweh has chosen Jacob
4844PSA1354tbz4figs-ellipsis0Israel as his possession
4845PSA1355bu42figs-metaphor0that our Lord is above all gods
4846PSA1357g3hjfigs-metaphor0bringing the wind out of his storehouse
4847PSA1359pln1figs-doublet0signs and wonders

These two words mean basically the same thing and refer to the miraculous troubles that God had caused in Egypt. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

4848PSA1359jjz5figs-apostrophe0into your midst, Egypt
4849PSA1359eb2x0against Pharaoh

to punish Pharaoh

4850PSA13511tnk3translate-names0Sihon ... Og

These are the names of two men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

4851PSA13512xu2gfigs-metaphor0He gave us their land as an inheritance
4852PSA13513z179figs-metonymy0Your name
4853PSA13518wi2efigs-simile0Those who make them are like them
4854PSA13518z43m0as is everyone who trusts in them

and so are those who trust in the idols

4855PSA13521l26afigs-metonymy0he who lives in Jerusalem
4856PSA136introwah20

Psalm 136 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 136 is a worship psalm. It was written to be sung by two parts of the choir. One part would sing the first part of each of the lines and then the other part of the choir would sing the repeated refrain.

Special concepts in this chapter

Israel blessed

God has blessed Israel throughout its history and taken care of the needy people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])

4857PSA1361my49writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4858PSA1361ra72figs-exclamations0Oh

This is an exclamation that should be translated with whatever exclamation of emphasis you have in your language to make it sound natural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])

4859PSA1361f89efigs-abstractnouns0for his covenant faithfulness endures forever
4860PSA1362f8xrfigs-idiom0the God of gods

the God who is greater than the gods that other people worship (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

4861PSA1365f8eu0by wisdom

That is, because he is wise.

4862PSA1366x27a0spread out the earth above the waters
4863PSA1367wi2k0great lights
4864PSA1368f4vgfigs-metaphor0to rule by day
4865PSA1368h1q9figs-abstractnouns0for his covenant faithfulness endures forever
4866PSA1369m4defigs-metaphor0to rule by night
4867PSA13611v3950from among them

from among the people of Egypt

4868PSA13612eaa4figs-metaphor0with a strong hand and a raised arm
4869PSA13613avd40the Sea of Reeds

The soldiers of Pharaoh drowned in the Sea of Reeds.

4870PSA13615a7s1figs-metaphor0overthrew Pharaoh
4871PSA13615mi4bfigs-metonymy0Pharaoh

That is, the army of Pharaoh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

4872PSA13619j4wgtranslate-names0Sihon

a man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

4873PSA13620r49ctranslate-names0Og

a man's name (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

4874PSA13623q5t20called us to mind

thought about us

4875PSA13623g78ufigs-metaphor0helped us in our humiliation
4876PSA13624zn74figs-metaphor0has given us victory over our enemies
4877PSA13626vqb30the God of heaven
4878PSA137introsyg40

Psalm 137 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 137 is a psalm of mourning and vengeance. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/avenge]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Songs of Zion

The captives are told to sing songs of Zion there in Babylon but they felt too unhappy to want to sing. The army from Babylon was cruel when it destroyed Jerusalem and the people of Edom encouraged them to destroy Jerusalem. They prayed that God will be cruel to the people of Edom and Babylon.

4879PSA1371g7siwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4880PSA1371kt8v0By the rivers of Babylon

Next to one of the rivers near Babylon

4881PSA1371rih5figs-exclusive0we sat ... wept ... we thought

The writer does not include the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])

4882PSA1372j2pyfigs-exclusive0we hung

The writer does not include the readers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])

4883PSA1372xl9efigs-metonymy0On the poplars there
4884PSA1373sad70our captors required songs from us

our captors required us to sing

4885PSA1373htl10required us to be happy

made us pretend to be happy

4886PSA1373j7ws0one of the songs of Zion

This probably refers to songs that the Israelites had used in worship at the temple in Jerusalem.

4887PSA1375s6nmfigs-personification0If I ignore the memory of you, Jerusalem
4888PSA1375evg50right hand

the hand most people use most often

4889PSA1377fey40Call to mind
4890PSA1377wp1jfigs-metonymy0Call to mind, Yahweh, what the Edomites did
4891PSA1377fk91figs-metaphor0the day Jerusalem fell
4892PSA1378vlj1figs-apostrophe0General Information:

The psalmist addresses the people of Babylon as if they were there listening to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])

4893PSA1378c3dhfigs-metonymy0Daughter of Babylon

This represents the city of Babylon and its people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

4894PSA1378w6kcfigs-activepassive0may the person be blessed
4895PSA1378v1xlfigs-metaphor0pays you back for what you have done to us
4896PSA1379v5tp0dashes your little ones against a rock

smashes your babies' heads against rocks

4897PSA138introlv6z0

Psalm 138 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm is a psalm of praise.

Special concepts in this chapter

Answered prayers

God answers prayers and he protects the psalmist from his enemies.

4898PSA1381uq65writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4899PSA1381hm3qfigs-metonymy0I will give you thanks with my whole heart
4900PSA1381eq6r0before the gods
4901PSA1382bda1translate-symaction0I will bow down
4902PSA1382p2fjfigs-metonymy0give thanks to your name
4903PSA1382t3msfigs-abstractnouns0for your covenant faithfulness and for your trustworthiness
4904PSA1382wkx60your word
4905PSA1382m6jufigs-metonymy0your name
4906PSA1384zpz8figs-synecdoche0your mouth
4907PSA1386sg1t0Yahweh is high, yet he cares for the lowly

Yahweh is above all creation in power, position, and authority. Yet his interest is in those who are humble in spirit, servants to all. This is a simple contrast.

4908PSA1386ly27figs-metaphor0the proud he knows from far off

This expression probably means that God is not faithful to those who are proud. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

4909PSA1387se2w0walk

live, exist

4910PSA1387wu4nfigs-metaphor0in the middle of danger

Being in danger is spoken of as being in a physical place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

4911PSA1387ez6kfigs-metaphor0you will reach out with your hand against the anger of my enemies

God is spoken of as if he will strike the enemies with his hand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

4912PSA1387uh62figs-abstractnouns0anger of my enemies
4913PSA1388uma6figs-abstractnouns0your covenant faithfulness, Yahweh, endures forever
4914PSA1388hc8j0the ones whom your hands have made

This expression probably refers to the nation of Israel.

4915PSA1388m81bfigs-metaphor0your hands have made
4916PSA139introspl60

Psalm 139 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 139 is a psalm of praise.

Special concepts in this chapter

God's care

God created the psalmist in his mother's womb and has taken care of him all of his life. No matter where he goes, God is always with him.

4917PSA1391f2ijwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4918PSA1391m5if0For the chief musician

This is for the director of music to use in worship.

4919PSA1391z3720have examined

have tested

4920PSA1392rgf9figs-merism0when I sit down and when I get up
4921PSA1393u269figs-metaphor0my path and my lying down
4922PSA1394i5s4figs-metaphor0before there is a word on my tongue
4923PSA1395q23v0Behind me and before me you surround me

This expression refers to God's presence everywhere.

4924PSA1395xr3gfigs-metaphor0place your hand upon me
4925PSA1396yr6j0too much for me

too much for me to understand

4926PSA1396m18yfigs-metaphor0it is too high, and I cannot reach it
4927PSA1397w65nfigs-rquestion0Where can I go from your Spirit? ... Where can I flee from your presence?
4928PSA1398tdr8figs-metaphor0if I make my bed in Sheol
4929PSA1399v6q9figs-hyperbole0If I fly away on the wings of the morning and go to live in the uttermost parts across the sea

The author uses exaggeration to explain that wherever he is, God is there too. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

4930PSA1399rt5qfigs-metaphor0If I fly away on the wings of the morning
4931PSA1399iph40in the uttermost parts across the sea

very far away to the west

4932PSA13910fx9r0will hold on to me

will help me

4933PSA13911z546figs-metaphor0
4934PSA13912v3s8figs-metaphor0The night would shine like the day

The night, which is dark, is spoken of as if it were bright with light. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

4935PSA13913zvi1figs-synecdoche0You formed my inner parts
4936PSA13914t36wfigs-metonymy0My soul knows this very well
4937PSA13915wrz70intricately made

made with great complexity

4938PSA13915r8mkfigs-metaphor0the depths of the earth

This is probably a way of speaking about a mother's womb (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

4939PSA13916i7h10all the days assigned to me were recorded in your book even before the first one happened

This expression implies that ancient Israelites imagined that God wrote down his plans in a book.

4940PSA13917e3mj0How precious are your thoughts to me
4941PSA13917j6ja0How vast is their sum!

Your thoughts are so many.

4942PSA13918y1h1figs-hyperbole0they would be more in number than the sand
4943PSA13919g2azfigs-apostrophe0get away from me, you violent men

The psalmist is only pretending to speak directly to the violent men whom he has in mind. Translators may decide to express this command as a wish. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])

4944PSA13920t47k0They rebel against you

They rebel against your authority, God

4945PSA13920lzi80your enemies tell lies

your enemies lie about you

4946PSA13921f3gcfigs-parallelism0Do I not hate those, Yahweh, who hate you? Do I not despise those who rise up against you?
4947PSA13921s4kn0rise up against

rebel against

4948PSA13923e3kafigs-explicit0Examine me
4949PSA13923s3gpfigs-parallelism0Examine me, God, and know my heart; test me and know my thoughts

These two sentences have similar meanings. The second one strengthens the thought in the first. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4950PSA13924r9qyfigs-metaphor0any wicked way
4951PSA13924h9f8figs-metaphor0the everlasting way
4952PSA140introqi170

Psalm 140 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 140 is a deliverance psalm. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's protection

He prayed that God would save him from his enemies who are lying about him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])

4953PSA1401g538writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4954PSA1401gc5w0For the chief musician
4955PSA1402luc40they cause battles
4956PSA1403pz2sfigs-metaphor0Their tongues wound like serpents

People who cause conflict by what they say are spoken of as if they had tongues of serpents. Of course, snakes do not do damage with their tongues, but with their bites and especially with poison. Neither can a person make his tongue sharp. Instead, here the idea of a sharp tongue stands for speaking in a way to cause trouble. And the idea the snakes have sharp tongues stands for the fact that many of them have poison. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

4957PSA1404b8fgfigs-metaphor0the hands of the wicked

That is, the power of the wicked (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

4958PSA1405fa3ufigs-metaphor0have set a trap ... have spread a net ... have set a snare
4959PSA1406w5qufigs-metonymy0listen to my cries
4960PSA1407c56xfigs-synecdoche0you shield my head in the day of battle
4961PSA1407pz1zfigs-metaphor0battle
4962PSA1408c5jb0do not grant the desires of the wicked

please do not allow the wicked to have what they desire

4963PSA1408hdj3figs-nominaladj0the wicked
4964PSA1409gn44translate-symaction0raise their heads
4965PSA1409x51m0let the mischief of their own lips cover them

This is a prayer that God would make the evildoers suffer from the trouble that they caused by the things they said.

4966PSA1409a8kqfigs-metaphor0the mischief of their own lips

The trouble that they themselves caused by what they said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

4967PSA1409tmk5figs-metaphor0cover them

That is, stop them from causing any more trouble. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

4968PSA14010yxz6figs-metaphor0Let burning coals fall on them; throw them into the fire

Images of fire stand for severe punishment for the wicked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

4969PSA14010pqf90bottomless pits

This is probably a reference to Sheol, the world of the dead.

4970PSA14011sf31figs-idiom0men of tongues

those who speak evil of others without cause (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

4971PSA14011i1740secure on the earth

safe in this life

4972PSA14011k1fmfigs-personification0may evil hunt down the violent man

Here evil is spoken of as if it were someone taking revenge on another person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

4973PSA14012em3rfigs-abstractnouns0he will give justice to the needy
4974PSA14013wfl7figs-metonymy0to your name
4975PSA141introj6r90

Psalm 141 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 141 is a psalm of deliverance from his enemies and from sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's correction

The author prayed that God would keep him from sinning. He is glad to be corrected by good people. He asked God to show that he is right by destroying the evil leaders of the people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])

4976PSA1411f34twriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

4977PSA1411gns60crying out

asking you for help

4978PSA1411uq2efigs-personification0come quickly to me
4979PSA1411f66k0Listen to me when I call
4980PSA1412d4jpfigs-simile0May my prayer be like incense
4981PSA1412vz6afigs-metonymy0my prayer

The psalmist wants Yahweh to be pleased with him because he is praying and because of the words of his prayer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

4982PSA1412f9h10my lifted hands
4983PSA1412vf7sfigs-simile0be like the evening sacrifice

The means to be like the animal that was burned on the altar in the evening. The psalmist speaks as if he wants Yahweh to be as pleased with him as he is with those who bring animals to sacrifice. He wants Yahweh to be pleased because the psalmist is praying or because of the words of his prayer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

4984PSA1413kge1figs-metaphor0place a guard over my mouth
4985PSA1413pt7y0place a guard over

tell someone to guard

4986PSA1413hf52figs-metaphor0guard the door of my lips
4987PSA1414cg6p0participate in sinful activities

do sinful deeds

4988PSA1414ft7c0their delicacies

their special foods

4989PSA1415z9wffigs-metaphor0hit me
4990PSA1415d396figs-abstractnouns0it will be a kindness to me
4991PSA1415vbt8figs-simile0it will be like oil on my head
4992PSA1415sry9figs-synecdoche0may my head not refuse to accept it
4993PSA1415m2xwfigs-metonymy0my prayer is always against their wicked deeds
4994PSA1416k4ldfigs-activepassive0Their leaders will be thrown down
4995PSA1416fj6j0cliffs

ground that goes straight down a long way

4996PSA1417b6wd0our bones have been scattered
4997PSA1418cjd2figs-synecdoche0my eyes are on you
4998PSA1418wm6mfigs-metaphor0in you I take refuge
4999PSA1418wls6figs-synecdoche0my soul
5000PSA1419q9dbfigs-metaphor0the snares that they have laid for me
5001PSA1419y8790snares ... traps
5002PSA1419g9xnfigs-ellipsis0from the traps of evildoers
5003PSA14110zb2q0Let the wicked fall into their own nets
5004PSA142intropsy60

Psalm 142 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 142 is a psalm of deliverance from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's help

The psalmist is alone, and has many enemies surrounding him. Despite this, Yahweh will help him. Then, good people will join the author. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/good]])

5005PSA1421j93hwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

5006PSA1421p2w20A maschil

This may refer to a style of music. See how you translated this in Psalms 32:1.

5007PSA1421bue50cave

open place under the earth large enough for people to walk around in

5008PSA1421e46xfigs-doublet0I cry out for help to Yahweh ... I plead for Yahweh's favor

If these two lines are so much the same that the reader will get the wrong meaning, you can translate them as one line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

5009PSA1421gl9i0with my voice
5010PSA1422e15ufigs-doublet0pour out my lament before him ... I tell him my troubles

If these two lines are so much the same that the reader will get the wrong meaning, you can translate them as one line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

5011PSA1422ay1ffigs-metaphor0pour out my lament before him
5012PSA1422vh7u0tell him my troubles

tell him about everything that makes me worry

5013PSA1423aks70my spirit is weak within me
5014PSA1423j7irfigs-explicit0you know my path
5015PSA1423qy2afigs-metaphor0In the way that I walk they have hidden a trap for me
5016PSA1424e9h9figs-metonymy0my life
5017PSA1425d83bfigs-metonymy0called out to you
5018PSA1425u3fb0my portion
5019PSA1425v2ukfigs-idiom0in the land of the living
5020PSA1426t4vrfigs-metonymy0Listen to my call
5021PSA1426y2xf0I have been brought very low
5022PSA1427va7wfigs-synecdoche0Bring my soul out of prison
5023PSA1427w9yxfigs-metonymy0give thanks to your name
5024PSA143introtm9v0

Psalm 143 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 143 is a deliverance psalm. The author prays for deliverance from his enemies. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/deliverer]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's help

The author prayed for help from Yahweh against his enemies because he is God's servant.

5025PSA1431jk8kwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

5026PSA1431c8ppfigs-metonymy0Hear my prayer
5027PSA1432h1x7figs-idiom0Do not enter into judgment
5028PSA1432ab38figs-123person0your servant
5029PSA1432u6lhfigs-metaphor0in your sight no one is righteous
5030PSA1433p6sxfigs-synecdoche0pursued my soul
5031PSA1433u666figs-metaphor0has crushed me to the ground
5032PSA1434j66k0My spirit is overwhelmed within me
5033PSA1434yv4a0my heart despairs

I no longer have any hope

5034PSA1435nii30call to mind

think about

5035PSA1435z21m0your accomplishments
5036PSA1436i96gfigs-metonymy0spread my hands out to you
5037PSA1436c8nlfigs-metaphor0my soul thirsts for you in a parched land
5038PSA1436x1rnfigs-metaphor0my soul thirsts for you
5039PSA1436m3qkfigs-synecdoche0my soul

The soul is a metonym for the person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

5040PSA1436zc2r0parched land

A land where everything has died because there is no water.

5041PSA1437r837figs-personification0my spirit faints
5042PSA1437h5nt0Do not hide your face from me
5043PSA1437t1s2figs-metaphor0Do not hide your face from me
5044PSA1437yh17figs-euphemism0I will become like those who go down into the pit
5045PSA1438cbz8figs-abstractnouns0Let me hear your covenant faithfulness
5046PSA1438z9rb0in the morning
5047PSA1438aut80Show me

Tell me

5048PSA1438e86dfigs-metaphor0the way where I should walk
5049PSA1438idb70for I lift up my soul to you
5050PSA1439uh4d0I flee to you to hide
5051PSA14310hfy50to do your will

to do what you want me to do

5052PSA14310u2i6figs-metaphor0lead me in the land of uprightness
5053PSA14310kpf6figs-metaphor0the land of uprightness
5054PSA14311drk5figs-metonymy0for your name's sake
5055PSA14312d1cl0the enemies of my life

the enemies who want to take my life

5056PSA14312wp4ffigs-abstractnouns0In your covenant faithfulness cut off my enemies
5057PSA14312wl46figs-metonymy0the enemies of my life
5058PSA144introj9c60

Psalm 144 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 144 is a worship psalm. It is the first worship psalm in a series consisting of the final seven psalms (Psalms 144-150).

Special concepts in this chapter

Safety

Psalm 144 is a prayer for safety and prosperity for the nation of Israel.

5059PSA1441kh8jwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

5060PSA1441lg69figs-metaphor0my rock
5061PSA1441r6cjfigs-synecdoche0who trains my hands for war and my fingers for battle
5062PSA1442k7jcfigs-abstractnouns0my covenant faithfulness
5063PSA1442bpc6figs-metaphor0my fortress ... take refuge

The psalmist uses many metaphors to emphasize that Yahweh will protect him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

5064PSA1442naw2figs-metaphor0my high tower

David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a fortress that protects him from attack. Yahweh is the one who protects David from harm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

5065PSA1442v4eqfigs-metaphor0my shield

David speaks of Yahweh as if he were a shield that protects a soldier. Yahweh is the one who protects David from harm. See how this is translated in Psalms 18:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

5066PSA1442ig17figs-metaphor0the one in whom I take refuge
5067PSA1442qyp90the one who subdues nations under me

the one who enables me to defeat other nations

5068PSA1443la8bfigs-rquestion0Yahweh, what is man that you take notice of him or the son of man that you think about him?
5069PSA1443e6ztfigs-doublet0man ... son of man

two words for human beings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

5070PSA1444hu1pfigs-simile0like a breath ... like a passing shadow

The writer compares humans to these thing to emphasize how short their lives are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

5071PSA1445cp6t0Cause ... come down ... touch ... make

These words should probably be translated as requests, not commands, since the psalmist knows that God is greater than he is.

5072PSA1445as4e0Cause the sky to sink

Possible meanings are 1) tear the sky open or 2) bend the heavens like a tree branch bends when someone walks on it or as one bends a bow before shooting arrows.

5073PSA1446jip60Send ... scatter ... shoot ... drive

These should probably be translated as requests, not commands, since the psalmist knows that God is greater than he is.

5074PSA1446ye360in confusion

so they do not know what to think or what to do

5075PSA1447w63lfigs-metaphor0Reach out your hand from above; rescue me out of many waters
5076PSA1447a8fnfigs-metonymy0from the hand of foreigners
5077PSA1448i188figs-synecdoche0Their mouths speak lies
5078PSA1448f1nzfigs-metaphor0their right hand is falsehood
5079PSA1449wz6d0new song
5080PSA14410rad10who give ... kings, who rescued
5081PSA14410t9g40David your servant
5082PSA14410r919figs-metonymy0from an evil sword
5083PSA14411a7t70Rescue me and free me

Please rescue me and free me

5084PSA14411iv5zfigs-metonymy0from the hand of foreigners
5085PSA14411vu7lfigs-synecdoche0Their mouths speak lies
5086PSA14411me9zfigs-metaphor0their right hand is falsehood
5087PSA14412mxt80like plants who grow to full size

healthy and strong

5088PSA14412jn5c0in their youth

the time when people develop

5089PSA14412zf8s0our daughters like carved corner pillars

may our daughters be like carved corner pillars

5090PSA14412qvz70carved corner pillars

beautiful posts that hold up the corners of a large house

5091PSA14412ah7c0pillars, shapely like those of a palace

pillars that are carved to make a palace beautiful

5092PSA14413m4xetranslate-numbers0thousands and ten thousands in our fields
5093PSA14414zjd70No one will break through our walls

No one will be able to invade our city

5094PSA14414r26vfigs-metonymy0no outcry
5095PSA145intronm650

Psalm 145 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 145 is a worship psalm. This is the second in a series of worship psalms consisting of the final seven psalms (Psalms 144-150).

Special concepts in this chapter

Praise

God is worthy of all praise. This is in part because he does such wonderful things for all who worship him.

5096PSA1451rw8swriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

5097PSA1451dl460extol you

tell people how wonderful you are

5098PSA1451p5nifigs-metonymy0bless your name
5099PSA1452q3ygfigs-metonymy0praise your name
5100PSA1454b4920your mighty actions

the things you can do because you are strong

5101PSA1457ri730declare your abounding goodness

tell others how very good you are

5102PSA1458jqk7figs-metaphor0abounding in covenant faithfulness
5103PSA1459k61r0his tender mercies are over all his works

people can see him showing mercy in everything he does

5104PSA14510v1rj0All you have made will give thanks
5105PSA14513yys60endures throughout all generations

remains forever

5106PSA14514f2tefigs-metaphor0supports all who are falling ... raises up all those who are bent over
5107PSA14515w41bfigs-synecdoche0The eyes of all wait
5108PSA14516xft80You open your hand

You generously provide

5109PSA14516b2bx0satisfy the desire of every living thing

you give everyone more than they need and as much as they want

5110PSA14517h9wa0Yahweh is righteous in all his ways

People can see from everything that Yahweh does that he is righteous

5111PSA14517h24t0faithful in all he does
5112PSA14518kq17figs-metaphor0is near to all those who call to him
5113PSA14518v98hfigs-abstractnouns0to all who call to him in trustworthiness
5114PSA14521asw2figs-synecdoche0My mouth will speak
5115PSA14521t2tr0will speak out the praise of Yahweh

tell everyone how good Yahweh is

5116PSA14521nc4ffigs-metonymy0let all mankind bless his holy name
5117PSA146intros9dj0

Psalm 146 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 146 is a worship psalm. It is the third in series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150)

Special concepts in this chapter

Trust

Trusting people for protection is useless because they die. But God blesses everyone who trusts in him. He provides everything people need. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]])

5118PSA1461xb8vwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

5119PSA1461jq1jfigs-metonymy0Praise Yahweh, my soul
5120PSA1462isg70with all my life
5121PSA1463x34ifigs-synecdoche0in princes
5122PSA1463br6lfigs-abstractnouns0in mankind, in whom there is no salvation
5123PSA1463ure60in mankind
5124PSA1464xqq1figs-euphemism0When a person's life's breath stops
5125PSA1464c8h2figs-explicit0he returns to the ground

This means that just as God made the first human, Adam, from the soil, so will a person's body decay and become soil again when he dies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

5126PSA1466ci47figs-merism0Yahweh made heaven and earth
5127PSA1466ca4tfigs-abstractnouns0observes trustworthiness
5128PSA1467zbn60He executes justice

He decides matters fairly

5129PSA1467kk2ifigs-nominaladj0for the oppressed
5130PSA1467key9figs-nominaladj0to the hungry
5131PSA1468tjb6figs-metaphor0opens the eyes of the blind
5132PSA1468pav7figs-nominaladj0the blind
5133PSA1468ey4kfigs-metaphor0Yahweh raises up those who are bowed down
5134PSA1468ml15translate-symaction0who are bowed down

This action is a sign of distress or mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

5135PSA1469l8p2figs-metaphor0he lifts up

God helping someone is spoken of as if he were physically lifting them up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

5136PSA14610kr81figs-metonymy0your God, Zion
5137PSA14610il4hfigs-ellipsis0for all generations
5138PSA147introz5be0

Psalm 147 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 147 is a worship psalm. It is the fourth in a series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150)

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's control

Yahweh has created everything and controls all of nature. He provides for the animals and people.

5139PSA1471u7wiwriting-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

5140PSA1471g689figs-ellipsis0it is pleasant
5141PSA1471i9pm0praise is suitable
5142PSA1473ip6sfigs-metaphor0He heals the brokenhearted and binds up their wounds
5143PSA1475sq6cfigs-activepassive0his understanding cannot be measured
5144PSA1476ret4figs-metaphor0Yahweh lifts up the oppressed
5145PSA1476j87wfigs-metaphor0he brings the wicked down to the ground
5146PSA1477x7xx0with a harp

while playing a harp

5147PSA1479y81afigs-ellipsis0to the young ravens when they cry
5148PSA1479hrg80when they cry
5149PSA14710ih2w0He finds no delight in the strength of a horse

Strong horses do not delight him

5150PSA14710vg8pfigs-metonymy0the strong legs of a man
5151PSA14711fe9nfigs-abstractnouns0who hope in his covenant faithfulness
5152PSA14712c1rafigs-personification0Jerusalem ... Zion
5153PSA14713v5j1figs-synecdoche0For he strengthens the bars of your gates
5154PSA14713kjw5figs-metaphor0he blesses ... among you
5155PSA14714jv5d0He brings prosperity
5156PSA14715a37sfigs-personification0his command runs very swiftly

The writer describes God's command as if it were a messenger that moves quickly to deliver God's message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

5157PSA14716c1eefigs-simile0He makes the snow like wool, he scatters the frost like ashes

These emphasize how easy it is for him to do these things. He covers the ground with snow as easily as a person covers something with a wool blanket. And, he removes the frost as easily as the wind blows ashes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

5158PSA14717nl42figs-simile0He dispenses the hail like crumbs
5159PSA14717ljb80He dispenses

He sends

5160PSA14717iq6h0hail

small pieces of ice that fall from the sky like rain

5161PSA14717sid1figs-rquestion0who can withstand the cold he sends?
5162PSA14718db1ufigs-metaphor0He sends out his command and melts them
5163PSA14719h3tifigs-parallelism0He proclaimed his word to Jacob, his statutes and his righteous decrees to Israel

These two lines mean the same thing and emphasize that Yahweh gave his law only to Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

5164PSA14719m4avfigs-ellipsis0his statutes and his righteous decrees to Israel
5165PSA14719c558figs-doublet0his statutes and his righteous decrees
5166PSA14720s9ly0they do not know them

The other nations do not know Yahweh's decrees.

5167PSA148introug770

Psalm 148 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 148 is a worship psalm. It is the fifth in a series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150)

Special concepts in this chapter

Praise

All creation, including humans, should praise God for his greatness.

5168PSA1481hy45writing-poetry0General Information:

Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

5169PSA1481y3gpfigs-parallelism0Praise Yahweh, you in the heavens ... you in the heights
5170PSA1483ri28figs-personification0Praise him, sun and moon
5171PSA1483qw9efigs-personification0praise him, all you shining stars
5172PSA1484ek5lfigs-personification0Praise him, highest heaven
5173PSA1484vf7ifigs-personification0you waters that are above the sky
5174PSA1484ut7b0waters that are above the sky

The writer speaks of a place above the sky where water is stored and from which the rain comes.

5175PSA1485ch3dfigs-metonymy0Let them praise the name of Yahweh
5176PSA1485tcm6figs-activepassive0they were created
5177PSA1486c9ty0he issued a decree that will never change
5178PSA1486n8cn0he issued

he gave

5179PSA1487n48ifigs-metonymy0all ocean depths
5180PSA1488s17ifigs-personification0fire and hail, snow and clouds, stormy wind

The writer speaks to these natural phenomena as if they are people and commands them to praise Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

5181PSA1488u52w0stormy wind fulfilling his word

stormy wind that does what Yahweh commands

5182PSA1489e5czfigs-personification0

The writer continues to speak to things that are not human as if they were people and commands them to praise Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

5183PSA14810b65afigs-merism0animals wild and tame
5184PSA14811j3b10Connecting Statement:

The writer commands all people to praise Yahweh.

5185PSA14811w92ufigs-metonymy0all nations
5186PSA14812g9p4figs-merism0young men and young women, elderly and children

The writer uses two merisms, one related to gender and one related to age, to represent every person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])

5187PSA14813r7cbfigs-metonymy0the name of Yahweh, for his name alone
5188PSA14813lr9tfigs-metaphor0his glory extends over the earth and the heavens

The writer speaks of Yahweh's greatness as his glory being high above earth and heaven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

5189PSA14814qn5efigs-metaphor0He has lifted up the horn of his people
5190PSA14814wv8t0for praise from all his faithful ones

so that all his faithful ones praise him

5191PSA14814n4rufigs-metaphor0the people near to him
5192PSA149introau8i0

Psalm 149 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 149 is a worship psalm. It is the sixth in a series of seven worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150)

Special concepts in this chapter

Praise

The people of Israel should praise God and conquer the other nations.

5193PSA1491p2dkfigs-pronouns0General Information:

The psalmist is speaking to all of God's people, so you should use the plural command form if your language has one. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

5194PSA1491e71a0a new song
5195PSA1491vlr10sing his praise

praise him with songs

5196PSA1492r1nd0rejoice in the one who made them
5197PSA1492jyp70rejoice in their king
5198PSA1493isj6figs-metonymy0praise his name
5199PSA1493pu1itranslate-unknown0tambourine

a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

5200PSA1494hrp8figs-abstractnouns0glorifies the humble with salvation
5201PSA1494t8tzfigs-nominaladj0the humble
5202PSA1495b5tjfigs-explicit0on their beds
5203PSA1496s1s6figs-synecdoche0May the praises of God be in their mouths
5204PSA1496pq93figs-ellipsis0a two-edged sword in their hand
5205PSA1497c66ffigs-metonymy0the nations
5206PSA1498ka3y0chains

These are made of heavy metal and restrict the movement of prisoners.

5207PSA1498ety50shackles

a pair of chains or bands with a chain between that limits the movement of both a person's hands or feet.

5208PSA1499jie7figs-abstractnouns0They will execute the judgment that is written
5209PSA150intror7f50

Psalm 150 General Notes

Type of psalm

Psalm 150 is a worship psalm. It is last in a series of worship psalms. (Psalms 144-150)

Special concepts in this chapter

Instruments

People should praise Yahweh with every type of musical instrument.

5210PSA1501jx5kwriting-poetry0General Information:

This focuses on praise or worship that is most commonly held in the temple. Parallelism is common in Hebrew poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

5211PSA1501djp30Praise God in his holy place

God's temple was often referred to as his holy place. This was the most common place to go to worship God.

5212PSA1502e6ff0his mighty acts
5213PSA1503uqx40General Information:

This chunk focuses on praising or worshiping God with musical instruments and dance.

5214PSA1504m4dgtranslate-unknown0tambourines

A tambourine is a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

5215PSA1505yat3translate-unknown0cymbals

two thin, round metal plates that are hit together to make a loud sound (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

5216PSA1506c7iw0General Information:

This verse is more than the end of this psalm. It is the closing statement for all of Book 5 of the Psalms, which starts at Psalm 107 and ends with Psalm 150.

5217PSA1506ht6zfigs-hyperbole0everything that has breath

This is an exaggeration that calls on all people who are alive to praise God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])