en_tn/en_tn_18-JOB.tsv

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3JOB1introlym10

Job 01 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter introduces a story about a man named Job who lives during a time long before the author.

Special concepts in this chapter

Wealth

Job is very rich. During his time, a man's wealth is measured by the number of animals he owns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

Feasts

Job is a very godly man and celebrates Yahweh's provision by having feasts. It must be remembered that Job lives prior to the law of Moses, so his religious practices are different than the Hebrew people after Moses. The events of this book occur about the same time as the life of Abraham. Therefore, this book corresponds more with Genesis 12-50 than the rest of the Old Testament. (See:[[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/godly]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])

Job's faith

Satan believes that Job's faith is based on Yahweh's blessings. He challenges Yahweh to remove these blessings from Job's life because he thinks that Job will no longer trust in Yahweh if this happens. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])

4JOB11k5g4translate-names0land of Uz

Possible locations are 1) a place in ancient Edom east of the Jordan River in modern western Jordan or 2) a place east of the Euphrates River in modern Iran. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

5JOB11r5ajfigs-doublet0blameless and upright
6JOB11qj150one who feared God

one who honored God

7JOB11y3arfigs-metaphor0turned from evil
8JOB12ntr7translate-numbers0seven sons and three daughters
9JOB13t1uatranslate-numbers0He possessed seven thousand sheep
10JOB13mmd3translate-numbers0three thousand camels
11JOB13l5f2translate-numbers0five hundred pairs of oxen
12JOB13x4bu0the greatest

the richest

13JOB13csw9figs-explicit0all the people of the East
14JOB14i4lf0On each son's assigned day, he would give
15JOB14ey910he would give ... They would send and call for

he habitually gave ... They habitually sent and called for

16JOB14x3v20with them
17JOB15ik8z0Job would send ... he would consecrate ... He would rise early in the morning and offer ... he would say

he habitually gave ... They habitually sent and called for ... Job habitually sent ... he habitually consecrated ... He habitually rose early in the morning and offered ... he habitually said

18JOB15s2c60When the days of the feast were over
19JOB15w9xc0Job would send for them

Job habitually sent someone to call them to come to him

20JOB15k14m0he would consecrate them
21JOB15du2jfigs-metonymy0cursed God in their hearts
22JOB16i5iw0Then it was the day when
23JOB16n2re0sons of God

This refers to angels, heavenly beings.

24JOB16uwv60to present themselves before Yahweh

to stand together before Yahweh as he commanded them to do.

25JOB16k7e80Yahweh

This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.

26JOB17plj3figs-parallelism0From wandering on the earth, from going back and forth on it
27JOB18s9h2figs-rquestion0Have you considered my servant Job?
28JOB18ncu7figs-doublet0a blameless and upright man
29JOB18n9a80one who fears God
30JOB19i5tnfigs-rquestion0Does Job fear God without reason?
31JOB110f5z2figs-rquestion0Have you not put a barrier around him, around his house, and around all that is his from every side
32JOB110r7xtfigs-metaphor0put a barrier around him, around his house, and around all that is his from every side
33JOB110l9et0the deeds of his hands

everything that he does

34JOB110xg3q0his cattle have burst forth in the land

he has more and more livestock in the land

35JOB111k6w40But now stretch out your hand and touch all that he has, and see if he does not curse you to your face
36JOB111y4qifigs-metonymy0But now stretch out your hand
37JOB111ax31figs-metonymy0touch all that he has
38JOB111bn3v0to your face
39JOB112d2uy0Behold
40JOB112bul4figs-metonymy0all that he has is in your hand
41JOB112b94v0against him himself

against his life

42JOB112gn4s0went away from the presence of Yahweh
43JOB115s7b7translate-names0the Sabeans

This refers to a people in a region in modern day Yemen. Here it represents a group of raiders or bandits. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

44JOB115eib3figs-metaphor0fell on them
45JOB115jw7qfigs-metonymy0have struck

Here striking represents killing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

46JOB115ple3figs-metaphor0the edge of the sword
47JOB116a5g70While he was still speaking
48JOB116p6dxfigs-ellipsis0another also came
49JOB116bpd80I alone have escaped to tell you

See how you translated this in Job 1:15.

50JOB117mu5jfigs-metaphor0As for the servants, they have struck them with the edge of the sword. I alone have escaped to tell you
51JOB118s99m0Your sons and your daughters were eating and drinking wine in their oldest brother's house

See how you translated this in Job 1:13.

52JOB119l53s0A strong wind
53JOB119vau50the four corners of the house

the structural supports of the house

54JOB119t6zp0It fell on the young people

The house fell on your sons and daughters

55JOB119s3kd0I alone have escaped to tell you

See how you translated this in Job 1:15.

56JOB120d1w8translate-symaction0tore his robe, shaved his head

These were ritual mourning actions, symbolizing deep grief. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

57JOB121wph40I was naked when I came out of my mother's womb, and I will be naked when I will return there

At my birth, I brought nothing into the world, and at my death I will return to the earth with nothing

58JOB122l3ef0In all this matter

Regarding all this that happened

59JOB122xns10accuse God of wrongdoing

say that God had done wrong

60JOB2introke5i0

Job 02 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter repeats the concepts of the previous chapter, but this time it is more severe. After losing his wealth, Job's health is taken from him. His wife also begins to encourage Job to sin by cursing Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])

61JOB21rz1x0General Information:

This verse is almost exactly the same as Job 1:6 and can probably be translated in the same way.

62JOB21r1zs0Then it was the day

See how you translated this in Job 1:6.

63JOB21hst10the day when
64JOB21dg330sons of God

See how you translated this in Job 1:6.

65JOB21jay20present themselves before Yahweh

See how you translated this in Job 1:6.

66JOB22vu2m0General Information:

This verse is exactly the same as Job 1:7 and can probably be translated in the same way.

67JOB23t8ds0General Information:
68JOB23d12lfigs-rquestion0Have you considered my servant Job?
69JOB23uz5kfigs-doublet0a blameless and upright man
70JOB23eq690one who fears God and turns away from evil

See how you translated this in Job 1:1.

71JOB23awm60still holds fast to his integrity

remains completely dedicated to doing what is good and right

72JOB23khj60misled me against him

persuaded me without cause to attack him

73JOB23p2iq0to destroy him
74JOB24s8uafigs-metonymy0Skin for skin, indeed
75JOB25d2rf0But stretch out your hand now and touch his bones and his flesh, and see if he does not curse you to your face
76JOB25id2lfigs-metonymy0stretch out your hand
77JOB25cz3lfigs-metonymy0touch
78JOB25qau8figs-synecdoche0his bones and his flesh

This expression represents Job's body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

79JOB25i3ij0curse you to your face

See how you translated this in Job 1:11.

80JOB25b5lrfigs-metaphor0to your face
81JOB27fj980Then Satan went away from the presence of Yahweh

See how you translated this in Job 1:12.

82JOB27gtz90He struck Job with painful boils

He caused Job to suffer greatly with painful boils

83JOB27ts4r0painful boils

large, itching and painful skin infections

84JOB28k22q0a piece of broken pottery to scrape himself

The scraping scratches the skin to lessen the itch.

85JOB28f72vfigs-euphemism0sat down in the middle of ashes
86JOB29v1yjfigs-rquestion0Do you still hold fast to your integrity?
87JOB29wgb40Curse God

Reject God

88JOB210p6a80You talk as a foolish woman

You talk the way a stupid woman talks

89JOB210hrr4figs-rquestion0Should we receive the good from God and not receive the bad?
90JOB210i8pq0receive the good

benefit from all the good things

91JOB210ltp4figs-genericnoun0the good

This represents all the good things that God gives us. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])

92JOB210gz460receive the bad

suffer all the bad things without complaining

93JOB210kiz6figs-genericnoun0the bad

This represents all the bad things that God makes or allows us to experience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])

94JOB210wj2ifigs-metonymy0sin with his lips
95JOB211c4dmtranslate-names0Eliphaz the Temanite, Bildad the Shuhite, and Zophar the Naamathite

Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar are men's names. Teman was a city in Edom. Shuhites are the decedents of Abraham and Keturah. Naamah was a city in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

96JOB211s59z0set a time

agreed on a time

97JOB211en96figs-doublet0to mourn with him and to comfort him
98JOB212fu87figs-idiom0they lifted up their eyes
99JOB212kle60they did not recognize him
100JOB212jd72figs-idiom0They raised their voices and wept
101JOB212ira1translate-symaction0tore his robe

This was a sign of mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

102JOB212zzf1translate-symaction0threw dust into the air and upon his own head

These were signs of mourning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

103JOB3introjci90

Job 03 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem.

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Rhetorical questions

Job uses several rhetorical questions in this chapter. The purpose of these rhetorical questions is to show Job's earnest desire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

104JOB31hmv8figs-idiom0opened his mouth

This idiom means he began to speak. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

105JOB33z3ebfigs-personification0May the day on which I was born perish, the night
106JOB33zca2figs-ellipsis0the night that said, 'A boy has been conceived.'
107JOB33q9njfigs-personification0the night that said
108JOB33ka1k0A boy has been conceived
109JOB34l7yy0General Information:

The expressions in these verses are all wishes that the day of Job's birth would no longer exist. This may imply that the day, although in the past, still existed somehow. The UST translates them as expressions of sadness about what that day was like.

110JOB34hr5hfigs-parallelism0May that day be dark ... neither may the sun shine on it

These two clauses describe the darkness of the day of Job's birth, thus repeating Job's regret that he had been born. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

111JOB34n4h1figs-metaphor0May that day be dark
112JOB35xpc5figs-personification0May darkness and the shadow of death claim it for their own
113JOB35lz4efigs-metaphor0the shadow of death
114JOB35ci87figs-metaphor0May a cloud live over it
115JOB35tz1jfigs-metaphor0everything that makes the day black
116JOB35j4iffigs-personification0terrify it
117JOB36g44bfigs-personification0may thick darkness seize it
118JOB36mfe20thick darkness
119JOB36hgn9figs-personification0May it not rejoice
120JOB36d2mpfigs-personification0may it not come into the number
121JOB37sh3efigs-personification0may that night be barren
122JOB37cdr2figs-metaphor0may no joyful voice come into it
123JOB37i8zrfigs-synecdoche0joyful voice come
124JOB38i4gt0those who know how to wake up Leviathan

Job is probably referring here to sorcerers and magicians, who he believes might be able to even provoke Leviathan in spreading chaos. Leviathan was an animal well known in Ancient Near Eastern mythology, which was thought to be responsible for all kinds of destruction, disorder, and chaos.

125JOB39eeu10May the stars of that day's dawn be dark
126JOB39fcl4figs-personification0May that day look for light, but find none
127JOB39max2figs-personification0neither may it see the eyelids of the dawn
128JOB310ta9dfigs-metaphor0because it did not shut up the doors of my mother's womb
129JOB310juv2figs-personification0because it did not hide trouble from my eyes

The day of Job's birth is spoken of here as if it were a person who could hide something. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

130JOB310e47ifigs-metonymy0from my eyes
131JOB311kur90General Information:

This passage contains four rhetorical questions, which Job asks in order to really make a series of statements.

132JOB311gg8pfigs-rquestion0Why did I not die when I came out from the womb?
133JOB311mh8pfigs-rquestion0Why did I not give up my spirit when my mother bore me?
134JOB311hh1mfigs-idiom0give up my spirit

This refers to dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

135JOB312v9p9figs-rquestion0Why did her knees welcome me?
136JOB312j91kfigs-rquestion0Why did her breasts receive me so that I should suck?
137JOB313aal1figs-hypo0

Job begins talking about what would have been true if he had never been born. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

138JOB313v6g8figs-parallelism0For now I would have been lying down quietly. I would have slept and been at rest

Job uses two sentences to think about what it would be like if he had never been born or had died at birth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])

139JOB313pv57figs-hypo0I would have been lying down quietly
140JOB313hw7g0lying down quietly

asleep, resting peacefully

141JOB313e4ksfigs-idiom0been at rest
142JOB314m4i40with kings and counselors of the earth

with kings and their advisers

143JOB315b6t50General Information:

Job continues talking about what would have been true if he had never been born.

144JOB315kr3yfigs-hypo0Or I would have been lying

This describes something that might have happened but did not happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

145JOB315kq2mfigs-euphemism0I would have been lying with princes
146JOB315b79wfigs-parallelism0who once had gold, who had filled their houses with silver

Job uses parallelism to emphasize what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

147JOB316eqh2figs-hypo0General Information:

Job continues talking about what would have been true if he had never been born. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

148JOB316qn460I would have been stillborn

I would have died in my mother's womb

149JOB316qu2s0like infants that never see the light

like babies who have never been born

150JOB316j5tv0infants
151JOB317ip8q0General Information:

Job changes his talk from dying to life after death.

152JOB317t3apfigs-parallelism0There the wicked cease from trouble; there the weary are at rest

Job uses parallelism to emphasize that the lowly will find rest from those causing them hardship. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

153JOB317ar3hfigs-explicit0There the wicked cease from trouble
154JOB318zbk5figs-metonymy0the voice of the slave driver
155JOB319yv5lfigs-merism0small and great people
156JOB319xrv10the servant is free from his master

A servant is no longer obligated to serve his master.

157JOB320a8g2figs-parallelism0Why is light given to him who is in misery? Why is life given to the one who is bitter in soul

Job's two questions mean basically the same thing. He is wondering why those who face hardship continue to live. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

158JOB320zq45figs-rquestion0Why is light given to him who is in misery?
159JOB320naz6figs-metaphor0light

Here light represents life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

160JOB320q28efigs-rquestion0Why is life given to the one who is bitter in soul
161JOB321hbh30to one who longs ... for hidden treasure
162JOB321mg33figs-metaphor0to one who longs for death without it coming
163JOB321lgj7figs-metaphor0to one who digs for death more than for hidden treasure
164JOB322p5zyfigs-rquestion0Why is light given to one who rejoices very much and is glad when he finds the grave
165JOB322z97vfigs-doublet0one who rejoices very much and is glad
166JOB322p53tfigs-euphemism0when he finds the grave
167JOB322ihl7figs-metonymy0the grave

Here the grave represents death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

168JOB323fk1vfigs-rquestion0Why is light given to a man whose way is hidden, a man whom God has hedged in?
169JOB323n6gefigs-metaphor0Why is light given to a man
170JOB323xgh3figs-metaphor0whose way is hidden

Here Job speaks of his future, which he does not know in advance, as if God had hidden it from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

171JOB323f9q5figs-metaphor0a man whom God has hedged in

Here being in difficulties and dangers is spoken of as if it were being confined within narrow limits. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

172JOB324z8a9figs-parallelism0For my sighing happens instead of eating; my groaning is poured out like water

Job expresses his anguish in two ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

173JOB324ya6w0my sighing happens instead of eating

Instead of eating, I mourn

174JOB324jp2ufigs-metaphor0my groaning is poured out like water

Moral qualities and emotions such as grief are often spoken of as if they were water. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

175JOB325pvp2figs-parallelism0the thing that I feared has come on me; what I was afraid of has come to me
176JOB326f53tfigs-parallelism0I am not at ease, I am not quiet, and I have no rest
177JOB4introkk870

Job 04 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job's friend, Eliphaz.

Special concepts in this chapter

Eliphaz's advice

Eliphaz tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Eliphaz gives to Job is bad advice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Rhetorical questions

Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to form Eliphaz's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

178JOB41e5n4translate-names0Eliphaz

Eliphaz is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

179JOB41c3fqtranslate-names0Temanite

A Temanite belongs to the tribe of Teman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

180JOB42y6k8figs-rquestion0will you be impatient?
181JOB42knx60will you be impatient?

will that annoy you?

182JOB42n3srfigs-rquestion0But who can stop himself from speaking?
183JOB43piw1figs-parallelism0See, you have instructed many; you have strengthened weak hands

This verse states a single idea in two different ways. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

184JOB43fe8qfigs-metonymy0you have strengthened weak hands
185JOB44lvl1figs-parallelism0General Information:

The writer uses parallelism in each of these verses to make one idea using two different statements to emphasize 1) the support that Job has given others in the past, 2) the effect on him of his present troubles, and 3) his piety before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

186JOB44tqj5figs-metaphor0supported

Someone who has been encouraged is spoken of as if he were kept from falling down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

187JOB44fnd5figs-metaphor0falling

Here becoming discouraged is spoken of as if it were falling down. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

188JOB44c21wfigs-metaphor0you have made feeble knees firm

Here discouragement is spoken of as if it were a person whose weak knees could not keep him upright. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

189JOB45jv44figs-metaphor0But now trouble has come to you
190JOB45w2d10you are weary

you are discouraged

191JOB46b27y0your fear

the fact that you honor God

192JOB46jv9mfigs-rquestion0Is not your fear your confidence, and the integrity of your ways your hope?
193JOB46w4dnfigs-explicit0your fear
194JOB46nh5wfigs-metaphor0your ways
195JOB47ctx8figs-rquestion0Who has ever perished when innocent?
196JOB47ci3bfigs-rquestion0when were the upright people ever cut off
197JOB47mq2sfigs-metaphor0cut off

Here being cut off represents being destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

198JOB48yw7bfigs-metaphor0plow iniquity ... sow trouble ... reap

Here the actions of plowing and sowing represent causing trouble for other people. The action of reaping represents suffering the trouble that one has himself caused. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

199JOB49a93hfigs-parallelism0By the breath of God they perish; by the blast of his anger they are consumed

The writer explains a single idea using two different statements. This is a form of Hebrew poetry used for emphasis, clarity, teaching, or all three. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

200JOB49g9mpfigs-metaphor0the breath of God

This may represent the action of God giving a command. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

201JOB49my29figs-metaphor0the blast of his anger

This expression suggests the heavy breathing that a person sometimes does through his nose when he is very angry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

202JOB49sm4nfigs-metaphor0breath ... blast
203JOB49l8s1figs-activepassive0perish ... are consumed
204JOB49trx3figs-metaphor0they are consumed

Here being consumed or eaten represents being killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

205JOB410vnp3figs-parallelism0General Information:

The writer uses parallelism in these verses, conveying a single idea using different statements to emphasize God's destruction of wicked people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

206JOB410mw99figs-metaphor0The roaring of the lion, the voice of the fierce lion, the teeth of the young lions—they are broken.

Here a lion's roar, his voice, and his teeth being broken are used as pictures of the wicked being destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

207JOB410l75nfigs-activepassive0they are broken
208JOB411uru10The old lion perishes for lack of victims; the cubs of the lioness are scattered everywhere

Eliphaz uses the picture of an old lion dying of hunger and of a lion's family being scattered as metaphors for the wicked being destroyed.

209JOB411n8m2figs-activepassive0the cubs of the lioness are scattered
210JOB412n1tdfigs-parallelism0Now a certain matter was secretly brought to me ... my ear received a whisper about it

These phrases express the same idea in a different way. They convey the idea that Eliphaz heard a message whispered to him. This repetition is a form of Hebrew poetry used frequently for emphasis, teaching, or clarity. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

211JOB413h37a0visions in the night

dreams

212JOB413er9t0when deep sleep falls on people

when people sleep very deeply

213JOB414p54mfigs-parallelism0General Information:

The writer uses parallelism in these verses, conveying a single idea using different statements to emphasize Eliphaz's fear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

214JOB414pp18figs-metaphor0fear and trembling came upon me
215JOB415j3h80the hair of my flesh stood up

This indicates great fear.

216JOB415s6t70the hair of my flesh

the hair on my body

217JOB416c4qgfigs-parallelism0General Information:

The writer uses parallelism in verse 17, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize a question about the purity of man before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

218JOB416vak80A form was before my eyes
219JOB416dat70and I heard

then I heard

220JOB417qqw3figs-rquestion0Can a mortal man be more righteous than God?
221JOB417hw7dfigs-rquestion0Can a man be more pure than his Maker?
222JOB417r4a70his Maker

his Creator

223JOB419x3pkfigs-metaphor0those who live in houses of clay, whose foundation is in the dust

This is a figurative way of describing human beings, who were created out of the dust of the earth and whose bodies are like houses, which are made of clay and have dirt foundations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

224JOB419r4dqfigs-metaphor0who are crushed sooner than a moth
225JOB420ajf2figs-parallelism0General Information:

These verses continue the earlier use of parallelism, here emphasizing in different ways the idea that people die suddenly without having achieved wisdom and without concern from others. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

226JOB420m44ufigs-metaphor0Between morning and evening they are destroyed

This refers to the idea of something happening quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

227JOB420znp6figs-activepassive0they are destroyed
228JOB421n9sufigs-rquestion0Are not their tent cords plucked up among them?
229JOB421ugp9figs-synecdoche0their tent cords

Here tent cords represent a tent. Sometimes a person's home and family are pictured as his tent, which can also represent all his possessions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

230JOB5introkq380

Job 05 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job's friend, Eliphaz.

Special concepts in this chapter

Eliphaz's advice

Eliphaz tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Eliphaz gives to Job is bad advice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])

Sickness and sin

In the ancient Near East, it was common to believe that a person's illness was caused by sin. It was seen as the punishment of a god. While Yahweh may punish people because of their sin, not all sicknesses are caused by sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Rhetorical questions

Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Eliphaz's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

231JOB51gaw4figs-rquestion0To which of the holy ones will you turn?
232JOB51n2rw0holy ones

This refers to supernatural beings of some kind, whether angels or other spirits.

233JOB52v7ip0jealousy kills the silly one

jealousy kills anyone who acts ignorantly and impulsively

234JOB52wt27figs-genericnoun0the silly one

any silly person (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])

235JOB53bn1mfigs-genericnoun0a foolish person

any foolish person (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-genericnoun]])

236JOB53za27figs-metaphor0a foolish person taking root
237JOB53lcr10his home

This refers to the person's family and all his property.

238JOB54j2umfigs-parallelism0General Information:

These verses continue the earlier use of parallelism, here emphasizing in different ways the idea that the children of foolish people are never safe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

239JOB54yz4i0His children are far from safety
240JOB54i7p9figs-metaphor0are crushed
241JOB54e8js0city gate

The city gate, functioning as a court, was the place where disputes were resolved and where judgments were given.

242JOB54ep6h0There is no one to rescue them

There is no one to help the foolish people's children out of their hardship

243JOB55k9ap0they even take it from among the thorns

This perhaps refers to parts of a field where the worst crops grow, because of thorn plants present.

244JOB55ded6figs-metaphor0The thirsty pant for their wealth

Here greedy people are spoken of as if they were thirsty, and the wealth of the foolish person is spoken of as if it were something that they could drink. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

245JOB56kx25figs-metaphor0For difficulties do not come out from the soil; neither does trouble sprout from the ground

Here difficulties and trouble are spoken of as if they were plants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

246JOB57kz2sfigs-simile0mankind is born for trouble, just as sparks fly upward

It is as natural for people, once they are born, to have trouble as it is for sparks to fly up from a fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

247JOB58ahg3figs-parallelism0General Information:

In these verses, Eliphaz continues his speech from Job 4:1. The writer continues to use parallelism in each verse, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize that Job needs to plead his case to God who does wonderful things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

248JOB59ep8u0great and unsearchable things, marvelous things without number

great things that cannot be understood, wonders that cannot be counted

249JOB59l8rtfigs-metaphor0unsearchable things

This refers to things that mankind cannot understand. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

250JOB59ga9hfigs-hendiadys0great and unsearchable things
251JOB59sa4u0marvelous things
252JOB511w7abfigs-parallelism0General Information:

The writer continues to use parallelism in each verse, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize how God lifts those who are lowly and debases those who are cunning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

253JOB511die2figs-metaphor0He does this in order to set up on high those who are low
254JOB512z3jyfigs-metaphor0He breaks the plans

Here stopping the plans of crafty people is spoken of as if they were things that could be physically broken. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

255JOB513rw2wfigs-metaphor0He traps wise people in their own crafty actions

Here making wise people suffer for their own evil actions is spoken of as if it were catching them in traps. Their own actions are spoken of as if they were those traps. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

256JOB513zp4cfigs-metaphor0twisted people
257JOB514igd7figs-parallelism0General Information:

The writer continues to use parallelism in each verse, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize how God debases those who are cunning and saves those who are poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

258JOB514w5uyfigs-metaphor0They encounter darkness in the daytime
259JOB514ua150grope

feel around like a blind person

260JOB514vnt60noonday

the middle of the day, when the sun is highest and brightest

261JOB515i885figs-metaphor0But he saves the poor person from the sword in their mouths
262JOB516exr5figs-personification0injustice shuts her own mouth
263JOB517sq3ffigs-parallelism0General Information:

The writer continues to use parallelism in verses 18 and 19, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize God's acts of chastening and healing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

264JOB517izq10God corrects ... chastening of the Almighty

God is pictured as a parent correcting or instructing a child.

265JOB517jr160blessed is the man whom God corrects

God really favors the man whom he corrects

266JOB517g1br0do not despise
267JOB517c4un0chastening
268JOB518fx570For he wounds and then binds up; he wounds and then his hands heal

For he wounds but binds up; he crushes but his hands heal

269JOB518dgs2figs-synecdoche0his hands heal
270JOB519q4qefigs-metaphor0He will rescue you out of six troubles; indeed, in seven troubles, no evil will touch you
271JOB520s1h60General Information:
272JOB520q1gifigs-metaphor0In famine he will ransom you
273JOB520cy63figs-synecdoche0the hands of the sword
274JOB521h9agfigs-abstractnouns0of destruction
275JOB522m19vwriting-symlanguage0You will laugh at destruction and famine
276JOB522dbx6figs-metaphor0beasts of the earth
277JOB523ed53figs-parallelism0General Information:

The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize security with regard to the natural world, the homestead, and one's descendants. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

278JOB523kt43figs-metaphor0you will have a covenant with the stones in your field
279JOB523rr79figs-idiom0the beasts of the field

This refers to dangerous wild animals. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

280JOB524ew8gfigs-metaphor0You will know that your tent is in safety
281JOB524i2fj0you will visit your sheepfold and you will not miss anything

when you visit where your flock stays at night, you will find all your sheep there

282JOB525fxb7figs-metaphor0your seed will be great
283JOB525f961figs-simile0your offspring will be like the grass on the ground
284JOB526a9gt0You will come to your grave at a full age

You will die at a very old age

285JOB526w6jtfigs-explicit0like a stack of grain bundles that goes up at its time

You may need to make explicit that the grain in this simile is fully ripe but not overly ripe. He would neither die young nor become weak in his old age. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

286JOB527uwj5figs-exclusive0See, we have examined this matter; it is like this; listen to it, and know it for yourself
287JOB6intror7kh0

Job 06 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Eliphaz.

Special concepts in this chapter

Job's righteousness

Despite being upset about his circumstances, and desiring his own death, Job does not curse God. He would rather have God end his life than to curse him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Metaphors

Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express his pain or despair. He also is upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

Rhetorical questions

Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Eliphaz that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

288JOB62use6figs-parallelism0if only my anguish were weighed; if only all my calamity were laid in the balance
289JOB62cqr60in the balance

on a scale

290JOB63l5j1figs-simile0For now it would be heavier than the sand of the seas
291JOB63j9lz0my words were reckless
292JOB64b2zhfigs-parallelism0General Information:

The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize Job's intense suffering as the grounds for his complaint. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

293JOB64se7mfigs-metaphor0For the arrows of the Almighty are in me
294JOB64m898figs-metaphor0my spirit drinks up the poison
295JOB64l3u6figs-personification0the terrors of God have arranged themselves in array against me
296JOB64sr2cfigs-metaphor0the terrors of God have arranged themselves in array against me
297JOB65vas3figs-rquestion0Does the wild donkey bray in despair when he has grass? Or does the ox low in hunger when it has fodder?
298JOB65h1b20bray

the sound a donkey makes

299JOB65i2r20low

the sound an ox makes

300JOB65tbl20fodder

animal food

301JOB66l3sdfigs-metaphor0Can that which has no taste be eaten without salt? Or is there any taste in the white of an egg?

Possible meanings are 1) Job is comparing his displeasure for his circumstances to people's dislike for bland food or 2) Job is comparing his displeasure for his friend's advice to people's dislike for bland food. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

302JOB66cg4rfigs-rquestion0Can that which has no taste be eaten without salt? Or is there any taste in the white of an egg?
303JOB66xfj2figs-activepassive0Can that which has no taste be eaten
304JOB67r1x2figs-parallelism0General Information:

Job continues to use parallelisms in these verses as he speaks about his sufferings and his desire for death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

305JOB67hy2z0I refuse to touch them
306JOB69yf92figs-euphemism0to crush me once
307JOB69f53hfigs-idiom0that he would let loose his hand and cut me off from this life
308JOB610gre40even if I exult in pain that does not lessen
309JOB610a7360exult

rejoice

310JOB610f2zu0does not lessen

does not diminish

311JOB610ji9n0that I have not denied the words of the Holy One
312JOB611b1uefigs-rquestion0What is my strength, that I should try to wait? What is my end, that I should prolong my life?
313JOB612vp49figs-parallelism0General Information:

The writer uses parallel rhetorical questions in each of these verses to emphasize Job's lack of strength to endure suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

314JOB612n69yfigs-rquestion0Is my strength the strength of stones? Or is my flesh made of bronze?
315JOB613lg48figs-rquestion0Is it not true that I have no help in myself ... me?
316JOB613h5wffigs-activepassive0wisdom has been driven out of me
317JOB614e6e6figs-activepassive0To the person who is about to faint, faithfulness should be shown by his friend
318JOB614s4yifigs-metaphor0who is about to faint
319JOB614naj80even to him who forsakes the fear of the Almighty
320JOB615p13yfigs-simile0But my brothers have been as faithful to me as a desert streambed
321JOB615l6xjfigs-simile0as channels of water that pass away to nothing
322JOB616pnp2figs-parallelism0which are darkened because of ice over them ... and because of the snow that hides itself in them
323JOB616cq2ifigs-personification0because of the snow that hides itself in them
324JOB617z6dhfigs-parallelism0When they thaw out, they vanish ... when it is hot, they melt out of their place
325JOB618t8lvfigs-metaphor0

Job is continuing his description of his friends being as unreliable as streams that dry up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

326JOB618vke10The caravans that travel by their way turn aside for water
327JOB618dm5v0The caravans

A caravan is a large group of travelers riding camels across the desert.

328JOB618n26d0barren land
329JOB619m9l7translate-names0Tema ... Sheba

These are the names of places. The people of these places used caravans to trade things with people from other lands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

330JOB619ua630while companies of Sheba

while caravans from Sheba

331JOB619n6an0hoped in them
332JOB620mue3figs-activepassive0but they were deceived
333JOB621km28figs-rquestion0General Information:

In these verses, Job poses four questions to rebuke his friends and to emphasize that he did not ask for help from any of them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

334JOB621gk7t0For now

Job uses this phrase to introduce the main part of what he is saying.

335JOB621wa4z0you friends are nothing to me

you friends have not helped me at all

336JOB621zr7kfigs-explicit0are afraid
337JOB623vq26figs-rquestion0or, 'Save me from my adversary's hand' or, 'Ransom me from the hand of my oppressors'?
338JOB623x1gsfigs-metonymy0my adversary's hand ... the hand of my oppressors
339JOB623z65f0Ransom me

Rescue me

340JOB624t8mffigs-you0Teach me ... make me
341JOB624jg8ffigs-idiom0I will hold my peace
342JOB625ukw20How painful are truthful words! But your arguments, how do they actually rebuke me?
343JOB625bt6sfigs-rquestion0But your arguments, how do they actually rebuke me?
344JOB625rrn50your arguments
345JOB626l7bpfigs-rquestion0Do you plan to ignore my words, treating the words of a desperate man like the wind?
346JOB626zm1wfigs-you0Do you
347JOB627w62r0you cast lots for a fatherless child

you would even gamble to win an orphan

348JOB627jib8figs-you0you cast lots ... haggle over your friend
349JOB627q6ljfigs-simile0haggle over your friend like merchandise
350JOB628eq8v0Now

This word is used by Job to introduce new information.

351JOB628m2bqfigs-you0please look
352JOB628q6v3figs-synecdoche0I would not lie to your face
353JOB629c7zi0Relent, I beg you
354JOB629fcq7figs-doublenegatives0let there be no injustice with you
355JOB629hka90Indeed, relent

Please relent.

356JOB630km3ffigs-rquestion0Is there evil on my tongue?
357JOB630z316figs-metonymy0on my tongue
358JOB630f1gafigs-rquestion0Cannot my mouth detect malicious things?
359JOB7introy5ka0

Job 07 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Eliphaz.

Special concepts in this chapter

Job's righteousness

Despite being upset about his circumstances, and desiring his own death, Job does not curse God. He would rather have God end his life than to curse him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Metaphors

Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express his pain or despair. He also is upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

Rhetorical questions

Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Eliphaz that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

360JOB71eq7pfigs-parallelism0General Information:

The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize that his personal suffering is part of the universal suffering which all people experience. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

361JOB71nz5ufigs-rquestion0Does not man have hard labor on earth?
362JOB71a1c6figs-hyperbole0on earth
363JOB71m3ytfigs-rquestion0Are not his days like the days of a hired man?
364JOB71n56j0a hired man
365JOB72g9jifigs-simile0Like a slave ... like a hired man

Job compares his misery and trouble to that of the slave and hired man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

366JOB72f1pufigs-explicit0the shadows of evening
367JOB72d6510looks for his wages

waits for his pay

368JOB73fpt6figs-activepassive0I have been made to endure months of misery; I have been given trouble-filled nights
369JOB73cp2ifigs-explicit0months of misery
370JOB74m7jxfigs-explicit0When I lie down
371JOB74fij2figs-rpronouns0I say to myself
372JOB74sf4yfigs-rquestion0When will I get up and when will the night be gone?
373JOB74m4sv0tossing to and fro
374JOB75sh53figs-metaphor0My flesh is clothed with worms and clods of dust
375JOB75l429figs-synecdoche0My flesh
376JOB75lry50clods of dust

Possible meanings are 1) lumps or crusts of dirt or 2) scabs on the skin.

377JOB75we790dissolve and run afresh

break out again

378JOB76iar8figs-parallelism0General Information:

The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize Job's sense of the shortness of life. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

379JOB76tf2gfigs-simile0My days are swifter than a weaver's shuttle
380JOB76pvg20weaver

a person who makes cloth by crossing threads or yarn

381JOB76fy2b0a weaver's shuttle

a moving part that carries thread or yarn back and forth quickly in a loom when making cloth

382JOB77uf8v0call to mind
383JOB77ee27figs-metaphor0my life is only a breath
384JOB77bw35figs-synecdoche0my eye will no more see good
385JOB78sj61figs-parallelism0General Information:

The writer continues to use parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize Job's thought that, after death, neither God nor the people he knew will see him again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

386JOB78f5vcfigs-explicit0The eye of God, who sees me, will see me no more
387JOB78p6u5figs-synecdoche0The eye of God, who sees me ... God's eyes will be on me
388JOB79q76ufigs-simile0As a cloud is consumed and vanishes away, so he who goes down to Sheol will come up no more

Job is describing death as being like the clouds that disappear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

389JOB79m6z6figs-activepassive0As a cloud is consumed
390JOB79g4h10he who goes down to Sheol will come up no more

he who dies will not return

391JOB710xnf4figs-metonymy0his place
392JOB711ed6afigs-parallelism0I will speak in the anguish of my spirit; I will complain in the bitterness of my soul

Job conveys a single idea using two different statements to emphasize the reason he will not remain silent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

393JOB711q76qfigs-metonymy0I will not restrain my mouth
394JOB711v8zzfigs-abstractnouns0in the anguish of my spirit
395JOB711ti81figs-metaphor0in the bitterness of my soul
396JOB712qy6rfigs-rquestion0Am I the sea or a sea monster that you place a guard over me?
397JOB713kme8figs-parallelism0General Information:

The writer continues to use parallelism in the first two verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize Job's intense suffering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

398JOB713v7e8figs-metonymy0My bed will comfort me, and my couch will ease my complaint
399JOB713d3uy0My bed ... my couch
400JOB714pf6s0you scare me
401JOB715et7t0strangling

killing a person by squeezing the throat and stopping the breathing

402JOB715nee4figs-synecdoche0these bones of mine
403JOB716jd5kfigs-parallelism0

The writer continues to use parallelism in these verses, conveying a single idea using two different statements to emphasize the impact of Job's misery on his sense of self worth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

404JOB716th4d0I loathe my life

I despise my life

405JOB716eu9h0to always be alive

to live forever

406JOB716yp5g0my days are useless
407JOB717awx9figs-rquestion0

Job asks a rhetorical question to say that he does not understand why God should pay attention to people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

408JOB717w1rifigs-metonymy0set your mind on him
409JOB718s64bfigs-rquestion0that you should observe ... every moment?
410JOB718cdq50observe him

carefully examine him

411JOB719eb8vfigs-parallelism0How long will it be ... swallow down my own saliva?
412JOB719ts1s0saliva

liquid produced in people's mouths that keeps the mouth moist and helps to swallow food

413JOB720wwv1figs-rquestion0Even if I have sinned ... burden for you?
414JOB721gzz5figs-parallelism0Why do you not pardon my transgression and take away my iniquity?
415JOB721ek8a0take away

remove

416JOB721yf7gfigs-metonymy0now will I lie down in the dust
417JOB721uz1p0I will not exist
418JOB8intromd4v0

Job 08 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job's friend, Bildad.

Special concepts in this chapter

Bildad's advice

Bildad tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Bildad gives to Job is bad advice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Rhetorical questions

Bildad uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Bildad's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

419JOB81emj8figs-rquestion0General Information:

Verses 2 and 3 each consist of two different questions that have the same meaning. Bildad uses these questions to rebuke Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

420JOB81xwz10Connecting Statement:

In this chapter, Bildad begins to speak about Job's complaints.

421JOB81y8y8translate-names0Then Bildad the Shuhite answered
422JOB82gg55figs-metaphor0How long will the words of your mouth be a mighty wind?
423JOB83x959figs-rquestion0Does God pervert justice? Does the Almighty pervert righteousness?
424JOB83p2fp0pervert justice? ... pervert righteousness?

approve of and do what is not just? ... approve of and do what is not righteous?

425JOB84icy5figs-metonymy0for he gave them into the hand of their sins
426JOB85lpy9figs-hypo0But suppose you diligently sought God and presented your request to the Almighty

Bildad is saying what would have happened if Job had correctly spoken to God, but Bildad does not believe that Job really did this. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

427JOB85q7cdfigs-doublet0diligently sought God ... presented your request to the Almighty

These two phrases both refer to Job asking God for help or pleading with God for mercy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

428JOB85c9ii0diligently sought God

earnestly asked God for help

429JOB86u412figs-hypo0General Information:

Bildad says that God would treat Job well if he was pure, but Bildad does not believe that Job is pure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

430JOB86a4ua0If you are pure and upright
431JOB86f6a2figs-metaphor0stir himself on your behalf
432JOB86k3xq0restore you to your rightful place

This refers to giving back to Job the things he lost, including his family, wealth, and honor.

433JOB87cd7rfigs-metaphor0Even though your beginning was small, still your final condition would be much greater
434JOB88h2ybfigs-parallelism0General Information:

Bildad continues to use parallelism in each of these verses to emphasize that their ancestors agree with the things Bildad is telling Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

435JOB88iq7n0give your attention to what our ancestors learned
436JOB89m5vpfigs-metaphor0our days on earth are a shadow

The shortness of life is spoken of as if it were a shadow which quickly disappears. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

437JOB810h2aefigs-rquestion0Will they not teach you and tell you? Will they not speak words from their hearts?
438JOB810u4adfigs-metonymy0from their hearts
439JOB811a2hm0General Information:

It is unclear if this verse is the teaching of Bildad, or if Bildad is quoting the sayings of the ancestors of Job 8:8-10.

440JOB811tj37figs-rquestion0Can papyrus grow without a marsh? Can reeds grow without water?
441JOB811ig9q0papyrus

a tall reed-like plant that grows in shallow water

442JOB812ht780General Information:

It is unclear if this verse is the teaching of Bildad, or if Bildad is quoting the sayings of the ancestors of Job 8:8-10.

443JOB812q4x1figs-explicit0While they are still green and not cut down, they wither before any other plant
444JOB812ugh50wither

dry up

445JOB813vn8n0General Information:

It is unclear if this verse is the teaching of Bildad, or if Bildad is quoting the sayings of the ancestors of Job 8:8-10.

446JOB813y6pdfigs-metonymy0So also are the paths of all who forget God
447JOB813fc760the hope of the godless will perish

the things the godless person desires will not happen

448JOB814m1bjfigs-genericnoun0General Information:
449JOB814yg2tfigs-parallelism0His confidence will break apart ... his trust is as weak as a spider's web

These two phrases mean the same thing and emphasize that the godless person is trusting in something that cannot save him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

450JOB814e61xfigs-simile0his trust is as weak as a spider's web

Here Bildad compares the trust of the godless person to a spider's web; the slightest force will break both. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

451JOB815h15hfigs-genericnoun0General Information:
452JOB815g7alfigs-metaphor0He leans on his house, but it will not support him; he takes hold of it, but it does not stand
453JOB815r6mqfigs-litotes0it will not support him
454JOB815s164figs-litotes0it does not stand
455JOB816zn7yfigs-genericnoun0General Information:
456JOB816x5phfigs-metaphor0Under the sun he is green, and his shoots go out over his entire garden

Here Bildad compares the godless person to a plant that is healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

457JOB816d31w0Under the sun he is green

The meaning of the Hebrew text is unclear. Possible meanings are 1) he is healthy during the day or 2) he is watered before the sun rises.

458JOB817i19yfigs-genericnoun0General Information:
459JOB817cty7figs-parallelism0His roots are wrapped about the heaps of stone ... they look for good places among the rocks

These two phrases have similar meaning, but the meaning is unclear. Possible meanings are 1) he appears to be well-rooted in the rocks, taking advantage of every opening or 2) his roots cannot find fertile ground and must try to find nutrients among the rocks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

460JOB818qe8bfigs-genericnoun0General Information:
461JOB818ib86figs-activepassive0if this person is destroyed out of his place
462JOB818tq8v0his place
463JOB818b7jgfigs-personification0that place will deny him and say, 'I never saw you.'

The garden is spoken of as if it had human ability to speak. The garden immediately forgets that he existed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

464JOB819llr9figs-irony0
465JOB819z27bfigs-metaphor0other plants will sprout out of the same soil in his place
466JOB819n1qg0sprout

grow

467JOB819j8fx0the same soil
468JOB819y97b0in his place

in the place of the godless man

469JOB820i9v40God will not cast away an innocent man
470JOB820gz4zfigs-metonymy0neither will he take the hand of evildoers
471JOB821td9sfigs-parallelism0He will yet fill your mouth with laughter, your lips with shouting
472JOB821ezc5figs-metaphor0fill your mouth with laughter
473JOB821e5gpfigs-ellipsis0your lips with shouting
474JOB822tc4gfigs-metaphor0Those who hate you will be clothed with shame
475JOB822k5y90the tent of the wicked will be no more
476JOB822uz630will be no more
477JOB9intron51u0

Job 09 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Bildad.

Special concepts in this chapter

Job's righteousness and Yahweh's power

Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. Job does not think that he can make a claim against Yahweh because only God is perfectly wise and just. Yahweh is truly powerful and Job understands this. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Metaphors

Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express himself or to describe Yahweh's power. He is also upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

Rhetorical questions

Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Bildad that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

478JOB92e3690I truly know that this is so

I know that what you say is true

479JOB92a9ku0this is so
480JOB92r4pi0how can a person be in the right with God?

how can anyone be innocent before God?

481JOB93a6um0argue

dispute

482JOB93el71figs-idiom0he cannot answer him once in a thousand times
483JOB93t9fi0a thousand times

1,000 times

484JOB94mh8afigs-metonymy0wise in heart
485JOB94f7rjfigs-abstractnouns0mighty in strength
486JOB94b286figs-rpronouns0hardened himself against him
487JOB95at5b0he who removes the mountains

God removes the mountains

488JOB96m19t0he who shakes the earth

God shakes the earth

489JOB96xth30sets its supports trembling

makes its foundations tremble

490JOB97mt2x0who covers up the stars

who blocks the stars from view

491JOB98lya7figs-rpronouns0who by himself stretches out the heavens

God is spoken of as creating the heavens without any help, as if the heavens were fabric that he stretches out. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

492JOB98xis1figs-metaphor0tramples down the waves of the sea
493JOB99n4y8translate-unknown0the Bear, Orion, the Pleiades

These are the names of constellations, which are groups of stars that seem like they form a particular shape in the sky. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

494JOB99taz30Orion

a famous hunter in Greek mythology

495JOB99x4290Pleiades

several bright stars that look like they are close together in the sky

496JOB99uzy50constellations

groups of stars that seem like they form a particular shape in the sky

497JOB910h9d9figs-parallelism0General Information:

The writer uses parallelism in each of these verses, conveying a single idea using double statements to emphasize that God is great, unseen, and sovereign. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

498JOB910g1vu0unsearchable things

things that cannot be understood

499JOB911j3wr0See
500JOB911l3a70he passes on
501JOB912tc75figs-rquestion0If he takes something away, who can stop him? Who can say to him, 'What are you doing?
502JOB912gm8n0If he takes something away
503JOB913e9gutranslate-symaction0the helpers of Rahab bow beneath him
504JOB913nzr2translate-names0Rahab
505JOB914z61qfigs-parallelism0How much less could I answer him, could I choose words to reason with him?
506JOB917w3dcfigs-metaphor0For he breaks me with a tempest
507JOB917qb290tempest

a powerful or violent storm

508JOB917rl4w0multiplies my wounds
509JOB917qw6a0without cause
510JOB918bw17figs-idiom0to regain my breath
511JOB918uqz6figs-metaphor0he fills me with bitterness
512JOB919qi460If it is a matter of strength

If there is a contest of strength

513JOB919ad8i0behold, he is mighty
514JOB919a2rc0he is mighty

he is the strong one

515JOB919fjk3figs-rquestion0who can summon him?
516JOB920q6qkfigs-parallelism0Though I am in the right, my own mouth would condemn me; and though I am blameless, my words would prove me to be guilty

This verse expresses the same idea twice for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

517JOB920xtf8figs-idiom0Though I am in the right
518JOB920grl2figs-metonymy0my own mouth would condemn me
519JOB920ci260blameless

faultless

520JOB920dd24figs-metaphor0my words would prove me to be guilty
521JOB920j9y30guilty
522JOB921n1sz0I am blameless

I am faultless

523JOB921ruv50about myself

what happens to me

524JOB922ahw10It makes no difference
525JOB922e1i7figs-merism0he destroys blameless people and wicked people together
526JOB923hsd9figs-metaphor0When a whip suddenly kills
527JOB923m78ufigs-metonymy0the despair of the innocent
528JOB923sgu2figs-nominaladj0innocent
529JOB924v13gfigs-activepassive0The earth is given
530JOB924rz2jfigs-metonymy0The earth is
531JOB924g65cfigs-metonymy0into the hand of
532JOB924l9pzfigs-idiom0God covers the faces of its judges
533JOB924y1iv0If it is not he who does it, then who is it?

If it is not God who does these things, then who does them?

534JOB925aw7ifigs-simile0My days are swifter than a running messenger
535JOB925um750running messenger
536JOB925s36pfigs-personification0my days flee away

This pictures the days of Job's life as being able to run away like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

537JOB925a6zyfigs-personification0they see no good anywhere

This pictures the days of Job's life as being able to see like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

538JOB925ej640no good

no good thing

539JOB926icr6figs-simile0They are as fast as papyrus reed boats
540JOB926hle50papyrus reed boats
541JOB926vrq5figs-simile0as fast as the eagle that swoops down on its victim
542JOB926iuy10swoops down

rushes down

543JOB927wk23figs-abstractnouns0I would forget about my complaints
544JOB927gn93figs-explicit0my complaints
545JOB927vk9tfigs-metaphor0I would take off my sad face and be happy
546JOB928rek4writing-connectingwords0I would be afraid of all my sorrows
547JOB928hqx2figs-abstractnouns0of all my sorrows
548JOB929js2afigs-activepassive0I will be condemned
549JOB929w57lfigs-rquestion0why, then, should I try in vain?
550JOB930l6jt0If I washed myself with snow water

If I bathed my body in pure, clean water

551JOB930y1110snow water

the water that comes from melted snow

552JOB930b7il0snow

white flakes of frozen water that fall from clouds in places where the air temperature is cold

553JOB930a4jk0made my hands ever so clean
554JOB931sz3q0plunge me in a ditch

throw me into a pit

555JOB931vh45figs-personification0my own clothes would be disgusted with me
556JOB932va67figs-explicit0answer him
557JOB932yb3ifigs-metonymy0come together in court
558JOB933z7430There is no judge between us

This means there is no judge who is greater than God who could decide what is right between him and Job.

559JOB933es66figs-idiom0lay his hand upon us both
560JOB934hm1t0Connecting Statement:

These verses continue the previous argument that no one is greater than God who could act as a judge between God and Job.

561JOB934cc5rfigs-metonymy0take God's rod off me
562JOB934vs1bfigs-abstractnouns0keep his terror from frightening me
563JOB935fa780Then would I speak up

Then I would speak

564JOB935ug860as things are now

because this is how things are now

565JOB10introul990

Job 10 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Bildad.

Special concepts in this chapter

Job's righteousness

Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse Yahweh. Instead, he defends himself to Yahweh, while trusting in his decision. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Rhetorical questions

Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to defend himself. He does not believe that he committed a sin deserving severe punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

566JOB101ch7h0I am weary of my life

I am tired of living

567JOB101p5clfigs-abstractnouns0I will give free expression to my complaint
568JOB101zk1ffigs-metaphor0I will speak in the bitterness of my soul
569JOB103aaw5figs-rquestion0Is it good to you that you should oppress me, to despise the work of your hands while you smile on the plans of the wicked?
570JOB103vw7hfigs-synecdoche0the work of your hands
571JOB103q8wffigs-idiom0smile on the plans of the wicked
572JOB104d65rfigs-parallelism0Do you have eyes of flesh? Do you see like a man sees?
573JOB105e9t6figs-rquestion0

Job begins to ask a rhetorical question. He is saying that God lives forever but people live only for a short time, so God should not worry about Job's sins. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

574JOB105awt6figs-parallelism0your days like the days of mankind ... your years like the years of people

These two phrases have nearly the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

575JOB105st4n0your days

the number of your days

576JOB105tjp40your years

the number of your years

577JOB106qf3d0Connecting Statement:

Job continues the rhetorical question he began in verse 5. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion)

578JOB106zdk30inquire after my iniquity

look to see if I have committed iniquity

579JOB107eu610Connecting Statement:
580JOB107s3k7figs-rquestion0although you know ... from your hand?
581JOB107vzd3figs-synecdoche0from your hand
582JOB108tx92figs-synecdoche0Your hands
583JOB108x1dyfigs-metaphor0Your hands have framed and fashioned me together round about

Job is using a metaphor of a potter forming clay to describe how God carefully created him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

584JOB108p1mlfigs-doublet0framed and fashioned me
585JOB109l83b0Call to mind

Remember

586JOB109zg5j0bring me into dust again

turn me back into dust again

587JOB1010vpu6writing-poetry0General Information:

In these verses, Job uses the language of poetry to describe how God formed him in the womb. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])

588JOB1010h664figs-rquestion0Have you not poured me out like milk and curdled me like cheese?
589JOB1010c2ul0you
590JOB1010wk3h0me
591JOB1011p9pwfigs-metaphor0You have clothed me with skin and flesh
592JOB1011mxm1figs-metaphor0knit me together
593JOB1011hut90sinews

the parts of the body that connect muscles to bones or other body parts and are like tough, white bands or cords

594JOB1012tc2ufigs-abstractnouns0You have granted me life and covenant faithfulness
595JOB1012dt8a0your help

your care

596JOB1012h7infigs-synecdoche0guarded my spirit
597JOB1014zj6t0you would notice it

you would watch me

598JOB1015l6ww0If I have acted wickedly

If I do evil things

599JOB1015vwh20woe to me

how terrible will it be for me

600JOB1015h2scfigs-idiom0lift up my head
601JOB1015yg3e0I am filled with disgrace—see my affliction
602JOB1015amu80I am filled with disgrace
603JOB1015fs2u0disgrace

shame

604JOB1015bu5tfigs-abstractnouns0see my affliction
605JOB1016z3nmfigs-hypo0If my head were lifted up, you would stalk me like a lion
606JOB1016ya75figs-idiom0If my head were lifted up
607JOB1016bss8figs-simile0you would stalk me like a lion

Possible meanings of this simile are 1) God hunts Job like a lion hunts its prey or 2) Job is like a lion being hunted by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

608JOB1016yj7rfigs-irony0again you would show yourself with marvellous acts of power against me

This phrase expresses irony in how God displays his marvelous power by acting to harm Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])

609JOB1017u754figs-metaphor0You bring new witnesses against me

Job's troubles from God are spoken of as if they were people who were witnesses against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

610JOB1017di4rfigs-abstractnouns0increase your anger against me
611JOB1017zs8cfigs-metaphor0you attack me with fresh armies

God sending troubles against Job is spoken of as if God was constantly sending new armies against him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

612JOB1018zk6ffigs-metaphor0brought me out of the womb
613JOB1018n2qlfigs-metaphor0given up my spirit
614JOB1018s56bfigs-synecdoche0and that no eye had ever seen me
615JOB1019bzd20I had never existed

I had never lived

616JOB1019uc370I would have been carried

My body would have been carried

617JOB1020yd2gfigs-rquestion0Are not my days only a few?
618JOB1021f7d8figs-metaphor0the land
619JOB1021i9h6figs-doublet0of darkness and of the shadow of death
620JOB1021zq3v0the shadow of death

See how you translated this in Job 3:5.

621JOB1022xkq9figs-simile0as dark as midnight

The darkness of the place where the spirits of dead people go is compared to the darkness of midnight. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

622JOB1022r9u5figs-litotes0without any order
623JOB1022a8nxfigs-simile0where the light is like midnight
624JOB11introm1vt0

Job 11 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job's friend, Zophar.

Special concepts in this chapter

Zophar's advice

Zophar tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Zophar gives to Job is bad advice. He even questions the character of God. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Rhetorical questions

Zophar uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Zophar's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

625JOB111mbq7translate-names0Zophar the Naamathite
626JOB112cq18figs-rquestion0Should not such a multitude of words be answered?
627JOB112ua2sfigs-rquestion0Should this man, so full of talk, be believed?
628JOB113kgu1figs-rquestion0Should your boasting make others remain silent?
629JOB113s3amfigs-rquestion0When you mock, will no one make you feel ashamed?
630JOB114k2le0My beliefs are pure

My understanding is correct

631JOB114e56ufigs-metaphor0I am blameless in your eyes
632JOB115ii56figs-metonymy0that God would speak ... open his lips against you
633JOB116ca7pfigs-explicit0that he would show ... secrets of wisdom
634JOB116qjk2figs-metaphor0God demands from you less than your iniquity deserves
635JOB117tvp2figs-parallelism0Can you understand God by searching for him? Can you comprehend the Almighty perfectly?
636JOB118n8yifigs-explicit0The matter
637JOB118jhq3figs-parallelism0is as high as heaven ... deeper than Sheol
638JOB118y9spfigs-rquestion0what can you do?
639JOB118hb95figs-rquestion0what can you know?
640JOB119i9xz0Its measure

Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) God's greatness or 2) the greatness of God's wisdom.

641JOB119z6cvfigs-metaphor0is longer than the earth ... wider than the sea

God's greatness or wisdom is spoken of as if it could be measured in distance. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

642JOB1110y4fx0If he ... shuts anyone up

If God ... shuts anyone up in prison

643JOB1110d1jnfigs-abstractnouns0if he calls anyone to judgment
644JOB1110f915figs-rquestion0who can stop him?
645JOB1111gdx6figs-rquestion0does he not notice it?
646JOB1112e8e9figs-abstractnouns0But foolish people have no understanding
647JOB1112jlz1figs-irony0they will get it when a wild donkey gives birth to a man
648JOB1113k56lfigs-metaphor0suppose that you had set your heart right
649JOB1113mm3ctranslate-symaction0had reached out with your hands toward God
650JOB1114t8z8figs-metonymy0suppose that iniquity were in your hand
651JOB1114nt8dfigs-metaphor0but that then you put it far away from you
652JOB1114u5yafigs-personification0did not let unrighteousness live in your tents
653JOB1115db84figs-metonymy0lift up your face without a sign of shame
654JOB1116x6vtfigs-simile0you would remember it only like waters that have flowed away
655JOB1117fqt4figs-parallelism0Your life would ... like the morning.

Zophar repeats the same idea for emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

656JOB1117dkt7figs-metaphor0Your life would be brighter than the noonday
657JOB1117dua9figs-hypo0though there were darkness
658JOB1117s8z7figs-metaphor0it would become like the morning
659JOB1118iqu3figs-parallelism0You would be secure ... take your rest in safety

Zophar repeats the same idea for emphasis and describes the possibility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

660JOB1118f1befigs-idiom0would take your rest in safety
661JOB1119fm2wfigs-parallelism0Also you would lie down in rest ... your favor.

Zophar repeats the same idea for emphasis and describes the possibility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

662JOB1119hc18figs-abstractnouns0you would lie down in rest
663JOB1120s359figs-metaphor0the eyes of wicked people will fail
664JOB12introu4jn0

Job 12 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Zophar.

Special concepts in this chapter

Job's righteousness

Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. His friends, on the other hand, judge Job's case, which Job recognizes to be Yahweh's authority. These three friends therefore try to take God's place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Metaphors

Job uses many different metaphors in this chapter to express his pain or despair. He is also upset with the advice of his friends, who are supposed to help him during difficult times. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

Rhetorical questions

Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Zophar that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

665JOB122dpz4figs-irony0No doubt you are the people; wisdom will die with you
666JOB122ba960No doubt

Surely

667JOB122dk3zfigs-you0you

This is plural in verses 2 and 3. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

668JOB122xl1k0you are the people

you are the important people who know everything

669JOB123kd9kfigs-rquestion0Indeed, who does not know such things as these?
670JOB124qdq1writing-connectingwords0I am something for my neighbor to laugh at—I, one who called on God and who was answered by him!
671JOB124f67dwriting-connectingwords0I, a just and blameless man—I am now something to laugh at
672JOB125cg28figs-abstractnouns0In the thought of someone who is at ease, there is contempt for misfortune
673JOB125j6phfigs-metaphor0brings more misfortune
674JOB125z8zafigs-metaphor0to those whose foot is slipping
675JOB126rn8lfigs-metonymy0The tents of robbers prosper
676JOB126j8fdfigs-metonymy0their own hands are their gods
677JOB127c1y7figs-irony0But now ask the beasts ... the birds ... they will tell you

Job is saying that the beasts and the birds understand God better than Job's friends do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])

678JOB127t82wfigs-you0you
679JOB127de2xfigs-imperative0But now ask the beasts, and they will teach you
680JOB127ee93figs-imperative0ask the birds of the heavens, and they will tell you
681JOB128g5xsfigs-irony0speak to the earth ... will declare to you

Job is saying that the beasts, the birds, the earth, and the fish understand God better than Job's friends do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])

682JOB128k4cafigs-imperative0Or speak to the earth, and it will teach you
683JOB128bjf6figs-ellipsis0the fish of the sea will declare to you
684JOB129hu2yfigs-rquestion0Which animal among all these does not know ... this?
685JOB129tht3figs-metonymy0the hand of Yahweh has done this
686JOB1210tx1wfigs-metonymy0In his hand is the life ... and the breath of all mankind
687JOB1210s1srfigs-metonymy0the breath of all mankind
688JOB1211d5vnfigs-rquestion0Does not the ear test words just as the palate tastes its food?
689JOB1212v4ftfigs-abstractnouns0With aged men is wisdom
690JOB1212lhn1figs-abstractnouns0in length of days is understanding
691JOB1213mmb70General Information:

Verse 13 says that God is wise and mighty. The rest of this chapter shows that this is true by telling about the wise and mighty things that God does.

692JOB1213tw4vfigs-abstractnouns0With God are wisdom and might
693JOB1214aq2d0See
694JOB1214v1ptfigs-activepassive0it cannot be built again
695JOB1214c4ebfigs-abstractnouns0if he imprisons someone, there can be no release
696JOB1215pl3cfigs-metaphor0if he withholds the waters, they dry up
697JOB1215rel2figs-metaphor0if he sends them out, they overwhelm the land
698JOB1216gqf6figs-abstractnouns0With him are strength and wisdom
699JOB1216uuh80people who are deceived and the deceiver are both in his power
700JOB1217lk8bfigs-metaphor0He leads counselors away barefoot

Leading counselors away barefoot represents taking away their wisdom and authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

701JOB1217ux12figs-abstractnouns0in sorrow
702JOB1217uu390he turns judges into fools

he makes judges become foolish

703JOB1218w5lcfigs-metonymy0He takes off the chain of authority from kings
704JOB1218p4c4figs-metonymy0he wraps a cloth about their waists
705JOB1219mkn4figs-metaphor0He leads priests away barefoot

Leading priests away barefoot represents taking away their authority. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

706JOB1219wut2figs-abstractnouns0in sorrow
707JOB1219ch3f0overthrows mighty people

defeats powerful people

708JOB1220g3nafigs-metonymy0He removes the speech of those who had been trusted
709JOB1220dk1efigs-metonymy0takes away the understanding of the elders
710JOB1220gm4d0the elders

Possible meanings are 1) the older people or 2) the leaders.

711JOB1221l74efigs-metaphor0He pours contempt upon princes
712JOB1221k6sgfigs-metaphor0unfastens the belt of strong people
713JOB1222c31pfigs-metaphor0He reveals the deep things of darkness
714JOB1222bqc1figs-metaphor0brings deep shadows into the light
715JOB1223zzy80He enlarges nations
716JOB1223dkw2figs-metonymy0he also leads them along as prisoners
717JOB1224n4tafigs-metaphor0He takes away understanding from the leaders of the people of the earth
718JOB1224w1refigs-metaphor0to wander in a wilderness where there is no path
719JOB1225x7t2figs-metaphor0They grope in the dark without light
720JOB1225a21ufigs-simile0he makes them stagger like a drunk man
721JOB13introx1ub0

Job 13 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Zophar. It also contains Job's claim of righteousness to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Job's righteousness

Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. His friends, on the other hand, judge Job's case, which Job recognizes to be Yahweh's authority. These three friends therefore try to take God's place. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Rhetorical questions

Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Zophar that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's response. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

722JOB131i5ce0Connecting Statement:

Job continues to speak to his friends.

723JOB131i4pc0See
724JOB131d8w1figs-synecdoche0my eye has seen all this
725JOB131q1yifigs-synecdoche0my ear has heard and understood it
726JOB132cq6c0What you know, the same I also know
727JOB133lcm50Connecting Statement:

Job continues to speak to his friends.

728JOB133mx6r0I wish to reason with God

Job's friends are judging him, but they not speaking the truth. Job would rather argue with God alone about his complaint.

729JOB134f979figs-metaphor0you whitewash the truth with lies
730JOB134p89cfigs-metaphor0you are all physicians of no value
731JOB135gp7ifigs-idiom0hold your peace
732JOB135t33jfigs-abstractnouns0That would be your wisdom
733JOB136ezt50Connecting Statement:

Job continues to speak to his friends.

734JOB136v78ifigs-synecdoche0listen to the pleading of my own lips
735JOB137scy3figs-rquestion0Will you speak unrighteously ... deceitfully for him?
736JOB137gc760talk deceitfully
737JOB138x6cvfigs-rquestion0Will you show him partiality? Will you argue the case for God?
738JOB139i61h0Connecting Statement:

Job continues to speak to his friends.

739JOB139l9wkfigs-rquestion0Will it be good for you when he searches you out?
740JOB139gk9jfigs-rquestion0Could you deceive him as you might deceive men?
741JOB1310ecs90reprove you

rebuke you

742JOB1310g5lz0if in secret you showed partiality
743JOB1311bx5e0Connecting Statement:

Job continues to speak to his friends.

744JOB1311j11vfigs-rquestion0Will not his majesty terrify you, and the dread of him fall upon you?
745JOB1311e6x9figs-metaphor0and the dread of him fall upon you
746JOB1312s8nyfigs-metaphor0Your memorable sayings are proverbs made of ashes
747JOB1312brf8figs-metaphor0your defenses are defenses made of clay
748JOB1312pt190your defenses

Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) what they say to defend themselves or 2) what they say to defend God.

749JOB1313ygn90Connecting Statement:

Job continues to speak to his friends.

750JOB1313i6h6figs-idiom0Hold your peace
751JOB1313wau3figs-idiom0let me alone
752JOB1313vp1hfigs-metaphor0let come what may on me
753JOB1314wk5ufigs-metonymy0I will take my own flesh ... in my hands
754JOB1316t8zh0Connecting Statement:

Job finishes speaking to his friends and begins to address God directly.

755JOB1316e8gkfigs-abstractnouns0This will be the reason for my deliverance
756JOB1317ppd90God, listen carefully

Job begins directing his speech directly to God.

757JOB1317z88nfigs-parallelism0listen carefully to my speech; let my declaration come to your ears

These two lines mean basically the same thing and intensify Job's request for God to listen to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

758JOB1317g1xrfigs-abstractnouns0let my declaration come to your ears
759JOB1318dj3q0Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking to God.

760JOB1318y2bk0See now
761JOB1318mb7wfigs-metaphor0I have set my defense in order
762JOB1319u63cfigs-rquestion0Who is the one who would argue against me in court?
763JOB1319t9jj0If you came to do so

If you came to argue against me

764JOB1319v85m0If you
765JOB1319r79sfigs-activepassive0if I were proved wrong
766JOB1319b4n5figs-metaphor0give up my life
767JOB1320y87x0Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking to God.

768JOB1320yzd3figs-synecdoche0from your face
769JOB1321l5nnfigs-metonymy0withdraw your oppressive hand
770JOB1321w19tfigs-metonymy0do not let your terrors make me afraid
771JOB1323adu20Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking to God.

772JOB1324vm5jfigs-rquestion0Why do you hide ... like your enemy?

Job asks this question to complain about how God is treating him. He probably hopes for an answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

773JOB1324i7qifigs-metaphor0you hide your face from me
774JOB1325xm7ffigs-rquestion0Will you persecute ... pursue dry stubble?
775JOB1326ta4y0Connecting Statement:

Job finishes presenting his case to God.

776JOB1326h6dcfigs-metaphor0For you write down bitter things against me
777JOB1326bc79figs-metaphor0you make me inherit the iniquities of my youth
778JOB1326l6wjfigs-abstractnouns0the iniquities of my youth
779JOB1327l4hhfigs-metaphor0You also put my feet in the stocks
780JOB1327lk930the stocks

Possible meanings are 1) a frame that holds a prisoner's feet in place so that he cannot move at all or 2) chains around a prisoner's feet that make it hard for him to walk. These are used as a form of punishment.

781JOB1327v659figs-metaphor0all my paths
782JOB1327x3kdfigs-synecdoche0you examine the ground where the soles of my feet have walked
783JOB1327l15nfigs-metaphor0you examine the ground where the soles of my feet have walked
784JOB1328mlj8figs-simile0like a rotten thing that wastes away

Job compares his life to something that is decaying. He is slowly dying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

785JOB1328fq5kfigs-simile0like a garment that moths have eaten

Job compares himself to clothes that are full of holes because the moths have eaten parts of it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

786JOB14introt3210

Job 14 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's claim of righteousness being presented to Yahweh. It also has an abrupt shift in tone. Rather than being hopeful, Job laments. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Resurrection

The events of Job occurred long before the Old Testament was written. Therefore, he likely had very little direct revelation about Yahweh. The resurrection of the dead was apparently not well-known during Job's day. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/reveal]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Rhetorical questions

Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in his appeal to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

787JOB141g34y0General Information:

This chapter continues Job's speech, which started in Job 12:1. Job is speaking to God.

788JOB141d6infigs-gendernotations0Man, who is born of woman

This refers to all people, both men and women; all are born into this world. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]])

789JOB141u162figs-hyperbole0lives only a few days
790JOB141pfe3figs-explicit0is full of trouble
791JOB142bgr2figs-simile0He sprouts from the ground like a flower and is cut down

Like the life of a flower, a person's life is short and is easily killed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

792JOB142w4bbfigs-simile0he flees like a shadow and does not last

A person's short life is compared to a shadow that disappears quickly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

793JOB143tkx9figs-rquestion0Do you look at any of these?
794JOB143inl90look at
795JOB143fg87figs-rquestion0Do you bring me into judgment with you?
796JOB144nf8f0General Information:

Job continues speaking to God.

797JOB144pls1figs-rquestion0Who can bring something clean out of something unclean? No one
798JOB145fm5bfigs-activepassive0Man's days are determined
799JOB145iz79figs-metonymy0The number of his months is with you
800JOB145jij3figs-metaphor0you have appointed his limits that he cannot pass
801JOB146w4rx0hired man

a man who is hired to do a job and goes home afterwards

802JOB147l8i1figs-abstractnouns0There can be hope for a tree
803JOB147ezr10it might sprout again

it might start growing again

804JOB147jj4ifigs-metaphor0so that its tender stalk does not disappear
805JOB148u25b0Though

Even if

806JOB148cqw20stump

the part of the tree that remains sticking out of the ground after someone has cut down most of the tree

807JOB149f92cfigs-personification0even if it only smells water
808JOB149dav40it will bud

it will start growing

809JOB149bx2ifigs-personification0send out branches like a plant
810JOB1410wz2afigs-rquestion0then where is he?
811JOB1411jp780Connecting Statement:
812JOB1411dug9figs-simile0As water disappears from a lake ... dries up

Water that has dried up from a lake or a river cannot return, and once a person dies or grows old, he cannot become young again. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

813JOB1412f32z0Connecting Statement:

Job finishes comparing growing old and dying with water drying up (verse 11).

814JOB1412a5nlfigs-metaphor0so people lie down
815JOB1412h4i1figs-metaphor0do not rise again
816JOB1413wd650General Information:

Job continues speaking to God.

817JOB1413w12ifigs-exclamations0Oh, that you would hide me
818JOB1413is2h0keep me in private
819JOB1413km9hfigs-idiom0call me to mind
820JOB1414u755figs-rquestion0If a man dies, will he live again?
821JOB1414a2dmfigs-explicit0If so
822JOB1414he340to wait all my weary time there

to wait all my time there even though I would be weary

823JOB1414ws2yfigs-abstractnouns0until my release should come
824JOB1415vrv70General Information:

Job continues speaking to God.

825JOB1415tbe80I would answer

I would do what you wanted me to do

826JOB1415d3u1figs-abstractnouns0You would have a desire for
827JOB1415j3fpfigs-metonymy0for the work of your hands
828JOB1416k7q4figs-hendiadys0number and care for
829JOB1416q9vmfigs-metonymy0my footsteps
830JOB1416bay1figs-metaphor0you would not keep track of my sin
831JOB1417zvn3figs-parallelism0My transgression would be ... you would cover up

These three lines express the same thought and are used together to emphasize his confidence that God would forgive him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

832JOB1417cby4figs-metaphor0My transgression would be sealed up in a bag
833JOB1417qe5ifigs-metaphor0you would cover up my iniquity
834JOB1418n4gl0General Information:

Job continues speaking to God.

835JOB1418hga3figs-doublet0mountains fall and come to nothing
836JOB1418h2q3figs-activepassive0rocks are moved out of their place
837JOB1419nc2afigs-simile0Like this, you destroy the hope of man
838JOB1419dj8qfigs-metaphor0you destroy the hope of man
839JOB1419usl5figs-abstractnouns0the hope of man
840JOB1420lnf70General Information:

Job continues speaking to God.

841JOB1420q4my0You always defeat him
842JOB1420uah1figs-euphemism0he passes away
843JOB1420p3dh0you change his face

Possible meanings are 1) the pain just before dying makes his face contract or 2) when a person dies, God makes the person's face look different.

844JOB1420lq7ffigs-metaphor0send him away to die

This represents causing him to die. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

845JOB1421m7cwfigs-metaphor0if they are brought low
846JOB15introp4sy0

Job 15 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job's friend, Eliphaz. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke.

Special concepts in this chapter

Eliphaz's advice

Eliphaz tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Eliphaz gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Rhetorical questions

Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Eliphaz's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

847JOB151v5mbtranslate-names0Eliphaz the Temanite

This is the name of a man. People from Teman are known as Temanites. See how you translated this in Job 2:11. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

848JOB152mw8hfigs-rquestion0Should a wise man answer with useless knowledge and fill himself with the east wind?
849JOB152hd46figs-metaphor0fill himself with the east wind
850JOB152h7680the east wind
851JOB153mka2figs-rquestion0Should he reason with unprofitable talk or with speeches with which he can do no good?
852JOB154kfj80you diminish respect for God
853JOB154k1xg0diminish

make smaller

854JOB154fz3c0you obstruct devotion to him
855JOB154f5pv0obstruct

block someone's path

856JOB154p5a30devotion to
857JOB155t4nvfigs-personification0your iniquity teaches your mouth
858JOB155el6qfigs-synecdoche0your mouth
859JOB155tt4gfigs-metonymy0to have the tongue of a crafty man
860JOB155gfb60crafty man

man who harms others by lying to them

861JOB156j5ybfigs-synecdoche0Your own mouth condemns you, not mine
862JOB156l5gvfigs-synecdoche0your own lips testify
863JOB157rl1yfigs-parallelism0General Information:

Each verse is a parallelism that contains two rhetorical questions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

864JOB157dpx3figs-rquestion0Are you the first man that was born?
865JOB157a7jqfigs-rquestion0Were you brought into existence before the hills?
866JOB157v4jtfigs-activepassive0Were you brought
867JOB158s4d8figs-rquestion0Have you heard the secret knowledge of God?
868JOB158z3rgfigs-rquestion0Do you limit wisdom to yourself?
869JOB159afn9figs-rquestion0What do you know that we do not know?
870JOB159dt5nfigs-rquestion0What do you understand that is not also in us?
871JOB1510e1wmfigs-metaphor0With us are both the gray-headed and the very aged men
872JOB1511w8rr0Are the consolations of God ... gentle toward you?
873JOB1511lg220consolations
874JOB1512bbd3figs-metonymy0Why does your heart carry you away?
875JOB1512c87rfigs-explicit0Why do your eyes flash
876JOB1513q3szfigs-synecdoche0turn your spirit
877JOB1513v2f5figs-explicit0bring out such words from your mouth
878JOB1514ha68figs-parallelism0What is man ... What is he who is born

These two questions are basically the same and are used together to emphasize that a man cannot be perfect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

879JOB1514n6c7figs-rquestion0What is man that he should be clean?
880JOB1514u6txfigs-metaphor0clean

A person who God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

881JOB1514z1zlfigs-rquestion0What is he who is born of a woman that he should be righteous?
882JOB1515iv3b0See
883JOB1515h3580his holy ones

his angels

884JOB1515pd53figs-metaphor0clean

Something that God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if it were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

885JOB1515q77ffigs-metaphor0in his sight
886JOB1516gt36figs-doublet0abominable and corrupt

These two words basically mean the same thing and emphasize how wicked humans are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

887JOB1516we5gfigs-metaphor0who drinks iniquity like water
888JOB1517fks4figs-idiom0I will show you
889JOB1517qvd80I will announce

I will declare

890JOB1518q3ucfigs-litotes0their ancestors did not hide
891JOB1519yjj4figs-activepassive0to whom alone the land was given
892JOB1519psj1figs-explicit0among whom no stranger ever passed
893JOB1520q88x0twists in pain
894JOB1520caz3figs-activepassive0the number of years that are laid up
895JOB1520s474figs-idiom0that are laid up
896JOB1521fj8p0A sound of terrors is in his ears

He constantly hears sounds that terrify him

897JOB1522ep910Connecting Statement:

Eliphaz continues describing the wicked man he began to describe in Job 15:20.

898JOB1522i3pkfigs-idiom0return out of darkness
899JOB1522lh1ifigs-metonymy0the sword waits for him
900JOB1523k4qmfigs-synecdoche0for bread
901JOB1523ul3lfigs-idiom0the day of darkness
902JOB1523gu8gfigs-idiom0is at hand
903JOB1524vur7figs-doublet0Distress and anguish make him afraid; they prevail against him
904JOB1524e7mb0prevail against
905JOB1524tg34figs-simile0as a king ready for battle
906JOB1525uuk8translate-symaction0he has reached out with his hand against God
907JOB1526sx7vfigs-metaphor0runs at God
908JOB1526b87u0with a thick shield

with his strong shield

909JOB1527uc390This is true
910JOB1527db71figs-irony0he has covered his face with his fat and gathered fat on his loins
911JOB1528ki370which no man inhabits

which are abandoned

912JOB1528r6h80heaps

piles of useless things

913JOB1529r891figs-litotes0He will not be rich; his wealth will not last
914JOB1530jpq7figs-metonymy0out of darkness
915JOB1530pm4afigs-metaphor0a flame will dry up his stalks
916JOB1530a9hafigs-metonymy0the breath of God's mouth
917JOB1530rxv1figs-euphemism0he will go away
918JOB1531lr37figs-ellipsis0for uselessness will be his reward
919JOB1532s26kfigs-metaphor0his branch will not be green
920JOB1533nci7figs-parallelism0He will drop his ... he will cast off his

These two lines give a similar image, which is repeated to emphasize that this will surely happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

921JOB1533beb8figs-metaphor0He will drop his unripe grapes like a grapevine
922JOB1533g676figs-metaphor0he will cast off his flowers like the olive tree
923JOB1534rr5n0the company of godless people

the group of godless people

924JOB1534v3q1figs-possession0fire will consume their tents of bribery
925JOB1535x22kfigs-parallelism0They conceive mischief and give birth to iniquity; their womb conceives deceit
926JOB1535u7sbfigs-synecdoche0their womb conceives
927JOB16introj3zc0

Job 16 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Eliphaz.

Special concepts in this chapter

Job's response

Job expresses shock and disgust at the advice Eliphaz gives to him. He even mocks Eliphaz. He describes the difficulties of his circumstances but never curses Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])

Advocate

Job describes the need for someone to intercede for him in heaven. This person would be his advocate and provide a witness for him. Although this is probably not intended as a prophecy, it closely parallels the way Jesus intercedes for people in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/intercede]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])

928JOB162t7wj0you are all miserable comforters

instead of comforting me, you all make me more miserable

929JOB163p7gafigs-rquestion0Will useless words ever have an end?
930JOB163g4tpfigs-rquestion0What is wrong with you that you answer like this?
931JOB164mg21figs-metaphor0I could collect and join words together
932JOB164bv7stranslate-symaction0shake my head

This is an action that shows disapproval. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

933JOB164x2nqfigs-abstractnouns0in mockery
934JOB165dvh6figs-metonymy0I would strengthen you with my mouth, and the quivering of my lips will bring you relief!
935JOB165qj4hfigs-metonymy0with my mouth
936JOB165yyv5figs-metonymy0the quivering of my lips
937JOB165i21ifigs-metaphor0will bring you relief
938JOB166vjz70grief
939JOB166s8sffigs-rquestion0how am I helped?
940JOB167t7qh0But now, God, you

Job now turns his complaining to God.

941JOB167mrz60made all my family desolate

destroyed all my family

942JOB168z1f4figs-explicit0You have made me dry up
943JOB168pz4yfigs-personification0which itself is a witness against me
944JOB168t163figs-personification0the leanness of my body rises up against me, and it testifies against
945JOB168wiw6figs-synecdoche0against my face
946JOB169a6fefigs-metaphor0God has torn me in his wrath and persecuted me ... as he tears me apart
947JOB169crc60my enemy
948JOB169c555figs-idiom0fastens his eyes on me
949JOB1610i21w0People have gaped with open mouth
950JOB1611j7refigs-parallelism0hands me over to ungodly people, and throws me into the hands of wicked people

These two lines mean basically the same thing. Together they emphasize Job's feeling of having been betrayed by God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

951JOB1611mm84figs-idiom0hands me over to
952JOB1611zm7gfigs-metonymy0throws me into the hands
953JOB1612t8kcfigs-metaphor0and he broke me apart
954JOB1612k9u5figs-metaphor0dashed me to pieces
955JOB1612nt7zfigs-metaphor0he has also set me up as his target
956JOB1613kx4dfigs-metaphor0His archers surround me all around
957JOB1613e7bpfigs-metaphor0God pierces my kidneys and does not spare me; he pours out my bile on the ground
958JOB1614lx7ffigs-metaphor0He smashes through my wall
959JOB1614r9mdfigs-metaphor0he runs upon me like a warrior
960JOB1615cnt2figs-metaphor0I have sewn sackcloth on my skin
961JOB1615hil8figs-metaphor0I have thrust my horn into the ground
962JOB1616l1idfigs-synecdoche0on my eyelids is the shadow of death
963JOB1617cs74figs-metonymy0there is no violence in my hands
964JOB1618xf2zfigs-apostrophe0Earth, do not cover up my blood
965JOB1618aj18figs-metonymy0Earth, do not cover up my blood
966JOB1618bg2ufigs-personification0let my cry have no resting place
967JOB1619kg4r0see
968JOB1619z7js0vouches for me

testifies that I am righteous

969JOB1619dhm2figs-idiom0on high
970JOB1620b5wz0scoff at
971JOB1620v43gfigs-hyperbole0my eye pours out tears
972JOB1621izh8figs-123person0for this man
973JOB1621kk12figs-simile0as a man does with his neighbor!
974JOB1622z81vfigs-explicit0I will go to a place
975JOB17intrors6g0

Job 17 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Eliphaz, but it is more directly addressed to Yahweh.

Special concepts in this chapter

Job's grief

Job expresses grief or great sadness in this chapter. He awaits the justice and intercession of Yahweh as he awaits his own death. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/intercede]])

Advocate

Job describes the need for someone to intercede for him in heaven. This person would be his advocate and provide a witness for him. Although this is probably not intended as a prophecy, it closely parallels the way Jesus intercedes for people in heaven. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])

976JOB171a9930General Information:

Job continues to speak.

977JOB171c8r6figs-synecdoche0My spirit is consumed
978JOB171yjx40my days are over
979JOB171awv1figs-personification0the grave is ready for me
980JOB172z26q0Surely there are mockers with me

Those who are around me are mocking me

981JOB172jf810Surely
982JOB172wp1hfigs-synecdoche0my eye must always see
983JOB172wr6qfigs-abstractnouns0their provocation
984JOB173fwk5figs-metaphor0Give now a pledge, be a guarantee for me with yourself
985JOB173l8dvfigs-rquestion0who else is there who will help me?
986JOB174mbj80General Information:

Job continues to speak.

987JOB174fbr7figs-synecdoche0have kept their hearts
988JOB174y4ne0you will not exalt them over me

you will not allow them to triumph over me

989JOB175yxa40He who

Anyone who

990JOB175kb8z0denounces his friends for a reward
991JOB175i5psfigs-synecdoche0the eyes of his children will fail
992JOB176bm2l0General Information:

Job continues to speak.

993JOB176kzr9figs-explicit0he has made me a byword of the people
994JOB176me7ltranslate-symaction0they spit in my face
995JOB177a9ipfigs-metonymy0My eye is also dim because of sorrow
996JOB177my86figs-simile0all my body parts are as thin as shadows
997JOB177pis4figs-hyperbole0all my body parts
998JOB178cqh30will be stunned
999JOB178u28k0by this

by what has happened to me

1000JOB178g1f9figs-idiom0will stir himself up against
1001JOB179ib950General Information:

Job continues to speak.

1002JOB179r9ayfigs-idiom0will keep to his way
1003JOB179lqi9figs-metaphor0he who has clean hands
1004JOB179lx6m0will grow stronger and stronger

This does not refer only to physical strength but also to the strength of a person's will and emotions.

1005JOB1710e43i0you all

Job is speaking to Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar.

1006JOB1710e7nvfigs-explicit0come on now
1007JOB1711uk6q0General Information:

Job continues to speak.

1008JOB1711nba8figs-idiom0My days are past
1009JOB1711f9nnfigs-metonymy0my plans are shattered, and so are the desires of my heart
1010JOB1712m4j6figs-doublet0These people, these mockers

These two phrases refer to the same people, namely Job's friends, Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar. The second phrase emphasizes their unfriendly attitude. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

1011JOB1712m8i8figs-metaphor0change the night into day
1012JOB1712fif1figs-explicit0light is near to darkness
1013JOB1713iy1d0General Information:

Job continues to speak.

1014JOB1713pj8ifigs-hypo0If the only home ... and if I have spread
1015JOB1713h88cfigs-metaphor0have spread my couch in the darkness
1016JOB1713kx3d0have spread my couch

have made my bed

1017JOB1714m7hffigs-hypo0if I have said
1018JOB1714ud6ffigs-parallelism0I have said to the pit ... and to the worm

These two lines are a variation to each other and are used together to emphasize how desperate Job is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1019JOB1714z4yk0the pit

the grave

1020JOB1714uwb3figs-metaphor0You are my father
1021JOB1714nrr30the worm
1022JOB1714e6lbfigs-metaphor0You are my mother or my sister
1023JOB1715zb7dfigs-rquestion0where then is my hope?
1024JOB1715g6bvfigs-rquestion0As for my hope, who can see any?
1025JOB1716h77pfigs-rquestion0Will hope go down with me ... dust?
1026JOB1716yx83figs-metaphor0gates of Sheol
1027JOB1716ajw50when we
1028JOB1716z16efigs-idiom0descend to the dust
1029JOB18introqk5f0

Job 18 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job's friend, Bildad. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke, and he is even angry at Job.

Special concepts in this chapter

Bildad's advice

Bildad tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Bildad gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])

1030JOB181g41kwriting-poetry0General Information:

Bildad the Shuhite is speaking to Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]

1031JOB181b2sb0Then Bildad the Shuhite answered and said
1032JOB182b4enfigs-rquestion0When will you stop your talk?
1033JOB182jpp10Consider, and
1034JOB183ejb10General Information:

Bildad continues speaking to Job.

1035JOB183b16nfigs-rquestion0Why are we regarded as beasts, stupid in your sight?
1036JOB183myx4figs-exclusive0Why are we
1037JOB183v7r1figs-metonymy0regarded

Regarding, looking, is a metonym here for thinking well or badly of someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1038JOB183yk9ufigs-metaphor0in your sight
1039JOB183pdy5figs-123person0your sight
1040JOB184zm4pfigs-explicit0You who tear at yourself in your anger
1041JOB184ug9ifigs-rquestion0should the earth be forsaken for you or should the rocks be removed out of their places?
1042JOB184r5lgfigs-activepassive0should the earth be forsaken
1043JOB184zyh5figs-activepassive0should the rocks be removed out of their places
1044JOB185qn5v0General Information:

Bildad continues speaking to Job.

1045JOB185e2fifigs-metaphor0Indeed, the light of the wicked person will be put out; the spark of his fire will not shine
1046JOB185d868figs-activepassive0will be put out
1047JOB186uj2tfigs-metaphor0The light will be dark in his tent; his lamp above him will be put out
1048JOB187ku320General Information:

Bildad continues to describe the wicked person.

1049JOB187fxl3figs-metaphor0The steps of his strength will be made short
1050JOB187bgk5figs-metaphor0his own plans will cast him down
1051JOB188t3iwfigs-metaphor0For he will be thrown into a net by his own feet; he will walk into a pitfall
1052JOB188fl110a net

cords or ropes that people weave together to create a mesh. People used nets to catch animals.

1053JOB188wa1n0a pitfall

a pit that has branches and leaves over it so that an animal will walk onto the branches and leaves and fall into the pit

1054JOB189p9gzfigs-parallelism0General Information:

Bildad continues to speak and uses three parallel images to describe how suddenly the wicked person will experience disaster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1055JOB189t6fvfigs-metaphor0A trap will take him ... a snare will
1056JOB189jr8g0A trap

People used this kind of trap to catch birds. The trap snapped shut and held on to the foot of the bird.

1057JOB189dnn6figs-synecdoche0will take him by the heel
1058JOB1810u5ykfigs-metaphor0A noose is ... and a trap for him in the way
1059JOB1810q4wxfigs-activepassive0A noose is hidden for him on the ground
1060JOB1810xp420A noose

a rope with a loop that grabs hold of an animal's leg when the animal steps in the middle of the loop

1061JOB1810f193figs-ellipsis0a trap for him
1062JOB1811e8bw0Terrors will make him afraid on every side

Terrors all around will make him afraid

1063JOB1811ln1gfigs-personification0they will chase him at his heels
1064JOB1812r63p0General Information:

Bildad continues to describe the wicked person.

1065JOB1812v7elfigs-metaphor0His wealth will turn into hunger
1066JOB1812zbs5figs-idiom0calamity will be ready at his side
1067JOB1813u5isfigs-activepassive0The parts of his body will be devoured
1068JOB1813mrr7figs-metaphor0the firstborn of death will devour his parts
1069JOB1814ct2u0General Information:

Bildad continues to describe the wicked person.

1070JOB1814m1glfigs-activepassive0He is torn from the safety of his tent
1071JOB1814r3dqfigs-activepassive0marched off
1072JOB1814atl1figs-explicit0the king of terrors
1073JOB1815n4sy0People not his own

People who are not his family

1074JOB1815fpm9figs-activepassive0after they see that sulfur is scattered within his home
1075JOB1816qa6m0General Information:

Bildad continues to describe the wicked person.

1076JOB1816uul5figs-metaphor0His roots will be dried up ... branch be cut off
1077JOB1816u1byfigs-activepassive0will his branch be cut off
1078JOB1817y9j9figs-parallelism0His memory will perish from the earth; he will have no name in the street

These phrases have the same meaning and are used together to emphasize the fact that nobody will remember him after he dies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1079JOB1817m6xwfigs-metaphor0His memory will perish from the earth
1080JOB1817fs6rfigs-idiom0he will have no name in the street
1081JOB1818arw90General Information:

Bildad continues to describe the wicked person.

1082JOB1818k7jufigs-parallelism0He will be driven from light into darkness ... and be chased out of this world

These phrases together emphasize the fact that the wicked person will be sent to Sheol, the place of the dead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1083JOB1818er2mfigs-activepassive0He will be driven from light into darkness
1084JOB1818w8ixfigs-metonymy0from light into darkness
1085JOB1818pgz1figs-metaphor0be chased out of this world
1086JOB1818dr9vfigs-activepassive0be chased out
1087JOB1819u2gafigs-parallelism0He will have no son ... nor any remaining kinfolk where he had stayed

Together these two phrases emphasize that he will have no family or descendants left. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1088JOB1819chi90son's son
1089JOB1819asp30kinfolk

relatives

1090JOB1820wn9yfigs-merism0Those who live in the west ... those who live in the east will be frightened by it
1091JOB1820r4pt0one day

someday

1092JOB1821w31s0General Information:

Bildad continues to describe the wicked person.

1093JOB1821da3sfigs-parallelism0the homes of unrighteous people, the places of those who do not know God
1094JOB19introvq570

Job 19 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Bildad.

Verses 25-27 are very important to this book. They show the great depth of Job's faith in Yahweh after his most difficult time. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])

1095JOB191rlm3writing-poetry0General Information:

See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]

1096JOB191u8kd0Connecting Statement:

Job speaks to his three friends.

1097JOB192xxa9figs-rquestion0How long will you make me suffer and break me into pieces with words?
1098JOB192r3lwfigs-metaphor0break me into pieces with words
1099JOB193k3k90General Information:

Job continues to speak to his three friends.

1100JOB193k4thfigs-idiom0These ten times you have reproached me
1101JOB193uy8e0you are not ashamed that you have treated me harshly
1102JOB193vjt80have treated me harshly
1103JOB194f1ee0have erred
1104JOB194bfn1figs-explicit0my error remains my own concern
1105JOB194fb5f0my error
1106JOB195zw490General Information:

Job continues to speak to his three friends.

1107JOB195z7gm0If indeed you will exalt yourselves above me
1108JOB195ms5yfigs-explicit0use my humiliation against me
1109JOB195tzm1figs-abstractnouns0use my humiliation against me
1110JOB196gb9hfigs-metaphor0has caught me in his net
1111JOB197gh9v0General Information:

Job continues to speak to his three friends.

1112JOB197bp470See, I cry out

Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important: I cry out

1113JOB197zyg9figs-explicit0Violence!
1114JOB197i3lc0I call out for help
1115JOB197i4w8figs-abstractnouns0but there is no justice
1116JOB198dpr7figs-metaphor0He has walled up ... darkness in my path

Job uses these images to describe how God has made him feel helpless and hopeless. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1117JOB198ly9g0He has walled up my way so that I cannot pass
1118JOB199wfj7figs-metaphor0He has stripped ... the crown from my head

Job uses these images to say that God has taken his good reputation, wealth, and dignity away from him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1119JOB199hjr9figs-metaphor0He has stripped me of my glory
1120JOB199rf7sfigs-metaphor0he has taken the crown from my head
1121JOB1910qh540General Information:

Job continues to speak to his three friends.

1122JOB1910tiq1figs-metaphor0He has broken me down on every side
1123JOB1910r4pdfigs-metaphor0I am gone
1124JOB1910jd8wfigs-simile0he has pulled up my hope like a tree
1125JOB1910v64yfigs-simile0like a tree
1126JOB1911p3myfigs-metaphor0He has also kindled his wrath against me
1127JOB1911p3pk0he regards me as one of his adversaries

he thinks of me as an enemy

1128JOB1912wkz6figs-metaphor0His troops come on together
1129JOB1912z3lbfigs-metaphor0they cast up siege mounds against me
1130JOB1912fg89figs-metaphor0encamp around my tent
1131JOB1913yi2e0General Information:

Job continues to speak to his three friends.

1132JOB1913zk2bfigs-metaphor0He has put my brothers far from me
1133JOB1913iv61figs-activepassive0my acquaintances are wholly alienated from me
1134JOB1914m4250My kinsfolk have failed me

My relatives have left me without help

1135JOB1914m7pr0my close friends

my intimate friends

1136JOB1914l2e70have forgotten me
1137JOB1915dh340General Information:

Job continues to speak to his three friends.

1138JOB1915kz750regard me

consider me

1139JOB1915y376figs-metaphor0I am an alien in their sight
1140JOB1916x8ak0but he gives me no answer
1141JOB1916hds8figs-metonymy0although I entreat him with my mouth
1142JOB1916h3pa0entreat him

plead with him

1143JOB1917zq630General Information:

Job continues to speak to his three friends.

1144JOB1917dgg7figs-metonymy0My breath is offensive to my wife
1145JOB1917ufr3figs-explicit0those who were born from my mother's womb
1146JOB1918wi940despise me
1147JOB1918fp7g0they speak against me
1148JOB1919uf7f0All my familiar friends
1149JOB1919c1c60abhor me

think I am disgusting

1150JOB1919t7hn0have turned against me

have betrayed me

1151JOB1920ca6u0General Information:

Job continues to speak to his three friends.

1152JOB1920lt450My bones cling to my skin and to my flesh
1153JOB1920ud4zfigs-idiom0I survive only by the skin of my teeth
1154JOB1921ux630Have pity upon me

Have compassion on me

1155JOB1921tbg5figs-metonymy0for the hand of God has touched me
1156JOB1922g28hfigs-rquestion0Why do you pursue me ... God does?
1157JOB1922c296figs-rquestion0Will you ever be satisfied with my flesh?
1158JOB1922y17ffigs-metaphor0Will you ever be satisfied with my flesh?
1159JOB1923gs1m0General Information:

Job continues to speak to his three friends.

1160JOB1923r9n7figs-exclamations0Oh, that my words were now written down
1161JOB1923llm40my words

what I am saying

1162JOB1923ti7gfigs-exclamations0Oh, that they were inscribed in a book
1163JOB1924a2etfigs-exclamations0Oh, that with an iron pen and lead they were engraved in the rock forever
1164JOB1924gz9c0an iron pen
1165JOB1924nd220lead

Lead is a soft metal. We do not know how people used lead when carving rock. They may have filled the letters of the inscription with lead in order to make the inscription last longer.

1166JOB1925b73i0General Information:

Job continues to speak to his three friends.

1167JOB1925q57z0my Redeemer
1168JOB1925yy3qfigs-metonymy0at last he will stand on the earth
1169JOB1926t5gt0after my skin ... is destroyed

Possible meanings are that this refers to 1) his body being destroyed by disease or 2) his body decaying after he has died.

1170JOB1926p2plfigs-metonymy0in my flesh I will see God
1171JOB1927m1wtfigs-synecdoche0my own eyes—I, and not someone else
1172JOB1927c3pcfigs-metaphor0My heart fails within me
1173JOB1927k566figs-explicit0My heart fails within me

Possible meanings are that 1) Job feels very hopeful, thankful, and happy or 2) Job feels exhausted waiting to see his Redeemer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

1174JOB1928c2c80General Information:

Job continues to speak to his three friends.

1175JOB1928np8pfigs-exclamations0How we will persecute him!

This is an exclamation. Possible meanings are 1) that they will certainly persecute Job or 2) that they will persecute him severely. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclamations]])

1176JOB1928ddd3figs-metaphor0The root of his troubles lies in him
1177JOB1929tw35figs-metonymy0then be afraid of the sword
1178JOB1929t8ggfigs-abstractnouns0because wrath brings the punishment of the sword
1179JOB1929yy9j0brings
1180JOB1929n1i1figs-abstractnouns0there is a judgment
1181JOB20introp78g0

Job 20 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is the advice of Job's friend, Zophar. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke, and he is even angry at Job. He claims that Job took advantage of the poor and is being punished for it.

Special concepts in this chapter

Zophar's advice

Zophar tells Job to curse Yahweh. The advice Zophar gives to Job is bad advice. He tries to convince Job that he is sinning and has been punished by Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Metaphors

There are many metaphors used in this chapter. Zophar uses them to explain the temporary nature of life and riches. He also uses them to describe God's punishment of Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1182JOB201p2920General Information:

Zophar replies to Job.

1183JOB201chh10Zophar the Naamathite
1184JOB202eef1figs-metaphor0My thoughts make me answer quickly
1185JOB202wy6hfigs-abstractnouns0because of the worry that is in me
1186JOB203m5c5figs-abstractnouns0I hear a rebuke that dishonors me
1187JOB203y21q0a spirit from my understanding answers me
1188JOB203pk2sfigs-personification0a spirit from my understanding answers me
1189JOB203dt4lfigs-explicit0a spirit from my understanding answers me
1190JOB203dha7figs-abstractnouns0a spirit from my understanding answers me
1191JOB204sb6w0General Information:

Zophar continues speaking with Job.

1192JOB204um5p0Do you not know this fact from ancient times ... man on earth

Zophar begins a rhetorical question to cause Job to think deeply about what he will now say.

1193JOB205cr4t0Connecting Statement:

Zophar finishes the rhetorical question he began in verse 4.

1194JOB205nhc5figs-rquestion0the triumph ... for a moment?
1195JOB205ubq8figs-abstractnouns0the triumph of a wicked man is short
1196JOB205u62ffigs-abstractnouns0the joy of a godless man lasts only for a moment
1197JOB206tc5t0General Information:

Zophar continues speaking to Job.

1198JOB206jjd5figs-abstractnouns0Though his height reaches up to the heavens
1199JOB206v8z8figs-metaphor0Though his height reaches up to the heavens
1200JOB206by93figs-metaphor0his head reaches to the clouds
1201JOB207b9xvfigs-simile0will perish permanently like his own feces
1202JOB207x122figs-simile0will perish permanently like his own feces
1203JOB208vvz80General Information:

Zophar continues speaking to Job.

1204JOB208sfs40He will

The wicked person will

1205JOB208rep3figs-parallelism0He will fly away like a dream ... he will be chased away like a vision of the night
1206JOB208byk9figs-activepassive0will not be found
1207JOB209xu8tfigs-synecdoche0The eye that saw him
1208JOB209x7cufigs-metonymy0his place
1209JOB2010g9wj0General Information:

Zophar continues speaking to Job.

1210JOB2010v5ee0His children

The wicked person's children

1211JOB2010lji7figs-metonymy0his hands will have to give back his wealth
1212JOB2011re6yfigs-synecdoche0His bones are full of youthful strength
1213JOB2011je7rfigs-metonymy0but it will lie down with him in the dust
1214JOB2012tar10General Information:

Zophar continues speaking to Job.

1215JOB2012w36zfigs-metaphor0Although wickedness is sweet in his mouth
1216JOB2012nj4pfigs-metaphor0although he hides it under his tongue

Zophar speaks of wickedness as if it were sweet food that a person puts under his tongue so it will stay in his mouth and he can taste it for a long time. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1217JOB2013d1n20he holds it there and does not let it go but keeps it still in his mouth

Zophar speaks of wickedness as if it were sweet food that a person puts under his tongue so it will stay in his mouth and he can taste it for a long time. (See: rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor)

1218JOB2014n7jwfigs-metaphor0the food in his intestines turns bitter
1219JOB2014zrn4figs-metaphor0it becomes the poison of asps inside him
1220JOB2014lnj10asps

poisonous snakes

1221JOB2015zpd60General Information:

Zophar continues speaking to Job.

1222JOB2015hs62figs-metaphor0He swallows down riches ... cast them out of his stomach
1223JOB2015r51kfigs-metaphor0He swallows down riches
1224JOB2015t47gfigs-metonymy0God will cast them out of his stomach
1225JOB2015iu2m0cast

throw

1226JOB2016l7ykfigs-metaphor0He will suck the poison of asps
1227JOB2016dg2b0asps

poisonous snakes

1228JOB2016m2pafigs-metonymy0the viper's tongue will kill him
1229JOB2016rf6cfigs-metaphor0the viper's tongue will kill him
1230JOB2017lz1d0General Information:

Zophar continues speaking to Job.

1231JOB2017nb52figs-metaphor0the streams, the torrents of honey and butter
1232JOB2018th8afigs-metaphor0the fruit of his labor
1233JOB2018w9e5figs-metaphor0will not be able to eat it
1234JOB2021e2vtfigs-doublenegatives0There is nothing left that he did not devour
1235JOB2021zi35figs-metaphor0There is nothing left that he did not devour
1236JOB2022k3n20he will fall into trouble

he will suddenly experience trouble

1237JOB2022tq3yfigs-metonymy0the hand of everyone who is in poverty will come against him
1238JOB2023d3ga0General Information:

Zophar continues speaking to Job.

1239JOB2023d4yyfigs-metonymy0to fill his stomach
1240JOB2023kha9figs-metaphor0God will throw the fierceness of his wrath on him
1241JOB2023i6l2figs-metaphor0God will rain it down on him
1242JOB2024x5uwfigs-metonymy0will flee from the iron weapon
1243JOB2024kj9mfigs-metonymy0a bow of bronze will shoot him
1244JOB2025x7rq0liver

This is a large and important part of the body. If someone shoots through it with an arrow, the person who is shot will die.

1245JOB2025puf6figs-metaphor0Terrors come over him
1246JOB2026w5ygfigs-metaphor0Complete darkness is reserved for his treasures
1247JOB2026syj5figs-metaphor0a fire not fanned will devour him
1248JOB2026w47rfigs-explicit0a fire not fanned will devour him
1249JOB2026qsw9figs-metaphor0it will consume
1250JOB2027v1vgfigs-metonymy0The heavens ... the earth

Possible meanings are: 1) those who live in the heavens and the earth or 2) Zophar is describing the heavens and the earth as if they are humans who will testify in court against the wicked person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

1251JOB2028pfc30General Information:

This concludes Zophar's speech to Job.

1252JOB2028u2v70vanish

disappear

1253JOB2028r6s5figs-metaphor0his goods will flow away on
1254JOB2028wi730his goods

his possessions

1255JOB2028e2e8figs-metonymy0the day of God's wrath
1256JOB2029d9w5figs-metaphor0This is the wicked man's portion from God
1257JOB2029a1s8figs-metaphor0the heritage reserved for him by God
1258JOB21introk6tx0

Job 21 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Zophar. It is also a response to all three of his friends in general.

Special concepts in this chapter

Ancestor's sin

In the ancient Near East, it was common to believe that a person could be punished because of the sins of their fathers and ancestors. It was seen as the punishment of a god. While a father's sin may have consequences for their children, Yahweh does not punish people because of their father's sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/believe]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Rhetorical questions

Job uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Zophar that he is wrong. These questions help to build Job's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

1259JOB211l3vp0Connecting Statement:

Job begins to answer Zophar's accusations.

1260JOB213x7gy0Put up with me
1261JOB213w3a4figs-irony0mock on
1262JOB214ztr60Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking to his friends.

1263JOB214d6w5figs-rquestion0As for me, is my complaint to a person? Why should I not be impatient?
1264JOB215lu7qtranslate-symaction0lay your hand upon your mouth
1265JOB216f8uu0trembling seizes my body
1266JOB217suz10Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking to his friends.

1267JOB217i446figs-rquestion0Why do wicked people continue to live, become old, and grow mighty in power?
1268JOB218w7jefigs-parallelism0Their descendants are established with them in their sight ... their offspring are established before their eyes

This two clauses mean the same thing and emphasize that this is true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1269JOB218n4npfigs-parallelism0in their sight ... before their eyes
1270JOB219e8z5figs-metonymy0Their houses
1271JOB219u9sbfigs-metonymy0rod of God

This refers to God's punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1272JOB2110v7y40Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking to his friends.

1273JOB2110za7c0does not lose her calf prematurely
1274JOB2111f9aefigs-simile0little ones like a flock

Job compares these children to lambs to emphasize that they run, play, and are happy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

1275JOB2112w5nftranslate-unknown0tambourine

a musical instrument with a head like a drum that can be hit and with pieces of metal around the side that sound when the instrument is shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

1276JOB2113elg80Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking with his friends.

1277JOB2113s7tf0their days

their lifetime

1278JOB2113bx7ufigs-euphemism0they go down quietly to Sheol
1279JOB2114fm9x0your ways

This refers to how God wants people to behave.

1280JOB2115k5g5figs-rquestion0What is the Almighty, that we should worship him? What advantage would we get if we prayed to him?
1281JOB2116ke4m0Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking to his friends.

1282JOB2116t984figs-metonymy0See, is not their prosperity in their own hands?
1283JOB2117d4mwfigs-rquestion0How often is it ... their calamity comes upon them?
1284JOB2117c9nnfigs-metaphor0the lamp of wicked people is put out
1285JOB2117g7clfigs-metaphor0the lamp of wicked people

Job compares the life of the wicked to a lamp that is burning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1286JOB2117bmg2figs-rquestion0How often does it happen ... in his anger?
1287JOB2118lhr9figs-rquestion0How often is it ... the storm carries away?
1288JOB2118a6g9figs-simile0they become like stubble before the wind or like chaff that the storm carries away
1289JOB2119sac10Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking to his friends.

1290JOB2119gwj50You say

These words are added by most versions in order to make it clear that the Job is quoting his friends in the next statement.

1291JOB2119ev9vfigs-metaphor0God lays up one's guilt for his children to pay
1292JOB2119iyl4figs-explicit0Let him pay it himself, ... know his guilt
1293JOB2120j2utfigs-synecdoche0Let his eyes see
1294JOB2120wq4yfigs-metaphor0let him drink of the wrath of the Almighty

Here the wrath of God is spoken of as if it were a drink that a person can taste, and tasting is a metonym for experiencing the drink. Job wants the wicked person to experience God's punishment. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

1295JOB2121vtu2figs-rquestion0For what does he care about his family after him when the number of his months is cut off?
1296JOB2121rky2figs-euphemism0the number of his months is cut off

This is a polite way of saying that he dies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])

1297JOB2121m58j0the number of his months

This refers to the length of his life.

1298JOB2122yte90Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking to his friends.

1299JOB2122ail2figs-rquestion0Can anyone teach God knowledge since he judges even those who are high?
1300JOB2122x9p80those who are high
1301JOB2123krv3figs-explicit0One man dies in his full strength
1302JOB2124mli3figs-parallelism0His body is full of milk ... the marrow of his bones is moist

Both of these phrases mean that the person is very healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1303JOB2124sa7qfigs-idiom0His body is full of milk
1304JOB2124uug7figs-idiom0the marrow of his bones is moist

This idiom means his body is youthful and healthy. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

1305JOB2125k7cw0Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking to his friends.

1306JOB2125s5ge0Another man dies

Job contrasts this man to the man who dies in peace in Job 21:23.

1307JOB2125m7zqfigs-metaphor0in bitterness of soul
1308JOB2125xpm30has never experienced anything good
1309JOB2126fc95figs-euphemism0They lie down alike in the dust
1310JOB2126tyf2figs-explicit0the worms cover them both
1311JOB2127veu90Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking to his friends.

1312JOB2127jy5r0See
1313JOB2128n1y2figs-rquestion0Where now is the house of the prince? Where is the tent in which the wicked man once lived?
1314JOB2129czd40Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking to his friends.

1315JOB2129asa9figs-rquestion0Have you never asked traveling people?
1316JOB2130q7hn0Connecting Statement:
1317JOB2130x25qfigs-rquestion0the wicked man is kept ... from the day of wrath?
1318JOB2130wy2efigs-activepassive0the wicked man is kept from the day of calamity ... he is led away from the day of wrath
1319JOB2131ri980Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking to his friends.

1320JOB2131b6yhfigs-rquestion0Who will condemn the wicked man's way to his face?
1321JOB2131wlf1figs-idiom0to his face

This means no one will go directly to the wicked person and condemn him personally. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

1322JOB2131wn61figs-rquestion0Who will repay him for what he has done?
1323JOB2132g68afigs-activepassive0he will be borne
1324JOB2133eqt1figs-synecdoche0The clods of the valley will be sweet to him
1325JOB2133p9wdfigs-hypo0all people will follow after him, as there were innumerable people before him
1326JOB2134aa8a0Connecting Statement:

This concludes Job's speech to his friends.

1327JOB2134j6yyfigs-rquestion0How then do you comfort me with nonsense, since in your answers there is nothing but falsehood?
1328JOB22introm13v0

Job 22 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job's friend, Eliphaz. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke.

Special concepts in this chapter

Repentance

Eliphaz tries to get Job to repent in this chapter. Eliphaz assumes that he is righteous, while assuming Job is not. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Rhetorical questions

Eliphaz uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Eliphaz's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

1329JOB221cea8translate-names0Eliphaz the Temanite

See how you translated this man's name in Job 2:11. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1330JOB222r9kdfigs-parallelism0Can a man be useful to God? Can a wise man be useful to him?
1331JOB223h3pefigs-parallelism0Is it any pleasure to the Almighty if you are righteous? Is it gain to him if you make your ways blameless?
1332JOB224g1nn0Connecting Statement:

Eliphaz continues speaking to Job.

1333JOB224s9qhfigs-rquestion0Is it because of your reverence for him that he rebukes you and takes you to judgment?
1334JOB225zd3wfigs-rquestion0Is not your wickedness great? Is there no end to your iniquities?
1335JOB226z1dn0Connecting Statement:

Eliphaz continues speaking to Job.

1336JOB226hip20you have demanded guarantee of a loan

This refers to a lender taking something from the borrower to ensure that the borrower pays him back.

1337JOB226qq5g0you have stripped away clothing from the naked

Eliphaz is accusing Job of taking clothes as security from poor people who borrowed from him.

1338JOB227q9nbfigs-synecdoche0withheld bread
1339JOB228dj3nfigs-parallelism0possessed the earth ... lived in it

Eliphaz is accusing Job of taking land from poor people and not allowing them to live on it. He is emphasizing this point by restating it twice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1340JOB228gry9figs-hyperbole0possessed the earth
1341JOB229ti2j0Connecting Statement:

Eliphaz continues speaking to Job.

1342JOB229u5gg0You have sent widows away empty

You made widows go away with nothing

1343JOB229kyr70widows

women whose husbands have died

1344JOB229pdd7figs-metonymy0the arms of the fatherless have been broken
1345JOB2210wdg6figs-metaphor0snares are all around you ... sudden fear troubles you
1346JOB2211kz5ffigs-metaphor0There is darkness ... an abundance of waters covers you

Each of these metaphors means troubles and dangers are all around Job because of his sin. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1347JOB2211a6pa0an abundance of waters

a flood

1348JOB2212n1zi0Connecting Statement:

Eliphaz continues speaking to Job.

1349JOB2212st8pfigs-rquestion0Is not God in the heights of heaven?
1350JOB2212rtk3figs-explicit0Look at the height of the stars, how high they are!
1351JOB2213y6zhfigs-rquestion0What does God know? Can he judge through the thick darkness?
1352JOB2214x5apfigs-explicit0he walks on the vault of heaven
1353JOB2215cvp40Connecting Statement:

Eliphaz continues speaking to Job.

1354JOB2216iid8figs-metaphor0those who were snatched away
1355JOB2216lc5kfigs-simile0those whose foundations have washed away like a river

The death of wicked people is compared to buildings that had their foundations washed away by a flood. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

1356JOB2217q2mtfigs-rquestion0What can the Almighty do to us?
1357JOB2218nr680Connecting Statement:

Eliphaz continues speaking to Job.

1358JOB2218jh2r0Yet he filled

Yet God filled

1359JOB2218l57xfigs-idiom0the plans of wicked people are far from me
1360JOB2219ku9s0see their fate

know what will happen to the wicked

1361JOB2219q2jl0laugh them to scorn

mock the wicked people

1362JOB2220j4fq0They say

The righteous say

1363JOB2220jwg8figs-activepassive0Surely those who rose up against us are cut off
1364JOB2221z6jk0Connecting Statement:

Eliphaz continues speaking to Job.

1365JOB2221aj2c0Now

Eliphaz uses this word to introduce something important he is about to say.

1366JOB2222ll7gfigs-metonymy0instruction from his mouth
1367JOB2222dp7dfigs-idiom0store up his words
1368JOB2222y867figs-metonymy0your heart
1369JOB2223x1jk0Connecting Statement:

Eliphaz continues speaking to Job.

1370JOB2223mz1ifigs-metaphor0you will be built up
1371JOB2223kbt1figs-metaphor0if you put unrighteousness far away from your tents
1372JOB2224u6qkfigs-idiom0Lay your treasure down in the dust
1373JOB2224m1gkfigs-idiom0the gold of Ophir among the stones of the brooks
1374JOB2224g8dqtranslate-names0Ophir

This is the name of a region famous for its gold. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1375JOB2225wg73figs-metaphor0the Almighty will be your treasure, precious silver to you

This means God will be more valuable to Job than any treasure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1376JOB2226wd8v0Connecting Statement:

Eliphaz continues speaking to Job.

1377JOB2226l352figs-idiom0you will lift up your face to God
1378JOB2228ldp9figs-activepassive0it will be confirmed for you
1379JOB2228k1nufigs-metaphor0light will shine on your paths
1380JOB2229yck50Connecting Statement:

This concludes Eliphaz's speech to Job.

1381JOB2229xgw4figs-idiom0the one with lowered eyes
1382JOB2230f84nfigs-metaphor0He will rescue even the man who is not innocent; who will be rescued through the cleanness of your hands
1383JOB2230wrz40He will rescue even the man who is not innocent; who will be rescued through the cleanness of your hands
1384JOB23introfb420
1385JOB232fi9s0Even today my complaint is bitter
1386JOB232ke1pfigs-idiom0my complaint is bitter
1387JOB232cm2jfigs-metonymy0my hand ... heavy because of my groaning
1388JOB233k3e20Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking.

1389JOB233pn2bfigs-parallelism0Oh, that I knew where ... Oh, that I might come

These two lines mean the same thing and emphasize Job's desire to meet with God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1390JOB233rpr90I might find him

I might find God

1391JOB234u14tfigs-parallelism0lay my case ... fill my mouth

These two lines mean the same thing and emphasize Job's desire to explain his situation to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1392JOB234vtm3figs-metonymy0fill my mouth with arguments
1393JOB235jln8figs-parallelism0I would learn the words ... would understand

These two lines mean basically the same thing and emphasize Job's desire to hear God's answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1394JOB235s5td0the words with which he would answer me

the answer that he would give me

1395JOB236p72s0Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking.

1396JOB236tw6n0Would he

Would God

1397JOB237lx630There

This refers to the place where God is.

1398JOB237aw1lfigs-activepassive0I would be acquitted forever by my judge
1399JOB238tfb8figs-merism0

Job continues speaking. He begins using a merism to say that he has looked everywhere. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])

1400JOB239ja9lfigs-merism0north ... south
1401JOB239br9j0where he hides himself

Job speaks of God as if he is a person who hides.

1402JOB2310x7cb0Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking.

1403JOB2310lq4vfigs-metaphor0he knows the way that I take
1404JOB2310v4c5figs-simile0I will come out like gold
1405JOB2311w13vfigs-synecdoche0My foot has held fast to his steps
1406JOB2311xw5wfigs-metaphor0I have kept to his way
1407JOB2311gk1e0turned not aside
1408JOB2312fg260I have not gone back from
1409JOB2312m22yfigs-metonymy0of his lips
1410JOB2312tcz4figs-synecdoche0the words of his mouth
1411JOB2313xe4e0Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking.

1412JOB2313l1d5figs-rquestion0But he is one of a kind, who can turn him back?
1413JOB2313if990What he desires, he does

He does whatever he wants to do

1414JOB2314g6410he carries out his decree against me

he is doing to me what he said he would do

1415JOB2314i8u20there are many like them

he has many similar plans for me

1416JOB2315n27ifigs-parallelism0General Information:

Each of these verses has the form of a parallelism to emphasize the main point Job makes there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1417JOB2315sw440Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking.

1418JOB2316p6mafigs-parallelism0For God has made my heart weak; the Almighty has terrified me

These two lines mean basically the same thing and emphasize that Job is very afraid of God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1419JOB2316d4fwfigs-idiom0made my heart weak
1420JOB2317dng4figs-explicit0I have not been brought to an end by darkness
1421JOB2317qpa8figs-synecdoche0the gloom of my face
1422JOB24introe2gb0
1423JOB241mg7h0Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking.

1424JOB241thc8figs-rquestion0Why are times for judging wicked people not set by the Almighty?
1425JOB241ej3yfigs-rquestion0Why do not those who are faithful to God see his days of judgment come?
1426JOB242h88w0Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking.

1427JOB242pse50boundary markers

These are stones or other objects to mark the boundary between the lands owned by different people.

1428JOB242mn980pastures

land with grass for animals to eat

1429JOB243fml50They drive away

They steal

1430JOB243y9i20those without fathers
1431JOB243m8840they take the widow's ox as security

they take widows' oxen to guarantee that the widows will pay back the money that they loaned to those widows

1432JOB243e6wc0widow

a woman whose husband has died

1433JOB243uu5w0as security

A lender would take something from a borrower to ensure that the borrower pays him back.

1434JOB244lzi70out of their path
1435JOB244r5d2figs-hyperbole0poor people of the earth all hide themselves
1436JOB245d79k0Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking.

1437JOB245m813figs-simile0these poor people go out to their work like wild donkeys in the wilderness, looking carefully for food
1438JOB245yaj60wild donkeys

donkeys that no one owns or cares for

1439JOB246j8dxfigs-parallelism0Poor people reap in the night ... they glean grapes

These two lines describe the same thing and are used together to emphasize that these people are so hungry that they are forced to steal food at night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1440JOB247u7w8figs-parallelism0They lie naked ... they have no covering

These two lines describe the same thing and are used together to emphasize that these people do not have enough clothing to keep warm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1441JOB248a2gx0Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking.

1442JOB248j5eb0They are wet with the showers of the mountains

They become wet when it rains in the mountains

1443JOB249t1kifigs-synecdoche0orphans from their mothers' breast
1444JOB249ahj10orphans

This generally refers to children without parents. Here, however, it is used for children who have mothers but do not have fathers.

1445JOB249ma3c0take children as security from poor people

take poor people's children to guarantee that the poor people will pay back money that they borrowed from the wicked people

1446JOB249yq410as security

A lender would take something from a borrower to ensure that the borrower pays him back. See how you translated this in Job 24:3.

1447JOB2410u9220go about

walk around

1448JOB2410eps1figs-doublet0naked without clothing
1449JOB2410qj7x0they carry bundles of grain belonging to other people

This means their work will provide food for others but not for themselves.

1450JOB2411fp3g0Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking.

1451JOB2411rks10The poor people make oil

they squeezed olives in order to extract olive oil from them

1452JOB2411mr4mfigs-synecdoche0within the walls of those wicked men
1453JOB2411z8b4figs-explicit0they tread the wicked men's winepresses
1454JOB2411a1m70they themselves suffer thirst
1455JOB2413m5810Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking.

1456JOB2413dl4efigs-metaphor0rebel against the light
1457JOB2413djk4figs-metaphor0they know not its ways, nor do they stay in its paths
1458JOB2414u116figs-doublet0poor and needy people
1459JOB2414d2ftfigs-simile0he is like a thief
1460JOB2415jp3l0Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking.

1461JOB2415mza9figs-synecdoche0the eye of the adulterer
1462JOB2415ymp30for the twilight

for the sunset

1463JOB2415ewy1figs-synecdoche0No eye will see me
1464JOB2416c35gfigs-explicit0wicked people dig into houses
1465JOB2416k9sq0they shut themselves up

they hide inside

1466JOB2417g55xfigs-simile0For all of them, thick darkness is like the morning

The thick darkness is as comfortable for the wicked as light of the morning is for normal people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

1467JOB2417y5ib0the terrors of thick darkness

the scary things that happen at night

1468JOB2418ay3v0Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking.

1469JOB2418f772figs-simile0like foam on the surface of the waters

Foam lasts only a short time. This emphasizes how quickly God will cause the wicked to disappear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

1470JOB2418lat6figs-activepassive0their portion of the land is cursed
1471JOB2419b8g4figs-simile0As drought and heat melt away ... those who have sinned

Job says that sinners will disappear in Sheol in the same way as snow melts and disappears when it becomes warm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

1472JOB2419u6dbfigs-hendiadys0drought and heat

These two words describe essentially the same weather and are used together to describe it fully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])

1473JOB2420hnl60Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking.

1474JOB2420dg9vfigs-synecdoche0The womb
1475JOB2420ja3yfigs-idiom0the worm will feed sweetly on him
1476JOB2420auf1figs-activepassive0he will be remembered no more
1477JOB2420k6glfigs-metaphor0wickedness will be broken like a tree
1478JOB2421ys4wfigs-metaphor0The wicked one devours
1479JOB2421m9u50the barren women who have not borne children

The people of that day considered that a woman who was barren was cursed by God. Therefore, this represents the most unfortunate women.

1480JOB2421i5m90widow

a woman whose husband has died

1481JOB2422xl8g0Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking.

1482JOB2422ps1m0by his power
1483JOB2422x59sfigs-idiom0he rises up and does not strengthen them in life
1484JOB2423qks3figs-synecdoche0but his eyes are on their ways
1485JOB2424yq9p0Connecting Statement:

This concludes Job's speech.

1486JOB2424b7v1figs-activepassive0they will be brought low
1487JOB2424j5zatranslate-textvariants0they will be gathered up like all the others
1488JOB2424ix1vfigs-activepassive0they will be gathered up like all the others
1489JOB2424mqt2figs-simile0they will be cut off like the tops of ears of grain
1490JOB2425cfk7figs-rquestion0If it is not so, who can prove me to be a liar; who can make my speech worth nothing?
1491JOB2425iy580make my speech worth nothing

prove what I say is wrong

1492JOB25introyz1x0

Job 25 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of the advice of Job's friend, Bildad. His words in this chapter are much stronger than when he previously spoke.

Special concepts in this chapter

God's holiness and man's sin

Bildad describes the holiness of Yahweh and the universal nature of man's sinfulness. While his points are accurate, they are not convincing for Job because he has been righteous. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holy]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Rhetorical questions

Bildad uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job that he is wrong. These questions help to build Bildad's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

1493JOB251vb520Bildad the Shuhite

See how you translated this man's name in Job 2:11.

1494JOB252cz5cfigs-abstractnouns0Dominion and fear are with him
1495JOB252t8t10he makes order in his high places of heaven

he makes peace in the high heaven

1496JOB253agz7figs-rquestion0Is there any end to the number of his armies?
1497JOB253tb5cfigs-rquestion0Upon whom does his light not shine?
1498JOB254gq9p0Connecting Statement:

Bildad continues speaking.

1499JOB254w2pffigs-parallelism0How then can man ... God? How can he who is born ... him?

These two questions are used together to emphasize that it is impossible for a man to be good enough before God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

1500JOB254v4y8figs-rquestion0How then can man be righteous with God?
1501JOB254z1j1figs-rquestion0How can he who is born ... acceptable to him?
1502JOB254kx6lfigs-idiom0he who is born of a woman
1503JOB255f8pe0See
1504JOB255un12figs-abstractnouns0the moon has no brightness to him
1505JOB255kt4v0the stars are not pure in his sight
1506JOB256c7khfigs-parallelism0How much less man ... a son of man, who is a worm

These two lines say the same thing and are used together to emphasize that man is not perfect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1507JOB256h6x7figs-metaphor0who is a worm
1508JOB256l7b7figs-metonymy0a son of man
1509JOB26introf6650

Job 26 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is Job's response to Bildad.

This chapter begins a section continuing through chapter 31.

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's power

While Bildad describes Yahweh's power as being so much greater than Job's, Job understands the true extent of Yahweh's power. It is not just over Job's life, but over all of creation.

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

Sarcasm

Job uses sarcasm in this chapter. This is the use of irony to insult Bildad. (See: Job 1-4 and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])

1510JOB262lud4figs-irony0How you have helped one ... the arm that has no strength
1511JOB263s1r5figs-irony0How you have advised one who has no wisdom and announced to him sound knowledge
1512JOB263y2kk0announced to him sound knowledge

given him good advice

1513JOB264n9vjfigs-rquestion0With whose help have you spoken these words? Whose spirit was it ... you?
1514JOB265c81afigs-nominaladj0The dead
1515JOB265xqx7figs-explicit0tremble
1516JOB265hs8h0those who are beneath the waters

This refers to the dead people who tremble.

1517JOB265th6n0all who dwell in them

This refers to the dead people who dwell in the waters.

1518JOB266c8rlfigs-metaphor0Sheol is naked before God; destruction itself has no covering
1519JOB266v85x0destruction
1520JOB267ts32figs-metaphor0He stretches out the northern skies over the empty space

The northern skies represent heaven, the place where God dwells with the beings he created to dwell there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1521JOB268q4f60He binds up the waters in his thick clouds
1522JOB268sxg4figs-activepassive0but the clouds are not torn under them
1523JOB269r35v0and spreads his clouds on it
1524JOB2610l8k50He has engraved a circular boundary on the surface of the waters

This speaks of the horizon, where the earth appears to meet the sky, as if God has marked a boundary on the ocean.

1525JOB2611n3vzfigs-personification0The pillars of heaven tremble and are astonished at his rebuke
1526JOB2612f7hn0he shattered Rahab

he destroyed Rahab

1527JOB2612x7titranslate-names0Rahab

This is the name of a frightening monster that lived in the sea. See how you translated this in Job 9:13. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1528JOB2613c72vfigs-metaphor0By his breath he made the skies clear
1529JOB2613r5lefigs-explicit0his hand pierced the fleeing serpent
1530JOB2613c2jc0the fleeing serpent
1531JOB2614qb3ufigs-metaphor0See, these are but the fringes of his ways
1532JOB2614k819figs-exclamations0how small a whisper do we hear of him!
1533JOB2614b468figs-rquestion0Who can understand the thunder of his power?
1534JOB27intromkb50

Job 27 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Bildad.

Special concepts in this chapter

Job's righteousness

Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. Instead, he recognizes Yahweh's authority. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]])

1535JOB272vm9g0As surely as God lives
1536JOB272zm2rfigs-metaphor0has taken away my justice
1537JOB272tp23figs-metonymy0made my life bitter
1538JOB273m4bm0while my life is yet in me
1539JOB273ny28figs-abstractnouns0while my life is yet in me
1540JOB273xg5kfigs-metonymy0the breath from God is in my nostrils
1541JOB273krx80nostrils

nose

1542JOB274xct5figs-parallelism0My lips will not speak wickedness, neither will my tongue speak deceit
1543JOB274vg54figs-abstractnouns0speak wickedness ... speak deceit
1544JOB275tp640I will never admit that you three are right

I will never agree with you and say that you three are right

1545JOB275n6mbfigs-you0that you three are right
1546JOB275uy2n0I will never deny my integrity
1547JOB276rv4lfigs-metaphor0I hold fast to my righteousness
1548JOB276ccm5figs-metaphor0will not let it go
1549JOB276ttu9figs-metonymy0my thoughts will not reproach me
1550JOB277x6mpfigs-parallelism0Let my enemy be ... let him who rises up against me be

The two clauses that start with these words share the same meaning. They are used together to emphasize Job's strong desire that this should happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1551JOB277qkh5figs-explicit0Let my enemy be like a wicked man
1552JOB277yjq8figs-explicit0let him who rises up against me be like an unrighteous man
1553JOB277cin4figs-metaphor0him who rises up against me
1554JOB278m193figs-rquestion0For what is the hope of a godless man when ... when God takes away his life?
1555JOB278ucr8figs-parallelism0when God cuts him off, when God takes away his life
1556JOB278d94dfigs-metaphor0cuts him off
1557JOB278twt1figs-metaphor0takes away his life
1558JOB279jh1pfigs-rquestion0Will God hear his cry when trouble comes upon him?
1559JOB279a8txfigs-metonymy0Will God hear his cry
1560JOB2710kq3bfigs-rquestion0Will he delight himself in the Almighty and call upon God at all times?
1561JOB2711s3uqfigs-you0I will teach you
1562JOB2711fyx9figs-metonymy0the hand of God
1563JOB2711re4mfigs-abstractnouns0I will not conceal the thoughts of the Almighty
1564JOB2712pnx9figs-rquestion0why then have you spoken all this nonsense?
1565JOB2713g6qh0This is the portion of a wicked man with God

This is what God has planned for the wicked man

1566JOB2713djh6figs-metaphor0the heritage of the oppressor that he receives from the Almighty
1567JOB2714f7mjfigs-metonymy0it is for the sword
1568JOB2715mbb8figs-explicit0Those who survive him
1569JOB2715dic8figs-metonymy0will be buried by plague
1570JOB2715p4u30their widows ... them
1571JOB2716nm9mfigs-simile0heaps up silver like the dust
1572JOB2716bh15figs-simile0heaps up clothing like clay
1573JOB2718l6yffigs-ellipsis0He builds his house like a spider
1574JOB2718q8iafigs-simile0He builds his house like a spider
1575JOB2718inb4figs-simile0like a hut
1576JOB2719la2p0He lies down in bed rich
1577JOB2719i6ex0but he will not keep doing so
1578JOB2719b9safigs-metonymy0he opens his eyes
1579JOB2719x5lq0everything is gone
1580JOB2720ul690Terrors overtake him
1581JOB2720zw56figs-simile0like waters
1582JOB2720l3kn0a storm takes him away

a violent wind blows him away

1583JOB2721l4atfigs-personification0it sweeps him out of his place
1584JOB2721i9ce0his place

his home

1585JOB2722wmn4figs-personification0General Information:

In verses 22-23 Job speaks of the wind as if it were a person attacking the wicked person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

1586JOB2722xs2lfigs-personification0It throws itself at him
1587JOB2722fa8cfigs-personification0he tries to flee out of its hand
1588JOB2723kvs2translate-symaction0It claps its hands at him
1589JOB2723r28vtranslate-symaction0hisses him from his place
1590JOB28introi55c0

Job 28 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's response to Bildad.

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's wisdom

Despite being upset about his circumstances, Job does not curse God. Instead, he recognizes Yahweh's wisdom and authority. This chapter especially focuses on Yahweh's wisdom as he controls the circumstances of Job's life. Men cannot understand because they do not have Yahweh's wisdom. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/wise]])

1591JOB281fb4g0mine

This is a place where people dig rocks out of the earth. These rocks have metal in them.

1592JOB281zr9q0refine

This is the process of heating a metal to remove all of the impurities that are in it.

1593JOB282a9j8figs-activepassive0Iron is taken out of the earth
1594JOB282b12ifigs-activepassive0copper is smelted out of the stone
1595JOB282rb240copper

an important red-brown colored metal

1596JOB282uui90smelted

This is a process of heating rocks to melt the metal in them in order to get the metal out of the rocks.

1597JOB283fm47figs-metonymy0A man sets an end to darkness
1598JOB283l74r0to the farthest limit

to the farthest parts of the mine

1599JOB283sce6figs-doublet0obscurity ... thick darkness

These two phrases are used together to emphasize that the mine is extremely dark. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

1600JOB284kp1m0shaft

a deep narrow hole dug into the ground or rock. People go down into the hole to mine it.

1601JOB284hz3jfigs-personification0places that are forgotten by anyone's foot
1602JOB284yed2figs-explicit0He hangs far away from people
1603JOB285r3d3figs-synecdoche0the earth, out of which comes bread
1604JOB285p8vk0it is turned up below as if by fire
1605JOB285mha50it is turned
1606JOB286c4dw0Its stones ... its dust
1607JOB286lw930sapphires

a rare and valuable blue gemstone

1608JOB287c71rfigs-parallelism0No bird of prey knows the path to it ... nor has the falcon's eye seen it
1609JOB287u8np0bird of prey

a bird that eats other animals

1610JOB287ft9l0falcon
1611JOB288ad94figs-parallelism0The proud animals have not walked such a path ... nor has the fierce lion passed there

These clauses also express similar meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1612JOB288zce20The proud animals

This refers to very strong, wild animals.

1613JOB289nh4pfigs-metonymy0lays his hand on the flinty rock
1614JOB289d3ss0flinty rock

hard rock

1615JOB289ng34figs-hyperbole0he overturns mountains by their roots
1616JOB2810h31bfigs-synecdoche0his eye sees
1617JOB2811ar22figs-metaphor0He ties up the streams so they do not run
1618JOB2811c3wt0what is hidden there

This refers to things that people normally do not see because they are in the ground or underwater.

1619JOB2812n9fdfigs-metaphor0General Information:

In 28:12-28, wisdom and understanding are spoken of as if they were precious objects that are in some place and people want to find them. Finding wisdom and understanding represents becoming wise and learning to understand things well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1620JOB2812k2hzfigs-parallelism0Where will wisdom be found? Where is the place of understanding?
1621JOB2812bcr2figs-metaphor0Where will wisdom be found? Where is the place of understanding
1622JOB2813drv1figs-metaphor0Man does not know its price
1623JOB2813z9ipfigs-activepassive0neither is it found in the land of the living
1624JOB2814xi4cfigs-personification0The deep waters ... say, 'It is not in me'; the sea says, 'It is not with me.'
1625JOB2815h4tyfigs-explicit0It cannot be gotten for gold
1626JOB2815nff6figs-explicit0neither can silver be weighed as its price
1627JOB2816hg4ifigs-explicit0It cannot be valued with ... sapphire

This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than the gold of Ophir, precious onyx and sapphire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

1628JOB2816t2r7translate-names0Ophir

This is the name of a land where there was fine gold. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1629JOB2816ui380onyx

a valuable black gemstone

1630JOB2816na320sapphire

a valuable blue gemstone

1631JOB2817qp370Gold and crystal cannot equal it in worth

This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than gold and crystal.

1632JOB2817z7jx0crystal

a valuable gemstone that is clear or lightly colored

1633JOB2817v4um0neither can it be exchanged for jewels of fine gold
1634JOB2817nid20exchanged

traded

1635JOB2818hgr1figs-explicit0No mention is worth making of coral or jasper
1636JOB2818vgj8translate-unknown0coral

This is a beautiful, hard substance that grows on ocean reefs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

1637JOB2818sqn70jasper ... rubies

These are valuable gemstones.

1638JOB2819mwy70The topaz of Cush does not equal it

This implies that wisdom is much more valuable than the finest topaz.

1639JOB2819nxz50topaz

This is a valuable gemstone.

1640JOB2819ycn80neither can it be valued in terms of pure gold
1641JOB2820jiu5figs-rquestion0From where, then, comes wisdom? Where is the place of understanding?
1642JOB2820z82ufigs-metaphor0From where, then, comes wisdom

Wisdom is spoken of as if it were in a place and comes to people. Its coming represents people becoming wise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1643JOB2820ghy4figs-metaphor0Where is the place of understanding

Understanding is spoken of as if it were in a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1644JOB2821bj7xfigs-synecdoche0Wisdom is hidden from the eyes of all living things
1645JOB2821j3u4figs-activepassive0is kept hidden from the birds of the heavens
1646JOB2822y7e5figs-personification0Destruction and Death say
1647JOB2823qlj3figs-metaphor0God understands the way to it; he knows its place
1648JOB2824q6zd0the very ends of the earth

the farthest places on the earth

1649JOB2825l7lkfigs-metaphor0parceled out the waters by measure
1650JOB2826qy1s0a path for the thunder
1651JOB2828l4bufigs-abstractnouns0See, the fear of the Lord—that is wisdom
1652JOB2828m7dqfigs-metaphor0to depart from evil is understanding
1653JOB29introeli20

Job 29 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's statement, but now it is directly addressed to Yahweh.

In this chapter, Job recalls the days before Yahweh's blessings were taken from him. This is only one part of Job's argument that continues for the next 3 chapters.

1654JOB292h8k3figs-exclamations0Oh, that I were as I was in the past months
1655JOB293n6ggfigs-metaphor0when his lamp shined on my head
1656JOB293z42nfigs-metaphor0when I walked through darkness by his light

Walking through darkness represents experiencing difficult situations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1657JOB294bk56figs-metaphor0in the ripeness of my days
1658JOB294d6y9figs-abstractnouns0when the friendship of God was on my tent
1659JOB296xbc3figs-hyperbole0when my way was covered with cream
1660JOB296bt34figs-hyperbole0and the rock poured out for me streams of oil
1661JOB297tvt70city square

This is an open area in a village or city where two or more streets meet.

1662JOB298e835translate-symaction0rose and stood for me
1663JOB299c8d6translate-symaction0The princes used to refrain from talking when I came

This was a sign of respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

1664JOB299v8ymtranslate-symaction0they would lay their hand on their mouths

They did this to show that they would not speak. This was a sign of their respect for Job. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

1665JOB2910u1bbfigs-activepassive0The voices of the noblemen were hushed
1666JOB2910nm6jfigs-metonymy0their tongue clung to the roof of their mouths
1667JOB2911n94lfigs-synecdoche0after their ears heard me ... after their eyes saw me
1668JOB2911t3tu0they would then give witness to me and approve of me

they would witness approvingly of me

1669JOB2912ui1tfigs-genericnoun0I rescued the one who was poor when he cried out
1670JOB2913qs27figs-metaphor0The blessing of him who was about to perish came on me
1671JOB2913ii9wfigs-genericnoun0him who was about to perish
1672JOB2913v84afigs-synecdoche0I caused the widow's heart to sing for joy
1673JOB2914r9i7figs-metaphor0I put on righteousness, and it clothed me
1674JOB2914rc4ifigs-simile0my justice was like a robe and a turban
1675JOB2914qe3s0turban

a long cloth that men wrap around their heads and wear as a hat

1676JOB2915z9qdfigs-metaphor0I was eyes to blind people
1677JOB2915qwg2figs-metaphor0I was feet to lame people
1678JOB2916dv24figs-metaphor0I was a father to needy people
1679JOB2917h48z0General Information:

In verses 18-20 Job tells about the things he used to say before bad things happened to him.

1680JOB2917rxh7figs-metaphor0I broke the jaws of ... I plucked the victim
1681JOB2918mx7pfigs-metaphor0I will die in my nest
1682JOB2918ree7figs-hyperbole0I will multiply my days like the grains of sand
1683JOB2919f52qfigs-metaphor0My roots ... my branches

Job used to speak of his strength as if he were strong like a well-watered tree. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1684JOB2920r1t1figs-abstractnouns0The honor in me is always fresh
1685JOB2920bz9xfigs-metaphor0the bow of my strength is always new in my hand
1686JOB2922l3t7figs-simile0my speech dropped like water on them
1687JOB2923g4bifigs-simile0They always waited for me as they waited for rain

People waited for Job patiently and expected to hear good things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

1688JOB2923dye5figs-metaphor0they opened their mouth wide to drink in my words
1689JOB2923wd9h0as they would do for the latter rain

as farmers wait eagerly for the latter rain

1690JOB2923v5kv0the latter rain

This refers to the large amount of rain that falls just before the dry season.

1691JOB2924vxz9figs-explicit0I smiled on them
1692JOB2924b3dwfigs-metaphor0the light of my face

This represents the kindness they saw in Job's face. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1693JOB2925nhm5figs-metaphor0I selected their way
1694JOB2925gh9mfigs-metonymy0sat as their chief
1695JOB2925azd4figs-metonymy0sat as their chief
1696JOB2925dv86figs-simile0I lived like a king in his army

Job speaks of how he led the people and how they obeyed him as if he were a king and they were his army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

1697JOB2925nmq6figs-explicit0like one who comforts mourners
1698JOB30introu96h0

Job 30 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's statement, but now it is directly addressed to Yahweh.

In this chapter, Job laments his current condition as others insult him. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lament]])

1699JOB301ghr9figs-explicit0whose fathers I would have refused to allow to work beside the dogs of my flock
1700JOB301bw8lfigs-explicit0the dogs of my flock
1701JOB302dkd7figs-rquestion0Indeed, the strength of their fathers' hands, how could it have helped me ... perished?
1702JOB302n58xfigs-metaphor0men in whom the strength of their mature age had perished
1703JOB303b5gi0They were thin from poverty and hunger
1704JOB303i6mnfigs-abstractnouns0They were thin from poverty and hunger
1705JOB303j6n1figs-metonymy0they gnawed at the dry ground
1706JOB304dz4r0Connecting Statement:

Job continues to talk about the fathers of the mockers.

1707JOB304lbt60saltwort ... bushes' leaves ... the roots of the broom tree

These are plants that people would eat only if they could find nothing better.

1708JOB304c9mn0the roots of the broom tree were their food

Possible meanings are 1) the people ate the roots of the broom tree or 2) the people warmed themselves by burning the roots of broom trees.

1709JOB305k9yzfigs-activepassive0They were driven out from among people who shouted after them as ... a thief
1710JOB305lwr20shouted after them as one would shout after a thief

shouted at them as though they were thieves

1711JOB307f7j80Connecting Statement:

Job continues to talk about the fathers of the mockers.

1712JOB307kkv4figs-simile0brayed like donkeys
1713JOB307dmg50they gathered together under the nettles
1714JOB308i8txfigs-metaphor0They were the sons of fools
1715JOB308h66qfigs-metaphor0indeed, sons of nameless people
1716JOB308juk5figs-metaphor0nameless people
1717JOB308wl4wfigs-metonymy0They were driven out of the land with whips
1718JOB308r31i0They were driven out of the land
1719JOB309krm80Connecting Statement:

Job speaks again about the people who were mocking him.

1720JOB309v6wtfigs-abstractnouns0But now I have become the subject of their taunting song
1721JOB309u5hmfigs-metonymy0I have become a byword for them
1722JOB3010sx1hfigs-litotes0they do not refrain from spitting in my face
1723JOB3011r95hfigs-metaphor0God has unstrung the string to my bow
1724JOB3011pll30those who taunt me

those who mock me

1725JOB3011sq6dfigs-metaphor0cast off restraint before my face
1726JOB3012u9wmfigs-metaphor0General Information:

Job speaks about the mockers treating him cruelly as if they were a mob and an army attacking him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1727JOB3012l5wg0Connecting Statement:

Job continues to speak about the people who were mocking him.

1728JOB3012z8g5figs-metonymy0Upon my right hand rise the rabble
1729JOB3012bxs30they drive me away

they force me to run away

1730JOB3012tdu8figs-metaphor0pile up against me their siege mounds
1731JOB3013sv3yfigs-metaphor0They destroy my path
1732JOB3013x9pdfigs-metaphor0they push forward disaster for me
1733JOB3013ayx7figs-metaphor0men who have no one to hold them back
1734JOB3014su1sfigs-metaphor0General Information:

Job speaks about the mockers treating him cruelly as if they were an army attacking him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1735JOB3014p4jw0Connecting Statement:

Job continues to speak about the people who were mocking him.

1736JOB3014b1fxfigs-simile0They come against me like an army through a wide hole in a city wall

This represents attacking Job forcefully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

1737JOB3014g1jifigs-metaphor0they roll themselves in on me

This represents many coming to attack him at once, like giant ocean waves rolling in on him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1738JOB3015su3jfigs-metaphor0Terrors are turned upon me

Possible meanings are 1) Job has become terrified or 2) things are happening to Job that make him afraid. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1739JOB3015y58lfigs-simile0my honor is driven away as if by the wind
1740JOB3015qzd6figs-simile0my prosperity passes away as a cloud
1741JOB3016vq4cfigs-metaphor0Now my life is pouring out from within me
1742JOB3016yd79figs-personification0many days of suffering have laid hold on me
1743JOB3017s5h2figs-metaphor0my bones in me are pierced
1744JOB3017q849figs-personification0the pains that gnaw at me take no rest
1745JOB3018x296figs-metonymy0God's great force has seized my clothing
1746JOB3018wpi4figs-metaphor0God's great force has seized my clothing
1747JOB3018tm94figs-metaphor0it wraps around me like the collar of my tunic
1748JOB3019aa4hfigs-metaphor0He has thrown me into the mud
1749JOB3019m43kfigs-simile0I have become like dust and ashes
1750JOB3021k1ga0cruel

This word means unkind.

1751JOB3021xk2hfigs-metonymy0with the strength of your hand you persecute me
1752JOB3022v3bi0Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking to God.

1753JOB3022zy94figs-metaphor0lift me up to the wind ... throw me back and forth in a storm

These expressions represent the extreme suffering that God made Job endure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1754JOB3022h7x70cause it to drive me along

cause the wind to push me along

1755JOB3023py4pfigs-metaphor0you will bring me to death
1756JOB3023a3ymfigs-metaphor0the house appointed for all the living
1757JOB3023nf6m0all the living

That is, all things now alive, but that will die one day.

1758JOB3024ly2e0Connecting Statement:

Job continues speaking to God.

1759JOB3024s7ppfigs-rquestion0does no one reach out with his hand to beg for help when he falls? Does no one in trouble call out for help?
1760JOB3024giv9figs-rquestion0does no one reach out with his hand to beg for help when he falls? Does no one in trouble call out for help?
1761JOB3025k5gwfigs-rquestion0Did not I weep ... trouble? Did I not grieve ... man?
1762JOB3026dxl4figs-metaphor0When I hoped for good, then evil came

Looking for good represents hoping for good things, and evil coming represents evil things happening. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1763JOB3026n1jnfigs-metaphor0I waited for light ... darkness came
1764JOB3027r36ufigs-personification0My heart is troubled and does not rest
1765JOB3027u2glfigs-metaphor0days of affliction have come on me
1766JOB3028i5gufigs-metaphor0I have gone about
1767JOB3028fj2nfigs-metaphor0like one who was living in the dark, but not because of the sun
1768JOB3029f66bfigs-metaphor0a brother to jackals, a companion of ostriches
1769JOB3030udu9figs-synecdoche0my bones are burned with heat
1770JOB3031qj9sfigs-metonymy0my harp is tuned for songs of mourning
1771JOB3031v1krfigs-metonymy0my flute for the singing of those who wail
1772JOB3031d2w20wail

To wail is to cry very loudly because of terrible sadness or pain.

1773JOB31introleq90

Job 31 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This chapter is a continuation of Job's statement and it is directly addressed to Yahweh.

In this chapter, Job presents his case to Yahweh that he is upright and not guilty of the sins he is being accused of. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])

1774JOB311jz3t0General Information:

Job continues speaking.

1775JOB311ka6efigs-metaphor0I have made a covenant with my eyes
1776JOB311af9xfigs-explicit0I have made a covenant with my eyes
1777JOB311sxi9figs-rquestion0how then should I look with desire on a virgin?
1778JOB312p7x8figs-metaphor0For what is the portion from God above, the inheritance from the Almighty on high?
1779JOB312ygr6figs-rquestion0For what is the portion from God above, the inheritance from the Almighty on high?
1780JOB313ia4n0General Information:

Job continues speaking.

1781JOB314vf6mfigs-metaphor0Does not God see my ways and count all my steps?
1782JOB314n2ehfigs-explicit0Does not God see my ways and count all my steps?

Job may be implying that God should know that Job is righteous and does not deserve calamity and disaster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

1783JOB315lu6r0General Information:

Job continues speaking.

1784JOB315zdh8figs-hypo0If I have

In 31:5-40 Job describes different situations in which he would deserve God's punishment. But, he knows that they are not true and he is innocent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

1785JOB315a5stfigs-metaphor0walked with falsehood, if my foot has hurried to deceit
1786JOB316ndj9figs-metaphor0let me be weighed in an even balance
1787JOB317lz14figs-hypo0General Information:

Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

1788JOB317fm8cfigs-metaphor0If my step has turned aside from the way
1789JOB317r29ifigs-metonymy0if my heart has gone after my eyes
1790JOB317tvw5figs-metaphor0if any spot has stuck to my hands
1791JOB318b7e80then let me sow, and let another eat, and let my crops be uprooted

Job is saying that if he really has sinned, then this bad thing should happen to him. He would do the hard work of sowing his fields, but he would not be able to eat any of it.

1792JOB318xs19figs-activepassive0let my crops be uprooted
1793JOB319n6g7figs-hypo0General Information:

Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

1794JOB319p1ynfigs-synecdoche0If my heart has been deceived by a woman
1795JOB319rs8zfigs-explicit0if I have lain in wait at my neighbor's door
1796JOB3110ngk5figs-euphemism0then let my wife grind grain for another

Possible meanings are 1) this is an euphemism which means Job is saying may his wife sleep with another man or 2) it means she will become a slave and work for another man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])

1797JOB3111w7dzfigs-hypo0General Information:

Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

1798JOB3111ds7e0For that would be a terrible crime
1799JOB3111h8zifigs-activepassive0it would be a crime to be punished by judges
1800JOB3112r4vnfigs-metaphor0For that is a fire that consumes as far as Abaddon, and it would burn all my harvest to the root
1801JOB3112i923figs-metaphor0consumes as far as Abaddon
1802JOB3112bn97figs-metonymy0it would burn all my harvest to the root
1803JOB3113p9e5figs-hypo0General Information:

Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

1804JOB3114s3xgfigs-rquestion0what then would I do when God rises up to accuse me? When he comes to judge me, how would I answer him?
1805JOB3115jl2jfigs-rquestion0Did the one who made me in the womb not make them also? Did not the same one mold us all in the womb?
1806JOB3116k4utfigs-hypo0General Information:

Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. He does not finish his sentence in verses 16 and 17. Instead he explains in verse 18 why they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

1807JOB3116yzr50If I have withheld poor people from their desire

If I have kept poor people from getting what they desire

1808JOB3116e9r8figs-idiom0if I have caused the eyes of the widow to grow dim from crying
1809JOB3117gs2b0my morsel

my food

1810JOB3118xz2ifigs-genericnoun0because from my youth the orphan grew up with me as with a father
1811JOB3118z518figs-ellipsis0because from my youth
1812JOB3118ibm5figs-hyperbole0I have guided his mother, a widow, from my own mother's womb
1813JOB3119zh5ufigs-hypo0General Information:

Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

1814JOB3120ut9qfigs-synecdoche0if his heart has not blessed me
1815JOB3120r66ufigs-metonymy0because he has not been warmed with the wool of my sheep
1816JOB3121mf7qfigs-metonymy0if I have lifted up my hand against fatherless people
1817JOB3121wu45figs-metaphor0I saw my support in the city gate
1818JOB3121w7s90in the city gate

This is where the important men of the city would gather to make decisions.

1819JOB3121y72n0then bring charges against me

This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job's statement in this long sentence.

1820JOB3122sqk5figs-activepassive0then let my shoulder fall from the shoulder blade, and let my arm be broken from its joint
1821JOB3123ss4j0For I dreaded ... his majesty

This is the reason that Job did not do any of the wicked things he spoke of in verses 7 through 21.

1822JOB3124z7rafigs-hypo0General Information:

Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

1823JOB3124r6lgfigs-abstractnouns0If I have made gold my hope
1824JOB3124s4smfigs-parallelism0if I have said to fine gold, 'You are what I am confident in'

This line means the same as the previous line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1825JOB3125bt3pfigs-metonymy0my hand had gotten many possessions
1826JOB3125sk1t0then bring charges against me

This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job's statement in this long sentence.

1827JOB3126k9a3figs-hypo0General Information:

Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

1828JOB3126g5ilfigs-personification0the moon walking
1829JOB3126m93pfigs-abstractnouns0the moon walking in its brightness
1830JOB3127qcf6figs-synecdoche0if my heart has been secretly attracted
1831JOB3127wm2ttranslate-symaction0so that my mouth has kissed my hand
1832JOB3128pwl3figs-activepassive0to be punished by judges
1833JOB3128g5xt0I would have denied the God who is above

I would have been unfaithful to the God who is above

1834JOB3129wm4xfigs-hypo0General Information:

Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

1835JOB3129b1imfigs-abstractnouns0at the destruction of anyone who hated me
1836JOB3129p1nt0when disaster overtook him

when he experienced disasters

1837JOB3129hvt50then bring charges against me

This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job's statement in this long sentence.

1838JOB3130w93cfigs-synecdoche0Indeed, I have not even allowed my mouth to sin
1839JOB3130jng4figs-metonymy0by asking for his life with a curse
1840JOB3131etk2figs-hypo0General Information:

Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

1841JOB3131ng3afigs-metonymy0the men of my tent
1842JOB3131hwl9figs-rquestion0Who can find one who has not been filled with Job's food?
1843JOB3132uns3figs-metonymy0even the foreigner has never had to stay in the city square
1844JOB3132h895figs-metonymy0I have always opened my doors to the traveler
1845JOB3132p6kk0and if that is not so, then bring charges against me

This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job's statement in this long sentence.

1846JOB3133w9u3figs-hypo0General Information:

Job continues describing situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

1847JOB3133sb1qfigs-metaphor0If ... I have hidden my sins
1848JOB3133jav4figs-metaphor0by hiding my guilt inside my tunic
1849JOB3134b8mlfigs-parallelism0because I feared the great multitude, because the contempt of families terrified me

This would be the reason for hiding his sins. These mean the same thing. They emphasize that a person may hide his sin because he fears what other people may think about him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1850JOB3134ia4h0then bring charges against me

This phrase is not in the original language or in other versions of the Bible. It was added here to help preserve the meaning of Job's statement in this long sentence.

1851JOB3135i9lkfigs-exclamations0Oh, if only I had someone to hear me!
1852JOB3135vmt3figs-metaphor0here is my signature
1853JOB3135v1vpfigs-explicit0let the Almighty answer me!
1854JOB3135u84z0If only I had the indictment that my opponent has written!
1855JOB3135qku30my opponent

Possible meanings are 1) this refers to God or 2) this refers to someone else.

1856JOB3136gw5afigs-metaphor0Surely I would carry it openly on my shoulder; I would put it on like a crown

This represents putting it where everyone could read it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1857JOB3137l5p7figs-metaphor0I would declare to him an accounting for my steps
1858JOB3137mvd6figs-simile0as a confident prince I would go up to him
1859JOB3138g2jvfigs-hypo0General Information:

This concludes Job's description of situations in which he would deserve God's punishment, but he knows they are not true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

1860JOB3138r91tfigs-personification0If my land ever cries out against me, and its furrows weep together
1861JOB3139vfe3figs-metonymy0to lose their lives
1862JOB3140k93zfigs-ellipsis0weeds instead of barley
1863JOB32intropq4v0

Job 32 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Job's friends give up on trying to convince him that he is being punished for sinning. This chapter introduces Elihu who was a witness to these interactions between Job and his friends. According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the first of Elihu's four statements. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])

Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 32:6-22, which is an extended quotation, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. This quotation continues through the next chapter.

1864JOB321k2f6figs-metaphor0he was righteous in his own eyes
1865JOB322cr7dfigs-metaphor0Then was kindled the anger of Elihu son of Barakel the Buzite, of the family of Ram; it was kindled against Job
1866JOB322hxc1translate-names0Elihu ... Barakel ... Ram

These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1867JOB322l6vjtranslate-names0Buzite

This is the name of a people-group. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1868JOB322iub4figs-explicit0he justified himself rather than God
1869JOB323p4awfigs-metaphor0Elihu's anger was also kindled against his three friends
1870JOB324w92dwriting-background0Now

This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. This tells background information about Elihu. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

1871JOB325mm6zfigs-metaphor0that there was no answer in the mouths of these three men
1872JOB325xt4nfigs-metaphor0his anger was kindled
1873JOB326jj95figs-you0you are very old
1874JOB327z9d9figs-metonymy0Length of days should speak; a multitude of years should teach wisdom
1875JOB328m7uf0General Information:

Elihu continues speaking to Job and his friends.

1876JOB328le8vfigs-parallelism0there is a spirit in a man; the breath of the Almighty
1877JOB328tg64figs-metonymy0the breath of the Almighty
1878JOB3211c94u0See
1879JOB3211vq5wfigs-you0I waited for your words
1880JOB3212cem50who could respond to his words
1881JOB3213l5ty0General Information:

Elihu continues speaking to Job's friends.

1882JOB3213ys9l0We have found wisdom
1883JOB3213pwq9figs-metaphor0to defeat Job
1884JOB3214q8fq0with your words

by saying what you have said

1885JOB3215v3nu0General Information:

Elihu continues speaking.

1886JOB3215gi7d0dumbfounded

amazed, unable to speak

1887JOB3216k7n7figs-rquestion0Should I wait because they are not speaking, because they stand there silent and answer no more?

Elihu uses a question to emphasize that he will not wait any longer to speak. Elihu answers this question himself in the next verse. Alternate translation: But because you do not speak, I certainly will not wait any longer; you merely stand there and do not reply anymore. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

1888JOB3217n3iz0General Information:

Elihu continues speaking using parallelisms.

1889JOB3217ii5q0I also will answer on my part

I will now take my turn to answer

1890JOB3218j46ifigs-metaphor0I am full of words
1891JOB3218t9et0the spirit in me compels me

my spirit forces me to say it

1892JOB3219l5s6figs-simile0my breast is like fermenting wine that has no vent; like new wineskins, it is ready to burst
1893JOB3219a7czfigs-synecdoche0my breast is
1894JOB3220q9qt0General Information:

Elihu continues speaking using parallelisms for emphasis.

1895JOB3220m29yfigs-activepassive0I may be refreshed
1896JOB3220w6zzfigs-synecdoche0open my lips
1897JOB3221mi730neither will I give honorific titles to any man

neither will I praise any man or give him titles of honor

1898JOB3222nb650my Maker
1899JOB3222i4r2figs-euphemism0take me away
1900JOB33introt7rx0

Job 33 General Notes

Structure and formatting

According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is a continuation of the first of Elihu's four statements and it is addressed to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. This quotation is a continuation of the previous chapter.

Special concepts in this chapter

God's mercy

While Job has been complaining about the lack of justice and response from Yahweh, Elihu shows Job that Yahweh has shown him great mercy along the way. He is still alive because of Yahweh's mercy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/mercy]])

1901JOB331ct2e0General Information:

Elihu continues speaking.

1902JOB331m7lufigs-parallelism0hear my speech; listen to all my words

These two phrases mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that Job must listen carefully. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1903JOB332j572figs-parallelism0I have opened my mouth ... my tongue has spoken in my mouth
1904JOB333u1kkfigs-synecdoche0My words come from the uprightness of my heart
1905JOB333j6sdfigs-synecdoche0my lips speak pure knowledge
1906JOB334mz8n0General Information:

Elihu continues speaking to Job.

1907JOB334g749figs-parallelism0The Spirit of God ... has given me life

These two lines mean the same thing. Elihu is emphasizing that God has made him and so gives authority to what he is saying. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1908JOB335ikf4figs-metaphor0set your words in order before me and stand up
1909JOB336qrs90General Information:

Elihu continues speaking to Job.

1910JOB336ie4u0See
1911JOB336dis8figs-metaphor0I am just as you are in God's sight
1912JOB336ym3bfigs-metaphor0I also have been formed out of the clay
1913JOB336q828figs-activepassive0I also have been formed
1914JOB337dmb10terror of me will not make you afraid

you do not need to be afraid of me

1915JOB337y53lfigs-metaphor0neither will my pressure be heavy upon you
1916JOB338i9bj0General Information:

Elihu continues speaking to Job.

1917JOB338zu7c0in my hearing

where I could hear you

1918JOB338c2f70I have heard the sound of your words saying

I have heard you say

1919JOB339f62qfigs-metaphor0clean

A person who God considers spiritually acceptable is spoken of as if the person were physically clean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

1920JOB339h3f90there is no sin in me

I have not sinned

1921JOB3310m72b0General Information:

Elihu continues quoting what he heard Job say.

1922JOB3310f8tf0See
1923JOB3311ra4efigs-metaphor0He puts my feet in stocks
1924JOB3311w3jafigs-metonymy0my paths
1925JOB3312bbu10I will answer you

Elihu is speaking to Job.

1926JOB3313ki750General Information:

Elihu continues speaking to Job.

1927JOB3313z74qfigs-rquestion0Why do you struggle against him?
1928JOB3313m7490He does not account for any of his doings

He does not have to explain to us anything he does

1929JOB3314gyh6figs-idiom0God speaks once—yes, twice
1930JOB3315zz7afigs-parallelism0a dream ... a vision of the night

These phrases have the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1931JOB3315vq5qfigs-metaphor0when deep sleep falls upon men, in slumber on the bed
1932JOB3316inq30General Information:

Elihu continues speaking to Job.

1933JOB3316cgu3figs-metaphor0then God opens the ears of men
1934JOB3317qd6yfigs-metaphor0in order to pull man back from
1935JOB3318t4umfigs-parallelism0God keeps man's life back from the pit ... his life from crossing over to death
1936JOB3318d93mfigs-metaphor0the pit
1937JOB3318bd6lfigs-idiom0man's life back ... his life
1938JOB3318lgc1figs-metonymy0from crossing over to death
1939JOB3319bk1d0General Information:

Elihu continues speaking to Job.

1940JOB3319pgn6figs-activepassive0Man is punished also
1941JOB3319x9jgfigs-explicit0with pain on his bed
1942JOB3320ubm9figs-parallelism0so that his life abhors food, and his soul abhors delicacies
1943JOB3320x7zp0abhors delicacies

hates even very special food

1944JOB3321g47r0General Information:

Elihu continues speaking to Job.

1945JOB3321f64yfigs-activepassive0His flesh is consumed away so that it cannot be seen; his bones, once not seen, now stick out
1946JOB3322gup8figs-synecdoche0his soul draws close to the pit
1947JOB3322v3zifigs-metaphor0the pit
1948JOB3322ne1hfigs-synecdoche0his life to those who wish to destroy it
1949JOB3323r3z10General Information:

Elihu continues speaking to Job.

1950JOB3323kt340for him

This does not refer to a specific person. Elihu continues speaking about any person in general.

1951JOB3323zbw1translate-numbers0one out of a thousand
1952JOB3324a1rpfigs-metaphor0the pit
1953JOB3324es6zfigs-explicit0I have found a ransom for him
1954JOB3325qs6m0General Information:

Elihu continues speaking to Job.

1955JOB3325ze1v0Then
1956JOB3325mu51figs-simile0his flesh will become fresher than a child's
1957JOB3325k7lefigs-hyperbole0fresher than a child's
1958JOB3325n9hsfigs-ellipsis0a child's
1959JOB3325s1tkfigs-metaphor0it is restored to the days of his youth
1960JOB3326yt2qfigs-idiom0he sees God's face with joy
1961JOB3326d3zdfigs-synecdoche0God's face
1962JOB3326ysy80God will give the person his triumph
1963JOB3327ypw20General Information:

Elihu continues speaking to Job.

1964JOB3327t53pfigs-activepassive0but my sin was not punished
1965JOB3328wt12figs-synecdoche0rescued my soul from going down into the pit
1966JOB3328u2a3figs-metaphor0the pit
1967JOB3328f6psfigs-metonymy0my life will continue to see light
1968JOB3329v1ch0General Information:

Elihu continues speaking to Job.

1969JOB3329m27i0See
1970JOB3329w47tfigs-idiom0twice, yes, even three times
1971JOB3330b2bffigs-synecdoche0his soul
1972JOB3330cik5figs-metaphor0to bring his soul back from the pit
1973JOB3330qg5zfigs-metaphor0the pit
1974JOB3330myd4figs-activepassive0he may be enlightened with the light of life
1975JOB3331sm1q0General Information:

Elihu continues speaking to Job.

1976JOB3331z1l9figs-doublet0Pay attention, Job, and listen to me
1977JOB3332g3l6figs-idiom0that you are in the right
1978JOB34introb9ku0

Job 34 General Notes

Structure and formatting

According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the second of Elihu's four statements and it is addressed first to Job's friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. Elihu uses many of Job's statements against him. His attitude is not too different from Job's friends.

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's justice

Elihu defends the justice of Yahweh after Job claimed that Yahweh was being unjust. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])

1979JOB341h9vc0Moreover, Elihu

Then, Elihu

1980JOB341yw36translate-names0Elihu

See how you translated this man's name in Job 32:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1981JOB342k8a40Listen to my words

Listen to what I say

1982JOB342zux7figs-irony0you wise men ... you who have knowledge

Elihu is criticizing Job and his friends. He does not think they are actually wise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])

1983JOB343ln8sfigs-simile0For the ear tries words as the palate tastes food
1984JOB344kw1y0General Information:

Elihu continues speaking.

1985JOB344v6hjfigs-inclusive0Let us
1986JOB345k2e10has taken away my rights

refused to give me justice

1987JOB346k523figs-activepassive0I am considered to be a liar
1988JOB346i95pfigs-metaphor0My wound is incurable
1989JOB347zr9v0General Information:

Elihu continues speaking.

1990JOB347nd2afigs-rquestion0What man is like Job
1991JOB347glm5figs-simile0who drinks up mockery like water
1992JOB348j3zrfigs-metaphor0who walks with wicked men
1993JOB3410f3defigs-parallelism0General Information:

Elihu continues speaking. Each of these verses contain parallel phrases. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

1994JOB3410n22efigs-irony0you men of understanding

Elihu is criticizing Job and his friends. He does not actually think they are wise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])

1995JOB3410meh8figs-parallelism0far be it from God ... far be it from the Almighty that he should commit sin
1996JOB3411ia8gfigs-metaphor0For he pays back a person's work
1997JOB3411y31yfigs-idiom0he makes every man come upon the reward of his own ways
1998JOB3413eq510General Information:

Elihu continues speaking.

1999JOB3413n1w5figs-parallelism0Who put him in charge over the earth? Who put the whole world under him?
2000JOB3414d4kxfigs-hypo0If he ever

Elihu is describing a situation that he does not believe would ever happen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hypo]])

2001JOB3414t8rtfigs-explicit0his spirit and his breath
2002JOB3415lah1figs-synecdoche0all flesh
2003JOB3415tmc7figs-explicit0mankind would return to dust again
2004JOB3416ag4g0General Information:

Elihu continues speaking.

2005JOB3416h7bg0now

Elihu uses this word to bring attention to something important he is about to say.

2006JOB3416lpb8figs-you0you have
2007JOB3416giw9figs-parallelism0listen to the sound of my words
2008JOB3417rc4cfigs-rquestion0Can one who hates justice govern? Will you condemn God, who is righteous and mighty?
2009JOB3417s1zlfigs-rquestion0Can one who hates justice govern?
2010JOB3417l8xsfigs-rquestion0Will you condemn God, who is righteous and mighty?
2011JOB3418azg30General Information:

Elihu continues speaking.

2012JOB3418n5xxfigs-rquestion0God, who says to a king, 'You are vile,' or says to nobles, 'You are wicked'?
2013JOB3418pa2afigs-ellipsis0God, who says to a king
2014JOB3418n3qi0vile
2015JOB3419sj41figs-metonymy0for they all are the work of his hands
2016JOB3420xkd5figs-idiom0at midnight
2017JOB3420yx7ffigs-activepassive0people will be shaken and will pass away
2018JOB3420nq3gfigs-euphemism0mighty people will be taken away, but not by human hands
2019JOB3420dsu9figs-synecdoche0not by human hands
2020JOB3421syl2figs-metonymy0For God's eyes are upon a person's ways
2021JOB3421wn28figs-explicit0he sees all his steps
2022JOB3422em2wfigs-doublet0no darkness, no thick gloom
2023JOB3423dy7z0in judgment
2024JOB3424zb650General Information:

Elihu continues speaking.

2025JOB3424hwl1figs-idiom0He breaks mighty men into pieces
2026JOB3424nyi9figs-explicit0for their ways that need no further investigation
2027JOB3424i96c0their ways
2028JOB3424z5n9figs-explicit0he puts others in their places
2029JOB3425hq7vfigs-idiom0in the night
2030JOB3425rxl8figs-activepassive0they are destroyed
2031JOB3426syc30General Information:

Elihu continues speaking.

2032JOB3426mwg7figs-simile0In the open sight of others, he kills them for their wicked deeds like criminals
2033JOB3426y46jfigs-idiom0In the open sight of others
2034JOB3426af3kfigs-explicit0he kills them
2035JOB3427mv8lfigs-idiom0his ways

This refers to God's instructions for how people should behave. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

2036JOB3428d5r1figs-abstractnouns0they made the cry of poor people come to him
2037JOB3429d8u30General Information:

Elihu continues speaking.

2038JOB3429w485figs-metaphor0When he stays silent, who can condemn him? If he hides his face, who can perceive him?

These two questions speak of God not punishing wicked people as if he were being silent and hiding his face. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2039JOB3429k61cfigs-rquestion0When he stays silent, who can condemn him?
2040JOB3429j5exfigs-rquestion0If he hides his face, who can perceive him?
2041JOB3429pdu7figs-synecdoche0his face
2042JOB3430n7qwfigs-metaphor0no one to entrap people
2043JOB3431u1av0General Information:

Elihu continues speaking.

2044JOB3432u6lyfigs-metonymy0teach me what I cannot see
2045JOB3433kc72figs-rquestion0Do you think that God will punish that person's sin, since you dislike what God does?
2046JOB3433xdv4figs-metonymy0that person's sin
2047JOB3433nw6c0since you dislike

because you dislike

2048JOB3433px780what it is that you know

what you are thinking about this

2049JOB3434eu8y0General Information:

Elihu continues speaking.

2050JOB3434qbs30who hears me

who hears me speaking

2051JOB3436znm7figs-activepassive0If only Job were put on trial in
2052JOB3436mvs5figs-idiom0in the smallest details of his case
2053JOB3436w7eb0of his talking like wicked men

of how he has spoken like a wicked man

2054JOB3437jr4vfigs-explicit0he adds rebellion
2055JOB3437fm5kfigs-explicit0he claps his hands in mockery in our midst
2056JOB3437g7ncfigs-metaphor0he piles up words against God
2057JOB35intromfr60

Job 35 General Notes

Structure and formatting

According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the third of Elihu's four statements and it is addressed first to Job's friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. Elihu uses many of Job's statements against him.

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Rhetorical questions

Elihu uses many different rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to try to convince Job. These questions help to build Elihu's argument. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

Ironic situation

Elihu explains the irony of Job's claim. He claimed to be righteous and desired Yahweh to intervene. In this chapter, Elihu explains to Job that his claims of righteousness are prideful. This makes him unrighteous. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/righteous]])

2058JOB352s9jwfigs-rquestion0Do you think this is just ... 'My right before God'?
2059JOB352yh9l0Do you think this is just when you say

Do you think it is right for you to say

2060JOB352g7jgfigs-you0Do you think
2061JOB352l3t80My right before God

Possible meanings are 1) Job is claiming to be innocent before God or 2) Job is claiming that he, rather than God, is right.

2062JOB353w8qvfigs-rquestion0For you ask, 'What use is it to me?' and, 'Would I be better off if I had sinned?'
2063JOB354tp7p0Connecting Statement:

Elihu continues speaking.

2064JOB356t2vl0Connecting Statement:

Elihu continues speaking.

2065JOB356pdd2figs-parallelism0If you have sinned ... what do you do to him?

These two lines share similar meanings. The second line intensifies the meaning of the first line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2066JOB356t1v8figs-rquestion0If you have sinned, what harm do you do to God?
2067JOB356s7x4figs-metaphor0If your transgressions pile up high, what do you do to him?
2068JOB357m97kfigs-rquestion0If you are righteous, what can you give to him? What will he receive from your hand?
2069JOB357i418figs-synecdoche0receive from your hand
2070JOB358fa270another son of man
2071JOB359nu680General Information:

Elihu continues speaking.

2072JOB359p9swfigs-abstractnouns0Because of many acts of oppression
2073JOB359zb6tfigs-metonymy0they call for help from the arms of mighty men
2074JOB3510f89rfigs-metaphor0who gives songs in the night

Elihu speaks of God enabling people to have hope in troubling circumstances as if he were giving to them songs which they can sing during the night. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2075JOB3512gme80Connecting Statement:

Elihu continues speaking.

2076JOB3512xj4y0they cry out

the oppressed people cry out

2077JOB3514di2gfigs-exclamations0How much less will he answer you ... that you are waiting for him!
2078JOB3514njy60that your case is before him

you have presented your case to him

2079JOB3514c5130you are waiting for him

you are waiting for him to respond

2080JOB3515r6hq0General Information:

Elihu continues speaking.

2081JOB3515ub2k0Now you say that his anger does not punish, and he does not take even a litte notice of transgression

Because Job is saying these things about God that are untrue, it is even less likely that God will answer Job's prayers.

2082JOB3515kpu8figs-metonymy0his anger does not punish
2083JOB3516ben3figs-metaphor0he piles up words without knowledge
2084JOB36intropp2j0

Job 36 General Notes

Structure and formatting

According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is the last of Elihu's four statements and it is addressed first to Job's friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. His attitude is not too different from Job's friends.

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's justice

This chapter focuses on the justice of Yahweh. It is important to remember that justice won't always come in this life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])

2085JOB362h1hxfigs-metaphor0I will show you some things
2086JOB363c3pdfigs-metaphor0I will obtain my knowledge from far off
2087JOB363u4g9figs-abstractnouns0that righteousness belongs to my Maker
2088JOB364sqx30my words will not be false

what I say will not be false

2089JOB364br1kfigs-metaphor0someone who is mature in knowledge is with you
2090JOB365z14c0See
2091JOB365j9ctfigs-doublet0he is mighty in strength of understanding
2092JOB367q9mjfigs-metaphor0He does not withdraw his eyes from righteous people
2093JOB367yc6ffigs-metaphor0sets them on thrones like kings

Elihu speaks of God honoring the righteous people as if God were causing them to sit on thrones like kings do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2094JOB367x6yzfigs-metaphor0they are lifted up
2095JOB368a6cwfigs-activepassive0If they are bound in chains
2096JOB368f3xmfigs-metaphor0trapped in cords of suffering
2097JOB369qj2kfigs-ellipsis0their transgressions and their pride
2098JOB3610i8ajfigs-metaphor0He also opens their ears
2099JOB3610gn8hfigs-abstractnouns0to his instruction
2100JOB3610emb8figs-metaphor0to turn back from iniquity
2101JOB3611hx9kfigs-synecdoche0they will spend their days in prosperity, their years in contentment
2102JOB3612q2nzfigs-metaphor0they will perish by the sword
2103JOB3613j1gifigs-metonymy0who are godless in heart
2104JOB3613z1u5figs-metaphor0store up their anger
2105JOB3613a4swfigs-metaphor0even when God ties them up
2106JOB3614ny420their lives end among the cultic prostitutes
2107JOB3615wt6tfigs-metaphor0he opens their ears
2108JOB3616h4g2figs-metaphor0into a broad place where there is no hardship

Elihu speaks of living without trouble as if it were being in a wide-open space where there were no hardships. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2109JOB3616qjt9figs-metaphor0where your table would be set with food full of fatness

Elihu speaks of living prosperously as if it were having one's table filled with the best foods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2110JOB3616yn9lfigs-activepassive0your table would be set
2111JOB3616pw88figs-idiom0food full of fatness
2112JOB3617ybk90you are full of judgment on wicked people
2113JOB3617ji7mfigs-personification0judgment and justice have laid hold of you
2114JOB3618mp6j0Do not let your anger entice you to mockery
2115JOB3619m4prfigs-rquestion0Can your wealth benefit you, so that you will not be in distress, or can all the force of your strength help you?
2116JOB3619z8pw0all the force of your strength
2117JOB3620q5v5figs-metaphor0when peoples are cut off in their place
2118JOB3621qhr8figs-activepassive0you are being tested by suffering
2119JOB3622c7mn0See, God

You know this already: God

2120JOB3622x4qx0God is exalted in his power
2121JOB3622ay6dfigs-rquestion0who is a teacher like him?
2122JOB3623r88vfigs-rquestion0Who has ever instructed him about his way?
2123JOB3623tz9rfigs-rquestion0Who can ever say to him, 'You have committed unrighteousness?'
2124JOB3625c8rqfigs-metaphor0they see those deeds only from far away
2125JOB3626k1vw0See
2126JOB3626zd6hfigs-idiom0the number of his years is incalculable
2127JOB3627z98gfigs-explicit0that he distills as rain from his vapor
2128JOB3629q3k1figs-rquestion0can anyone understand the extensive spread of the clouds and the thunder from his hut?
2129JOB3629a4vefigs-abstractnouns0the extensive spread of the clouds
2130JOB3629wh4wfigs-metaphor0from his hut
2131JOB3630ip5f0See, he spreads

Look carefully and see how he spreads

2132JOB3630e9esfigs-metaphor0and covers the roots of the sea
2133JOB3632tsi9figs-metaphor0He fills his hands with the lightning

Elihu speaks of the lightning that storms cause as if God were holding the lightning in his hand and directing it to strike where he wills. Possible meanings are 1) that God holds the lightning bolts in his hands in order to throw them, or 2) that God hides the lightning bolts in his hands until he is ready to use them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2134JOB3633k3qk0Its thunder
2135JOB3633se830hear it is coming

hear that the storm is coming

2136JOB37introccm70

Job 37 General Notes

Structure and formatting

According to Elihu, instead of being punished for his sins, Job is sinning in the midst of these difficulties. This is a continuation of the previous chapter and the last of Elihu's four statements, and it is addressed first to Job's friends and then to Job. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]])

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. His attitude is not too different from Job's friends.

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's justice

This chapter focuses on the justice of Yahweh. It is important to remember that justice won't always come in this life. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])

2137JOB371mup1figs-parallelism0my heart trembles ... it is moved out of its place

These two phrases mean basically the same thing and emphasize the intensity of his fear. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2138JOB371eid20my heart trembles at this
2139JOB371nhy8figs-metaphor0it is moved out of its place
2140JOB372ilg9figs-metaphor0the noise of his voice, the sound that goes out from his mouth

These two phrases mean basically the same thing. Elihu speaks of the thunder as if it is God's voice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2141JOB373q5eafigs-metaphor0to the edges of the earth
2142JOB374l4nhfigs-metaphor0A voice roars after it ... the voice of his majesty

Elihu continues to speak of the thunder as if it is God's voice. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2143JOB374x26r0roars after it

roars after the lightning

2144JOB374nei10the voice of his majesty

his majestic voice

2145JOB374k5jsfigs-activepassive0when his voice is heard
2146JOB376btz3figs-ellipsis0likewise to the rain shower
2147JOB377y45ffigs-synecdoche0He stops the hand of every man
2148JOB379cpb8figs-explicit0The storm comes from its chamber in the south and the cold from the scattering winds in the north

In Israel, strong wind storms blow in from the south and cold weather approaches from the north. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

2149JOB379j84cfigs-metaphor0The storm comes from its chamber in the south

Elihu speaks of the storm blowing in from the south as if the storm has a place where it resides until it comes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2150JOB3710u9mkfigs-metaphor0By the breath of God ice is given
2151JOB3710dc5ffigs-simile0frozen like metal
2152JOB3711gl6nfigs-metaphor0he weighs down the thick cloud with moisture
2153JOB3713it32figs-abstractnouns0sometimes it happens for correction
2154JOB3713mjf4figs-explicit0sometimes for his land
2155JOB3713uep4figs-abstractnouns0sometimes as acts of covenant faithfulness
2156JOB3715ch2bfigs-rquestion0Do you know how God establishes the clouds and makes the lightning bolts to flash in them?
2157JOB3715cbz20establishes the clouds
2158JOB3716w6jdfigs-rquestion0Do you understand the floating of the clouds, the marvelous deeds of God, who is perfect in knowledge?
2159JOB3716z95q0the floating of the clouds

how the clouds float

2160JOB3716s2uifigs-ellipsis0the marvelous deeds of God
2161JOB3717a6f1figs-rquestion0Do you understand how your garments become hot ... from the south?
2162JOB3717hy960how your garments become hot
2163JOB3717r98kfigs-explicit0because the wind comes from the south
2164JOB3718zlb7figs-rquestion0Can you spread out the sky ... a mirror of cast metal?
2165JOB3718c2kffigs-metaphor0as strong as a mirror of cast metal

In biblical days, mirrors were made of metal. Elihu speaks of the sky giving no rain as if it were as hard as solid metal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2166JOB3718ww4s0cast metal

This refers to metal that is melted, poured into a mold, and then hardens as it cools.

2167JOB3719s7igfigs-exclusive0Teach us what we should say to him
2168JOB3719q3stfigs-metaphor0because of the darkness of our minds
2169JOB3720z1trfigs-rquestion0Should he be told that I wish to speak with him?
2170JOB3720fp7nfigs-activepassive0Should he be told
2171JOB3720b2q9figs-rquestion0Would a person wish to be swallowed up?
2172JOB3720x2hnfigs-metaphor0to be swallowed up
2173JOB3722l64jfigs-metaphor0over God is fearsome majesty
2174JOB3723c4sdfigs-metaphor0we cannot find him
2175JOB3724n2pvfigs-metonymy0those who are wise in their own minds
2176JOB38introbs8p0

Job 38 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. Yahweh finally speaks in this chapter.

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's greatness

Yahweh is far greater than any man. He is the creator of the earth, and his ways will not always be understood by men because their knowledge is always limited.

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Rhetorical questions

Yahweh uses a series of rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to defend his character. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

2177JOB381b53y0Then Yahweh called
2178JOB381zh2u0called to Job
2179JOB381zk130out of a fierce storm

from a powerful storm

2180JOB382ln5mfigs-rquestion0Who is this who brings darkness to plans by means of words without knowledge?
2181JOB382u9fl0Who is this who brings

Who are you to bring

2182JOB382kw1vfigs-metaphor0brings darkness to plans
2183JOB382lq690by means of words without knowledge

by speaking of things about which you do not know

2184JOB382nng1figs-abstractnouns0words without knowledge
2185JOB383ur9ifigs-idiom0gird up your loins like a man
2186JOB384k38wfigs-rquestion0General Information:

Yahweh begins to challenge Job with a series of questions that emphasize he created the earth and Job did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

2187JOB384xgy2figs-rquestion0Where were you when I laid the earth's foundations? Tell me, if you have so much understanding
2188JOB384e2l4figs-metaphor0I laid the earth's foundations

Yahweh describes creating the earth as though he was building a structure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2189JOB384p418figs-abstractnouns0if you have so much understanding
2190JOB385y99gfigs-rquestion0Who determined its dimensions? Tell me, if you know
2191JOB385sp2s0dimensions

size

2192JOB385nt85figs-rquestion0Who stretched the measuring line over it?
2193JOB385wjp10measuring line

a rope or cord that people use to make something the right size and shape

2194JOB386i7brfigs-rquestion0General Information:
2195JOB386a7760Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

2196JOB386i5wbfigs-rquestion0On what were its foundations laid?
2197JOB386p5tvfigs-rquestion0Who laid its cornerstone
2198JOB387r55lfigs-rquestion0
2199JOB387g3kffigs-rquestion0when the morning stars ... the sons of God shouted for joy?
2200JOB387ql8yfigs-personification0when the morning stars sang together
2201JOB387z79e0the morning stars

the bright stars that shine in the morning

2202JOB387j3650sons of God

This refers to angels, heavenly beings. See how you translated this in Job 1:6.

2203JOB387x5idfigs-abstractnouns0shouted for joy
2204JOB387uc380for joy

because they were full of joy

2205JOB388nk5sfigs-rquestion0General Information:

Yahweh uses another question to emphasize that he created the earth and Job did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

2206JOB388h82c0Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

2207JOB388i6wlfigs-rquestion0Who shut up the sea ... of the womb
2208JOB388x8t1figs-metaphor0shut up the sea with doors
2209JOB388txy1figs-simile0as if it had come out of the womb

Yahweh compares his creation of the sea to childbirth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

2210JOB389un26figs-rquestion0
2211JOB389fhm1figs-rquestion0when I made clouds ... and thick darkness its swaddling bands?
2212JOB389n9tt0its clothing

as clothes for the sea

2213JOB389zkz3figs-abstractnouns0thick darkness its swaddling bands
2214JOB389s1lf0swaddling bands

long pieces of cloth that people use to wrap a baby in after it is born

2215JOB3810iq3r0I marked out for the sea my boundary

I made a boundary for the sea

2216JOB3810j8290boundary

Yahweh set a limit beyond which the sea was not allowed to cross.

2217JOB3810hyj2figs-metaphor0I placed its bars and doors
2218JOB3810b38y0bars

long pieces of wood or metal that are used to keep a door shut

2219JOB3811hv5ffigs-personification0when I said to it
2220JOB3811ixn6figs-explicit0You may come this far, but no farther
2221JOB3811iy3qfigs-personification0to the pride of your waves
2222JOB3812c1ksfigs-rquestion0General Information:

Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he created the light of day and Job did not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

2223JOB3812b56ifigs-rquestion0

Yahweh continues to challenge Job. He begins to ask a rhetorical question. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

2224JOB3812hi2gfigs-rquestion0Have you ... to know its place
2225JOB3812i57afigs-personification0given orders to the morning

Yahweh describes the morning as being able to receive orders and know things like a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

2226JOB3812gc160caused the dawn to know its place

caused the dawn to know where it belongs

2227JOB3812q9wm0dawn

the daylight that appears in the morning sky before the sun rises

2228JOB3813zak30Connecting Statement:
2229JOB3813l3k7figs-rquestion0so that it might take hold ... shake the wicked out of it?
2230JOB3813s9dbfigs-metaphor0take hold of the edges of the earth
2231JOB3813m62qfigs-metaphor0shake the wicked out of it
2232JOB3814m9rxfigs-simile0The earth is changed in appearance like clay changes under a seal

At nighttime, people cannot see clearly, but in the morning the light reveals the distinct shape of everything, just like a seal creates distinct images in clay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

2233JOB3814dn8yfigs-simile0all things on it stand out clearly like the folds of a piece of clothing
2234JOB3815w5i8figs-activepassive0From wicked people their 'light' is taken away
2235JOB3815jfq3figs-irony0their 'light'

The wicked consider darkness to be their light, because they do their evil deeds in the darkness and they are familiar with the darkness. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])

2236JOB3815e6v7figs-metaphor0their uplifted arm is broken

The raised arm of the wicked represents their power and intention to do evil things, but the wicked stop doing those evil things when the morning light comes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2237JOB3816e754figs-rquestion0General Information:

Yahweh uses five questions to emphasize that he understands the earth and seas and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

2238JOB3816yt520Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

2239JOB3816vy8nfigs-rquestion0Have you gone to the sources of the waters of the sea?
2240JOB3816lcg5figs-rquestion0Have you walked in the lowest parts of the deep?
2241JOB3816kmu40the sources of the waters

the springs

2242JOB3816jrv9figs-nominaladj0the deep
2243JOB3817a7xyfigs-metaphor0Have the gates of death been revealed to you
2244JOB3817g37w0the shadow of death

See how you translated this in Job 3:5.

2245JOB3818q2ivfigs-rquestion0Have you understood the earth in its expanse?
2246JOB3818k9n70the earth in its expanse

the great broad places of the earth

2247JOB3818l8zz0if you know it all

if you know all about these things

2248JOB3819kmt5figs-rquestion0General Information:

Yahweh uses three questions to emphasize that he understands light and darkness and Job does not. Each of these verses have two parallel phrases. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2249JOB3819z2nq0Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

2250JOB3819p4uwfigs-rquestion0Where is the way to the resting place of light—as for darkness, where is its place?
2251JOB3819q3ukfigs-personification0the resting place of light
2252JOB3819he610light
2253JOB3820d9pcfigs-rquestion0Can you lead light and darkness to their places of work? Can you find the way back to their houses for them?
2254JOB3820tyy4figs-personification0to their places of work
2255JOB3821ca1qfigs-irony0Undoubtedly ... so large
2256JOB3821zfd60for you were born then
2257JOB3821hy8k0the number of your days is so large

you have lived so many years

2258JOB3822h59tfigs-rquestion0General Information:

Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he rules over the natural world and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

2259JOB3822w7gxfigs-rquestion0

Yahweh continues to challenge Job. He bgins to ask a rhetorical question. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

2260JOB3822sj2hfigs-metaphor0storehouses for the snow ... storehouses for the hail

Snow and hail are pictured as being stored by Yahweh to do his will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2261JOB3822q2qv0hail

balls of ice (usually small) that sometimes fall down from the sky during a storm

2262JOB3823hve30Connecting Statement:
2263JOB3823vl8gfigs-rquestion0these things that I have kept ... and war?
2264JOB3823fv910these things that I have kept
2265JOB3824ctg6figs-activepassive0What is the path to where the lightning bolts are distributed or to where the winds are scattered from the east over the earth?
2266JOB3824auw50the winds are scattered

the winds are blown

2267JOB3825q4hgfigs-rquestion0General Information:

Yahweh questions Job to emphasize that he causes it to rain and thunder and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

2268JOB3825f7ppfigs-rquestion0

Yahweh continues to challenge Job. He begins to ask a series of rhetorical questions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

2269JOB3825eh5tfigs-rquestion0Who has created the channels for the floods of rain
2270JOB3825j3xxfigs-rquestion0or who has made a path for the thunder
2271JOB3825ve3k0the floods of rain

the torrents of rain

2272JOB3825cd750a path for the thunder

a way for the rumble of thunder to be heard.

2273JOB3826g934figs-parallelism0on lands where no person exists, and on the wilderness, in which there is no one

These two phrases have nearly the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

2274JOB3826na1j0where no person exists

where there are no people

2275JOB3827b6m2figs-rquestion0
2276JOB3827lf5wfigs-rquestion0to satisfy ... sprout with grass?
2277JOB3827d9vtfigs-explicit0to satisfy
2278JOB3827q9scfigs-hendiadys0devastated and desolate
2279JOB3827v1hz0with grass
2280JOB3827cug40make the ground sprout with

make the ground support new grass

2281JOB3828t8tqfigs-rquestion0

Yahweh begins a series of four questions to emphasize to Job that he makes rain, dew, ice, and frost and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]) Rain, dew, ice, and frost are spoken of as though they could be born like people are. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

2282JOB3828y3ap0Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

2283JOB3828be1tfigs-rquestion0Does the rain have a father, or, who fathers the drops of dew?
2284JOB3828geg1figs-metaphor0fathers the drops of dew
2285JOB3829gw3sfigs-rquestion0Out of whose womb did the ice come? Who bore the white frost out of the sky?
2286JOB3829fm770ice

frozen water

2287JOB3829l9y40bore

gave birth to

2288JOB3829qu6n0the white frost

dew that freezes on the ground on cold, clear nights

2289JOB3830jjp9figs-personification0The waters hide themselves and become like stone

The waters are spoken of as being able to hide. During the winter the ice hides the water underneath it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rpronouns]])

2290JOB3830iw86figs-simile0become like stone
2291JOB3830cul4figs-nominaladj0the deep
2292JOB3831l2s5figs-rquestion0General Information:

Yahweh uses five questions to emphasize to Job that he rules the heavens and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

2293JOB3831w86h0Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

2294JOB3831rik8figs-rquestion0Can you fasten chains on the Pleiades, or undo the cords of Orion?
2295JOB3831kqa90fasten chains on
2296JOB3831p1ai0the Pleiades ... Orion

These are the names of constellations. See how you translated them in Job 9:9.

2297JOB3831wb4a0undo the cords of Orion

loosen the cords that hold Orion

2298JOB3832n1r30Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

2299JOB3832ys38figs-rquestion0Can you lead the constellations ... proper times? Can you guide ... children?
2300JOB3832lrw60constellations

groups of stars that seem like they form a particular shape in the sky

2301JOB3832qx9k0to appear at their proper times

so that they appear at the right time

2302JOB3832x8g20the Bear

This is the name of a constellation. Translate as in Job 9:9.

2303JOB3832a6br0its children

its cubs

2304JOB3833y4fpfigs-rquestion0Do you know the regulations of the sky? Could you set in place the sky's rule over the earth?
2305JOB3834i5q7figs-rquestion0General Information:

Yahweh uses two questions to emphasize to Job that he rules the rain clouds and lightning and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

2306JOB3834mq7j0Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

2307JOB3834tca5figs-rquestion0Can you raise ... may cover you?
2308JOB3834yh4ffigs-abstractnouns0an abundance of rainwater
2309JOB3835na4pfigs-rquestion0Can you send out ... you, 'Here we are'?
2310JOB3835z4cbfigs-personification0Here we are

The lightning bolts are spoken of as servants saying they are ready to follow commands. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

2311JOB3836a9d6figs-rquestion0General Information:

Yahweh uses three questions to emphasize to Job that he rules the clouds and rain and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

2312JOB3836sx1r0Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

2313JOB3836h7ayfigs-rquestion0Who has put wisdom in the clouds or has given understanding to the mists?
2314JOB3836sfx30has put wisdom in the clouds

has given wisdom to the clouds

2315JOB3837pv86figs-rquestion0

A rhetorical question begins here. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

2316JOB3837qju4figs-rquestion0Who can pour out the water skins of the sky
2317JOB3837w7u7figs-metaphor0the water skins
2318JOB3838hj6zfigs-rquestion0when the dust runs ... tightly together?
2319JOB3838qh39figs-activepassive0when the dust runs into a hard mass
2320JOB3838njw90the clods of earth clump tightly together

the lumps of soil stick together

2321JOB3839s331figs-rquestion0General Information:

Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he knows how to feed the lions and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

2322JOB3839hqx60Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

2323JOB3839f7awfigs-rquestion0Can you hunt down a victim for a lioness or satisfy the appetite of her young lion cubs
2324JOB3839y8rn0a victim
2325JOB3839i3760lioness

This is a female lion.

2326JOB3839n1pj0appetite

hunger

2327JOB3839j1aw0of her young lion cubs
2328JOB3840awl80Connecting Statement:
2329JOB3840yb24figs-rquestion0when they are crouching ... to lie in wait?
2330JOB3840hu7v0dens
2331JOB3840g23n0sheltering in hiding
2332JOB3840fx6lfigs-explicit0to lie in wait
2333JOB3841t9jbfigs-rquestion0General Information:

Yahweh uses a question to emphasize that he provides food for the ravens and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

2334JOB3841u1rq0Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

2335JOB3841sxy9figs-rquestion0Who provides victims ... for lack of food?
2336JOB3841f3g80provides victims
2337JOB3841hc2b0ravens

large birds with shiny black feathers that feed on dead animals

2338JOB3841y9eyfigs-explicit0cry out to God
2339JOB3841nde90stagger about

This means to walk around in an unsteady way.

2340JOB3841i8kr0for lack of food
2341JOB39introl9e10

Job 39 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The ULT sets the lines of this chapter farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text because it is a poem. Yahweh continues to speak in this chapter.

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh's greatness

Yahweh is far greater than any man. He is the creator of the earth, and his ways will not always be understood by men because their knowledge is always limited. Since Job cannot understand creation, he cannot truly understand Yahweh.

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Rhetorical questions

Yahweh uses a series of rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to defend his character. Many of these questions focus on nature because Yahweh is the creator of the heavens and the earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/heaven]])

2342JOB391b1wafigs-rquestion0General Information:

Yahweh uses four questions to emphasize that he is greater than Job because Yahweh takes care of the wild mountain goats and deer and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

2343JOB391sw6i0Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

2344JOB391m8kwfigs-rquestion0Do you know at what time ... bear their young?
2345JOB391d7nhfigs-rquestion0Can you watch when the deer are having their fawns?
2346JOB391j6ic0are having their fawns

give birth to their fawns

2347JOB392phe5figs-rquestion0Can you count the months that they gestate?
2348JOB392nrm80that they gestate

to complete their pregnancy

2349JOB392w95t0they
2350JOB392w3w90gestate

are pregnant

2351JOB392txy4figs-rquestion0Do you know the time when they bear their young?
2352JOB393sq9c0Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

2353JOB393uj6h0They crouch down
2354JOB393rvs40birth their young

give birth to their offspring

2355JOB393n62wfigs-metonymy0then they finish their labor pains
2356JOB394wey90the open fields
2357JOB394v8ps0do not come back again
2358JOB395p64rfigs-rquestion0General Information:

Yahweh uses two questions to emphasize that he is greater than Job because Yahweh takes care of the wild donkeys and Job does not. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

2359JOB395g9xs0Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

2360JOB395twv9figs-rquestion0Who let the wild donkey go free?
2361JOB395x4tg0the wild donkey ... the swift donkey

These are different names for the same kind of donkey.

2362JOB395mg7ffigs-rquestion0Who has untied the bonds of the swift donkey
2363JOB395pp7e0bonds

ropes, chains, or straps that hold an animal and keep it from running away

2364JOB396dku4figs-rquestion0General Information:
2365JOB396z26mfigs-rquestion0whose home I have made ... in the salt land?
2366JOB396qyi5figs-personification0whose home I have made in the Arabah
2367JOB396hfq80the salt land

the land around the Salt Sea that has a lot of salt in it

2368JOB397b9s60Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

2369JOB397j9rx0He
2370JOB397m4lnfigs-personification0laughs in scorn

Yahweh describes the donkey as though he were a person. The donkey laughs because those in the city have to hear loud noise, but he lives in a quiet place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

2371JOB397rpn60the driver's

someone who forces an animal to work

2372JOB398t3sa0pastures

places where animals can eat plants growing in the field

2373JOB399u4vxfigs-rquestion0General Information:

Here Yahweh uses four questions to emphasize that Job is not like Yahweh because Job cannot control the wild ox. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

2374JOB399s6zs0Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

2375JOB399ss2cfigs-rquestion0Will the wild ox be happy to serve you?
2376JOB399yl5m0the wild ox

Possible meanings are 1) a type of ox that used to live in the wild or 2) some kind of buffalo that looked like oxen.

2377JOB399f9tw0be happy

be willing

2378JOB399v7dgfigs-rquestion0Will he consent to stay by your manger?
2379JOB399t1u50consent to stay by your manger

stay by your manger through the night

2380JOB399sgz60manger

something that holds food so that animals can eat it

2381JOB3910iqy5figs-rquestion0Can you use ropes to hold the wild ox in the furrows?
2382JOB3910mt1p0ropes

Farmers would tie ropes to animals' heads or necks in order to lead them.

2383JOB3910gny80furrows

These are long channels made in the dirt while plowing. See how you translated this in Job 31:38.

2384JOB3910g8w9figs-rquestion0Will he harrow the valleys as he follows after you?
2385JOB3910uq7t0harrow

to smooth and break up the soil

2386JOB3911b4gjfigs-rquestion0General Information:

Here Yahweh uses three questions to continue his argument that Job is not like Yahweh because Job cannot control the wild ox. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

2387JOB3911epz60Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

2388JOB3911au79figs-rquestion0Will you trust him because his strength is great?
2389JOB3911zx9v0trust him
2390JOB3911cgj2figs-rquestion0Will you leave your work to him to do?
2391JOB3911f3u10leave your work to him to do

have him do your hard work for you

2392JOB3912ht1zfigs-rquestion0Will you depend on him ... grain for your threshing floor?
2393JOB3913g5i90Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

2394JOB3913xrh3figs-rquestion0The wings of the ostrich ... pinions and plumage of love?
2395JOB3913c9hc0ostrich

a very large bird that can run very fast but cannot fly

2396JOB3913k6980wave proudly

move with joy

2397JOB3913b62x0pinions

the very long feathers on the wings of birds

2398JOB3913y8q90plumage

the smaller feathers that cover the body of a bird

2399JOB3913a7t40of love
2400JOB3914ix8t0on the earth

on the ground

2401JOB3915eg2i0crush them
2402JOB3915p8ek0trample them

step on them

2403JOB3916n7gh0Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

2404JOB3916dn580She deals roughly
2405JOB3916u9gc0her labor

the work that she does when she lays the eggs

2406JOB3916uqn1figs-explicit0might have been in vain
2407JOB3917jm950deprived her of wisdom
2408JOB3917c8hu0understanding

See how you translated this in Job 11:6.

2409JOB3918bd6w0When she runs
2410JOB3918y8shfigs-explicit0she laughs ... its rider
2411JOB3919j9tbfigs-rquestion0General Information:

Yahweh uses three questions to emphasize that Job is not like Yahweh because Job cannot control the wild horse. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

2412JOB3919ma5j0Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

2413JOB3919jg2wfigs-rquestion0Have you given the horse his strength?
2414JOB3919sul3figs-rquestion0Did you clothe his neck with his flowing mane?
2415JOB3919z5thfigs-metonymy0clothe his neck with his flowing mane
2416JOB3919j2150flowing mane

the long hair on the top of the neck of a horse

2417JOB3920lpb2figs-rquestion0Have you ever made him jump like a locust?
2418JOB3920ul5g0a locust

a large kind of grasshopper that can jump very far and very quickly

2419JOB3920mh2c0snorting

a very loud sound that horses make with their nose

2420JOB3921c17t0Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

2421JOB3921gcq9figs-explicit0He paws
2422JOB3921nvw40paws

digs at the ground with his hooves

2423JOB3921k6rcfigs-metonymy0to meet the weapons
2424JOB3922vse10He mocks fear

He is not afraid at all

2425JOB3922juq50mocks

laughs at

2426JOB3922qlb70dismayed

discouraged

2427JOB3922uk9z0does not turn back

does not run away

2428JOB3923cvi20quiver

a container that holds arrows

2429JOB3923ldn90rattles

shakes and makes noise

2430JOB3923i34d0flank

the side of a horse

2431JOB3923q76b0javelin

a long stick with a sharp end that people throw at their enemies

2432JOB3924r5sq0Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

2433JOB3924frz20He
2434JOB3924sh13figs-metaphor0swallows up ground
2435JOB3924bkv10with fierceness and rage

The horse is very excited, so he moves quickly and strongly.

2436JOB3924kx1qfigs-explicit0at the trumpet's sound
2437JOB3924yf1b0he cannot stand in one place

he is too excited to stand still

2438JOB3925q35dfigs-personification0he says, 'Aha
2439JOB3925nry6figs-explicit0the thunderous shouts
2440JOB3925i8r50the outcries
2441JOB3926i2wf0Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

2442JOB3926e41gfigs-rquestion0Is it by your wisdom ... for the south?
2443JOB3926rx7sfigs-metonymy0stretches out his wings for the south
2444JOB3926ckg80for the south

In the biblical geography, birds fly south during the winter in order to live in warmer climates.

2445JOB3927bv180Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

2446JOB3927qk6sfigs-rquestion0Is it at your orders ... nest in high places?
2447JOB3927cd7kfigs-abstractnouns0at your orders
2448JOB3927cz3rfigs-idiom0mounts up
2449JOB3928u8qm0a stronghold

The high cliffs are strongholds for eagles because the animals that would want to eat them cannot reach them.

2450JOB3929ps150Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

2451JOB3929ak870he searches for victims
2452JOB3929e6kd0for victims

for animals that he can kill and eat

2453JOB3929t32lfigs-synecdoche0his eyes see them
2454JOB3930e2b50His young
2455JOB3930s29l0drink up blood

drink the blood of the animal that he killed

2456JOB3930iv5j0where killed people are
2457JOB3930nx3pfigs-explicit0there he is
2458JOB40introk9mj0
2459JOB401jlf10Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

2460JOB402kpm1figs-rquestion0Should anyone who wishes to criticize try to correct the Almighty?
2461JOB402p78zfigs-pronouns0He who argues with God, let him answer
2462JOB404hez50See, I am
2463JOB404ymc50I am insignificant

I am not important

2464JOB404q9w7figs-rquestion0how can I answer you?
2465JOB407t5gffigs-simile0gird up your loins like a man

A man who tucks his robe up under his sash or belt is preparing for hard physical work, and Job was to prepare for the hard work of answering God. See how you translated this in Job 38:3. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2466JOB408piw20Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to challenge Job.

2467JOB408q5c9figs-rquestion0Will you actually say that I am unjust?
2468JOB408fj3lfigs-rquestion0Will you condemn me so you may claim you are right?
2469JOB409zc8kfigs-simile0an arm like God's
2470JOB409h8v3figs-rquestion0Can you thunder with a voice like him?
2471JOB409bf690a voice like him
2472JOB4010tc7mfigs-metaphor0clothe yourself in glory and dignity; array yourself in honor and majesty
2473JOB4011ec11figs-metaphor0Scatter around the excess of your anger
2474JOB4011vj9f0bring him down

take away everything he is proud of

2475JOB4013se3tfigs-synecdoche0their faces
2476JOB4013y16qfigs-euphemism0the hidden place

a euphemism for the place where people's spirits go when they die (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])

2477JOB4015t3an0behemoth

a large water animal, possibly the hippopotamus

2478JOB4015zzb30he eats

the behemoth eats

2479JOB4015h3k4figs-simile0eats grass like an ox

Both the behemoth and the ox eat grass. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

2480JOB4016utj10loins ... belly's muscles

These two phrases refer to the same part of the body.

2481JOB4017t5ejfigs-simile0like a cedar

Cedar is a very hard wood, and his tail becomes very hard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

2482JOB4018g8shfigs-simile0like tubes of bronze

Here, his bones are compared to tubes made of bronze to show how tough this animal is. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

2483JOB4018v226figs-simile0like bars of iron

This last comparison describes the strength of this great animal. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

2484JOB4019kd2r0chief of the creatures
2485JOB4019c5rbfigs-pronouns0the creatures of God. Only God
2486JOB4020f3rufigs-personification0the hills provide him with food
2487JOB4021h5670lotus plants

flowering plants that float on the water in swampy areas

2488JOB4021uth50reeds

tall grasses found in swamps or marshes

2489JOB4022y4zd0lotus plants

flowering plants that float on the water in swampy areas. See how you translated this in Job 40:19.

2490JOB4022k86u0willows of the brook

Willows are large trees that grow in damp ground. If they are unknown in your culture, you can use a general term for trees that grow near water.

2491JOB4023vbe30banks

sides of the river

2492JOB4023x8nv0though the Jordan should surge up to his mouth

even if the flood of the Jordan should come up to his mouth

2493JOB4024uyb7figs-rquestion0Can anyone capture him with a hook ... snare?
2494JOB41introet130

Job 41 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of this chapter, which is an extended quotation of Yahweh, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text. It is a continuation of the previous chapter.

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Rhetorical questions

Yahweh uses a series of rhetorical questions in this chapter in order to defend his character and to convince Job to repent. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

Animals

There are several animals mentioned in this chapter that do not exist and may never have existed. It may be necessary to leave these names untranslated or to translate their names as adjectives.

2495JOB411hgy70General Information:

God continues speaking. He is using many rhetorical questions to challenge Job.

2496JOB411tg8afigs-rquestion0Can you draw out Leviathan with a fishhook?
2497JOB411f9dw0draw out

pull out of the water

2498JOB411li7cfigs-ellipsis0Or tie up his jaws with a cord?
2499JOB411t8j20his jaws

Leviathan's jaws

2500JOB412y88efigs-rquestion0Can you put a rope into his nose ... with a hook?
2501JOB413f3f9figs-rquestion0Will he make many pleas to you?
2502JOB413sz4n0he

Leviathan

2503JOB413d9dmfigs-rquestion0Will he speak soft words to you?
2504JOB414bmh50Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to rebuke Job. He uses rhetorical questions to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan.

2505JOB414lt8sfigs-rquestion0Will he make a covenant with you, that you should take him for a servant forever?
2506JOB414k4da0he ... him
2507JOB415d2evfigs-rquestion0Will you play with him as you would with a bird?
2508JOB415kt39figs-rquestion0Will you tie him up for your servant girls?
2509JOB416al1qfigs-rquestion0Will the groups of fishermen bargain for him?
2510JOB416s28mfigs-rquestion0Will they divide him up to trade among the merchants?
2511JOB416z2rx0Will they divide

Will the groups of fishermen divide

2512JOB417j9ni0Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to rebuke Job. He uses rhetorical questions to remind Job that Job is not powerful like Leviathan.

2513JOB417j5dmfigs-rquestion0Can you fill his hide with harpoons or his head with fishing spears?
2514JOB417ymn40his

Leviathan's

2515JOB417g9bk0harpoons

large spears with barbed points that people use to hunt large sea creatures

2516JOB418y27l0him

Leviathan

2517JOB419pg910See
2518JOB419s2hefigs-activepassive0will not anyone be thrown down to the ground just by the sight of him?
2519JOB419x9zn0the sight of him
2520JOB4110jk4f0Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to rebuke Job by asking him rhetorical questions. He uses rhetorical questions to remind Job that Yahweh is much more powerful than both Leviathan and Job.

2521JOB4110wj5rfigs-rquestion0None is so fierce that he dare stir Leviathan up; who, then, is he who can stand before me?
2522JOB4111s27efigs-rquestion0Who has first given anything to me in order that I should repay him?
2523JOB4112pqy2figs-litotes0I will not keep silent concerning ... nor about ... nor about
2524JOB4112c6dk0concerning Leviathan's legs, nor about the matter of his strength, nor about his graceful form

These are three things about which God will not keep silent.

2525JOB4112x2pd0his
2526JOB4113ppr40Connecting Statement:

Yahweh continues to rebuke Job by asking him rhetorical questions.

2527JOB4113fp4xfigs-rquestion0Who can strip off his outer covering?
2528JOB4113xw7s0his ... his

Leviathan's

2529JOB4113r6zdfigs-metaphor0Who can penetrate his double armor?
2530JOB4114e1dkfigs-rquestion0Who can open the doors of his face ... terror?
2531JOB4115wa6cfigs-metaphor0shields
2532JOB4115s54h0tight together as with a close seal
2533JOB4116jl620One is so near to another

One row of shields is so near to another (Job 41:15).

2534JOB4116cs180between them

between the rows of shields (Job 41:15)

2535JOB4117z5wz0They ... they ... they

the rows of shields (Job 41:15).

2536JOB4117x9sgfigs-activepassive0they cannot be pulled apart
2537JOB4118tbj30from his snorting
2538JOB4118wjz6figs-simile0his eyes are like the eyelids of the morning dawn

This means that his eyes are red as the morning dawn is red. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

2539JOB4118vs550his
2540JOB4119mp8pfigs-parallelism0Out of his mouth go burning torches, sparks of fire leap out
2541JOB4119pl7d0his
2542JOB4120pqy70nostrils

the two openings of the nose

2543JOB4120uk6dfigs-simile0smoke like a boiling pot

Both the smoke and a boiling pot are very hot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

2544JOB4121lgl10kindles coals into flame

causes coals to catch fire

2545JOB4122xx910his ... him
2546JOB4122lw67figs-abstractnouns0terror dances in front of him
2547JOB4123uak5figs-activepassive0they cannot be moved
2548JOB4124b1b7figs-simile0His heart is as hard as a stone

A rock or stone does not change and become soft. Possible meanings are 1) Leviathan's physical chest and the organs inside it are physically hard or 2) Leviathan is not afraid of anything or 3) Leviathan is spoken of as a person who kills without ever being sorry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

2549JOB4124ja7y0a lower millstone
2550JOB4125u1vw0he ... himself

Leviathan

2551JOB4125ygt10the gods
2552JOB4126m7ws0strikes him

strikes Leviathan

2553JOB4127hml3figs-simile0He thinks of iron as if it were straw
2554JOB4127uu6efigs-ellipsis0of bronze as if it were rotten wood
2555JOB4128jl4xfigs-metaphor0to him sling stones become chaff

Chaff cannot hurt Leviathan, and sling stones are just as ineffective as chaff. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

2556JOB4128w7pl0him ... him

Leviathan

2557JOB4129zzu4figs-activepassive0Clubs are regarded as straw
2558JOB4129yn7yfigs-personification0he laughs at the whirring flight of a spear

The person throwing the spear hopes that the spear will kill Leviathan, but the writer speaks as if Leviathan knows the spear will not kill him and so laughs. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

2559JOB4129rx150he laughs

Leviathan laughs

2560JOB4130jdd90His ... he ... he

These words refer to Leviathan.

2561JOB4130sy31figs-simile0he leaves a spreading trail in the mud as if he were a threshing sledge

Just as a threshing sledge goes over grain on a threshing floor and turns it to powder, so Leviathan's tail leaves a trail in the mud as he wags it when he walks. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

2562JOB4131p2f10He makes the deep to foam up like a pot of boiling water

As he passes through the water, he leaves a trail of bubbles behind him, like the bubbling of boiling water in a pot

2563JOB4131bj7m0He
2564JOB4131z9pufigs-simile0he makes the sea like a pot of ointment

The ointment in a pot is cloudy if someone shakes it, and the sea is muddy when Leviathan swims in it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

2565JOB4132xdy60one would think the deep had gray hair

This is because the bubbles in his wake are white.

2566JOB4133p5t90there is no equal to him

no other creature is like Leviathan

2567JOB4133f5nc0him

Leviathan

2568JOB4134b5cm0He sees everything that is proud

He is very, very proud

2569JOB4134c959figs-personification0he is king over all the sons of pride
2570JOB4134n88z0He ... he

Leviathan

2571JOB42introg9q60

Job 42 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Some translations prefer to set apart extended quotations, prayers, or songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of 42:1-6, which is an extended quotation of Job, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.

Having faced the temptation to curse Yahweh, and after being rebuked by him, in the end Job shows his complete trust in Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/tempt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/curse]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/trust]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Justice

Yahweh enacts justice at the end of this book. He punishes Job's friends and restores Job's blessings. Yahweh's blessing was not dependent upon Job's repentance, but upon Yahweh's grace. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/bless]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/grace]])

2572JOB422bdu3figs-ellipsis0I know that you can do all things, that no purpose of yours can be stopped
2573JOB422wu37figs-activepassive0no purpose of yours can be stopped
2574JOB423b75dfigs-rquestion0Who is this
2575JOB423en66figs-explicit0conceals plans

That is, hides or misrepresents God's plans. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

2576JOB425gp4afigs-metaphor0but now my eye sees you
2577JOB426y9x9figs-metonymy0despise myself
2578JOB426d1wv0despise

intensely dislike

2579JOB426p13dtranslate-symaction0I repent in dust and ashes

Sitting in dust and ashes is a symbolic act showing the person is sorry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

2580JOB427bj1v0It came about that

This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.

2581JOB427izh10Eliphaz the Temanite

See how you translated this man's name in Job 2:11

2582JOB427snw3figs-metaphor0My wrath is kindled against you
2583JOB428fh9utranslate-numbers0seven bulls
2584JOB428vy3tfigs-abstractnouns0so that I may not deal with you after your folly
2585JOB429h2t80Bildad the Shuhite

See how you translated this man's name in Job 2:11

2586JOB429tm970Zophar the Naamathite

See how you translated this man's name in Job 2:11

2587JOB429l5p5figs-metonymy0Yahweh accepted Job
2588JOB4210khw70Yahweh restored his fortunes
2589JOB4211nlf50all who knew him before

all the people he had known before

2590JOB4212bw3afigs-ellipsis0more than the first
2591JOB4212ud3itranslate-numbers0fourteen thousand sheep

14,000 sheep (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])

2592JOB4212qax5translate-numbers0six thousand camels

6,000 camels (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])

2593JOB4212g7yptranslate-numbers0one thousand yoke of oxen

1,000 yoke of oxen (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])

2594JOB4213z7x9translate-numbers0seven sons and three daughters

7 sons and 3 daughters (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]])

2595JOB4214xd1htranslate-names0Jemimah ... Keziah ... Keren-Happuch

women's names (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

2596JOB4215l9nw0no women were found as beautiful as Job's daughters

Job's daughters were more beautiful than all the other women

2597JOB4216s5nitranslate-numbers0lived 140 years
2598JOB4217d827figs-doublet0being old and full of days