en_tn/en_tn_17-EST.tsv

83 KiB

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3EST1introv1fp0

Esther 01 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

The king's divorce

The king's advisers were afraid that husbands would lose their authority when they heard the queen had refused to come to show her beauty to the king's guests; so the advisers told him to divorce her.

4EST11zzz20In the days of Ahasuerus
5EST11v5tswriting-background0this is Ahasuerus who reigned from India as far as Cush, over 127 provinces

This is background information to help the reader identify Ahasuerus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

6EST11k8tn0provinces

A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government.

7EST12dk31figs-metonymy0sat on his royal throne
8EST12wf720fortress

This refers to a castle, stronghold or fortified city.

9EST12hgm3translate-names0Susa

This was a royal city of Persian kings. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

10EST13ry7mtranslate-numbers0In the third year of his reign
11EST13prm1figs-synecdoche0The army
12EST14m8xafigs-doublet0the wealth of the splendor of his kingdom
13EST14lun5figs-doublet0the honor of the glory of his greatness
14EST14x1v6translate-numbers0180 days
15EST15ue3x0When these days were completed

At the end of that feast

16EST15fv9y0a feast lasting seven days
17EST15eb650fortress

This refers to a castle, stronghold or fortified city.See how you translated this in Esther 1:1.

18EST15mj16translate-names0Susa

See how you translated the name of this place in Esther 1:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

19EST16asn40a mosaic pavement
20EST16eyi20porphyry

This is a kind of red and purple rock that contained pieces of crystal.

21EST17urm7figs-activepassive0Drinks were served in golden cups
22EST17r6ec0there was much royal wine that came because of the king's generosity

the king was very generous with the royal wine

23EST17wpq10generosity

great willingness to give

24EST18g5gu0There must be no compulsion

No one must be forced to drink

25EST18f6px0king had given orders to all the officials of his palace to do according to the desire of each man

This statement means that the king told his workers to give all the guests as much wine as they wanted.

26EST110jv7ztranslate-numbers0On the seventh day
27EST110le6lfigs-synecdoche0the king's heart was feeling happy because of the wine
28EST110dcb2translate-names0Mehuman, Biztha, Harbona, Bigtha, Abagtha, Zethar, and Karkas

These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

29EST110ens5writing-background0the seven officials who served before him

This is background information to explain who these men were. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

30EST111qvk40her features were stunning

she was very beautiful

31EST112b57qfigs-activepassive0at the word of the king that had been brought to her by the officials
32EST112kp6p0at the word

at the command

33EST112bsd5figs-metaphor0his rage burned within him
34EST113g9fe0who understood the times

who understood the things that happened in their lives

35EST113x2u7writing-background0for this was the king's procedure toward all who were expert in law and judgment

This background information explains why the king called these men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

36EST114cc44translate-names0Karshena, Shethar, Admatha, Tarshish, Meres, Marsena, and Memukan

These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

37EST115j6shfigs-explicit0In compliance with the law ... by the officials?
38EST115ics90In compliance with the law
39EST116ss5ytranslate-names0Memukan

Translate his name as in Esther 1:14. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

40EST116yqr8figs-hyperbole0all the officials and all the people ... all the provinces

These are exaggerations to emphasize the damage that the queen's refusal caused. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])

41EST116ecp20provinces

a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in Esther 1:1.

42EST117gn4gfigs-hyperbole0all women

This is an exaggeration to emphasize the damage that the queen's refusal caused. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])

43EST118u6d70There will be much contempt and anger

They will be angry with their husbands and treat them with contempt

44EST119j7p10Connecting Statement:

Meremoth continues to answer the king.

45EST119d8qkfigs-123person0If it pleases the king ... from him ... before him ... Let the king
46EST119mh1afigs-activepassive0which cannot be repealed
47EST120des3figs-123person0the king's decree ... his vast kingdom
48EST120v9l3figs-activepassive0When the king's decree is proclaimed
49EST120p8nz0vast

very wide

50EST120be9rfigs-merism0from the greatest to the least significant

This is a merism that refers to both extremes and everyone in between. This probably refers to the husbands, but it is possible that it refers to the wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-merism]])

51EST121p5ustranslate-names0Memukan

Translate his name as in Esther 1:14. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

52EST122n1pr0province

A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in Esther 1:1.

53EST122jj9n0every man should be master of his own household

all men should have complete authority over their wives and their children

54EST122e481figs-activepassive0This decree was given
55EST2introeb4q0

Esther 02 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Esther becomes queen

Esther was humble and took the advice of the royal officials about how to dress for her time with the king. The king chose Esther to be the new queen.

Mordecai warns the king against a plot

Esther's cousin, Mordecai, discovered that two men planned to kill the king. He told Esther, who then told the king. She also gave Mordecai credit for telling her.

56EST21dpc3writing-newevent0After these things

This introduces a new event that happened a while later. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])

57EST21e4lp0the anger of King Ahasuerus subsided

the king became less angry

58EST21xpt90the decree

This is refers to the decree in Esther 1:19-20.

59EST22s4hvfigs-activepassive0Let a search be made
60EST22abt8figs-123person0on the king's behalf
61EST23lu870Connecting Statement:

The young servants continue to speak to the king.

62EST23g9vpfigs-123person0Let the king ... the king's official
63EST23f1hs0provinces

A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in Esther 1:1.

64EST23j4ka0harem

where the wives of a man with many wives live

65EST23my1y0the fortress

This refers to a castle, stronghold or fortified city. See how you translated this in Esther 1:2.

66EST23xqf9translate-names0Susa

See how you translated the name of this place in Esther 1:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

67EST23d754figs-activepassive0Let them be put under the care of Hegai, the king's official, who is in charge of the women
68EST23lf71translate-names0Hegai

This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

69EST23w1ly0their cosmetics
70EST24lh3nfigs-123person0pleases the king
71EST25h6z2writing-participants0There was a certain Jew

This introduces Mordecai as a new character in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])

72EST25uu9itranslate-names0Susa

Translate the name of this city as in Esther 1:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

73EST25q2rztranslate-names0son of Jair son of Shimei son of Kish
74EST25kw5t0a Benjamite

of the tribe of Benjamin

75EST26egm7writing-background0He had been taken away ... king of Babylonia carried away
76EST26z7fe0He had been taken away from Jerusalem

The Hebrew text leaves unclear who is being spoken of here. It is perhaps Kish, who seems to have been the great-grandfather of Mordecai. If it was Mordecai himself, then he would be extremely old at the time of the events concerning Esther. Many modern versions leave this matter unclear. A few versions, including the UST, choose to assume that it was Mordecai who had been taken away from Jerusalem.

77EST26ch1ttranslate-names0Jehoiachin, king of Judah

(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

78EST27skt5writing-background0

This continues the background information about Mordecai and explains his relationship to Esther. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

79EST27m9kxtranslate-names0Hadassah

This is Esther's Hebrew name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

80EST27hfm90his uncle's daughter

his cousin

81EST27ccb10she had neither father nor mother

her father and mother had died

82EST27jl3y0took her as his own daughter

cared for her as if she was his own daughter

83EST28c52ifigs-activepassive0When the king's order and decree were proclaimed
84EST28qz1y0proclaimed

announced

85EST28m3ldfigs-activepassive0many young women were brought
86EST28mbk1figs-activepassive0They were put under Hegai's care
87EST28n3zcfigs-activepassive0Esther also was taken into the king's palace and put under the care of Hegai, the overseer of the women
88EST28a7n70palace

See how you translated this in Esther 1:5.

89EST29wqb3figs-doublet0The young girl pleased him, and she found favor with him
90EST29f8i80The young girl

Esther

91EST211nz1p0about Esther's welfare
92EST212jcj8writing-background0General Information:

Verses 12-14 are background information about the customs for the women who became the king's wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

93EST212p7i50complying with the regulations for the women

acting in accordance with the requirements for the women

94EST212zhd10beauty treatments

Things done to make the girls look more beautiful and smell good.

95EST213v133figs-activepassive0whatever she desired was given to her
96EST213te4h0palace

See how you translated this in Esther 1:5.

97EST214leb8writing-background0

This continues the background information that began in Esther 2:12 about the customs for the women who became the king's wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

98EST214ded5figs-explicit0in the morning
99EST214lq9htranslate-numbers0second house
100EST214yw630to the custody of Shaashgaz, ... concubines

to where Shaashgaz, ... concubines would take care of her

101EST214ze740custody
102EST214q5yxtranslate-names0Shaashgaz

This is a man's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

103EST215fiy8writing-newevent0Now when the time came

This introduces a new part of the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])

104EST215jk51writing-newevent0daughter of Abihail, the uncle of Mordecai, who had taken her as his own daughter

This background information reminds the reader of Esther's relationship to Mordecai. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])

105EST215mg8ytranslate-names0Abihail

Esther's father and Mordecai's uncle (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

106EST215qx3u0she did not ask for anything but what
107EST215vw9rtranslate-names0Hegai

See how you translated this man's name in Esther 2:3. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

108EST215z519figs-idiom0received the favor of all
109EST216jr5stranslate-hebrewmonths0the tenth month, which is the month of Tebeth
110EST216x6ygtranslate-ordinal0seventh year
111EST217p3s70The king loved
112EST217bcu8figs-idiom0received acceptance and favor before him
113EST217sym3translate-symaction0set the royal crown on her head

The king did this to show that he was making her his queen. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

114EST218b1hdfigs-explicit0Esther's feast,
115EST218ufm80he granted relief from taxation to the provinces

he collected fewer taxes from the provinces than he had been collecting

116EST218n5cv0provinces

A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in Esther 1:1.

117EST218n3vx0royal generosity

generosity that only a king can give

118EST219g38f0when the virgins had been gathered together a second time

It is unclear when this second gathering happened, and why. Therefore some versions have altered the text somewhat. It is probably best to translate it as it is written.

119EST219p842translate-numbers0a second time
120EST219a23f0Mordecai was sitting at the king's gate
121EST219i8in0the king's gate

the gate to the king's palace

122EST220fb390as Mordecai had instructed her

Mordecai told her not to tell anyone about her family.

123EST221vi16writing-newevent0In those days

This introduces a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])

124EST221y2vltranslate-names0Bigthana and Teresh

These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

125EST222y7tvfigs-activepassive0When the matter was revealed to Mordecai
126EST222dgp3figs-idiom0in the name of Mordecai
127EST223ld4yfigs-activepassive0The report was investigated and confirmed, and both the men were hanged
128EST223y28jtranslate-unknown0a gallows
129EST223g9nhfigs-activepassive0This account was written
130EST3introzb260

Esther 03 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Haman plots against the Jews

Mordecai considered prostrating himself before Haman. This would be considered to be worship. It was wrong to worship someone other than Yahweh. Because of this, he refused to do it on religious grounds. This made Haman angry so he decided to kill all the Jews in the Persian Empire.

131EST31mm4cwriting-newevent0After these things

This introduces a new event in the story. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])

132EST31ir5vtranslate-names0Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite

This is the name and description of Haman, one of the king's officials. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

133EST31ptm4figs-idiom0placed his seat of authority above all the officials who were with him
134EST32e25ktranslate-symaction0knelt ... prostrated

These acts represent submission to the authority of Haman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

135EST32fg8v0prostrated themselves to Haman

humbled themselves and lay flat on the ground before Haman

136EST34uek40to see if the matter about Mordecai would remain like that

to find out what Haman would do about Mordecai's actions

137EST35njt5translate-symaction0did not kneel and bow down

Mordecai showed disrespect for Haman's status in the government by not doing these actions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

138EST35wk8pfigs-metaphor0Haman was filled with rage
139EST36k5h90He had contempt for the idea of killing only Mordecai
140EST36hue90exterminate all the Jews
141EST37zl12translate-ordinal0In the first month
142EST37wyv6translate-hebrewmonths0which is the month of Nisan
143EST37tw99translate-ordinal0in the twelfth year of King Ahasuerus
144EST37g4lttranslate-names0the Pur—that is the lot—was thrown
145EST37k3vdtranslate-ordinal0the twelfth month
146EST37ih4btranslate-hebrewmonths0the month of Adar
147EST38aig90a certain people
148EST38p4a80scattered and distributed

who live in many different places

149EST38id3h0provinces

A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in Esther 1:1.

150EST38r34xfigs-123person0the king's ... the king
151EST38bf9g0it is not suitable for the king to let them stay
152EST39eh3wfigs-synecdoche0I will weigh out ... into the hands of those
153EST39lhv5translate-bmoney0ten thousand talents of silver
154EST310c9md0signet ring

a special ring that could be used to imprint the king's official seal on a proclamation

155EST311sz4bfigs-activepassive0I will see that the money is given back to you
156EST312hx6cfigs-activepassive0the king's scribes were summoned ... a decree containing all that Haman had commanded was written
157EST312t6qatranslate-hebrewmonths0thirteenth day of the first month

This is the first month of the Hebrew calendar. The thirteenth day is near the beginning of April on Western calendars. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])

158EST312th6l0king's provincial governors
159EST312lyf2figs-activepassive0It was written in the name of King Ahasuerus and was sealed with his ring
160EST312h6xpfigs-metonymy0in the name of
161EST313hxx6figs-activepassive0Documents were hand-delivered by couriers
162EST313xs6gfigs-doublet0annihilate, kill, and destroy
163EST313g5brtranslate-ordinal0thirteenth day of the twelfth month
164EST313i5urtranslate-hebrewmonths0which is the month of Adar
165EST313pbp10plunder

steal by force

166EST314tj7nfigs-activepassive0A copy of the letter was made law in every province
167EST314vga20province

A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in Esther 1:1.

168EST314l9w7figs-activepassive0In every province it was made known to all the people
169EST314f6dc0this day

that day

170EST315i12cfigs-activepassive0The decree was also distributed
171EST315m9270the fortress

This refers to a castle, stronghold or fortified city. See how you translated this in Esther 1:2.

172EST315nlk8translate-names0Susa

See how you translated the name of this place in Esther 1:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

173EST315wm4u0was in turmoil

was in a state of great confusion

174EST4introz7u20
175EST41nya60learned of all that had been done

found out about those letters

176EST41vgy8translate-symaction0tore his clothes and put on sackcloth and ashes
177EST43e73y0province

A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in Esther 1:1.

178EST43e7zx0there was great mourning among the Jews

the Jews mourned greatly

179EST43djf60Many of them lay in sackcloth and ashes

Many of them were on the ground, dressed in sackcloth and sitting in ashes

180EST44q7ll0young women and her servants

female servants and male servants

181EST44y8bc0to clothe Mordecai

for Mordecai to wear

182EST45vf4mtranslate-names0Hathak

This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

183EST45lp8mfigs-activepassive0one of the king's officials who had been assigned to serve her
184EST46icg7translate-names0Hathak

See how you translated this man's name in Esther 4:5. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

185EST46mgl50the city square

the city plaza

186EST47zq3stranslate-names0Haman

See how you translated this man's name in Esther 3:1. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

187EST48zt490He also gave him

Mordecai also gave Hathak

188EST48gds60to beg for his favor

to beg for the king's favor

189EST411d9mh0if any man or woman goes to the king ... the king holds out the golden scepter
190EST411gv1vtranslate-numbers0thirty days
191EST414i1uyfigs-personification0relief and rescue will rise up for the Jews from another place
192EST414dtg7figs-rquestion0Who knows whether you have come to this royal position for such a time as this?
193EST416d6cqtranslate-names0Susa

See how you translated the name of this place in Esther 1:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

194EST416t2wgtranslate-symaction0fast for me ... will fast
195EST416qw8vtranslate-numbers0three days
196EST5introk5ff0

Esther 05 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter begins a section about Haman's fall (Chapters 5-7).

Special concepts in this chapter

Esther's respect

Esther approached the king with the utmost of respect. By doing this, her character became respected by the king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

197EST51uk7p0facing the entrance to the house
198EST52pw4xfigs-metaphor0she received approval in his eyes
199EST52uu8s0He held out to her the golden scepter in his hand

He did this to show that he he was pleased with her.

200EST52z4mn0touched the tip of the scepter

She probably did this to to show that she respected his authority and was thankful for his kindness to her.

201EST53c6h7figs-activepassive0Up to half of my kingdom, it will be given to you
202EST54m3uyfigs-123person0If it pleases the king, let the king and Haman come ... for him
203EST54nx4vtranslate-names0Haman

See how you translated this man's name in Esther 3:1. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

204EST56d5wrfigs-abstractnouns0What is your petition
205EST56e2v2figs-activepassive0It will be granted you
206EST56q5ntfigs-abstractnouns0What is your request
207EST56pj3pfigs-activepassive0Up to half of the kingdom, it will be granted
208EST57r4awfigs-doublet0My petition and my request
209EST58c2jyfigs-123person0if I have found favor in the eyes of the king and if it pleases the king
210EST58c2brfigs-idiom0if I have found favor in the eyes of the king
211EST58x8hffigs-123person0let the king and Haman come
212EST58gf9bfigs-123person0I will answer the king's question
213EST59dkg6translate-symaction0Mordecai neither rose up

Rising was a sign of respect. Mordecai did not give Haman special respect. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

214EST59s47ufigs-metaphor0he was filled with rage
215EST510uc3i0Nevertheless
216EST510v5nlfigs-metaphor0Haman restrained himself
217EST510bcn1translate-names0Zeresh

This is a woman's name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

218EST511mvm5figs-abstractnouns0Haman recounted to them the splendor of his riches
219EST511m7fqfigs-abstractnouns0all the promotions by which the king honored him
220EST511b7c5figs-metaphor0how he had advanced above all the officials and the servants of the king
221EST512w1bm0no one else but me
222EST513wu840is worth nothing to me
223EST514i2f3translate-unknown0a gallows

a structure used for killing a person by tying one end of a a rope around the top of the structure and the other end of the rope around the person's neck and hanging him from it. See how you translated this in Esther 2:23. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

224EST514k8zdtranslate-numbers0fifty cubits high
225EST514i8is0he had the gallows constructed

he told people to construct the gallows

226EST514bbs90This pleased Haman

Haman liked this idea

227EST6introi9x70

Esther 06 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter continues the story of Haman's fall.

Special concepts in this chapter

Approaching the king

It was not possible for a person to easily approach the king. Normally, access to him was very limited. There are several events in this chapter which show the layers of protection surrounding the king.

228EST62syd9translate-names0Bigthana and Teresh

These are the names of two men. See how your translated their names in Esther 2:21. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

229EST62u4gifigs-metaphor0It was found recorded there
230EST63lmz6figs-activepassive0What was done to give honor
231EST63n2azfigs-activepassive0Nothing was done for him
232EST64ys6c0Haman

See how you translated this man's name in Esther 3:1

233EST64guv80the outer courtyard

the first courtyard from the outside

234EST64vu7pfigs-explicit0hanging Mordecai
235EST64at53translate-unknown0the gallows he set up for him
236EST64rg8t0set up

built

237EST66ky5ifigs-123person0What should be done for the man whom the king takes pleasure in honoring
238EST66n3r5figs-idiom0the king takes pleasure in honoring
239EST66jh4ifigs-metaphor0said in his heart
240EST66yft1figs-rquestion0Whom would the king take pleasure in honoring more than me?
241EST68mz79figs-activepassive0let royal robes be brought
242EST68r63j0on whose head is the royal crest
243EST69pp3lfigs-activepassive0Then let the robes and the horse be given
244EST69pfz60Let them dress ... in honoring, and let them lead him

Tell them to dress ... in honoring and to lead him

245EST69qs3k0Let them proclaim

Tell the noble official and servants to proclaim

246EST610gln70Do not fail in a single matter of what you have said
247EST612uri5translate-symaction0with his head covered

People often covered their head to show that they were either extremely sad or ashamed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

248EST613pkd2translate-names0Zeresh

See how you translated this woman's name in Esther 6:13. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

249EST613fd5kfigs-metaphor0before whom you have begun to fall ... you will certainly fall before him
250EST613nan5figs-metaphor0you will not overcome him
251EST7introx4w30
252EST71n8vbtranslate-names0Haman

See how you translated this man's name in Esther 3:1. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

253EST72xt9f0On this second day

on this second day of feasting

254EST72s5ae0while they were serving wine

while the servants were pouring the wine and giving it to them

255EST72p1xtfigs-abstractnouns0What is your petition
256EST72sem7figs-activepassive0It will be granted to you
257EST72yks7figs-activepassive0Up to half of the kingdom, and it will be granted
258EST73k27cfigs-idiom0If I have found favor in your eyes, king
259EST73bvi1figs-abstractnouns0this is my petition
260EST74fhs7figs-metaphor0For we have been sold
261EST74e9cxfigs-doublet0to be destroyed, killed, and annihilated
262EST75dl4bfigs-idiom0Where is this person to be found who has filled his heart to do such a thing
263EST76ar4f0was terrified

was extremely afraid

264EST77bzd4figs-idiom0The king got up in a rage
265EST77uaq60to beg for his life from Queen Esther

to beg Queen Esther to save his life

266EST77qz1mfigs-metaphor0He saw that disaster was being decided
267EST77nin1figs-activepassive0disaster was being decided against him by the king
268EST78mxd2figs-activepassive0where the wine had been served
269EST78h4c70couch

a long piece of furniture where a person can sit or lie down

270EST78thq6figs-rquestion0Will he assault the queen in my presence in my own house?
271EST78l4cefigs-euphemism0assault the queen
272EST78adq6figs-metonymy0As soon as this sentence came out of the king's mouth
273EST78ju8qfigs-explicit0the servants covered Haman's face
274EST79a7ictranslate-names0Harbona

This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

275EST79sre1translate-numbers0A gallows fifty cubits tall
276EST710umd4figs-metaphor0Then the king's rage died down
277EST8introz6j70

Esther 08 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

God's protection

Yahweh is at work in this chapter preventing the Jews from possible destruction. God used Esther and Mordecai to protect their people.

278EST81nm3u0Haman

See how you translated this man's name in Esther 3:1.

279EST82m5hztranslate-unknown0signet ring

This ring had the king's name or mark on it. When he put a wax seal on important papers, he would press the mark onto the seal. If a paper had this mark on its seal, people would know that what was written on the paper was written with the king's authority and had to be obeyed. See how you translated this in Esther 3:10. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

280EST82z5yn0gave it to Mordecai

By giving his signet ring to Mordecai, the king gave Mordecai the authority to write important papers that people would have to obey.

281EST82d2tj0Haman's estate

This refers to the things that had belonged to Haman and that the king had given to Esther.

282EST83uh2a0pleaded with

begged

283EST83jmn7figs-explicit0to put an end to the evil plan of Haman the Agagite
284EST83bp220the Agagite

See how you translated this in Esther 3:1

285EST83c2hw0scheme that he had devised
286EST84xh240the king held out the golden scepter to Esther

He did this to show that he was pleased with her. See how you translated a similar phrase in Esther 5:2

287EST85w7yl0If it pleases the king

If what I ask for pleases the king

288EST85ftc7figs-idiom0if I have found favor in your eyes
289EST85h8zbfigs-metaphor0if the thing seems right before the king
290EST85xci7figs-metonymy0I am pleasing in your eyes
291EST85nbk30revoke

take back and make of no effect

292EST85s7bttranslate-names0Hammedatha

This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

293EST85q2iz0provinces

A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in Esther 1:1.

294EST86udt6figs-rquestion0For how could I bear to see disaster fall on my people? How could I endure watching the destruction of my relatives?
295EST87h44hfigs-synecdoche0the house of Haman
296EST87t1fv0gallows

See how you translated this in Esther 6:4

297EST88j3mnfigs-metonymy0Write ... in the name of the king

Writing something in the king's name represents writing it with his authority, or writing it as his representative. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

298EST88t52ifigs-activepassive0For the decree ... ring cannot be revoked
299EST88i9nnfigs-explicit0For the decree ... ring cannot be revoked
300EST88fg72figs-metonymy0decree that has already been written in the king's name

Writing something in the king's name represents writing it with his authority, or writing it as his representative. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

301EST89s4uefigs-activepassive0the king's scribes were called
302EST89j356translate-hebrewmonths0the third month, which is the month of Sivan, on the twenty-third day of the month
303EST89sz6jfigs-activepassive0A decree was written
304EST89zp4qtranslate-numbers0127 provinces
305EST89bvt40provinces

A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in in Esther 1:1.

306EST89bj5s0written in their own writing
307EST810ijp2figs-metonymy0wrote in the name of King Ahasuerus

Writing something in the king's name represents writing it with his authority, or writing it as his representative. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

308EST810jf310signet ring

See how you translated this phrase in Esther 8:2

309EST810yt4j0couriers

people who carry messages

310EST810p9ucfigs-explicit0bred from the royal stud
311EST811ig7u0gave to the Jews ... permission to gather

told the Jews ... that he was allowing them to gather

312EST811e1mjfigs-metaphor0make a stand
313EST812hi2y0the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar

See how you translated this in Esther 3:13

314EST813qk1dfigs-idiom0to take vengeance on their enemies
315EST814b69jfigs-idiom0They went without delay
316EST814s4qitranslate-names0Susa

This is the city where the king's palace was. See how you translated it in Esther 1:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

317EST815eqc4figs-metonymy0the city of Susa shouted and rejoiced
318EST815i1ecfigs-hendiadys0shouted and rejoiced
319EST816q2rufigs-metaphor0had light and gladness
320EST816n94ufigs-explicit0honor
321EST817k1eh0province

A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in Esther 1:1.

322EST817va7tfigs-metaphor0wherever the king's decree reached
323EST817p89m0holiday

day on which people celebrate special events

324EST817r3qffigs-metaphor0the fear of the Jews had fallen on them
325EST9introyty10
326EST91t9yc0the twelfth month, which is the month of Adar, on the thirteenth day

See how you translated a similar phrase in Esther 3:13.

327EST91wh56figs-idiom0when the king's law and decree were about to be carried out
328EST91ect2figs-idiom0to gain power over them
329EST91lq9yfigs-metaphor0it was reversed
330EST92t3lz0provinces

A province is a large area into which some countries are divided for the purposes of government. See how you translated this in Esther 1:1.

331EST92tj62figs-metonymy0to lay hands on those who tried to bring disaster on them
332EST92d44xfigs-idiom0who tried to bring disaster on them
333EST92x8s3figs-metonymy0No one could stand against them
334EST92h7jhfigs-metaphor0the fear of them had fallen on all the peoples
335EST93xn990provincial governors

governors of the provinces

336EST93q2uefigs-metaphor0the fear of Mordecai had fallen on them
337EST94xd490was great in the king's house

was very important in the king's palace

338EST94mr66figs-metaphor0his fame spread throughout all the provinces
339EST96g8ht0the fortress

This refers to a castle, stronghold or fortified city. See how you translated this in Esther 1:2.

340EST96b5fttranslate-names0Susa

This was a royal city of Persian kings. See how you translated this in Esther 1:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

341EST96ha18translate-numbers0five hundred men
342EST97s6x2translate-names0Parshandatha, Dalphon, Aspatha

These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

343EST98g6zxtranslate-names0Poratha, Adalia, Aridatha

These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

344EST99gj4ptranslate-names0Parmashta, Arisai, Aridai, Vaizatha

These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

345EST910fsa2translate-numbers0ten sons
346EST910tv36translate-names0Haman

This is the name and description of Haman, one of the king's officials. See how you translated this in Esther 3:1. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

347EST910r3bitranslate-names0Hammedatha

See how you translated this man's name in Esther 3:1. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

348EST910xt5b0the enemy of the Jews

This phrase tells us about Haman.

349EST912cz3etranslate-numbers0five hundred men
350EST912j5p9translate-numbers0ten sons
351EST912vh5lfigs-rquestion0What then have they done in the rest of the king's provinces?
352EST912s3srfigs-abstractnouns0what is your petition?
353EST912n3uafigs-activepassive0It will be granted you
354EST912ly4gfigs-abstractnouns0What is your request?
355EST913nz41figs-idiom0to carry out this day's decree tomorrow also
356EST913nr1ptranslate-numbers0ten sons
357EST913qyu8translate-unknown0gallows
358EST915p9gc0the fourteenth day of the month of Adar

See how you translated a similar phrase in Esther 3:13.

359EST915lp12figs-metonymy0laid no hands on the plunder
360EST916i1d1translate-numbers0seventy-five thousand
361EST916m2cxfigs-metonymy0they did not lay their hands on the valuables of those they killed
362EST916kms10valuables
363EST917ll4f0the thirteenth day of the month of Adar

See how you translated a similar phrase in Esther 3:13.

364EST917kjj10On the fourteenth day they rested

On the fourteenth day of Adar the Jews who were in the provinces rested

365EST918w531figs-explicit0the Jews who were in Susa assembled together
366EST921n4v9figs-idiom0to keep the fourteenth and the fifteenth day of Adar every year
367EST922nch1figs-metaphor0their sorrow turned to joy
368EST923fy5p0General Information:

This passage summarizes much of the story of Esther in order to explain the reason for the festival of Purim.

369EST924ib25translate-names0Haman son of Hammedatha the Agagite

This is the name and description of Haman, one of the king's officials. See how you translated this in Esther 3:1. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

370EST924bcy20he threw Pur (that is, he threw lots)
371EST924xz7sfigs-explicit0he threw Pur (that is, he threw lots)
372EST925m8x30But when the matter came before the king
373EST925y57bfigs-idiom0the wicked plan Haman developed against the Jews should come back on his own head
374EST926buf1figs-idiom0they called these days Purim, after the name of Pur
375EST926c1gitranslate-names0Purim

This is the name of the festival that commemorates the salvation of the Jewish people in ancient Persia from Haman's plot to destroy and kill all the Jews in a single day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

376EST926yq8mfigs-explicit0the name of Pur.
377EST928hc8sfigs-activepassive0These days were to be celebrated and observed
378EST928i2qk0would never cease to faithfully observe
379EST929je8e0Queen Esther daughter of Abihail and Mordecai the Jew wrote ... this second letter

Esther was the daughter of Abihail. Esther and Mordecai wrote the letter.

380EST929cm8ctranslate-names0Abihail

Esther's father and Mordecai's uncle. See how you translated this in Esther 2:15. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

381EST929ku7dtranslate-numbers0second letter
382EST930iw9yfigs-activepassive0Letters were sent to all the Jews
383EST930u389translate-numbers0127 provinces
384EST930iaf7figs-abstractnouns0wishing the Jews safety and truth
385EST931rl2sfigs-metaphor0The Jews accepted this obligation for themselves and their descendants
386EST931rgr9figs-metaphor0they accepted times of fasting and lamenting
387EST10introh4m40

Esther 10 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Mordecai's new position

Through the power of Yahweh, Mordecai was given a new position in the Persian Empire. Mordecai was now the second in command in the kingdom of Persia and he used his position to help other Jews.

388EST101b5htfigs-metonymy0imposed a tax on the land and on the coastlands along the sea
389EST102p98nfigs-abstractnouns0All the achievements of his power and might
390EST102k7tcfigs-metaphor0the full account of the greatness of Mordecai to which the king had raised him
391EST103wfb80second in rank to King Ahasuerus

the most important person after King Ahasuerus

392EST103iui7figs-metaphor0Jewish brothers
393EST103wte9figs-metaphor0he sought the welfare of his people
394EST103s8f80he spoke for the peace of all his people

he represented his people so that they might have peace