en_tn/en_tn_07-JDG.tsv

268 KiB

1BookChapterVerseIDSupportReferenceOrigQuoteOccurrenceGLQuoteOccurrenceNote
2JDGfrontintrov8pn0
3JDG1introa4am0
4JDG11r9ee0Connecting Statement:

The book of Judges continues the story about Joshua and is also the beginning of a new part of the story.

5JDG11b9my0Yahweh

This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.

6JDG11c92jfigs-exclusive0will attack the Canaanites for us
7JDG12c4zwfigs-synecdoche0Judah will attack
8JDG12i2v60See
9JDG12ysi6figs-explicit0this land
10JDG13k7aq0their brothers
11JDG13x2kz0Come up with us
12JDG13p8mqfigs-activepassive0that was assigned to us ... that was assigned to you
13JDG13yz2b0We will likewise go with you
14JDG14ku4hfigs-explicit0The men of Judah attacked

It is implied that the men of Simeon attacked with the men of Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

15JDG14n19dtranslate-numbers0They killed ten thousand
16JDG14vmc40of them
17JDG14c9xqtranslate-names0Bezek

This is an area in the mountains of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

18JDG15w88ltranslate-names0Adoni-Bezek

This man was the leader of the army of the Canaanites and the Perizzites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

19JDG15i3pnfigs-synecdoche0they fought against him
20JDG16vz6p0pursued him

chased him

21JDG17es2ptranslate-numbers0Seventy kings
22JDG17t5fdfigs-activepassive0who had their thumbs and their big toes cut off
23JDG17p5cwfigs-metonymy0gathered their food from under my table
24JDG18hh58figs-metonymy0the city of Jerusalem and took it
25JDG18ca78figs-metonymy0They attacked it
26JDG18k6zefigs-synecdoche0with the edge of the sword
27JDG19cs3t0the men of Judah went down to fight
28JDG19q3x90in the Negev

in the southern Judean wilderness

29JDG19x4ew0foothills

hills at the base of a mountain or mountain range

30JDG110ax37writing-background0the name of Hebron was previously Kiriath Arba

This is background information. Some people who first read this book had probably heard of Kiriath Arba but did not know that it was the same as the city that they called Hebron. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

31JDG110edk7translate-names0Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai
32JDG111lh59writing-background0the name of Debir was previously Kiriath Sepher
33JDG111fn5g0was previously
34JDG112e7kffigs-metonymy0Whoever attacks Kiriath Sepher and takes it
35JDG112n39vtranslate-names0Aksah

This is the name of Caleb's daughter. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

36JDG113xa4btranslate-names0Othniel, son of Kenaz

These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

37JDG114u3cc0she urged him

Aksah urged Othniel

38JDG115m3cg0Give me a blessing
39JDG115rz4ufigs-explicit0Since you have given me the land of the Negev
40JDG115n8difigs-explicit0Since you have given me the land

This implies that Caleb did give her the field when she asked him for it (verse 14). She is now asking for springs of water in addition to that field. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

41JDG116x6ei0of Moses' father-in-law

of the father of Moses' wife

42JDG116fqe90father-in-law the Kenite went up

father-in-law, who was one of the Ken people, went up

43JDG116n6kh0went up from the City of Palms ... into the wilderness

left the City of Palms ... and went into the wilderness

44JDG116a29wfigs-explicit0City of Palms

This is another name for the city of Jericho. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

45JDG116u7t8translate-names0Arad

This is the name of a city in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

46JDG117e48a0the men of Simeon their brothers
47JDG117nd84translate-names0Zephath

This is the name of a city in Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

48JDG117iy2dfigs-explicit0The name of the city was called Hormah
49JDG119vtq2figs-idiom0Yahweh was with the people of Judah
50JDG119g27v0plains

a very large area of level, treeless ground

51JDG120ys79figs-activepassive0Hebron was given to Caleb (like Moses had said)
52JDG120eml1figs-synecdoche0three sons of Anak
53JDG120tyj7translate-names0Anak

This is the name of a man. Anak and his descendants were famous for being very tall. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

54JDG121l6aj0to this day
55JDG122da33figs-metonymy0The house of Joseph
56JDG122pc1nfigs-metonymy0to attack Bethel
57JDG123ffy30spy

to get information secretly

58JDG123vx3fwriting-background0the city that was formerly called Luz

This is background information. Some people who first read this book had probably heard of Luz but did not know that it was the same as the city that they called Bethel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

59JDG124qdm80spies

people who get information secretly

60JDG125dj1jfigs-metonymy0they attacked the city
61JDG125ncm9figs-synecdoche0with the edge of the sword
62JDG125uw87figs-idiom0get away
63JDG126i4r50Luz

This new town started in the land of the Hittites was named after the town of Luz, near Bethel, that the man had left.

64JDG126ym4e0which is its name to this day
65JDG127va98translate-names0Beth Shan ... Taanach ... Dor ... Ibleam ... Megiddo

These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

66JDG127grh40because the Canaanites were determined to live in that land
67JDG128m64kfigs-metonymy0When Israel became strong
68JDG128h7tu0they forced the Canaanites to serve them with hard labor

they forced the Canaanites to do hard work for them

69JDG129ek8nfigs-metonymy0Ephraim did not
70JDG129u8mqtranslate-names0Gezer

The name of one of the cities in the Ephraim area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

71JDG130z9jefigs-metonymy0Zebulun did not drive out
72JDG130p5amtranslate-names0Kitron ... Nahalol

These are names of cities in the land of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

73JDG130l8tvfigs-metonymy0but Zebulun forced
74JDG130cp5q0hard labor

difficult labor

75JDG131e29rfigs-metonymy0Asher did not drive
76JDG131b612translate-names0Akko ... Sidon ... Ahlab, Akzib, Helbah, Aphek ... Rehob

These are names of cities in the land of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

77JDG133d9v1translate-names0Beth Shemesh ... Beth Anath

These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

78JDG133pck2figs-activepassive0the inhabitants of Beth Shemesh and Beth Anath were forced into hard labor for Naphthali
79JDG134w8it0not allowing them to come down

stopping them from coming down

80JDG134ijt50plain

a very large area of flat land without trees

81JDG135qwt2translate-names0Mount Heres

This is the name of a large hill on which the city of Aijalon was built. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

82JDG135cw8ttranslate-names0Aijalon ... Shaalbim

These are names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

83JDG135x2760the military might of the house of Joseph conquered them

the tribes of people who descended from Joseph were able to conquer them because of their powerful army

84JDG135uvw1figs-metonymy0house of Joseph
85JDG136g7nxtranslate-names0the hill of Akrabbim
86JDG136qr2wtranslate-names0Sela

This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

87JDG2intromf6a0
88JDG21tt9y0angel of Yahweh
89JDG21q2ka0went up from Gilgal to Bokim

left Gilgal and went to Bokim

90JDG21x66itranslate-names0Bokim
91JDG21te37figs-ellipsis0and said
92JDG21im2i0brought you up from Egypt

led you from Egypt

93JDG21ha9u0your fathers
94JDG21p92ufigs-idiom0break my covenant with you
95JDG22syq4figs-metonymy0you have not listened to my voice
96JDG22w8ysfigs-rquestion0What is this that you have done?
97JDG23lva50General Information:

The angel of Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.

98JDG23kdq3figs-quotesinquotes0So now I say, 'I will not ... trap for you.'
99JDG23plg4figs-metaphor0become thorns in your sides
100JDG23y4wm0thorns

sharp pieces of wood up to 7 centimeters long that stick out from some plants

101JDG23b6w1figs-metaphor0their gods will become a trap for you

The Israelites worshiping the Canaanite gods is spoken of as if the false gods were a hunter's trap that catches an animal and causes it harm. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

102JDG24f5v20shouted and wept

cried many tears

103JDG26p53v0Now when Joshua
104JDG26u1xbwriting_background0when Joshua ... of their land

The events of 1:1-2:5 happened after Joshua died. This is recounting events that happened at the end of the book of Joshua. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing_background]])

105JDG26i12efigs-explicit0to the place assigned
106JDG27kcc2writing_background0
107JDG27ydz90during the lifetime
108JDG27g5ah0the elders

Here this means the men who helped lead Israel, participating in matters of social justice and in religious matters such as maintaining the law of Moses.

109JDG27qml90outlived him
110JDG28ii19writing_background0
111JDG28m4jxwriting_background0Joshua son of Nun ... died at the age of 110 years old
112JDG28k12wtranslate-names0Nun

This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

113JDG28xfn6translate-numbers0110 years old
114JDG29ne2zfigs-activepassive0he was assigned
115JDG29yk2stranslate-names0Timnath Heres

This is the name of an area of land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

116JDG29f8u2translate-names0Mount Gaash

This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

117JDG210umh1figs-euphemism0All that generation was also gathered to their fathers
118JDG210r6cs0fathers

Here this means the ancestors of a certain person or people group.

119JDG210flq10grew up
120JDG210qd7f0who did not know Yahweh
121JDG211yhh4figs-metaphor0what was evil in the sight of Yahweh
122JDG211gx61translate-names0Baals
123JDG212tp3ffigs-metaphor0They broke away from Yahweh

The Israelites no longer obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they physically broke away from him and left him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

124JDG212re2c0their fathers
125JDG212n4xlfigs-metaphor0They went after other gods

The Israelites starting to worship false gods is spoken of as if the Israelites walked and went after the false gods. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

126JDG212w9r2translate-symaction0bowed down to them

This is an act of worship and giving honor to someone. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

127JDG212j3xw0They provoked Yahweh to anger

They caused Yahweh to become angry

128JDG213ddu6translate-names0Ashtoreths

This is the plural of Ashtoroth, who was worshiped as a goddess in many different forms. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

129JDG214r6xmfigs-metaphor0The anger of Yahweh burned against Israel
130JDG214bjf90he gave them to the raiders who stole their possessions from them

he let raiders steal their possessions

131JDG214v1kifigs-metaphor0He sold them as slaves who were held by the strength of their enemies around them, so they could no longer defend themselves against their enemies
132JDG215b13pfigs-metonymy0Yahweh's hand was against them to defeat them
133JDG215n59g0they were in terrible distress

they were suffering terribly

134JDG216t2b3figs-metaphor0Then Yahweh raised up judges

Yahweh appointing persons to be judges is spoken of as if he were raising or lifting the persons up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

135JDG216myh2figs-metonymy0out of the hand of those
136JDG217p49i0they would not listen to their judges

they would not obey their judges

137JDG217dv8sfigs-simile0gave themselves like prostitutes to other gods and worshiped them
138JDG217wwn40their fathers
139JDG218eau5figs-metaphor0When Yahweh raised up judges

Yahweh appointing persons to be judges is spoken of as if he raised or lifted up the persons. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

140JDG218hz8j0judges for them ... rescued them
141JDG218ql9kfigs-metonymy0the hand of their enemies
142JDG218j2rk0all the days the judge lived

as long as the judge lived

143JDG218n8w40pity

to have compassion for someone or something

144JDG218g95tfigs-metonymy0as they groaned
145JDG219q63wfigs-metaphor0they would turn away

The people no longer obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they would physically turn away from Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

146JDG219fnt40their fathers
147JDG219kid3figs-metaphor0They would go after other gods to serve them and worship them
148JDG219lq1afigs-litotes0They refused to give up any of their evil practices or their stubborn ways
149JDG220b7rkfigs-metaphor0The anger of Yahweh burned against Israel

The anger of Yahweh is described as burning like a fire. See how you translated this phrase in Judges 2:14. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

150JDG220clk3figs-metonymy0this nation has broken
151JDG221ry6qfigs-metonymy0any of the nations
152JDG222n194figs-metaphor0they will keep the way of Yahweh and walk in it

How Yahweh wants people to live or behave is spoken of as if it were a way or road. A person obeying Yahweh is spoken of as if they were walking in his way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

153JDG223tn49figs-doublet0did not drive them out quickly and give them into the hand of Joshua
154JDG223b618figs-metonymy0into the hand of Joshua
155JDG3introk35h0
156JDG31w2is0Now Yahweh
157JDG31hp8z0these nations

This refers to the people groups that the narrator will list in 3:3.

158JDG31xj63figs-activepassive0who had not experienced any of the wars fought in Canaan
159JDG32l4u8writing-background0He did this to teach warfare to the new generation of the Israelites who had not known it before
160JDG33mgb4figs-synecdoche0the five kings
161JDG33upq5translate-names0Mount Baal Hermon

This is the highest mountain in Israel. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

162JDG33z6zctranslate-names0Hamath Pass

This is the name of an area at the northern boundary of Canaan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

163JDG34vqn2figs-activepassive0These nations were left
164JDG34dzs70as a means

as a way

165JDG34f89f0whether they would ... gave their ancestors
166JDG34wbc70the commands he gave

the commands Yahweh gave

167JDG37p6m5figs-metaphor0what was evil in the sight of Yahweh
168JDG37e1t1figs-idiom0forgot Yahweh their God
169JDG38yg7pfigs-metaphor0the anger of Yahweh was set on fire
170JDG38gwp8figs-metaphor0sold them into the hand of Cushan-Rishathaim
171JDG38zj78figs-metonymy0into the hand of Cushan-Rishathaim
172JDG38b1vltranslate-names0Cushan-Rishathaim

This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

173JDG38a27ltranslate-names0Aram Naharaim

This is the name of a country. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

174JDG39vg5kfigs-metaphor0Yahweh raised up someone

Yahweh appointing someone to do a special work for him is spoken of as if Yahweh raised or lifted up the person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

175JDG39k6r60Othniel ... Kenaz

See how you translated these men's names in Judges 1:13.

176JDG310y8450empowered him

This phrase means that Yahweh helped Othniel to have and develop the qualities he needed to be a great leader.

177JDG310rq2z0he judged Israel
178JDG310k8cdfigs-synecdoche0he went out to war
179JDG310l4lhfigs-synecdoche0Yahweh gave him victory over Cushan-Rishathaim king of Aram
180JDG310f953figs-metonymy0The hand of Othniel
181JDG311svg9figs-metonymy0The land had peace
182JDG311i8kstranslate-numbers0forty years
183JDG312l914figs-metaphor0what was evil in the sight of Yahweh
184JDG312nj1tfigs-abstractnouns0Yahweh gave strength to Eglon king of Moab
185JDG312s1wnfigs-synecdoche0to Eglon king of Moab to overpower the Israelites
186JDG312z23qtranslate-names0Eglon

This is the name of a king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

187JDG313rp3h0the City of Palms

This is another name for the city of Jericho. See how you translated this in Judges 1:16.

188JDG314h6y6translate-numbers0eighteen years
189JDG315mpv50called out to Yahweh

Here this means to shout or speak loudly to someone far away. It can also mean to ask someone for help, especially God.

190JDG315zn6dfigs-metaphor0raised up someone

Yahweh appointing someone to do a special service for him is spoken of as if he raised or lifted up the person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

191JDG315jja5translate-names0Ehud ... Gera

These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

192JDG315w4sk0left-handed

Ehud was better able to hold a sword with his left hand.

193JDG316fm5ltranslate-bdistance0one cubit
194JDG316i3y70he strapped it on under his clothing on his right thigh

he tied it to his right thigh under his clothing

195JDG316s4wh0thigh

the part of the leg between the knee and the hip

196JDG317k42dwriting-background0Now Eglon was a very fat man
197JDG319q56yfigs-activepassive0when he reached the place where the carved images were made near Gilgal
198JDG320f67g0in the coolness of the upper room

This is a room above the lower level that was used for rest and to remain cool during the hot part of the day.

199JDG320p7fttranslate-symaction0The king got up out of his seat

Standing up was a sign of honoring God will listening to his message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

200JDG322k49p0The tip of the sword came out of his back

The sharp end of the sword came out of his back

201JDG323djg40porch

an outside room with low walls and a roof covering

202JDG324z2qtfigs-euphemism0Surely he is relieving himself

This is a polite way to speak about a person having a bowel movement (defecating) or urinating. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]])

203JDG325d7zv0until they felt they were neglecting their duty

They waited until they became worried that something was wrong and it was their duty to open the doors to their king's private room.

204JDG325e1jf0took the key and opened them

took the key and opened the doors

205JDG326r2igfigs-events0While the servants were waiting ... Ehud escaped
206JDG326x36qtranslate-names0Seirah

This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

207JDG327zet1figs-ellipsis0When he arrived
208JDG328s9y40General Information:

Ehud speaks to the people of Israel in Ephraim.

209JDG328ax6hfigs-metaphor0for Yahweh is about to defeat your enemies

Yahweh helping the Israelites to defeat their enemies is spoken of as if Yahweh were a warrior who would fight and defeat their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

210JDG328i3vy0captured the fords

gained control of the fords

211JDG328k9q10fords

the areas of a river where it is shallow and easy to walk across to the other side

212JDG328uf810did not allow anyone to cross

did not let anyone cross

213JDG329jjy8translate-numbers0ten thousand men
214JDG329e6ge0capable men
215JDG330ch1zfigs-activepassive0Moab was subdued by the strength of Israel
216JDG330par9figs-metonymy0the strength of Israel
217JDG330w1xrfigs-metonymy0the land had rest
218JDG330dln1translate-numbers0eighty years
219JDG331psq10judge

God appointed judges to lead the people of Israel in times of trouble after they entered the Promised Land and before they had kings. Often judges rescued the Israelites from their enemies.

220JDG331xdh8translate-names0Shamgar

The name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

221JDG331uz68translate-names0Anath

The name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

222JDG331f6s9translate-numbers0600 men
223JDG331z3lr0a stick used to goad cattle
224JDG331n8z3figs-metonymy0He also delivered Israel from danger
225JDG4intropjw50

Judges 04 General Notes

Structure and formatting

Chapters 4 and 5 form one section about Barak and Deborah.

Special concepts in this chapter

Barak's leadership

At this time, it was very unusual for a woman to be a leader, especially a military leader. Barak lacked the strength to go into battle without Deborah. This indicates that Barak was a poor leader. If a woman won the battle for him, it would have brought Barak shame. It also indicates that Deborah was very well respected. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

226JDG41h4q70Ehud

See how you translated this man's name in Judges 3:15.

227JDG41aq65figs-metaphor0what was evil in the sight of Yahweh
228JDG42yj14figs-metonymy0Yahweh sold them into the hand of Jabin king of Canaan
229JDG42i943translate-names0Jabin ... Sisera

These are the names of men (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

230JDG42fk1ttranslate-names0Hazor ... Harosheth Haggoyim

These are the names of cities or places (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

231JDG43ftq8translate-numbers0nine hundred iron chariots
232JDG43k27q0twenty years

20 years

233JDG44e7xnwriting-background0Now

This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells background information about Deborah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

234JDG44nnu6translate-names0Deborah

This is the name of a woman (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

235JDG44gru6translate-names0Lappidoth

This is the name of a man (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

236JDG44lj930judge

God appointed judges to lead the Israelites in times of trouble. Often the judges rescued them from their enemies.

237JDG45uy3x0palm of Deborah

This tree was named after Deborah.

238JDG46b5l8translate-names0General Information:

The writer of Judges refers to men, a city, a mountain, and a river by their names. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

239JDG46ehp5translate-names0Barak ... Abinoam

These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

240JDG46yn83translate-names0Mount Tabor

This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

241JDG46vi2xtranslate-numbers0ten thousand men
242JDG47rm5r0I will draw out
243JDG47mmc1figs-synecdoche0draw out Sisera
244JDG47hl3v0draw out

to cause people to come away from a safe location

245JDG47k3na0Sisera ... Jabin

See how you translated these men's names in Judges 4:2.

246JDG47sue6translate-names0Kishon

This is the name of a river. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

247JDG48qr6v0General Information:

Barak has a discussion with Deborah.

248JDG48b27v0Barak

See how you translated this man's name in Judges 4:6.

249JDG49y6wwfigs-metaphor0the road on which you are going will not lead to your honor
250JDG49v8rifigs-metonymy0for Yahweh will sell Sisera into the hand of a woman
251JDG49msw70Sisera

See how you translated this man's name in Judges 4:2.

252JDG49bi9q0Deborah

See how you translated this woman's name in Judges 4:4.

253JDG410g69ftranslate-numbers0Ten thousand men
254JDG411wq16writing-background0Now

This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the narrator tells background information about Heber the Kenite. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

255JDG411fty7translate-names0Heber ... Hobab

These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

256JDG411aup80Kenite

See how you translated this in Judges 1:16

257JDG411jez10Moses' father-in-law

the father of Moses' wife

258JDG411y5mftranslate-names0Zaanannim

This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

259JDG412rkt10When they told Sisera
260JDG412dcw10Sisera

See how you translated this man's name in Judges 4:2.

261JDG412i2cf0Barak ... Abinoam ... Mount Tabor

See how you translated these names in Judges 4:6.

262JDG413r3xwfigs-metonymy0Sisera called out all his chariots
263JDG413avt4translate-numbers0nine hundred iron chariots
264JDG413x4xy0Harosheth Haggoyim

See how you translated the name of this city in Judges 4:2.

265JDG413a7q60Kishon River

See how you translated this in Judges 4:7.

266JDG414pb3bfigs-pastforfuture0Yahweh has given you victory
267JDG414r1phfigs-rquestion0Is not Yahweh leading you?
268JDG414fv1qtranslate-numbers0with ten thousand
269JDG415t5qj0Yahweh confused Sisera and all his chariots and all his army
270JDG415u8qhfigs-metonymy0all his chariots
271JDG416qj43figs-synecdoche0Barak pursued
272JDG416ce5l0Harosheth

Translate this the same way you did in Judges 4:2.

273JDG416x3gkfigs-synecdoche0the whole army of Sisera was killed by the edge of the sword
274JDG417ayi30Sisera ... Jabin ... Hazor

See how you translated these names in Judges 4:2.

275JDG417h17wfigs-idiom0ran away on foot

This is an idiom that means he was walking rather than riding a horse or in a chariot. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

276JDG417mp3utranslate-names0Jael

This is the name of a woman. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

277JDG417s2ne0Heber

See how you translated this man's name in Judges 4:11.

278JDG417kwu80Kenite

See how you translated this in Judges 1:16.

279JDG418k8b1figs-explicit0Turn aside
280JDG418u5k90blanket

a large covering for the body to sleep under for warmth, made of wool or animal skins

281JDG419cn6j0He said to her

Sisera said to Jael

282JDG421ctd60tent peg

a pointed piece of wood or metal, like a large nail, that is hammered into the ground to hold down a corner of a tent

283JDG421i8q20hammer

a heavy tool made of wood used to hit a tent peg into the ground

284JDG421lvc4figs-metaphor0a deep sleep

Like a person in a deep hole cannot easily climb out, a person in a deep sleep cannot easily wake up. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

285JDG422n7wq0Barak was pursuing
286JDG423xzh1figs-metaphor0God defeated Jabin, the king of Canaan, before the people of Israel

God causing the Israelites to defeat Jabin and his army is spoken of as is God himself defeated Jabin as the people of Israel watched. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

287JDG424y25t0The might

The military power

288JDG424zcb9figs-synecdoche0they destroyed him
289JDG5introjgd90

Judges 05 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The account of Deborah and Barak continues in this chapter.

Some translations prefer to set apart quotations, prayers, and songs. The ULT and many other English translations set the lines of Chapter 5, which is a song, farther to the right on the page than the rest of the text.

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

The flood

God caused rain and flooding to bog down Jaban's chariots making them vulnerable to soldiers on foot, even though it is not said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

290JDG51w7exfigs-explicit0On that day
291JDG51pfq90Deborah

See how you translated this name in Judges 4:4.

292JDG51l3sj0Barak ... Abinoam

See how you translated these names in Judges 4:6.

293JDG52s1810when the people gladly volunteer for war

when the men agree to fight in battle

294JDG53awd4writing-poetry0General Information:

Deborah and Barak's song continues using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])

295JDG53hs8jfigs-apostrophe0Listen, you kings! Pay attention, you leaders

Deborah and Barak speak to the kings and leaders as if they were there listening to the song. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])

296JDG53cbt10you kings ... you leaders

This refers to kings and leaders in general, not to specific kings or leaders.

297JDG54f5pufigs-metaphor0when you went out from Seir, when you marched from Edom

This refers to the time when the Israelites left Edom to start conquering the people in Canaan. Yahweh empowering his people to defeat the people of Canaan is spoken of as if he were a warrior leading the Israelite army. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

298JDG54vj7etranslate-names0Seir

Seir is a mountain on the border of the land of Israel and Edom. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

299JDG54hw54figs-metaphor0the earth shook, and the skies also trembled; also the clouds poured down water

Possible meanings are 1) this is poetic language that emphasizes Yahweh's power by describing it as causing earthquakes and storms or 2) the people of Canaan being terrified as the Israelites were about to attack them is spoken of as if the earth and sky were shaking. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

300JDG55db6hwriting-poetry0General Information:

Deborah and Barak's song continues using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])

301JDG55p4qpfigs-personification0The mountains quaked
302JDG55d62lfigs-metonymy0before the face of Yahweh
303JDG55wuf5figs-explicit0even Mount Sinai quaked
304JDG56he9e0In the days of

During the lifetime of

305JDG56asi7translate-names0Shamgar ... Anath ... Jael

These are the names of people. See how you translated Shamgar and Anath in Judges 3:31 and Jael in Judges 4:18. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

306JDG56rw34writing-background0son of Anath

Shamgar's father is mentioned to help identify Shamgar and when he lived. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

307JDG56ki5efigs-activepassive0the main roads were abandoned
308JDG56i6j50the winding paths

This refers to smaller roads that fewer people traveled on.

309JDG57n27xfigs-metaphor0I, Deborah, arose—arose as a mother in Israel
310JDG58mxk4figs-explicit0they chose new gods
311JDG58duj5figs-synecdoche0there was fighting at the city gates
312JDG58v83hfigs-hyperbole0there were no shields or spears seen among forty thousand in Israel
313JDG58dl2ntranslate-numbers0forty thousand in Israel
314JDG59u5zyfigs-metonymy0My heart goes out to the commanders of Israel
315JDG510dt2pfigs-merism0you who ride on white donkeys ... you who walk along the road
316JDG510vf240sitting on rugs for saddles

These rugs were probably used as saddles on the donkey's back to make the rider more comfortable.

317JDG511v16w0General Information:

The song of Deborah and Barak continues.

318JDG511v4bjfigs-synecdoche0Hear the voices of those
319JDG511f6ilfigs-synecdoche0went down to the city gates
320JDG512q8vlwriting-poetry0General Information:

Deborah and Barak's song continues using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-poetry]])

321JDG512de7e0Awake, awake

Possible speakers are 1) the people of Israel or 2) Deborah who is speaking to herself or 3) the poet who wrote the song.

322JDG512jc430Deborah

See how you translated this name in Judges 4:4.

323JDG512qc510Barak ... Abinoam

See how you translated these names in Judges 4:6.

324JDG513tl3e0to me with the warriors
325JDG514e478figs-metaphor0from Ephraim, whose root is in Amalek
326JDG514k3phfigs-you0followed you
327JDG514yna1translate-names0Machir

This is the place where the descendants of Machir live. Machir was the son of Manasseh and the grandson of Joseph. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

328JDG514rl91figs-metonymy0from Zebulun those who carry an officer's staff
329JDG515ruv4figs-123person0My princes in Issachar were with Deborah
330JDG515w1en0Deborah

See how you translated this name in Judges 4:4.

331JDG515sn4nfigs-metonymy0Issachar was with Barak
332JDG515yt1t0Barak

See how you translated this name in Judges 4:6.

333JDG515z2wa0rushing after him into the valley under his command

obeying his command and rushing after him into the valley

334JDG515u31z0rushing after
335JDG515sdi1figs-metonymy0there were great searchings of heart
336JDG516wc6cfigs-rquestion0Why did you sit between the fireplaces, listening to the shepherds playing their pipes for their flocks?
337JDG516xdd20the fireplaces
338JDG516jg14figs-metonymy0there were great searchings of heart
339JDG517pg1nfigs-metonymy0Gilead stayed
340JDG517zwj6figs-explicit0the other side of the Jordan

This refers to the east side of the Jordan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

341JDG517l6vzfigs-rquestion0Dan, why did he wander about on ships?
342JDG517wn8kfigs-metonymy0Dan, why did he
343JDG517wy1cfigs-explicit0wander about on ships

The tribe of Dan was located near the Mediterranean sea. They sailed on the sea to make money through trade and fishing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

344JDG517q466figs-explicit0Asher remained on the coast and lived close to his harbors
345JDG517hk9vfigs-metonymy0Asher remained
346JDG517s37f0harbors

places at the seacoast with deeper water where ships were kept

347JDG518iq38figs-ellipsis0Naphtali, also
348JDG519klr4figs-synecdoche0The kings came, they fought ... the kings of Canaan fought
349JDG519qh9sfigs-ellipsis0they fought ... fought
350JDG519bwx40Taanach ... Megiddo

Translate the names of these places as you did in Judges 1:27.

351JDG519jn5lfigs-synecdoche0no silver as plunder
352JDG519lin60plunder

things taken by force, usually in battle or by thieves

353JDG520uwf8figs-personification0From heaven the stars fought, from their paths across the heavens they fought against Sisera

Yahweh helping the Israelite to defeat Sisera and his army is spoken of as if the stars themselves fought against Sisera and his army. This may refer to Yahweh using natural elements, specifically rain storms, to defeat Sisera. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

354JDG520r9rmfigs-synecdoche0against Sisera
355JDG520ac6p0Sisera

See how you translated this name in Judges 4:2.

356JDG521yn1bfigs-explicit0The Kishon River swept them away
357JDG521h8ac0Kishon

See how you translated this in Judges 4:6.

358JDG521je12figs-synecdoche0March on my soul, be strong
359JDG522wx9vfigs-explicit0Then came the sound of horses' hooves—galloping, the galloping of his mighty ones
360JDG522n7540galloping

runninb quickly

361JDG523gg5nfigs-metonymy0Curse Meroz
362JDG523cdl6translate-names0Meroz

This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

363JDG524n5q60Jael

See how you translated this name in Judges 4:18.

364JDG524r37w0Heber

See how you translated this name in Judges 4:11.

365JDG524jve50Kenite

Translate the name of this people group as you did in Judges 1:16.

366JDG525a4wl0brought him butter
367JDG525viu5figs-explicit0a dish fit for princes

This phrase means the dish was of the best quality because princes were given the best things. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

368JDG526k8d20She put her hand to the tent peg

Jael grabbed the tent peg with her left hand

369JDG526iyf80tent peg

This is a pointed piece of wood or metal, like a large nail, that is hammered into the ground to hold down a corner of a tent. See how you translated this in Judges 4:21.

370JDG526c1ypfigs-ellipsis0her right hand to the workman's hammer
371JDG526va7c0hammer

This is a heavy tool made of wood used to hit a tent peg into the ground. See how you translated this in Judges 4:21.

372JDG526hkm30Sisera

See how you translated this man's name in Judges 4:2.

373JDG527e9gf0limp

without strength or movement

374JDG527ezv3figs-activepassive0he was violently killed
375JDG528duq10the lattice

This is a frame in the window made of crossed wood.

376JDG528mw4dfigs-parallelism0Why has it taken his chariot so long to come? Why have the hoofbeats of the horses that pull his chariots been delayed?
377JDG528k2dyfigs-metonymy0taken his chariot ... Why have the hoofbeats of the horses that pull his chariots
378JDG529xa2n0wisest princesses
379JDG529mw320she gave herself the same answer

she said to herself the same thing

380JDG530l98ifigs-rquestion0Have they not found and divided up the plunder—a womb ... plunder?
381JDG530cw6vfigs-rquestion0a womb, two wombs for every man ... of those who plunder?
382JDG530xgr7figs-synecdoche0a womb, two wombs for every man
383JDG530p9nz0dyed fabric
384JDG530zp9h0embroidered

having designs made of colored threads

385JDG530yg2cfigs-synecdoche0for the necks of those who plunder
386JDG531bi4xfigs-simile0like the sun when it rises in its might

The people of Israel wish to be like the sun that rises because no nation's army is powerful enough to stop the sunrise. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

387JDG531q1ytfigs-metonymy0the land had peace
388JDG531mw3utranslate-numbers0for forty years
389JDG6introp5sj0

Judges 06 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter begins a section about Gideon. (Chapters 6-8)

Special concepts in this chapter

Israel's punishment

In Judges, Israel's actions are connected to their obedience to Yahweh. When Israel does evil, they are oppressed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])

390JDG61ht3zfigs-metaphor0what was evil in the sight of Yahweh
391JDG61l9nlfigs-metonymy0the hand of Midian
392JDG62bs4zfigs-metonymy0The power of Midian oppressed Israel
393JDG62pl5z0dens

places in the rocky cliffs that would provide shelter

394JDG64zcp10They would set up their army
395JDG65i2ld0Whenever they and their livestock and tents came up
396JDG65e5slfigs-simile0they would come as a swarm of locusts

The Midianites are compared to a swarm of locusts because they came in with a great number of people and their livestock ate everything that grew. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

397JDG65ra2ifigs-hyperbole0it was impossible to count

This is an exaggeration, a hyperbole, showing the number is very great. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])

398JDG66eg3lfigs-metonymy0Midian weakened
399JDG66lcc3figs-idiom0called out to Yahweh
400JDG67z7safigs-idiom0called out to Yahweh
401JDG67r2ejfigs-metonymy0because of Midian
402JDG68q22q0I brought you up from Egypt

I led you out of Egypt

403JDG68h336figs-metaphor0the house of slavery
404JDG69ue1tfigs-metonymy0from the hand
405JDG610ne4sfigs-metonymy0obeyed my voice
406JDG611sex80Now

This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.

407JDG611r6sgtranslate-names0Ophrah

This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

408JDG611iz4dtranslate-names0Abiezrite

This is a people group named after their ancestor Abiezer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

409JDG611y3ww0was separating out the wheat by beating it on the floor
410JDG612fe5w0appeared to him

went to him

411JDG613as350my master
412JDG613in9xfigs-rquestion0Where are all his wonderful deeds that our fathers told us about, when they said, 'Did not Yahweh bring us up from Egypt?'
413JDG613e2k9figs-idiom0gave us into the hand of Midian
414JDG613vi7efigs-metonymy0gave us into the hand
415JDG613buc4figs-metonymy0of Midian
416JDG614n2w10Yahweh looked at him

Yahweh looked at Gideon

417JDG614kx2tfigs-metonymy0from the hand
418JDG614wuu9figs-metonymy0of Midian
419JDG614zs9hfigs-rquestion0Have I not sent you?
420JDG615w5e80Please, Lord
421JDG615wn75figs-rquestion0how can I deliver Israel?
422JDG615gpv80See, my family

Look at my family and me and you will see that it

423JDG615gp6c0in Manasseh

in the tribe of Manasseh

424JDG615tw55figs-metonymy0in my father's house
425JDG616p1xafigs-idiom0I will be with you
426JDG616fhe8figs-explicit0as one man
427JDG618ngy50set it before you

place it in front of you

428JDG619kmz6translate-bvolume0from an ephah of flour
429JDG619c4pf0broth

water that has had food, such as meat, cooked in it

430JDG619r55k0them to him

them to the angel of God

431JDG620u9cs0angel of God
432JDG621ggc20angel of Yahweh

In 6:11-24 Yahweh appears to Gideon in the form of an angel. See how you translated this in Judges 6:11.

433JDG621x8t90went away

disappeared

434JDG622x6iw0angel of Yahweh

In 6:11-24 Yahweh appears to Gideon in the form of an angel. See how you translated this in Judges 6:11.

435JDG622l2ppfigs-exclamations0Ah, Lord Yahweh!
436JDG622c1ktfigs-idiom0seen the angel of Yahweh face to face
437JDG623b3hafigs-explicit0Yahweh said to him

Apparently Yahweh spoke to Gideon from heaven. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

438JDG624s81y0To this day

This means to the time when the book of Judges was written.

439JDG624y4ya0Ophrah

Translate the name of this town as you did in Judges 6:11.

440JDG624w4kn0the clan of Abiezer

Translate the name of this people group as you did in Judges 6:11.

441JDG625h71ytranslate-ordinal0a second bull
442JDG625n1rh0that is beside it

that is beside the altar of Baal

443JDG626tj4p0on the top of this place of refuge

The city of Ophrah was on top of a hill. Israelites fled there for refuge from the Midianites.

444JDG626gvr90construct it the correct way
445JDG627xp8k0did as Yahweh had told him

This refers to Yahweh's command in Judges 6:25-26.

446JDG628mii10got up
447JDG628i5zbfigs-activepassive0the altar of Baal was broken down, and the Asherah that was beside it was cut down, and the second bull had been offered on the altar that had been built
448JDG630r7h5figs-activepassive0he may be put to death
449JDG631jw4vfigs-rquestion0Will you plead the case for Baal?
450JDG631xk3a0plead the case
451JDG631n471figs-rquestion0Will you save him?
452JDG632j4wktranslate-names0Jerub Baal
453JDG632q44c0because he said

because Joash said

454JDG633ual50Now

This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.

455JDG633eu5dfigs-explicit0gathered together
456JDG634d9ebfigs-idiom0came over Gideon
457JDG634sz1y0clan of Abiezer

Translate the name of this people group as you did in Judges 6:11.

458JDG634zxl8figs-ellipsis0so they might follow him
459JDG635sy9tfigs-activepassive0and they too, were called out to follow him
460JDG635qb25figs-metonymy0to Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali
461JDG637uf1b0woolen fleece

the woolly coat of a sheep

462JDG637qz5z0dew

water that forms on plants during the night

463JDG637s8rifigs-explicit0then I will know that you will
464JDG638cs870Gideon rose

Gideon got out of bed

465JDG638ub6l0wrung

twist and squeeze something to remove water

466JDG7introq5450
467JDG71u9630Jerub Baal

This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated his name in Judges 6:32.

468JDG71se4n0they encamped

they set up their camp

469JDG71q9lutranslate-names0spring of Harod ... hill of Moreh

These are the names of places. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

470JDG71w8xbfigs-metonymy0The camp of Midian was to their north
471JDG72ja78figs-abstractnouns0for me to give you victory over the Midianites
472JDG72ww36figs-metonymy0Our own power has saved us
473JDG73i31q0Now
474JDG73ahw6figs-synecdoche0proclaim in the ears of the people
475JDG73gt6xfigs-parallelism0Whoever is afraid, whoever trembles

Both of these phrases have the same meaning. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

476JDG73h7mv0trembles
477JDG73m53afigs-explicit0let him return
478JDG73iup9translate-names0Mount Gilead

This is the name of a mountain in the region of Gilead. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

479JDG73s1sdtranslate-numbers0twenty-two thousand
480JDG73wn6ffigs-ellipsis0ten thousand remained
481JDG73z1zrtranslate-numbers0ten thousand
482JDG74t9ydfigs-metonymy0I will make their number smaller for you there
483JDG75iem1figs-go0Gideon brought
484JDG75w69s0laps

to drink by licking with the tongue

485JDG76ae7ktranslate-numbers0Three hundred men
486JDG77e8uvtranslate-numbers0three hundred men
487JDG77gk97figs-you0I will rescue you and give you victory
488JDG78j7gyfigs-activepassive0So those who were chosen
489JDG78u2nh0took their supplies and their trumpets
490JDG78cx8b0Now

This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.

491JDG79u84qfigs-metonymy0Attack the camp, for I am going to give you victory over it
492JDG710xqh7figs-ellipsis0afraid to go down
493JDG710u4w3translate-names0Purah

This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

494JDG711j99jfigs-activepassive0your courage will be strengthened
495JDG711wv5r0guard posts

places around the edge of an area where soldiers stand to watch for an enemy army

496JDG712r5wwfigs-simile0as thick as a cloud of locusts
497JDG712zt6sfigs-hyperbole0Their camels were more ... in number than the grains of the sand on the seashore

The author uses a hyperbole, an exaggeration, to emphasize that there were very many camels. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])

498JDG712d37kfigs-activepassive0Their camels were more than could be counted
499JDG714yg52figs-metonymy0This is nothing other than the sword of Gideon
500JDG714v4e2figs-pastforfuture0God has given him victory over Midian
501JDG716xjf2translate-numbers0three hundred men
502JDG718rj9wfigs-explicit0For Yahweh and for Gideon!
503JDG719cxa7translate-numbers0hundred men
504JDG719wba70right at the beginning of the middle watch

The beginning of the middle watch would be around 10 o'clock at night.

505JDG720zfw1figs-metonymy0The sword of Yahweh and of Gideon
506JDG722nw1rtranslate-numbers0three hundred trumpets
507JDG722nk36figs-metonymy0Yahweh set every Midianite man's sword against his comrades
508JDG722rv5btranslate-names0Beth Shittah ... Zererah ... Abel Meholah ... Tabbath

These are the names of towns and cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

509JDG723u5e9figs-activepassive0The men of Israel from Naphtali, Asher, and all Manasseh were called out
510JDG724js9ytranslate-names0Beth Barah

This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

511JDG724u7ze0took control of the waters, as far as Beth Barah and the Jordan River

took control of the area of the Jordan River as far south as Beth Barah

512JDG725hn84figs-explicit0at the rock of Oreb ... at the winepress of Zeeb

The places were given these names after the Israelites killed Oreb and Zeeb there. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

513JDG725rvj8translate-names0Oreb ... Zeeb

These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

514JDG8introzh950
515JDG81sea3figs-rquestion0What is this you have done to us?
516JDG81f8fyfigs-metonymy0against Midian
517JDG81whc10they had a violent argument with him
518JDG82xg1a0General Information:

Gideon replies to the men from Ephraim.

519JDG82wpi2figs-rquestion0What have I done now compared to you?
520JDG82xg8bfigs-rquestion0Are not the gleanings of Ephraim's grapes better than the full grape harvest of Abiezer?
521JDG82i6yrfigs-rquestion0Are not the gleanings of Ephraim's grapes better than the full grape harvest of Abiezer?
522JDG82rr59figs-metonymy0Abiezer

This is the name of one of Gideon's ancestors. Gideon used his name to refer to Abiezer's descendants and their land. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

523JDG83x1xa0Oreb and Zeeb

See how you translated these names in Judges 7:25.

524JDG83bi55figs-rquestion0What have I accomplished compared to you?
525JDG83riv20died down

became less

526JDG84f6yptranslate-numbers0the three hundred men
527JDG84s9yvfigs-abstractnouns0kept up the pursuit
528JDG85zt2qtranslate-names0Zebah and Zalmunna

These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

529JDG86l71pfigs-rquestion0Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna now in your hand?
530JDG86aw3gfigs-synecdoche0Are the hands of Zebah and Zalmunna
531JDG86bn4xfigs-metonymy0now in your hand
532JDG86k3emfigs-rquestion0Why should we give bread to your army?
533JDG87gwp6figs-explicit0I will tear your skin with the desert thorns and briers
534JDG87j77m0thorns and briers

sharp, pointed pieces on vines or tree limbs that stick out and can cut people and animals

535JDG88bi3xfigs-synecdoche0He went up from there
536JDG88ikw7translate-names0Peniel

The name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

537JDG88ak91figs-ellipsis0spoke to the people there in the same way
538JDG89y4qffigs-euphemism0When I come again in peace
539JDG89nth4figs-synecdoche0I will pull down this tower
540JDG810nfu60Now

This word is used here to mark a break in the story line. Here the narrator starts to tell a new part of the story.

541JDG810tli80Zebah and Zalmunna

See how you translated these names in Judges 8:5.

542JDG810vw38translate-names0Karkor

This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

543JDG810bh2jtranslate-numbers0fifteen thousand men
544JDG810p2iwfigs-euphemism0had fallen
545JDG810j3dktranslate-numbers0120,000 men
546JDG810mz6tfigs-metonymy0men who drew the sword
547JDG811t81pfigs-synecdoche0Gideon went up
548JDG811y551figs-synecdoche0He defeated
549JDG811jbu9translate-names0Nobah and Jogbehah

These are names of towns. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

550JDG812dmu90Zebah and Zalmunna

See how you translated these names in Judges 8:5.

551JDG812if5y0panic

extreme fear or worry that makes someone unable to think or act normally

552JDG813w2l7translate-names0the pass of Heres

This is the name of a road that passes between two mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

553JDG814a6z2figs-explicit0questioned him
554JDG814l2rrtranslate-numbers0seventy-seven officials
555JDG815buj30Zebah and Zalmunna

See how you translated these names in Judges 8:5.

556JDG815bnf8figs-rquestion0Have you already conquered Zebah and Zalmunna?
557JDG816ct8gfigs-synecdoche0Gideon took ... he punished
558JDG816vr3e0thorns and briers

These are sharp, pointed pieces on vines or tree limbs that stick out and can cut people and animals. See how you translated this in Judges 8:7.

559JDG817dbh6figs-synecdoche0he pulled
560JDG817jg810Peniel

Translate the name of this city as you did in Judges 8:8.

561JDG818lav20Zebah and Zalmunna

See how you translated these names in Judges 8:5.

562JDG818gw8k0Tabor

Translate the name of this city as you did in Judges 4:6.

563JDG818q1pd0As you are, so were they

They were just like you

564JDG819jb1yfigs-idiom0As Yahweh lives
565JDG820xg9ftranslate-names0Jether

This is the name of Gideon's son. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

566JDG821p21pfigs-idiom0For as the man is, so is his strength
567JDG821lzn10crescent

This is a curved shape with two points. This shape occurs when the moon is mostly covered in shadow.

568JDG821eu980ornaments

decorations

569JDG822n3hyfigs-metonymy0out of the hand of Midian
570JDG822zz2ffigs-metonymy0of Midian
571JDG824va810Gideon said to them

Gideon said to the men of Israel

572JDG824qb9s0earrings

jewelry worn on the ear

573JDG824e5zj0plunder

things stolen by force or taken off of people killed in war

574JDG824c2b3writing-background0The Midianites had golden earrings because they were Ishmaelites

Here the narrator tells background information about the Midianites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

575JDG825ark20cloak

clothing made from a large piece of fabric and worn over the shoulders as a coat

576JDG826z8qbtranslate-numbers01,700 shekels of gold
577JDG826w5mz0crescent ornaments

See how you translated this in Judges 8:21.

578JDG826rc470pendants

pieces of jewelry that hang at the end of the chains or cords of necklaces

579JDG826z7ldfigs-activepassive0that was worn by the kings of Midian
580JDG827awh90Gideon made an ephod out of the earrings

Gideon used the gold from the earrings to make an ephod

581JDG827tir60Ophrah

Translate the name of this city as you did in Judges 6:11.

582JDG827tyw2figs-metaphor0all Israel prostituted themselves by worshiping it there
583JDG827j6yefigs-hyperbole0all Israel
584JDG827bbx3figs-metaphor0It became a trap for Gideon and for those in his house
585JDG827i29yfigs-metonymy0for those in his house
586JDG828wui8figs-activepassive0So Midian was subdued before the people of Israel
587JDG828u2arfigs-idiom0they did not raise their heads up again
588JDG828un4lfigs-metonymy0So the land had peace
589JDG828mw8qtranslate-numbers0forty years
590JDG828z3zj0in the days of Gideon

during the life of Gideon

591JDG829z3sb0Jerub Baal

This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated his name in Judges 6:32.

592JDG830m14ntranslate-numbers0seventy sons
593JDG832i3jlfigs-idiom0a good old age
594JDG832w8ygfigs-activepassive0was buried
595JDG832aen40Ophrah

Translate the name of this city as you did in Judges 6:11.

596JDG832pc1f0the clan of Abiezer

Translate the name of this people group as you did in Judges 6:11.

597JDG833be440It came about

This phrase is used here to mark the beginning of a new part of the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.

598JDG833l1r2figs-metaphor0turned again
599JDG833gh13figs-metaphor0prostituted themselves by worshiping the Baals
600JDG833ce8stranslate-names0Baal-Berith

This is the name of a false god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

601JDG834k1h5figs-metonymy0from the hand of all their enemies
602JDG834lqk50on every side

who surrounded them

603JDG835svf8figs-metonymy0the house of Jerub Baal
604JDG835w3k30Jerub Baal

This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in Judges 6:32.

605JDG9introzl190
606JDG91cb580Jerub Baal

This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in Judges 6:32.

607JDG92gfl5figs-quotesinquotes0Please say this, so that all the leaders in Shechem may hear, 'Which is better for you, that all seventy sons of Jerub Baal rule over you, or that just one rule over you?'
608JDG92lpf2translate-numbers0seventy
609JDG92e38yfigs-metonymy0I am your bone and your flesh
610JDG93ie290His mother's relatives spoke for him to the leaders

This means that the relatives of the mother of Abimelech spoke to the leaders, suggesting that they make Abimelech their king.

611JDG93ubh90they agreed to follow Abimelech

they agreed to let Abimelech be their leader

612JDG94yf44figs-metonymy0the house
613JDG94yf3wtranslate-bmoney0seventy pieces of silver
614JDG94v8x5translate-numbers0seventy
615JDG94g7i40Baal-Berith

This is the name of a false god. See how you translated it in Judges 8:33.

616JDG94mi770worthless and reckless

violent and foolish

617JDG95c56j0Ophrah

Translate the name of this city as you did in Judges 6:11.

618JDG95jer7translate-numbers0one stone
619JDG95gnp3translate-numbers0seventy
620JDG95ilv20Jerub Baal

This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in Judges 6:32.

621JDG96up6dtranslate-names0Beth Millo

This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

622JDG97d3wsfigs-parables0General Information:

Jotham begins telling a parable in which the trees try to find someone to rule them. The trees represent the Israelites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]])

623JDG97ksz5figs-activepassive0When Jotham was told about this
624JDG97z9vxtranslate-names0Mount Gerizim

This is a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

625JDG98p19pfigs-parables0The trees once went out to anoint a king over them. For they said to the olive tree, 'Reign over us.'

In this parable Jotham describes the trees doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

626JDG98x1kytranslate-symaction0to anoint a king over them
627JDG98ai6t0Reign over us

Be our king

628JDG99ns1k0General Information:

Jotham continues telling the parable he begins in Judges 9:7, where the trees represent the Israelites.

629JDG99q6h3figs-rquestion0Should I give up my abundance ... over the other trees?
630JDG99v5ccfigs-metonymy0abundance
631JDG99b42t0by which gods and men are honored
632JDG99ctc80gods
633JDG99a9cyfigs-metaphor0sway over
634JDG911df3rfigs-parables0the fig tree said to them

Jotham continues describing the trees as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

635JDG911bi3ffigs-rquestion0Should I give up my sweetness ... over the other trees?
636JDG911jkz5figs-abstractnouns0my sweetness and my good fruit
637JDG912akj60General Information:

Jotham continues telling the parable he begins in Judges 9:7, where the trees represent the Israelites.

638JDG912m2h3figs-parables0The trees said to the vine

In this parable, Jotham describes the trees and the vine as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

639JDG913i2y3figs-rquestion0Should I give up my new wine ... over the other trees?
640JDG914mp3a0thornbush

Thorns are sharp spikes or spurs that hurt. This bush has many sharp spikes along its branches.

641JDG915ne2j0General Information:

Jotham continues telling his parable, where trees represent various people groups, and makes the application.

642JDG915g1p2figs-parables0The thornbush said to the trees

In this parable, Jotham describes the thornbush and the trees as doing things that humans do. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parables]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

643JDG915zea8translate-symaction0to anoint me as king over you
644JDG915cm8afigs-abstractnouns0find safety
645JDG915hvs50fire come out of the thornbush and let it burn up the cedars of Lebanon

This means to let the thornbush burn so that it will burn the cedars.

646JDG915xn44figs-123person0then let fire come out of the thornbush
647JDG916ayq20Now
648JDG916y7g30Jerub Baal

This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in Judges 6:32.

649JDG916nu7nfigs-metonymy0his house
650JDG917x8ae0General Information:

Jotham makes the application to the situation at that time and place.

651JDG917fpm70to think that my father fought for you ... out of the hand of Midian

Here Jotham is expressing that he cannot believe how badly the people of Shechem have treated Gideon and his family even after Gideon fought to save the people of Shechem.

652JDG917kqc3figs-metonymy0out of the hand of Midian
653JDG918cr5wfigs-idiom0you have risen up against
654JDG918i5zwfigs-metonymy0my father's house
655JDG918yy47translate-numbers0seventy
656JDG918ym97translate-numbers0one stone
657JDG918c1540his female servant
658JDG919cwl5figs-hypo0If you acted with honesty and integrity with Jerub Baal and his house
659JDG919re1x0Jerub Baal
660JDG919r5cefigs-metonymy0his house
661JDG920rv9vfigs-hypo0But if not
662JDG920g8i6figs-metaphor0let fire come out from Abimelech and burn up the men of Shechem

Jotham is speaking a curse. He speaks of Abimelech destroying the people of Shechem as if he would burn them with fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

663JDG920ibq3figs-metaphor0Let fire come out from the men of Shechem and Beth Millo, to burn up Abimelech

Jotham is speaking a curse. He speaks of the people of Shechem and Beth Millo destroying Abimelech as if they would burn him with fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

664JDG920iey10Beth Millo

This is the name of a place. See how you translated this in Judges 9:6.

665JDG921pan4translate-names0Beer

This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

666JDG923bv9r0God sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem

This means that God applied the curse Jotham made by sending an evil spirit to cause trouble and animosity between Abimelech and the leaders of Shechem.

667JDG924xf1efigs-activepassive0God did this so the violence done ... helped him murder his brothers
668JDG924cb41translate-numbers0seventy
669JDG924b1g10Jerub Baal

This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in Judges 6:32.

670JDG925b7tx0positioned men to lie in wait on the hilltops that they might ambush him

sent men to hide on the hilltops and wait to attack Abimelech

671JDG925pd3xfigs-activepassive0This was reported to Abimelech
672JDG926r2uetranslate-names0Gaal ... Ebed

These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

673JDG926mv9bfigs-abstractnouns0had confidence in him
674JDG927i6sf0They went out into the field
675JDG927r8w9figs-explicit0they trampled on them

They did this to squeeze out the grape juice to make wine with it. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

676JDG927c3x30trampled
677JDG927d9l2figs-metonymy0in the house
678JDG928yyy50Gaal ... Ebed

See how you translated these names in Judges 9:26.

679JDG928w9hjfigs-rquestion0Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him?
680JDG928dfp7figs-parallelism0Who is Abimelech, and who is Shechem, that we should serve him?
681JDG928a6wsfigs-rquestion0Is he not the son of Jerub Baal? Is Zebul not his officer?
682JDG928p2s80Jerub Baal

This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this in Judges 6:32.

683JDG928b36ztranslate-names0Zebul

This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

684JDG928rq5n0Serve the men of Hamor, Shechem's father

Gaal means the people of Shechem should serve those who descended from Hamor, that is, those who are truly Canaanites, and not serve someone whose father was an Israelite.

685JDG928ju72figs-rquestion0Why should we serve Abimelech?
686JDG929v1e20I wish that this people were under my command

I wish that I ruled the people of Shechem

687JDG930qj5l0Zebul

See how you translated this name in Judges 9:28.

688JDG930a53k0heard the words of Gaal son of Ebed

heard what Gaal son of Ebed said

689JDG930p2rs0Gaal ... Ebed

See how you translated these names in Judges 9:26.

690JDG930u13bfigs-metaphor0his anger was kindled
691JDG930lx8ufigs-metonymy0the city
692JDG931u8980in order to deceive
693JDG931gvg1figs-metaphor0they are stirring up the city against you
694JDG932yn4z0General Information:

Zebul's messengers continue talking to Abimelech.

695JDG932j18v0Now
696JDG932mrh80an ambush

to hide and attack them suddenly

697JDG933k1f30do whatever you can to them

This means that they can do what they want to destroy the followers of Gaal.

698JDG934be8t0all the men who were with him
699JDG934b14ptranslate-numbers0dividing into four units
700JDG935q22c0Gaal ... Ebed

See how you translated these names in Judges 9:26.

701JDG936v8bb0Gaal

This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in Judges 9:26.

702JDG936vu4i0Zebul

This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in Judges 9:28.

703JDG936gz9v0You are seeing the shadows on the hills like they are men
704JDG937kmf8translate-numbers0one unit
705JDG938tqh10Zebul

See how you translated this name in Judges 9:28.

706JDG938qap7figs-rquestion0Where are your proud words now, you
707JDG938fub2figs-rquestion0you who said, 'Who is Abimelech that we should serve him?'
708JDG938qdj1figs-rquestion0Are these not the men you despised?
709JDG938u3920despised

strongly disliked or hated

710JDG939h55i0Gaal

See how you translated this name in Judges 9:26.

711JDG940p7lvfigs-idiom0Many fell with deadly wounds
712JDG941y21ztranslate-names0Arumah

This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

713JDG941q5ep0Zebul

This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in Judges 9:28.

714JDG941f6ud0Gaal

This is the name of a man. See how you translated this in Judges 9:26.

715JDG942em2hfigs-activepassive0this was reported to Abimelech
716JDG943rm73translate-numbers0divided them into three units
717JDG943e8ph0they set an ambush in the fields

they hid in the fields to attack the people by surprise

718JDG943l12efigs-synecdoche0he attacked
719JDG944h6g90the units

the groups of soldiers

720JDG944a246translate-numbers0other two
721JDG945e7uyfigs-synecdoche0Abimelech fought ... He tore down
722JDG945ch7pfigs-metonymy0against the city
723JDG945zi770tore down

demolished

724JDG945t928figs-explicit0spread salt over it
725JDG946lty1figs-metonymy0the house

Here this represents a temple. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

726JDG946kw6qtranslate-names0El-Berith
727JDG947hnv1figs-activepassive0Abimelech was told
728JDG948h1s8translate-names0Mount Zalmon

This is the name of a mountain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

729JDG949thc70piled

This means to stack the branches into a large heap.

730JDG949f9xstranslate-numbers0about a thousand men
731JDG950jh8ftranslate-names0Thebez

This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

732JDG950nyj80encamped against Thebez

camped outside the city of Thebez

733JDG952jgq20fought against it

attacked it

734JDG953z9j60upper millstone

Two large, flat, round stones were used to grind grain in a mill. An upper millstone was the top one that was rolled on the lower one to crush the grain in between them.

735JDG954vm490armor-bearer

This is the man who carried the weapons of Abimelech.

736JDG954is1h0pierced him through

This means the young man put the sword right through the body of Abimelech.

737JDG956h9fbtranslate-numbers0seventy
738JDG957fx65figs-idiom0made all the evil of the men of Shechem turn back on their own heads
739JDG957hua1figs-idiom0on them came the curse of Jotham son of Jerub Baal
740JDG957q7dp0Jerub Baal

This is another name for Gideon. See how you translated this name in Judges 6:32.

741JDG10introzqn20

Judges 10 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter begins the account of Jephthah (Judges 10-12).

Special concepts in this chapter

Israel's punishment

In Judges, Israel's actions are connected to their obedience to Yahweh. When Israel does evil, they are oppressed. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]])

742JDG101g7wwtranslate-names0Tola ... Puah ... Dodo

These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

743JDG101ti4gtranslate-names0Shamir

This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

744JDG101lxh70arose to deliver Israel
745JDG101i5f3figs-metonymy0deliver Israel
746JDG102m2fd0He judged Israel
747JDG102m93utranslate-numbers0twenty-three years
748JDG102unp5figs-activepassive0was buried
749JDG103f3wifigs-activepassive0He was followed by Jair the Gileadite
750JDG103m9uktranslate-names0Jair

This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

751JDG103j6fm0the Gileadite

Jair was from the tribe of Gilead.

752JDG103fmn80He judged Israel
753JDG103d5gsfigs-metonymy0Israel
754JDG103ezp7translate-numbers0twenty-two years
755JDG104i1hvtranslate-numbers0thirty sons
756JDG104vb1ytranslate-names0Havvoth Jair

This is the name of a region, which is named after a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

757JDG104h6440to this day

This means to the time when the book of Judges was being written.

758JDG105t8kafigs-activepassive0was buried
759JDG105s19jtranslate-names0Kamon

This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

760JDG106lj2dfigs-metaphor0added to the evil they had done in the sight of Yahweh
761JDG106ki1zfigs-metaphor0in the sight of Yahweh
762JDG106p7j40Ashtoreths

This is the plural of Ashtoroth, who was worshiped as a goddess in many different forms. See how you translated this in Judges 2:13.

763JDG106r515figs-parallelism0They abandoned Yahweh and no longer worshiped him
764JDG106p6q5figs-metaphor0They abandoned Yahweh

No longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if the people left Yahweh and went somewhere else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

765JDG107zf61figs-metaphor0Yahweh burned with anger toward Israel
766JDG107f4v2figs-metaphor0he sold them into the hand of the Philistines and into the hand of the Ammonites

Yahweh allowing the Philistines and the Ammonites to defeat the Israelites is spoken of as if he sold the Israelites to them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

767JDG107aj5nfigs-metonymy0into the hand
768JDG108psa9figs-doublet0crushed and oppressed
769JDG108q2mltranslate-numbers0eighteen years
770JDG108msz60who were beyond the Jordan

This means on the east side of the Jordan River.

771JDG108b5w40which is in Gilead

this region is also called Gilead

772JDG109wq6gfigs-metonymy0Judah ... Benjamin
773JDG109nt9cfigs-metonymy0house of Ephraim
774JDG109gl3bfigs-metonymy0so that Israel was greatly distressed
775JDG1010lda90the people of Israel called out to Yahweh

This means the people of Israel desperately asked Yahweh for help.

776JDG1010b8t5figs-metaphor0because we abandoned our God

The people no longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if they left Yahweh and went somewhere else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

777JDG1010t38afigs-123person0abandoned our God
778JDG1012lf73figs-rquestion0and also from the Sidonians?
779JDG1012w39atranslate-names0Maonites

These are the people from the clan or family of Maon. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

780JDG1012e4mlfigs-metonymy0from their power
781JDG1013p759figs-metaphor0you abandoned me again

The people no longer obeying and worshiping Yahweh is spoken of as if they left Yahweh and went somewhere else. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

782JDG1013zdy2figs-idiom0I will not keep adding to the times I deliver you
783JDG1016i2l8figs-explicit0foreign gods among them
784JDG1016m6hdfigs-metonymy0Yahweh could bear Israel's misery no longer
785JDG1018j3k20Who is the man who will begin to fight the Ammonites?

Who will lead our army to fight against the Ammonites?

786JDG11introq7si0

Judges 11 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The account of Jephthah continues in this chapter.

Special concepts in this chapter

Jephthah the leader

Jephthah was half Israelite and half Canaanite by birth. While all of the judges were called by Yahweh, it is the leaders who called Jephthah to help them, but Yahweh still used Jephthah to help them.

787JDG111yk6stranslate-names0Gileadite

This is someone who is from the region of Gilead. It is a coincidence that his father's name is also Gilead. See how you translated this in Judges 10:3. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

788JDG112r35b0When his wife's sons grew up

When the sons of Gilead's wife became adults

789JDG113aw1rtranslate-names0the land of Tob

Tob is the name of a region. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

790JDG113f5ze0they traveled with him
791JDG114cn670Some days later

Some time later

792JDG114s6kufigs-idiom0made war against Israel
793JDG116b37n0that we may fight with

so that we can fight against

794JDG117f7vjfigs-metonymy0my father's house
795JDG118ph3xfigs-explicit0That is why we are turning to you now
796JDG118uem90fight with the people of Ammon

fight against the people of Ammon

797JDG1111hf4cfigs-doublet0leader and commander
798JDG1111v6uqfigs-idiom0When he was before Yahweh in Mizpah, Jephthah repeated all the promises he made
799JDG1111w6mk0all the promises he made

This refers to the promises he made to the leaders of Gilead about becoming their leader.

800JDG1112ybt90What is this conflict between us
801JDG1112su7kfigs-synecdoche0Why have you come with force to take our land
802JDG1112hwk40come with force to take

come to forcefully take

803JDG1113qdz6translate-names0Arnon ... Jabbok

These are the names of two rivers. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

804JDG1113ps710over to the Jordan

on the other side of the Jordan River

805JDG1113tsw40in peace
806JDG1115i4nsfigs-explicit0he said
807JDG1116e7sjfigs-idiom0they came up from Egypt
808JDG1117je4p0General Information:

Jephthah's messengers continue to speak.

809JDG1117tn6ffigs-synecdoche0When Israel sent messengers
810JDG1117kl4c0pass through
811JDG1117v8aafigs-idiom0would not listen
812JDG1117q2mzfigs-explicit0They also sent messengers to the king of Moab
813JDG1117x2uefigs-explicit0but he refused
814JDG1118el820Arnon

This is the name of a river. See how you translated this in Judges 11:13.

815JDG1119msq60General Information:

Jephthah's messengers continue to speak.

816JDG1119ur8xfigs-synecdoche0Israel sent messengers to Sihon
817JDG1119j2t5translate-names0Sihon

This is the name of a person. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

818JDG1119pyu6translate-names0Heshbon

This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

819JDG1120mn9xtranslate-names0Jahaz

This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

820JDG1120ew16figs-explicit0But Sihon did not trust Israel to pass through his territory
821JDG1120d9gafigs-synecdoche0there he fought
822JDG1121sf5x0General Information:

Jephthah's messengers continue to speak.

823JDG1121fsk60Sihon

See how you translated this man's name in Judges 11:19.

824JDG1121vp7wfigs-metonymy0gave Sihon and all his people into the hand of Israel
825JDG1122ce2e0Arnon ... Jabbok

See how you translated the names of these rivers in Judges 11:13.

826JDG1123v22e0General Information:

Jephthah's messengers continue to speak.

827JDG1123ru3nfigs-rquestion0should you now take possession of their land?
828JDG1124nr59figs-rquestion0Will you not take over the land that Chemosh, your god, gives you?
829JDG1124bcm5figs-idiom0take over
830JDG1124z3zhtranslate-names0Chemosh

This is the name of a false god. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

831JDG1125wln3figs-rquestion0Now are you really better than Balak son of Zippor, king of Moab?
832JDG1125fk7mtranslate-names0Balak ... Zippor

These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

833JDG1125giw3figs-rquestion0Did he dare to have an argument with Israel?
834JDG1125k8y5figs-rquestion0Did he ever wage war against them?
835JDG1126pty20General Information:

Jephthah's messengers continue to speak.

836JDG1126t5g4translate-numbers0three hundred years
837JDG1126pu9w0Heshbon

Translate the name of this city the same way that you did in Judges 11:19.

838JDG1126c2xitranslate-names0Aroer

This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

839JDG1126h61tfigs-rquestion0why then did you not take them back during that time?
840JDG1127aei3figs-synecdoche0I have not done you wrong, but you are doing me wrong by attacking me
841JDG1127n4fkfigs-idiom0done you wrong ... doing me wrong
842JDG1129p2lwfigs-idiom0the Spirit of Yahweh came on Jephthah
843JDG1129dq1cfigs-explicit0he passed through Gilead and Manasseh ... from Mizpah of Gilead
844JDG1131kh4efigs-idiom0I will offer it up
845JDG1132wr1nfigs-synecdoche0So Jephthah passed through ... Yahweh gave him victory
846JDG1133rt2jfigs-synecdoche0He attacked
847JDG1133dl1t0Aroer

Translate the name of this city the same way you did in Judges 11:26.

848JDG1133pfq6translate-names0Minnith ... Abel Keramim

These are the names of cities. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

849JDG1133i18jtranslate-numbers0twenty cities
850JDG1134ng9vtranslate-unknown0tambourines

musical instruments with heads like drums that can be hit and with pieces of metal around their sides that sound when the instruments are shaken (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

851JDG1135md3ntranslate-symaction0he tore his clothes
852JDG1135puu2figs-parallelism0You have crushed me with sorrow ... you have become one who causes me pain
853JDG1135qi6cfigs-metaphor0You have crushed me with sorrow
854JDG1135dvs5figs-metaphor0you have become one who causes me pain
855JDG1135gvy5figs-idiom0I cannot turn back on my promise
856JDG1136e6gufigs-explicit0has taken vengeance for you against your enemies, the Ammonites
857JDG1137hj6qfigs-activepassive0Let this promise be kept for me
858JDG1137dh7s0grieve over my virginity
859JDG1139n4myfigs-euphemism0had never known a man
860JDG1140s7390the Gileadite

This refers to someone from Gilead. See how you translated this in Judges 10:3.

861JDG12introp8zn0

Judges 12 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The account of Jephthah concludes in this chapter.

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

Shibboleth

This is a word in Hebrew. Its importance in this chapter is because of its sounds, not its meaning. The translator should not translate the meaning of this word, but should transliterate or transfer it into the target language by substituting letters that have the same sounds. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-transliterate]])

862JDG121mp3kfigs-abstractnouns0A call went out to the men of Ephraim
863JDG121ubq3translate-names0Zaphon

This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

864JDG121hh1l0passed through ... pass through
865JDG121lt7lfigs-idiom0We will burn your house down over you
866JDG122fsb1figs-you0When I called you, you
867JDG122nxf4figs-synecdoche0did not rescue me
868JDG123s3v2figs-you0you did not rescue me
869JDG123zev7figs-idiom0I put my life in my own hand
870JDG123u5y7figs-explicit0Yahweh gave me victory
871JDG123uje8figs-you0Why have you come to fight against me
872JDG123nt4rfigs-explicit0passed through against the people of Ammon
873JDG124by47figs-synecdoche0he fought against Ephraim
874JDG124y6zxfigs-explicit0You Gileadites are fugitives
875JDG124p9f20Gileadites

people from Gilead

876JDG124h3vl0in Ephraim—in Ephraim and Manasseh
877JDG125dcy50to Ephraim

to the land of Ephraim

878JDG125f8sh0The Gileadites captured
879JDG125yc1p0fords

These are places where you can cross the river on foot because the water is shallow.

880JDG125w1cc0Ephraimite

person from the tribe of Ephraim

881JDG126cee8translate-transliterate0Shibboleth ... Sibboleth
882JDG126uc7k0pronounce the word

make the sound of the word

883JDG126d82ptranslate-numbers0Forty-two thousand
884JDG126c2bbfigs-activepassive0Forty-two thousand Ephraimites were killed
885JDG127v8rvfigs-activepassive0Jephthah the Gileadite died and was buried
886JDG128ha85translate-names0Ibzan of Bethlehem

This is the name of a man from Bethlehem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

887JDG129d515figs-idiom0He gave away thirty daughters in marriage
888JDG129r2m9figs-idiom0he brought in thirty daughters of other men for his sons, from the outside
889JDG1210jbg6figs-activepassive0was buried at Bethlehem
890JDG1211k8nxtranslate-names0Elon

This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

891JDG1211jl6e0Zebulunite

someone from the tribe of Zebulun

892JDG1212dn790Aijalon

Translate the name of this place the same way you did in Judges 1:35.

893JDG1212dzh4figs-activepassive0was buried in Aijalon
894JDG1213x9gztranslate-names0Abdon ... Hillel

These are the names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

895JDG1213z3n6translate-names0Pirathon

This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

896JDG1214n7k2figs-metonymy0They rode on seventy donkeys
897JDG1214ua8stranslate-numbers0forty sons ... thirty grandsons ... seventy donkeys
898JDG131g29rfigs-metonymy0he gave them into the hand of the Philistines
899JDG131jxd2translate-numbers0forty years
900JDG132y3djtranslate-names0Zorah

This was the name of a town in Israel. It was in the region of Judah near the border of Dan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

901JDG132l3wl0Danites

people from the tribe of Dan

902JDG132v9vwtranslate-names0Manoah

This is the name of a man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

903JDG133a36ufigs-idiom0give birth to a son
904JDG134nfl8figs-metaphor0anything unclean

Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

905JDG135q3p10Look
906JDG135wb3hfigs-metonymy0No razor will be used upon his head
907JDG135lb1d0razor

a sharp knife used to cut hair close to the skin

908JDG135vq8hfigs-explicit0a Nazirite to God
909JDG135zui7figs-metonymy0from the womb
910JDG135am6sfigs-metonymy0the hand of the Philistines
911JDG136djg9figs-explicit0A man of God
912JDG136w3z3figs-simile0his appearance was like that of an angel of God, very terrible
913JDG137n53c0Look
914JDG137p1srfigs-idiom0give birth to a son
915JDG137s1qyfigs-metaphor0any food that the law declares to be unclean

Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

916JDG137pd9afigs-explicit0a Nazirite to God
917JDG137xct1figs-merism0from the time he is in your womb until the day of his death
918JDG138nb4i0Manoah

See how you translated this man's name in Judges 13:2.

919JDG139m96nfigs-explicit0came to the woman
920JDG1310me6y0Look
921JDG1310snn4figs-explicit0The man
922JDG1312gti50your words

what you have said

923JDG1314u67rfigs-metonymy0anything that comes from the vines
924JDG1314f8vufigs-metaphor0unclean

Something that Yahweh has stated is unfit to eat is spoken of as if it were physically unclean. See how you translated this phrase in Judges 13:7. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

925JDG1315aw65figs-explicit0prepare a young goat for you
926JDG1317ut4y0your words come true

what you have said comes true

927JDG1318dsd7figs-rquestion0Why do you ask my name?
928JDG1318rr96figs-explicit0It is wonderful
929JDG1319lw91figs-explicit0with the grain offering
930JDG1319d2km0on the rock
931JDG1319pqv40He did something

The angel did something

932JDG1320s8h80the angel of Yahweh went up in the flame of the altar

the angel of Yahweh went back up into heaven through the flames on the altar

933JDG1320g2fztranslate-symaction0lay facedown on the ground
934JDG1321yi5q0that he was the angel of Yahweh
935JDG1322f9uzfigs-explicit0We are sure to die, because we have seen God
936JDG1323u22xfigs-parallelism0He would not have shown us all these things, nor at this time would he have let us hear such things
937JDG1324n5650the woman

Manoah's wife

938JDG1324lz2qfigs-idiom0gave birth to a son
939JDG1324ht9i0grew up
940JDG1325hmc1figs-metaphor0Yahweh's Spirit began to stir him
941JDG1325wnc2translate-names0Mahaneh Dan ... Eshtaol

Mahaneh Dan is the name of a temporary camp that the tribe of Dan lived in while they looked for a permanent home. Eshtaol is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

942JDG1325x4d30Zorah

Translate the name of this town the same way you did in Judges 13:2.

943JDG14introcl2d0

Judges 14 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The account of Samson continues in this chapter.

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 14:14, 18.

Special concepts in this chapter

Intermarriage

It was considered sinful for an Israel to marry a Canaanite or anyone from a different people group. This is why Samson's parents did not want him to marry a Philistine woman. They use rhetorical questions to convince him that he is sinning. This woman caused Samson many problems. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

944JDG141bwa3translate-names0Samson went down to Timnah
945JDG141u7xbfigs-euphemism0one of the daughters of the Philistines
946JDG142b9h1figs-idiom0Now get her for me to be my wife
947JDG143lcb9figs-rquestion0Is there not a woman among the daughters of your relatives, or among all our people?
948JDG143x278figs-euphemism0the daughters of your relatives
949JDG143wj22figs-rquestion0Are you going to take a wife from the uncircumcised Philistines?
950JDG143srv6figs-idiom0Get her for me
951JDG143r62cfigs-explicit0she pleases me
952JDG144ubq90this matter

This refers to Samson's request to marry the Philistine woman.

953JDG144k7hy0for he desired to create a conflict
954JDG145d4lttranslate-names0Samson went down to Timnah
955JDG145ty9rfigs-idiom0And, look, there one of the young lions came up
956JDG145szi70was roaring at him
957JDG146m9m5figs-idiom0Yahweh's Spirit suddenly came on him
958JDG146ryx90tore ... apart

tore into two pieces

959JDG146t92dfigs-litotes0had nothing in his hand
960JDG147s2mjfigs-explicit0she pleased Samson
961JDG148d5v9figs-idiom0he turned aside
962JDG148ude70carcass

dead body

963JDG148um8zfigs-idiom0And, look, there was a swarm of bees
964JDG148y8ha0swarm

large group of insects

965JDG149u3ie0scraped up

gathered up

966JDG1410cm3zfigs-idiom0Samson's father went down to where the woman was
967JDG1410ugh2figs-explicit0the custom of the young men
968JDG1411ff89translate-numbers0thirty of their friends
969JDG1412kh6c0riddle

a game in which the players must discover the answer to a difficult question

970JDG1412a8erfigs-idiom0can find it out
971JDG1412fk4ttranslate-numbers0thirty linen robes and thirty sets of clothes
972JDG1412ze1u0linen

a type of cloth

973JDG1413yu1yfigs-you0But if you cannot tell me
974JDG1414z49r0General Information:

Samson tells his riddle. Since it is supposed to be hard to understand, do not translate it in a way that people will immediately know what it means.

975JDG1414j8sv0Out of the eater was something to eat
976JDG1414mcm30the eater
977JDG1414hsz90out of the strong was something sweet
978JDG1414ck4efigs-nominaladj0the strong
979JDG1414bdu60his guests

the men at his feast

980JDG1414mf31figs-metaphor0could not find the answer
981JDG1415wrs2translate-ordinal0the fourth day
982JDG1415w5dc0Trick

mislead or fool someone into doing something they would not want to do

983JDG1415jx5rfigs-metonymy0your father's house
984JDG1415t8shfigs-idiom0will burn up
985JDG1415si25figs-rquestion0Did you invite us here in order to make us poor?
986JDG1415sg4ifigs-explicit0to make us poor
987JDG1416hr3kfigs-parallelism0All you do is hate me! You do not love me
988JDG1416d72a0riddle

a game in which the players must discover the answer to a difficult question

989JDG1416j4gp0Look here
990JDG1416zq8zfigs-rquestion0if I have not told my father or my mother, should I tell you?
991JDG1417ejm70during the seven days that their feast lasted
992JDG1417rfq6translate-ordinal0the seventh day
993JDG1417xid1figs-idiom0she pressured him very much
994JDG1418ui6tfigs-explicit0the men of the city
995JDG1418mq6ytranslate-ordinal0the seventh day
996JDG1418vi1zfigs-rquestion0What is sweeter than honey? What is stronger than a lion?
997JDG1418scv6figs-metaphor0If you had not plowed with my heifer
998JDG1418cl8w0plowed

To plow is to use an animal to pull a blade through soil to prepare the soil for seeds.

999JDG1419m2gzfigs-idiom0came on Samson with power
1000JDG1419ht3ctranslate-numbers0killed thirty of their men
1001JDG1419kc4e0their men

the men who lived there

1002JDG1419u2u50plunder

things taken by force, usually after a fight or battle

1003JDG1419axx7figs-explicit0their clothes
1004JDG1419ym430Burning with anger

Very angry

1005JDG1419d5ji0went up to his father's house
1006JDG1420hb14figs-activepassive0Samson's wife was given to his best friend
1007JDG1420ibt70best friend

closest friend

1008JDG15introdn160

Judges 15 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The account of Samson continues in this chapter.

Some translations set each line of poetry farther to the right than the rest of the text to make it easier to read. The ULT does this with the poetry in 15:16.

Special concepts in this chapter

Samson's strength

The Spirit of Yahweh rushed upon Samson. This meant God gave Samson extraordinary strength. Samson's power is the power of Yahweh himself and he enacted the judgment of God on the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/holyspirit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/judge]])

1009JDG151gn7wfigs-idiom0He said to himself
1010JDG151n6mlfigs-explicit0I will go to my wife's room
1011JDG151hmg4figs-ellipsis0would not allow him to go in
1012JDG152f2qkfigs-explicit0so I gave her to your friend
1013JDG152pn1afigs-rquestion0is she not?
1014JDG152ruf2figs-explicit0Take her instead
1015JDG153b19afigs-explicit0I will be innocent in regard to the Philistines when I hurt them
1016JDG154vl3ytranslate-numbers0three hundred foxes
1017JDG154bxn90foxes

Foxes are animals like dogs that have long tails and that eat nesting birds and other small animals.

1018JDG154g4ms0each pair

a pair is two of anything, such as two foxes, or two tails

1019JDG154l3z70tail to tail

by their tails

1020JDG154b6p30torches

A torch is a stick of wood with something flammable attached to one end; a torch is often used to light other things or to be carried for light.

1021JDG155p7mc0standing grain

grain that is still growing on its stalk in the field

1022JDG155i6qn0stacked grain

the stalks of grain collected in piles after it has been harvested

1023JDG155a7kw0orchards

An orchard is a place where fruit trees are grown.

1024JDG156mns70the Timnite's son-in-law
1025JDG156r78stranslate-names0Timnite

This is a person from Timnah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1026JDG156uk9afigs-explicit0took Samson's wife and gave her to his friend
1027JDG156hz8ufigs-idiom0burned up
1028JDG157sj8e0said to them

said to the Philistines

1029JDG157k4eu0If this is what you do

Because you have done this.

1030JDG158x42bfigs-synecdoche0he cut them to pieces, hip and thigh
1031JDG158m2qafigs-idiom0he went down
1032JDG158xk3p0cave

an opening in a hill or mountainside

1033JDG158yl630cliff

a high, rocky hill or mountainside

1034JDG158b6rwtranslate-names0Etam

This is the name of the rocky hill country near Jerusalem. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1035JDG159g7cb0the Philistines came up ... in Judah
1036JDG159fkh20prepared for battle

organized themselves for battle

1037JDG159v6jwtranslate-names0Lehi

This is the name of a town in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1038JDG1510ut2qfigs-explicit0do to him as he has done to us
1039JDG1511y64ptranslate-numbers0three thousand men of Judah
1040JDG1511ji180cave in the cliff of Etam

See how you translated this phrase in Judges 15:8.

1041JDG1511k7fwfigs-rquestion0Do you not know that the Philistines are rulers over us? What is this you have done to us?
1042JDG1511td2dfigs-explicit0They did to me, and so I have done to them
1043JDG1512a6tyfigs-metonymy0the hands of the Philistines
1044JDG1513nz1kfigs-idiom0hand you over to them
1045JDG1513m8g6figs-explicit0up from the rock
1046JDG1514dr4zfigs-explicit0When he came
1047JDG1514xp7l0Lehi

This is the name of a town in Judah. See how you translated this in Judges 15:9.

1048JDG1514w48hfigs-idiom0came on him with power
1049JDG1514nue5figs-simile0The ropes on his arms became like burnt flax
1050JDG1514d1fe0flax

fibers from the flax plant used for making threads and cloth

1051JDG1515w6nt0a fresh jawbone

This means that the donkey had died very recently and its bones had not yet begun to decay. A jawbone is the bone in which the lower rows of teeth are set.

1052JDG1515nb59translate-numbers0a thousand men
1053JDG1516dzp60the jawbone of a donkey

a donkey's jawbone

1054JDG1516dm4vfigs-explicit0heaps upon heaps
1055JDG1517ra2dtranslate-names0Ramath Lehi
1056JDG1518ta260was very thirsty

needed water to drink

1057JDG1518t3wxfigs-hyperbole0But now will I die of thirst and fall into ... uncircumcised?
1058JDG1518h9yrfigs-idiom0die of thirst

This means to die because you have not drank enough and therefore, you do not have enough water in your body. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

1059JDG1518u4x9figs-idiom0fall into the hands of those who are uncircumcised
1060JDG1519c7pf0split open the hollow place
1061JDG1519c7760Lehi

See how you translated this in Judges 15:9

1062JDG1519rty1figs-parallelism0his strength returned and he revived
1063JDG1519r7jitranslate-names0En Hakkore
1064JDG1519k47vfigs-idiom0it is at Lehi to this day
1065JDG1520ru29figs-explicit0in the days of the Philistines
1066JDG1520l52vtranslate-numbers0for twenty years
1067JDG16introu81n0

Judges 16 General Notes

Structure and formatting

The account of Samson concludes in this chapter.

Special concepts in this chapter

Samson's mistake

Samson mistakenly thought that he was the source of his strength. He did not realize that Yahweh had left him and without Yahweh, he had no strength. This was not Samson's only mistake. His foreign wife created most of his problems.

1068JDG161l289figs-euphemism0he went to bed with her
1069JDG162j859translate-names0The Gazites were told
1070JDG162fyj20The Gazites surrounded the place ... they waited for him all night at the city gate

This implies that some Gazites surrounded the place where Samson was staying and others waited at the city gate so that he could not leave.

1071JDG162lsy60They kept silent all night
1072JDG163iye20until midnight

until the middle of the night

1073JDG163fv5x0its two posts

These are supports for the city gate. These posts were probably made from tree trunks and were buried deep into the ground. The doors of the city gate were attached to these posts.

1074JDG163c2m40bar and all

The bar was probably a heavy rod of iron that connected the gate to the posts. The doors of the city gate were probably made of heavy wooden beams or iron bars.

1075JDG163m4dx0shoulders

the part of the human body where the arms and the neck attach to the body

1076JDG163yq6ttranslate-names0Hebron

This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1077JDG164itb4translate-names0Valley of Sorek

This is the name of a valley near Samson's home. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1078JDG165c6wz0Trick

to mislead or fool someone into doing something they would not want to do

1079JDG165x4w2figs-idiom0to see
1080JDG165vq28figs-idiom0where his great strength lies
1081JDG165y38x0by what means we may overpower him

how we might overpower him"

1082JDG165g3bgtranslate-numbers01,100 pieces of silver
1083JDG166r4hyfigs-activepassive0bind you, so you might be controlled
1084JDG167ae1p0fresh bowstrings
1085JDG167z8mlfigs-activepassive0that have not been dried
1086JDG168xv64figs-activepassive0that had not been dried
1087JDG168xt1g0she tied Samson up with them

Delilah tied Samson up with the fresh bowstrings

1088JDG169n6pxwriting-background0Now

This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author tells background information about Philistine men that Delilah had waiting to capture Samson. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

1089JDG169by3qfigs-idiom0The Philistines are upon you
1090JDG169sy3afigs-simile0he broke the bowstrings like a thread of yarn when it touches the fire
1091JDG1610x2kmfigs-parallelism0This is how you have deceived me and told me lies.
1092JDG1610e5iw0you can be overpowered
1093JDG1612vpr3figs-idiom0The Philistines are upon you
1094JDG1612rnx9figs-idiom0lying in wait
1095JDG1612j7zpfigs-simile0like they were a piece of thread
1096JDG1613hg41figs-parallelism0you have deceived me and told me lies
1097JDG1613t97zfigs-activepassive0you may be overpowered
1098JDG1613s6f30weave

crossing pieces of material together so they hold each other in place

1099JDG1613h8x30locks of my hair

small bunches of hair

1100JDG1613c2e80fabric

cloth made from weaving material together

1101JDG1613wv5vtranslate-unknown0loom

a machine used for combining many threads of material into a cloth (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

1102JDG1613gkr70then nail that to the loom

then nail the fabric to the loom

1103JDG1613pn2m0nail

to hammer a nail in order to hold something in one place

1104JDG1613w58afigs-explicit0I will be like any other man
1105JDG1614h61lfigs-idiom0The Philistines are upon you
1106JDG1614k9fifigs-explicit0he pulled out the fabric and the pin from the loom
1107JDG1614lc6p0the pin

This is the wooden nail or peg used to fasten the fabric to the loom.

1108JDG1615zzt1figs-rquestion0How can you say, 'I love you,' when you do not share your secrets with me?
1109JDG1616s5uifigs-idiom0pressed him hard ... pressured him
1110JDG1616imn20with her words

by what she said to him

1111JDG1616iqa6figs-hyperbole0that he wished he would die
1112JDG1617c8q9figs-explicit0told her everything
1113JDG1617y8xz0razor

a sharp blade used to cut hair close to a person's skin

1114JDG1617z2nffigs-explicit0a Nazirite for God
1115JDG1617fhm4figs-metonymy0from my mother's womb
1116JDG1617t2usfigs-activepassive0If my head is shaved
1117JDG1617seg50shaved

to have had the hair cut close to the skin with a razor

1118JDG1617iq1lfigs-personification0my strength will leave me
1119JDG1618m9zgfigs-idiom0Delilah saw
1120JDG1618z2eufigs-explicit0the truth about everything
1121JDG1618x4mm0Come up again

Delilah is telling the rulers to come again to where she lives. Her home is likely at a higher elevation than where the rulers would be travelling from.

1122JDG1618ipi8figs-explicit0bringing the silver in their hands
1123JDG1619h2jg0She had him fall asleep

She caused him to fall asleep

1124JDG1619x4y8figs-explicit0in her lap
1125JDG1619gjg30lap

The lap is the level area of the upper legs when a person is sitting down.

1126JDG1619vai4figs-possession0the seven locks of his head
1127JDG1619w8dj0subdue him

control him

1128JDG1619qt31figs-personification0his strength had left him
1129JDG1620e9djfigs-idiom0The Philistines are upon you
1130JDG1620jt7e0woke up

awakened

1131JDG1620n31e0get out

escape

1132JDG1620n47xfigs-explicit0But he did not know that Yahweh had left him
1133JDG1621ve9nfigs-idiom0put out his eyes
1134JDG1621z2vv0down to Gaza
1135JDG1621t7gr0bound him with bronze shackles
1136JDG1621t1sq0shackles

locks on the end of chains that hold a prisoner at his feet or hands, or both

1137JDG1621mn740turned the millstone

pulled the millstone around in a circle

1138JDG1621ujq10millstone

This is a very large, heavy, circular stone. Normally, a large animal pulls the millstone around in a circle to crush grain. Here the Philistines humiliate Samson by making him pull it.

1139JDG1622ru6pfigs-activepassive0after it had been shaved
1140JDG1623b13vtranslate-names0Dagon

a major false god of the Philistines (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1141JDG1623p1250has conquered

has defeated

1142JDG1623ekg1figs-metaphor0put him in our grasp
1143JDG1624ums10the destroyer of our country
1144JDG1624y4qkfigs-synecdoche0who killed many of us
1145JDG1625hiy5figs-explicit0Call for Samson ... They called for Samson
1146JDG1626b8yg0the boy
1147JDG1626d2gs0Permit me to touch the pillars on which the building rests

Allow me to touch the pillars which hold up the building

1148JDG1627fx8pwriting-background0Now

This word is used here to mark a break in the main story while the writer tells background information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

1149JDG1627cp19translate-numbers0three thousand men and women
1150JDG1627l6hc0looking on

watching

1151JDG1627ulj60while Samson was entertaining them

It is unclear what Samson did to entertain them. It seems the Philistines were making him do things that would humiliate him so that they could make fun of him.

1152JDG1628n4yh0called to Yahweh

prayed to Yahweh

1153JDG1628ypq4figs-idiom0call me to mind
1154JDG1628ld690only this once

one more time

1155JDG1628f2enfigs-idiom0in one blow on the Philistines
1156JDG1629dmd30on which the building rested

which held up the building

1157JDG1630mt5gfigs-explicit0He stretched out with his strength
1158JDG1630i5lwfigs-nominaladj0the dead
1159JDG1630u7yd0were more

were a greater amount

1160JDG1631rl5rfigs-metonymy0all the house of his father
1161JDG1631jg6m0came down
1162JDG1631na1k0Zorah ... Eshtaol

See how you translated the names of these places in Judges 13:2 and Judges 13:25.

1163JDG1631de6c0in the burial place of Manoah, his father

where his father, Manoah, is buried

1164JDG1631i2d4translate-names0Manoah

See how you translated this man's name in Judges 13:2. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1165JDG1631wv8zfigs-explicit0Samson had judged Israel for twenty years
1166JDG1631vmv2translate-numbers0twenty years
1167JDG17introc4540

Judges 17 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter begins a section explaining how Israel came to have a king.

Special concepts in this chapter

Idols and figures

According to the law of Moses, the Israelites were prohibited from making wooden figures or cast metal idols. This was a form of idolatry. This practice was common in Canaan and it shows the influence the Israelites allowed these people to have on them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])

1168JDG171rrp1writing-participants0There was a man

This is a way to introduce a new person to the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-participants]])

1169JDG171ke46translate-names0Micah

This is the name of a man. It is not the same man who wrote the book of Micah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1170JDG172c1x6translate-numbers01,100 pieces
1171JDG172k7itfigs-activepassive0that were taken from you
1172JDG172m56x0I stole it

I was the one who took it

1173JDG173z9j9translate-numbers01,100 pieces
1174JDG173p6ydfigs-idiom0set apart
1175JDG173sc6v0cast metal

metal that has been melted and poured into a mold to form a special shape

1176JDG173ss9u0I restore it to you

I give it back to you

1177JDG174xsr8translate-numbers0two hundred pieces of silver
1178JDG174r9hlfigs-activepassive0they were placed in the house of Micah
1179JDG175f5zyfigs-explicit0a house of idols
1180JDG176mxx3figs-metaphor0everyone did what was right in his own eyes
1181JDG177z9bc0of Bethlehem

from Bethlehem

1182JDG177u5wvfigs-explicit0of the clan of Judah
1183JDG177ktm70He stayed there to fulfill his duties

He lived and worked there

1184JDG178pd1z0find a place to live

find a different place to live

1185JDG179u9x8figs-explicit0where I might live
1186JDG1710s5tzfigs-metonymy0a father and a priest
1187JDG1710mw130I will give you ten pieces of silver a year

I will give you ten pieces of silver each year

1188JDG1710j73e0a suit of clothes

a set of clothes

1189JDG1710tm7mfigs-explicit0So the Levite went into his house
1190JDG1711mvs9figs-simile0the young man became to Micah like one of his sons
1191JDG1712t9anfigs-idiom0Micah set apart the Levite
1192JDG1712s6d6figs-metonymy0was in Micah's house
1193JDG18introy2ru0

Judges 18 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

The tribe of Dan

The tribe of Dan lacked faith in Yahweh and had yet to conquer its inheritance. In this chapter, they begin to conquer their land, but they also started to worship an idol. Their conquering of the land is much different than the other tribes' victories. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/inherit]])

1194JDG181d1r4writing-newevent0In those days

This phrase introduces the beginning of another event in the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])

1195JDG181w9qnwriting-background0In those days ... from among the tribes of Israel

This is background information about Israel and the people of the tribe of Dan. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

1196JDG181g4f2figs-explicit0not received any inheritance from
1197JDG182f83tfigs-metonymy0from the whole number of their tribe
1198JDG182j6xd0experienced warriors

experienced fighters

1199JDG182jv960Zorah

See how you translated the name of this town in Judges 13:2.

1200JDG182cgy70Eshtaol

See how you translated the name of this town in Judges 13:25.

1201JDG182wg6efigs-idiom0to scout the land on foot
1202JDG182bt980Micah

See how you translated this man's name in Judges 17:1.

1203JDG183c2tlfigs-metonymy0they recognized the speech of the young Levite
1204JDG187i57ptranslate-names0Laish

This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1205JDG187a8c90There was no one who conquered

There were no enemies living in their land who had conquered them

1206JDG187ch810had no dealings with anyone
1207JDG188f5il0Zorah

Translate the name of this city the same as you did in Judges 13:2.

1208JDG188lih20Eshtaol

Translate the name of this city the same as you did in Judges 13:25.

1209JDG189zpe9figs-rquestion0Are you doing nothing?
1210JDG189n8umfigs-doublenegatives0Do not be slow to attack
1211JDG1810r61z0the land is wide
1212JDG1810ab9jfigs-hyperbole0that does not lack anything in the land
1213JDG1810aj2lfigs-doublenegatives0that does not lack anything
1214JDG1811b97ltranslate-numbers0Six hundred men
1215JDG1812z66itranslate-names0Kiriath Jearim

This is the name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1216JDG1812q4cf0Mahaneh Dan

Translate the name of this place the same as you did in Judges 13:25.

1217JDG1812f453figs-idiom0to this day
1218JDG1814l46p0Laish

Translate the name of this town the same as you did in Judges 18:7.

1219JDG1814g3grfigs-rquestion0in these houses there are an ephod, ... metal figure? Decide ... will do
1220JDG1814g8xi0in these houses there are
1221JDG1815cx880they turned in there

they turned

1222JDG1815tf6m0they greeted him
1223JDG1816m84vtranslate-numbers0six hundred Danites
1224JDG1817a6nqtranslate-numbers0six hundred men
1225JDG1819fje7figs-rquestion0Is it better for you to be priest for the house of one man ... a clan in Israel?
1226JDG1820z2bpfigs-synecdoche0The priest's heart was glad
1227JDG1821v31efigs-explicit0They put the small children in front of themselves
1228JDG1821t33e0they turned

the Danites turned around

1229JDG1822p9e2figs-idiom0a good distance
1230JDG1822l34efigs-activepassive0the men who were in the houses near Micah's house were called together
1231JDG1822vkf10they caught up with the Danites
1232JDG1823c2k3figs-rquestion0Why have you been called together?
1233JDG1823sbb8figs-activepassive0been called together
1234JDG1824dy7ifigs-metonymy0the gods that I made
1235JDG1824edz2figs-rquestion0What else do I have left?
1236JDG1824i1v2figs-rquestion0How can you ask me, 'What is bothering you?'
1237JDG1825yzy3figs-metonymy0let us hear you say anything
1238JDG1825pgt9figs-explicit0hear you say anything
1239JDG1825fqe4figs-activepassive0you and your family will be killed
1240JDG1826g59xfigs-idiom0went their way
1241JDG1826v6dffigs-explicit0they were too strong for him
1242JDG1827k9pyfigs-metonymy0what Micah had made
1243JDG1827fw330Laish

See how you translated this in Judges 18:7.

1244JDG1827r1pvfigs-synecdoche0with the edge of the sword
1245JDG1828p5rb0they had no dealings with anyone

this means they lived far enough away from any other city, that they lived secluded from other people. See how you translated this phrase in Judges 18:7.

1246JDG1828vw28translate-names0Beth Rehob

This is a name of a town. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1247JDG1830z23nfigs-explicit0Jonathan son of Gershom, son of Moses
1248JDG1830myi7figs-metaphor0until the day of the land's captivity
1249JDG1831m78zfigs-metonymy0that he made
1250JDG19introgj7f0

Judges 19 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

The sin of Benjamin

People from a village of the tribe of Benjamin raped a visitor's wife to death. This was very evil, especially in the ancient Near East. The people of Israel considered mistreatment of a guest one of the worst crimes. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])

1251JDG191akh7writing-newevent0In those days

This phrase introduces the beginning of another event in the story line. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-newevent]])

1252JDG191u1qs0remote

far from where most people live

1253JDG192p37kfigs-explicit0was unfaithful to him
1254JDG193e9q80His servant was with him, and a pair of donkeys

He took with him his servant and two donkeys

1255JDG194bhr20His father-in-law, the girl's father, persuaded
1256JDG194v2kw0persuaded him to stay

spoke to him so he decided to stay

1257JDG195in6x0he prepared

the Levite prepared

1258JDG195kp5gfigs-synecdoche0Strengthen yourself with a bit of bread
1259JDG196j88k0Please be willing to spend the night

Please stay another night

1260JDG198a9urfigs-metonymy0Strengthen yourself, and wait until the afternoon
1261JDG199lvj40now the day is advancing toward evening
1262JDG1910amf90that is Jerusalem

which was later called Jerusalem

1263JDG1911l8erfigs-idiom0Come, let us
1264JDG1911k4l3figs-idiom0turn aside to
1265JDG1912yc4vfigs-idiom0turn aside into
1266JDG1913mke2figs-idiom0Come, let us
1267JDG1915fgr6figs-idiom0turned aside
1268JDG1915bqt50the city square

the marketplace where people gathered during the day

1269JDG1915w9nyfigs-idiom0took them into his house
1270JDG1916z1l20Benjamites

A Benjamite was a descendant of Benjamin. See how you translated the name of this people group in Judges 3:15.

1271JDG1917lsd3figs-metaphor0He raised his eyes
1272JDG1917h3nh0the city square

the marketplace where people gathered during the day. See how you translated this in Judges 19:14.

1273JDG1918jzg4figs-idiom0who will take me into his house
1274JDG1918c5tifigs-synecdoche0will take me
1275JDG1919he3wfigs-activepassive0there is bread and wine
1276JDG1919gw93figs-123person0me and your female servant here, and for this young man with your servants
1277JDG1919w8hbfigs-litotes0We lack nothing
1278JDG1920ep3p0Only do not
1279JDG1920jm1p0square

This refers to the city square. See how you translated this Judges 19:17.

1280JDG1921z5ahfigs-idiom0brought the Levite into his house
1281JDG1922dx6jfigs-idiom0they were making their hearts glad
1282JDG1922q1dh0some men of ... surrounded the house

Some men stood on all sides of the house.

1283JDG1924k4nm0See
1284JDG1925lk3tfigs-metaphor0the men would not listen to him
1285JDG1925ty8i0the man seized his concubine
1286JDG1925d28f0at dawn
1287JDG1926irp4figs-idiom0it was light
1288JDG1928gk5sfigs-explicit0But there was no answer
1289JDG1929r79afigs-idiom0limb by limb
1290JDG1929fx7utranslate-numbers0twelve pieces
1291JDG1929xd3ifigs-explicit0sent the pieces everywhere throughout Israel
1292JDG20introlla10

Judges 20 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Benjamin destroyed

The army of Israel destroys all the tribe of Benjamin except 600 men. After this point in time, the tribe of Benjamin becomes mostly insignificant.

1293JDG201wg4pfigs-simile0as one man
1294JDG201jp6afigs-merism0from Dan to Beersheba
1295JDG202ze7s0God—400,000 men on foot

God and also 400,000 regular soldiers came

1296JDG202hzs80ready to fight
1297JDG203sl7g0Now

This word is used here to mark a break in the main story line. Here the author of the book tells background information about what the people of Benjamin knew.

1298JDG203x8r40had gone up to Mizpah

Mizpah was located high in the mountains.

1299JDG204sa270to spend the night
1300JDG206gkc4figs-hendiadys0wickedness and outrage
1301JDG207h9h30Now

This word is used to introduce the conclusion of the speech of the Levite.

1302JDG207wp5tfigs-doublet0give your advice and counsel here
1303JDG208s9g2figs-simile0as one
1304JDG208s835figs-parallelism0None of us will go to his tent ... none of us will return to his house
1305JDG209xy7l0But now

These words introduce the main portion of what the people say after the initial exclamation.

1306JDG209l3690as the lot directs

This involved tossing or rolling small marked stones to determine what God wants.

1307JDG2010wsa9translate-numbers0ten men of a hundred ... one hundred of a thousand ... one thousand of ten thousand
1308JDG2010mm9k0provisions

food and other things the people need

1309JDG2011wfs10assembled against the city

came together to attack the city

1310JDG2013m9f5figs-idiom0put them to death
1311JDG2013n1zxfigs-metonymy0the voice of their brothers
1312JDG2015s9kutranslate-numbers0twenty-six thousand
1313JDG2015g1vktranslate-numbers0seven hundred
1314JDG2016a8xm0left-handed

A left-handed person is someone who is more skilled with their left hand than with their right hand.

1315JDG2016u1tj0could sling a stone at a hair and not miss
1316JDG2017apy50not counting

not including

1317JDG2017g8sztranslate-numbers0400000
1318JDG2018w2v70asked for advice from God
1319JDG2019k8jq0moved their camp near Gibeah

There is some question about the meaning of the Hebrew text. Instead of meaning that they set up their camp near Gibeah, it could mean that the army went out and stood across from Gibeah ready to fight.

1320JDG2021vj4ctranslate-numbers0twenty-two thousand
1321JDG2022cr9jfigs-idiom0strengthened themselves
1322JDG2022wb6t0they formed the battle line
1323JDG2023cpc20they sought direction from Yahweh

The method they used is not stated. The priest may have cast lots to determine God's will.

1324JDG2025t59rtranslate-numbers0eighteen thousand
1325JDG2026y97x0before Yahweh
1326JDG2027usm6writing-background0for the ark of the covenant of God was there in those days

This is background information that the author inserted to help the reader understand how the people asked Yahweh for an answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

1327JDG2027cs7a0was there in those days

was at Bethel in those days

1328JDG2028ly8ewriting-background0and Phinehas ... was serving before the ark in those days

This is background information that the author inserted to help the reader understand how the people asked Yahweh for an answer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

1329JDG2028d9mafigs-explicit0was serving before the ark
1330JDG2028w427figs-explicit0Attack
1331JDG2029f7uqfigs-metonymy0Israel set men
1332JDG2029k5i50secret places

in ambush

1333JDG2031t9ehfigs-explicit0fought against the people
1334JDG2031d8mefigs-activepassive0they were drawn away from the city
1335JDG2031z77cfigs-explicit0They began to kill some of the people
1336JDG2032e81w0just as at first
1337JDG2033a2iktranslate-names0Baal Tamar

This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1338JDG2033swx2translate-names0Maareh Gibeah
1339JDG2034de7ztranslate-numbers0ten thousand
1340JDG2034wk8afigs-idiom0chosen men
1341JDG2034p4k5figs-metaphor0disaster was close to them
1342JDG2035bt91translate-numbers025,100 men
1343JDG2036mrd4writing-background0The men of Israel had given ground to Benjamin, because they were counting on the men ... outside Gibeah

From this sentence until the end of verse 41 is background information that the writer inserted to explain to the readers how the ambush defeated the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

1344JDG2036i3rufigs-idiom0had given ground to Benjamin
1345JDG2036sq9efigs-idiom0they were counting on the men

This is an idiom that means they trusted their men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

1346JDG2039btm9writing-background0General Information:

This verse continues to give background information that the writer inserted to explain to the readers how the ambush defeated the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

1347JDG2039t29b0would turn from the battle

would retreat from the fight

1348JDG2039vbr9figs-activepassive0they are defeated before us
1349JDG2040w5nswriting-background0General Information:

This verse continues to give background information that the writer inserted to explain to the readers how the ambush defeated the Benjamites. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

1350JDG2041ltm10disaster

great harm, trouble, misery

1351JDG2041jg8pfigs-idiom0come on them
1352JDG2042pdp2figs-personification0But the fighting overtook them
1353JDG2043xh56translate-names0Nohah

This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1354JDG2043cis4figs-metaphor0trampled them down
1355JDG2044jd79translate-numbers0eighteen thousand
1356JDG2044c8tw0were distinguished in battle

had fought bravely in the battle

1357JDG2045akn80They turned and fled

The remaining Benjamites turned and fled

1358JDG2045e3cstranslate-numbers0five thousand ... two thousand
1359JDG2045y3rytranslate-names0Gidom

This is the name of a place. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1360JDG2046d674translate-numbers0twenty-five thousand
1361JDG2047h1citranslate-numbers0six hundred
1362JDG2048h7m30turned back against the people of Benjamin

These people of Benjamin are not the soldiers who fled to the rock of Rimmon, but the ones who were still in the city.

1363JDG2048l4rwfigs-metonymy0the city
1364JDG2048ue39figs-idiom0in their path
1365JDG21introbf760
1366JDG211w65ewriting-background0
1367JDG211rw2t0Benjamite

This is the name of the descendants of Benjamin. See how you translated this in Judges 3:15.

1368JDG213q8cbfigs-rquestion0Why, Yahweh, God of Israel, has this happened to Israel, that one of our tribes should be missing today?
1369JDG215xs350
1370JDG215p72fwriting-background0
1371JDG215flc8figs-activepassive0He would certainly be put to death
1372JDG216yb7gfigs-metaphor0their brother Benjamin
1373JDG216j93pfigs-metaphor0one tribe has been cut off from Israel
1374JDG217dms90Who will provide wives for those who are left, since we have made a promise to Yahweh that we will not let any of them marry our daughters?

The Israelites wanted to provide wives for the few surviving Benjamites, but their promise at Mizpah prevented them from doing that.

1375JDG218vtf2translate-names0Jabesh Gilead

This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1376JDG219jyg70people were set out in an orderly manner

people that were assembled at Mizpah were accounted for

1377JDG219qs2vfigs-explicit0none of the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead were there
1378JDG2110p52btranslate-numbers0twelve thousand
1379JDG2110qw5x0strike the inhabitants of Jabesh Gilead with the edge of the sword, including the women and children

The next verse will add an exception to this general instruction.

1380JDG2110ajh80strike ... with the edge of the sword

kill ... with their swords

1381JDG2112n2u20Jabesh Gilead

This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in Judges 21:8.

1382JDG2112ani7translate-numbers0four hundred young women
1383JDG2112w47bfigs-euphemism0who had not known a man by lying with him
1384JDG2113c39bfigs-abstractnouns0they were offering them peace
1385JDG2114h1ad0Jabesh Gilead

This is the name of a city. See how you translated this in Judges 21:8.

1386JDG2114iu7g0there were not enough women for all of them

There were six hundred Benjamite men, and only four hundred women from Jabesh Gilead.

1387JDG2115v1140made a division between the tribes of Israel

had caused the tribes of Israel not to be unified

1388JDG2116sc2b0Benjamites

This refers to the descendants of Benjamin. See how you translated this in Judges 3:15.

1389JDG2116rgy2figs-activepassive0the women of Benjamin have been killed
1390JDG2117mk7lfigs-hyperbole0There must be an inheritance ... is not destroyed from Israel

The Israelites are exaggerating. They had already given wives to four hundred of the Benjamites, so the tribe would not be completely destroyed. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]])

1391JDG2118qnk3figs-synecdoche0a wife to Benjamin
1392JDG2119u453writing-background0which is north of Bethel, east of the road that goes up from Bethel to Shechem, and south of Lebonah

This is background information to explain to the reader where the city of Shiloh is located. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

1393JDG2119m2hztranslate-names0Lebonah

This is the name of a city. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

1394JDG2121am3ffigs-explicit0each one of you should grab a wife ... go back to the land of Benjamin
1395JDG2122z5ggfigs-abstractnouns0Show us favor
1396JDG2122zsi5figs-explicit0because we did not get wives for each man during the war
1397JDG2122pcc60You are innocent ... not give your daughters to them

This refers to the men of Shiloh. They did not voluntarily give their daughters to the Benjamites, and therefore did not break their promise not to do that.

1398JDG2123ng9r0the number of wives that they needed

This refers to one wife for each of the two hundred Benjamite men who did not receive wives from Jabesh Gilead (Judges 21:14).

1399JDG2125b8xe0there was no king in Israel

Israel did not yet have a king

1400JDG2125d46gfigs-metaphor0what was right in his own eyes