en_tn/en_tn_39-MAL.tsv

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2MALfrontintroaxt40
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Malachi 01 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Yahweh of hosts

This is an important title used in this chapter. It reminds the reader of the great power Yahweh has to punish the nations. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/yahwehofhosts]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Rhetorical questions

There are many rhetorical questions in this chapter. They all have a rather dramatic effect. They increase the emotional connotations of what is being said. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

4MAL11qm8z0The declaration of the word of Yahweh to Israel by the hand of Malachi
5MAL11x4vm0Yahweh

This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.

6MAL11lx85figs-idiom0by the hand of Malachi
7MAL12vb2mfigs-rquestion0How have you loved us?
8MAL12cy61figs-rquestion0Was not Esau Jacob's brother?
9MAL12l68t0declares Yahweh

Yahweh has solemnly said this

10MAL12ef9gfigs-explicit0I have loved Jacob
11MAL12j176figs-synecdoche0I have loved Jacob
12MAL13xf470Esau I have hated
13MAL13e38qfigs-synecdoche0Esau I have hated
14MAL13t9bu0his mountains

This refers to the hill country of Edom.

15MAL13q6yq0I have made his inheritance a place for the jackals of the wilderness

In the Old Testament, the presence of wild animals such as jackals was a frequent description of land deserted by the people who once lived there.

16MAL13rff9figs-metaphor0his inheritance
17MAL14z8qdfigs-metonymy0If Edom says
18MAL14x6krfigs-metonymy0I will throw down
19MAL14zv9vfigs-abstractnouns0country of wickedness
20MAL15bq14figs-synecdoche0Your own eyes will see this
21MAL16zu710General Information:

Yahweh rebukes the priests using an imaginary conversation in which the priests protest that they are doing right and Yahweh tells them what they are doing wrong.

22MAL16u3vjfigs-metonymy0despise my name
23MAL16awt1figs-rquestion0How have we despised your name?
24MAL17dyc6figs-metaphor0polluted bread
25MAL17v4atfigs-rquestion0How have we polluted you?
26MAL17h6dvfigs-metaphor0polluted you

This expression refers to insulting God by giving him unsuitable sacrifices. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

27MAL17efa30table

This refers to an altar.

28MAL17xu5yfigs-ellipsis0By saying that Yahweh's table is contemptible.
29MAL17agd80contemptible

regarded as worthless

30MAL18zw52figs-rquestion0When you offer blind animals for sacrifice, is that not evil?
31MAL18i5xbfigs-rquestion0When you offer the lame and sick, is that not evil?
32MAL18f8k3figs-imperative0Present that to your governor! Will he accept you or will he lift up your face?
33MAL18kw16figs-rquestion0Will he accept you or will he lift up your face?
34MAL18ch8qfigs-idiom0will he lift up your face
35MAL18j8zc0Present

give as a gift to show respect

36MAL19d7q30Now you keep asking the face of God, that he may be gracious to us

Malachi is no longer speaking for God. He is talking directly to the Israelites; he is criticizing them for daring to think that God will have mercy on them.

37MAL19kht7figs-synecdoche0keep asking the face of God
38MAL19r5f4figs-rquestion0with such an offering in your hand, would he lift up any of your faces?
39MAL19wg220with such an offering in your hand

This difficult phrase in Hebrew is interpreted in many different ways by modern versions.

40MAL19kmg8figs-synecdoche0in your hand
41MAL19m84qfigs-idiom0would he lift up any of your faces
42MAL110w5uc0Oh, if only

This expresses great desire.

43MAL110pv8hfigs-metonymy0so that you might not light fires on my altar in vain
44MAL110ju31figs-synecdoche0from your hand
45MAL111v4x9figs-merism0from the rising of the sun to its setting
46MAL111ls76figs-metonymy0my name will be great among the nations
47MAL111rx5cfigs-activepassive0in every place incense and pure offerings will be offered in my name
48MAL111m2j4figs-metonymy0in my name
49MAL112n6gq0its fruit, its food
50MAL113la3nfigs-idiom0snort at it

show great disrespect by making noises through the nose (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

51MAL113kz7pfigs-rquestion0Should I accept this from your hand?
52MAL113nx88figs-synecdoche0from your hand
53MAL114v5fdfigs-activepassive0my name will be honored among the nations
54MAL114z5rafigs-metonymy0my name will be honored
55MAL2introjc2b0

Malachi 02 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Levites

The priests are given a strong warning in this chapter. They have not followed the law of Moses and have led the people in the wrong direction. Yahweh has not accepted their sacrifices. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/priest]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])

Marital unfaithfulness

Because the Jews lived under a covenantal arrangement with Yahweh, their relationship is described using the imagery of a marriage. Marital unfaithfulness indicates a person's unfaithfulness to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/covenant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

56MAL22y1ilfigs-idiom0lay it on your heart
57MAL22w6csfigs-abstractnouns0give honor to my name
58MAL22e4vhfigs-metonymy0my name

Here this expression refers to God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

59MAL22k5mdfigs-abstractnouns0I will send a curse on you
60MAL22b7vlfigs-idiom0you are not laying my command on your heart
61MAL23vsb2figs-metaphor0I will spread dung on your faces
62MAL23skc9figs-metonymy0the dung from your festivals
63MAL23m2bsfigs-activepassive0he will take you away with it
64MAL23zti7figs-metaphor0he will take you away with it

Possible meanings of this expression are 1) God will punish the unfaithful priests by killing them and causing their bodies to be carried away on the piles of animal dung, or 2) God will punish the unfaithful priests in such a horrible way that it will be as if their bodies had been carried away with the animal dung. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

65MAL24cr4jfigs-metonymy0Levi
66MAL25x7pvfigs-metonymy0General Information:

Yahweh speaks of the tribe of Levi as though they are Levi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

67MAL25t8fsfigs-metaphor0My covenant with him was life and peace
68MAL25f2iffigs-ellipsis0fear, and he feared me
69MAL25td35figs-metonymy0in awe of my name
70MAL26e73zfigs-metonymy0nothing false was found
71MAL26pjq6figs-metonymy0on his lips
72MAL26u9rhfigs-metaphor0He walked with me

Here walking stands for living, conducting one's life in a certain way. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

73MAL26ws89figs-metaphor0in peace and uprightness
74MAL26p1lhfigs-metaphor0he turned many away from sin
75MAL26fxl1figs-metaphor0lips
76MAL27kp5vfigs-metaphor0For a priest's lips should keep knowledge
77MAL27d2lafigs-abstractnouns0seek instruction
78MAL27sp8ufigs-metonymy0from his mouth
79MAL28si1sfigs-metaphor0you have turned away from the true path

The right way to behave is spoken of as if it were the right path to follow, and abandoning right conduct is spoken of as if it were turning away from that path. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

80MAL28um6vfigs-metaphor0You have caused many to stumble

Disobeying God is spoken of as if it were stumbling. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

81MAL28j9xs0You have caused many to stumble with respect to the law
82MAL29gx4afigs-metaphor0before all the people

This spatial idea stands for the people's awareness of the priests' evil behavior. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

83MAL29wq7pfigs-metaphor0kept my ways
84MAL29z4gm0shown partiality with regard to the instruction

set easy standards of behavior for people you like and difficult standards of behavior for people you do not like

85MAL29z9ytfigs-metaphor0shown partiality
86MAL210h2mp0General Information:

Here the prophet Malachi begins to speak to his fellow Israelites.

87MAL210e1l1writing-background0Is there not one father for us all? Has not one God created us?
88MAL210q37tfigs-rquestion0Has not one God created us?
89MAL210t4al0created us

This probably refers to God forming the Hebrews into a nation.

90MAL210rm21figs-rquestion0Why are we faithless each man against his brother, profaning the covenant of our fathers?
91MAL211h25ufigs-metonymy0Judah has been faithless
92MAL211ef4lfigs-activepassive0A disgusting thing has been committed in Israel and in Jerusalem
93MAL211zbw5figs-metonymy0For Judah has profaned the holy place of Yahweh
94MAL211h7i9figs-metonymy0has married the daughter of a foreign god
95MAL212bxx3figs-metaphor0May Yahweh cut off from the tents of Jacob the man who
96MAL212tkp6figs-metaphor0the tents of Jacob
97MAL212f33mfigs-metonymy0Jacob
98MAL212vdy5figs-idiom0the one who is awake and the one who answers
99MAL213dt290General Information:

Malachi continues to speak to his fellow Israelites.

100MAL213sw3ffigs-hyperbole0You cover the altar of Yahweh with tears

This sarcastically exaggerates the amount of tears the people cry to show that Yahweh knows that the people do not really feel sad. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])

101MAL213rx8efigs-doublet0with weeping and sighing
102MAL213gt5ufigs-metonymy0does not turn toward the offering

Here turning toward a gift stands for receiving it and showing favor to the giver. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

103MAL213lbk9figs-explicit0does not turn toward the offering

This implies that those who are weeping at Yahweh's altar have offered sacrifices to him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

104MAL213y3lrfigs-synecdoche0from your hand
105MAL214n6ulfigs-ellipsis0Why does he not?
106MAL214u2qp0the wife of your youth

the woman you married when you were young

107MAL214xn6fwriting-background0Yahweh was a witness between you and the wife of your youth

This statement assumes that this woman is still living. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

108MAL214s3k3figs-metaphor0a witness between you and the wife of your youth

Here a witness to an agreement between two people is thought of as standing between them in order to testify about what they agreed to, in case a dispute arises between the two people. This sentence also was meant to remind the people that Yahweh would punish any Israelite who broke the covenant of marriage. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

109MAL214mz1qwriting-background0she was your companion and your wife by covenant

This statement implies that many of the Israelites had divorced their wives. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

110MAL214txe10by covenant

by the covenant of marriage that you agreed to

111MAL215x1gifigs-rquestion0Did he not make them one, with a portion of his spirit?
112MAL215qfl1writing-background0make them one
113MAL215i3ny0an offspring from God

Children who would honor and obey God.

114MAL216hp7zfigs-abstractnouns0I hate divorce
115MAL216ly2gfigs-idiom0the one who covers his garment with violence

This phrase probably means any man who is violent toward his wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

116MAL216iv8h0So guard yourselves in your spirit and do not be faithless

So be careful to be loyal to your wife

117MAL217ug3afigs-metaphor0You have wearied Yahweh
118MAL217d6k5figs-rquestion0How have we wearied him?
119MAL217ba81figs-explicit0By saying
120MAL217wde5figs-metaphor0in the eyes
121MAL217ze8sfigs-rquestion0Where is the God of justice?
122MAL217kw1t0the God of justice

the God who punishes evildoers justly

123MAL3introwb480

Malachi 03 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Messiah

There are several prophecies in this chapter concerning the Messiah and the one who comes before the Messiah. At times, this chapter switches between prophesying about the first coming of the Messiah and the second coming of the Messiah without formal divisions between them. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/christ]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Rhetorical questions

Several rhetorical questions are used in this chapter to convince the reader of the truth of what he is saying and of their sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])

124MAL31zeq20General Information:

Yahweh begins speaking again to the people of Israel in verse 1, but the prophet Malachi begins speaking in verse 2.

125MAL31v6se0See
126MAL31j5pefigs-metaphor0he will prepare the way before me

Here getting people ready to welcome Yahweh is spoken of as if a road were being cleared for Yahweh to travel on. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

127MAL31d1j70Then the Lord, whom you seek ... The messenger of the covenant in whom you delight

Some modern versions translate this in a way that implies that these two expressions refer to the same person. Other modern versions leave this matter ambiguous. We recommend that translations leave this matter ambiguous, as the ULT and UST do.

128MAL31w8yf0The messenger of the covenant
129MAL32f24jfigs-rquestion0But who will be able to endure the day of his coming? Who will be able to stand when he appears?
130MAL32phd60the day of his coming
131MAL32z2xefigs-metaphor0be able to stand

Here standing represents resisting someone's attack or accusations. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

132MAL32iqv7figs-simile0For he will be like a refiner's fire and like laundry soap

This sentence gives the reason why no one will be able to resist God when he comes. God's power to judge the people and to stop them from sinning is spoken of as if it were the power of strong soap to clean clothes, or the power of fire to melt an object. These are ways of saying that God's power to do these things cannot be stopped. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

133MAL33bxz3figs-metaphor0he will purify the sons of Levi
134MAL33tcd4figs-metaphor0the sons of Levi
135MAL33pfr2figs-simile0He will sit

Here sitting implies the action of a metalworker, who sits down in order to purify small amounts of gold or silver. It also implies the action of a king, who sits down to judge people and give decrees. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

136MAL33q9lifigs-simile0He will refine them like gold and silver

Here persuading people not to sin any longer is spoken of as if a metalworker were making gold and silver more pure. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

137MAL33n3xs0they will bring offerings of righteousness to Yahweh
138MAL34pj3s0General Information:

Malachi continues speaking in verse 4, but Yahweh begins speaking again in verse 5.

139MAL34ws2lfigs-metonymy0the offering of Judah and Jerusalem
140MAL34y8h1figs-parallelism0as in the days of old, and as in ancient years
141MAL35te3ufigs-abstractnouns0Then I will approach you for judgment
142MAL35dx2i0oppress the hired worker in his wages

cause the hired worker to suffer by not paying him for his work

143MAL35k42efigs-explicit0turn away the foreigner
144MAL36tl2p0General Information:

Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.

145MAL36mep40have not come to an end

have not perished

146MAL37ji32figs-metaphor0From the days of your fathers you have turned aside from my statutes and have not kept them
147MAL37deh7figs-metaphor0Return to me, and I will return to you
148MAL37l1irfigs-rquestion0How will we return?
149MAL38w6x10General Information:

Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.

150MAL38dn4ifigs-rquestion0Would a person rob God?
151MAL38ijc5figs-rquestion0How have we robbed you?
152MAL38cy6mfigs-explicit0In tithes and offerings
153MAL39grs1figs-activepassive0You are cursed with a curse
154MAL39mr470you are robbing me, the whole nation
155MAL310v6qw0General Information:

Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel.

156MAL310n4ch0the full tithe

all the tithes

157MAL310dmr8figs-metaphor0my house
158MAL310wcp4figs-metaphor0and test me now in this ... if I do not open to you the windows of heaven
159MAL312mfq1figs-metaphor0All the nations will call you blessed
160MAL312bvs1figs-metonymy0All the nations
161MAL312rm7vfigs-abstractnouns0a land of delight
162MAL313l55w0General Information:

These verses begin a new section in the book. Here Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel.

163MAL313h229figs-metaphor0Your words against me have been strong
164MAL313fv74figs-rquestion0What have we said among ourselves against you?
165MAL314hnv8figs-rquestion0What profit is it that we have kept his requirements or walked mournfully before Yahweh of hosts?
166MAL314j6y1figs-metaphor0walked mournfully before Yahweh of hosts
167MAL314n7bsfigs-metaphor0before Yahweh of hosts

Here this expression refers to God being aware of what the people were doing. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

168MAL315maa8figs-metaphor0we call the arrogant blessed
169MAL315a55nfigs-activepassive0we call the arrogant blessed
170MAL315e45rfigs-explicit0escape
171MAL316e2b80General Information:

The event described here may have taken place after the godly people in Israel repented of their sins.

172MAL316le6y0a book of remembrance was written before him about those who feared Yahweh

This can mean 1) the Israelites wrote a book so they would remember what they had promised and listed the names of people who feared Yahweh or 2) Yahweh caused someone in heaven to write a book with the names of people who feared him.

173MAL316tdq5figs-abstractnouns0book of remembrance

This expression refers to any book that helps people remember important things, such as events or people who lived in the past. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])

174MAL316b8vcfigs-metonymy0honored his name
175MAL317em210They will be mine

They will be my people

176MAL317j5apfigs-abstractnouns0my own treasured possession
177MAL317pp170I act

the time when Yahweh will judge and punish the rebellious Israelites, giving victory to the faithful Israelites

178MAL318d9hz0distinguish between
179MAL4introazp50

Malachi 04 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Last days

Although the Jews may have hoped these prophecies referenced a time in the near future to them, the prophecies of this chapter exclusively relate to the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])

180MAL41q73f0see
181MAL41y5w1figs-metaphor0the day is coming, burning like a furnace

The disaster occurring at this time is spoken of as if the day itself were burning. God's judgment is often spoken of as if it were a fire. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

182MAL41e9jy0arrogant ... evildoers

See how you translated these wordsd in Malachi 3:15.

183MAL41i1qyfigs-metaphor0all the arrogant and all the evildoers will become stubble
184MAL41f4xrfigs-metonymy0The day that is coming will burn them up
185MAL41x4llfigs-merism0it will leave them neither root nor branch
186MAL42tqe5figs-metonymy0you who fear my name
187MAL42jc140the sun of righteousness will rise with healing in its wings

This can mean 1) Yahweh, who always acts righteously, will come and heal his people on that day or 2) on that day Yahweh will reveal the people's righteousness and heal them.

188MAL42p4ncfigs-abstractnouns0healing in its wings

Possible meanings are 1) the act of healing someone is spoken of as if it were an object that the sun carried to people by means of its wings or 2) the healing takes place under the wings, that is, in the security God gives his people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

189MAL42n991figs-metaphor0wings

It was common in the Ancient Near East to speak of the sun as if it had wings, with which it moved across the sky. Possible meanings are 1) the sun's life-giving rays of light are spoken of as if they were its wings or 2) the wings are said to cover God's people so as to give them peace and safey. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

190MAL42is44figs-simile0You will go out, and you will leap like calves from the stall

Here the redeemed people of Yahweh are spoken of as if they were young bulls released from their stalls, allowed to go out into their pasture. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

191MAL43cn2rfigs-metaphor0you will trample down the wicked, for they will be ashes under the soles of your feet

Here the victory of God's people is spoken of as if they were walking over the burned bodies of their enemies. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

192MAL43f8ct0they will be ashes

The Israelites' enemies are spoken of as having been burned to ashes (Malachi 4:1).

193MAL44if2vfigs-abstractnouns0Remember the teaching of my servant Moses that I gave him
194MAL44td5c0Remember
195MAL44n5dr0Horeb

This is another name for Sinai.

196MAL44r85gfigs-metonymy0all Israel
197MAL44arq60the statutes

These are the laws that God gave Israel for all time.

198MAL44l5p20the rulings

These are legal decisions meant to make clear how the general statutes apply to everyday life.

199MAL45cnc1figs-metaphor0the coming of the great and fearful day of Yahweh
200MAL45s6ig0the great and fearful day of Yahweh

This expression refers to any time in which Yahweh acts decisively.

201MAL46kql7figs-metaphor0He will turn the heart of the fathers to the children, and the heart of the children to their fathers

Here changing how people think is spoken of as if it were turning their hearts. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])