en_tn/en_tn_33-MIC.tsv

80 KiB

1BookChapterVerseIDSupportReferenceOrigQuoteOccurrenceGLQuoteOccurrenceNote
2MICfrontintrohp4d0
3MIC1introe47z0
4MIC11bv15figs-parallelism0General Information:

God speaks through Micah to the people of Israel using poetry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])

5MIC11c3k1figs-idiom0the word of Yahweh that came
6MIC11ar460Yahweh

This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.

7MIC11c9rjtranslate-names0the Morashtite

This means he is from Moresheth which is a town in Judah. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

8MIC11ts920in the days of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah

when Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah were kings of Judah

9MIC11d1fd0which he saw

which he heard in a vision

10MIC12ya6p0General Information:

Micah 1:2-7 is about God's judgment on Samaria.

11MIC12x9l2figs-apostrophe0Listen, all you peoples. Listen, earth, and all that is in you

This begins Micah's prophecy. Micah speaks to the people of Samaria as if all the people of the earth and even the earth itself were able to hear him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])

12MIC13i37kfigs-metaphor0he will come down and tread on the high places of the earth

Micah speaks as if Yahweh were a mighty soldier coming down from heaven and beginning to march on top of the mountains. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

13MIC13gq790he will ... tread

he will ... march

14MIC13c6u60the high places of the earth

the high mountains

15MIC14dgb2figs-metaphor0The mountains will melt under him; the valleys will break apart, like wax before fire, like waters that are poured down a steep place
16MIC15rgh7figs-metonymy0because of the sins of the house of Israel
17MIC15a7g10All this is

The Lord will come and judge

18MIC15efa8figs-metonymy0What is Jacob's transgression?
19MIC15t7btfigs-metonymy0Is it not Samaria?
20MIC15rj3vfigs-synecdoche0What is Judah's high place?
21MIC15rjt6figs-metonymy0Is it not Jerusalem?
22MIC16m3rh0I will make
23MIC16wu3lfigs-metaphor0Samaria ... her stones ... her foundations
24MIC16mrm30I will pour her stones
25MIC17eu6lfigs-metaphor0her carved figures ... her gifts that she received ... her idols
26MIC17n921figs-activepassive0All her carved figures will be broken to pieces
27MIC17a2effigs-activepassive0all her gifts ... will be burned with fire
28MIC17nci40she received

people gave her

29MIC17syr2figs-metaphor0Since she gathered her gifts from the wages of prostitutes, they will become the wages of prostitutes again

Yahweh speaks of the people giving gifts to idols as if the people were hiring prostitutes. When the Assyrians destroy Samaria, they will take to Assyria the gifts the people of Samaria gave to their idols and give them as gifts to their own idols. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

30MIC18y14v0General Information:

Micah 1:8-16 is about God's judgment on Judah.

31MIC18agj70I will lament
32MIC18evd30I will lament and wail
33MIC18sl7i0I will go barefoot and naked
34MIC18ly5n0naked

probably wearing only a loincloth

35MIC18y5zcfigs-simile0like the jackals ... like owls

Jackals and owls live in wastelands, and their loud cries sound like people wailing or weeping. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

36MIC19v3ycfigs-metaphor0For her wound is incurable
37MIC19j8a2figs-metaphor0for it has come to Judah
38MIC110ty72translate-names0Beth Leaphrah
39MIC110zki3translate-symaction0I roll myself in the dust
40MIC111fc7v0General Information:

The meanings of the names of the villages is important to Micah here. You may want to include the meanings of the names of the places in a footnote.

41MIC111n7tttranslate-names0Shaphir
42MIC111aq1ufigs-idiom0in nakedness and shame
43MIC111r6st0Zaanan
44MIC111m77i0Beth Ezel
45MIC111ad97figs-activepassive0for their protection is taken away
46MIC112c45f0Maroth
47MIC112wuv4figs-abstractnouns0disaster has come down from Yahweh
48MIC113qn9htranslate-names0Lachish
49MIC113t76ufigs-metonymy0the daughter of Zion
50MIC113b2dcfigs-activepassive0for the transgressions of Israel were found in you
51MIC114yl23translate-names0Moresheth Gath
52MIC114k4w10Akzib
53MIC115xs9b0I will again bring
54MIC115vu14translate-names0Mareshah
55MIC115wh3utranslate-names0Adullam

This is the name of a royal city in Philistia. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

56MIC116i5ubtranslate-symaction0Shave your head and cut off your hair
57MIC116nb8x0eagles
58MIC2introjy290

Micah 02 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter continues using poetic forms in communicating that people who take advantage of others are guilty of sin and injustice. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/guilt]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

Context

Micah does not frequently explain the historical context of his prophecies. This may result in the translator failing to understand implicit information. Additional research may be needed regarding the time period of Micah's ministry. Therefore, translators have a good understanding of the history of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

59MIC21c11k0General Information:

Micah speaks against the leaders in Israel who are taking advantage of the poor and not following God's commands.

60MIC22r4qb0They oppress a man
61MIC23r7sk0Look
62MIC23e8pn0disaster

See how you translated this in Micah 1:12.

63MIC23zi710this clan
64MIC23k4i7figs-metaphor0from which you will not remove your necks
65MIC24t7xt0sing a song about you

sing a song to make fun of you

66MIC24ymz1figs-irony0lament with a wailing lamentation
67MIC24frk2figs-irony0We Israelites ... to traitors

This is the song that the enemies will sing to make fun of the Israelites and laugh as the Israelites suffer. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])

68MIC24hz57figs-rquestion0How can he remove it from me?
69MIC25rnf90Therefore, you rich people will have no descendants to divide up the territory by lot in the assembly of Yahweh

Possible meanings are 1) Micah looks forward to a time after the exile when those who return will divide up the land or 2) he is speaking of a custom of his time when the tribe or clan would divide up their land and give it to individuals.

70MIC26eli90General Information:

Micah speaks to false prophets, as well as to the rich who have abused their power.

71MIC26a888figs-you0Do not prophesy

The speakers are speaking to Micah and to others, so this is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

72MIC26iph50they say

the people of Israel say

73MIC26nl1s0They must not prophesy

The prophets must not prophesy

74MIC26dqe6figs-metaphor0reproaches must not come
75MIC27d2pmfigs-rquestion0
76MIC27cd55figs-metonymy0house of Jacob
77MIC27hr6wfigs-rquestion0
78MIC27dhy6figs-rquestion0Do not my words do good to anyone who walks uprightly?
79MIC28nby20my people

This refers to either 1) Micah's people or 2) Yahweh's people.

80MIC28h252figs-metaphor0You strip the robe, the garment, from those who pass by unsuspectingly

Possible meanings are 1) the wicked rich people are literally stealing robes from the poor or 2) creditors are keeping the outer garments of the poor who come to borrow money and give the garment as assurance they will repay. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

81MIC29h3sh0General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking to the wicked rich people in Israel.

82MIC29vit80you take my blessing from their young children forever

This refers, in general, to blessings God has given to his people. It might refer to 1) being landowners in Israel, 2) a promising future or 3) to the children's fathers, farmers who worked hard to establish the nation.

83MIC29sez80my blessing

Micah speaks as if he were Yahweh.

84MIC210x485figs-activepassive0it is destroyed with complete destruction
85MIC211fn9ufigs-you0comes to you ... will prophesy to you
86MIC211mwp4figs-you0he would be considered
87MIC212xls80General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking. At the end of this chapter, Yahweh shows himself to be a shepherd who protects his people. He may especially be addressing those in Jerusalem who have returned from Assyria.

88MIC212l2iefigs-you0all of you, Jacob
89MIC213wz2q0Someone who breaks open their way ... Yahweh will be at their head.

This is a picture of a king leading his people out of an enclosed city.

90MIC3introwy5w0

Micah 03 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Justice

An unjust society was considered sinful. It was considered to be against the law of Moses. If these kingdoms did not have justice, they were not obedient to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/justice]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])

Important figures of speech in this chapter

Metaphors

There are vivid pictures used in this chapter which show how the leaders of the people were treating the Israelites. These situations are absurd unless taken as a metaphor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

91MIC31lg8w0General Information:

Chapter 3 focuses on the corrupt leaders in Israel.

92MIC31bi750I said
93MIC31cd9lfigs-rquestion0Is it not right for you to understand justice?
94MIC32e3yk0Connecting Statement:

Micah begins to compare the leaders of Israel to butchers.

95MIC32ep25figs-nominaladj0hate good and love evil
96MIC32y42gfigs-metaphor0you who tear off their skin, their flesh from their bones

A butcher cutting up animals into meat is a metaphor for the leaders being cruel to the poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

97MIC33vja60Connecting Statement:

Micah finishes comparing the leaders of Israel to butchers.

98MIC33vs7qfigs-metaphor0just like meat in a cauldron

A butcher cutting up animals into meat is a metaphor for the leaders being cruel to the poor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

99MIC34x8430General Information:

Micah continues speaking.

100MIC34pu9j0cry out to Yahweh

shout to Yahweh for help

101MIC34uuv70he will not answer you

he will not do what you ask him to do

102MIC34ru8jfigs-metaphor0He will hide his face from you
103MIC35q1tf0General Information:

Micah continues to speak judgment against false prophets.

104MIC35wvm2figs-metaphor0who lead my people astray
105MIC35uud3figs-metaphor0if one gives them something to eat, they proclaim, 'Peace.'
106MIC35jn8zfigs-metaphor0if he puts nothing in their mouths, they dedicate themselves to wage war on him
107MIC36v4xhfigs-metaphor0it will be night for you ... the day will be dark on them

Darkness is a metaphor for Yahweh not speaking to the prophets. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

108MIC36r42r0no vision for you

you will no longer see visions

109MIC37xh15figs-activepassive0The seers will be put to shame, and the diviners will be confused
110MIC37pe2mfigs-metonymy0All of them will cover their lips
111MIC37s6nk0there is no answer from me

I will be silent

112MIC38ku3z0But as for me
113MIC38qw2hfigs-metaphor0I am full of power by the Spirit of Yahweh, and am full of justice and might
114MIC38h3w3figs-metonymy0to declare to Jacob his transgression, and to Israel his sin
115MIC39ral1figs-metonymy0house of Jacob
116MIC39rm8tfigs-metonymy0the house of Israel
117MIC39ujn20detest

strongly dislike

118MIC310ca1vfigs-metaphor0You build Zion with blood and Jerusalem with iniquity
119MIC311yn4tfigs-rquestion0Is not Yahweh with us?
120MIC311aeh50evil
121MIC312r9xr0because of you
122MIC312aqg2figs-metaphor0Zion will become a plowed field ... and the hill of the temple will become a thicket
123MIC312k2is0a plowed field

a field that a farmer has plowed

124MIC312m86y0a thicket

a place where many small woody plants grow

125MIC4intropzv80

Micah 04 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter continues the poetic form to communicate that God will one day restore Israel. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])

Special concepts in this chapter

Remanant

Micah speaks about a future hope and a remnant who will return to their homeland. Verses 1-8 are a vision of the future when God will restore Israel to its former glory. These verses will give hope to those about to be removed from their homeland. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]])

126MIC41rn5hfigs-metaphor0the mountain ... other mountains

Yahweh making the temple mount higher than all other mountains and hills is a metaphor for making his temple the most important place on earth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

127MIC41a15lfigs-activepassive0the mountain of Yahweh's house will be established
128MIC41pbd30over the other mountains

Mount Zion will be the most important of all the mountains. It might also mean that this mountain will become the highest in the world, and not only in the region where it is located.

129MIC41ttd5figs-activepassive0It will be exalted above the hills
130MIC41w891figs-metaphor0peoples will stream to it
131MIC42gve4figs-metonymy0Many nations
132MIC42tm7vfigs-you0Come

This is plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

133MIC42hju4figs-metaphor0He will teach us his ways, and we will walk in his paths
134MIC42wix6figs-metaphor0from Zion the law will go out, and the word of Yahweh from Jerusalem
135MIC42uuk9figs-ellipsis0and the word of Yahweh from Jerusalem
136MIC43b5yy0plowshares

a blade that people use to dig into soil so they can plant seeds

137MIC43l4ud0pruning hooks

a metal tool that people use to cut off branches or stems from plants

138MIC43vin50will not lift up sword

will not threaten to start a war

139MIC44sv2r0General Information:
140MIC44h22jfigs-explicit0they will sit every person under his vine and under his fig tree
141MIC44j4rcfigs-synecdoche0for the mouth of Yahweh of hosts has spoken
142MIC45iek8figs-metaphor0the peoples walk ... in the name of their god ... we will walk in the name of Yahweh
143MIC46c9uufigs-synecdoche0the lame

This refers to those who cannot walk well. Being lame is a synecdoche for having any form of disability. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

144MIC46ri250gather the outcast

gather those whom I drove out of Jerusalem

145MIC47b2hefigs-activepassive0the ones driven away into a strong nation
146MIC48c64gfigs-apostrophe0As for you, watchtower for the flock, hill of the daughter of Zion—to you it will come, your former dominion
147MIC48y9gnfigs-metaphor0watchtower for the flock

The people of Jerusalem protecting the other people in surrounding areas is spoken of as if they were a shepherd in a watchtower watching over his flock. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

148MIC48p2djfigs-metaphor0daughter of Zion ... daughter of Jerusalem
149MIC48tc2d0hill
150MIC48ccs1figs-abstractnouns0to you it will come, your former dominion
151MIC49g6pxfigs-rquestion0Now, why do you shout so loudly?
152MIC49b1zkfigs-rquestion0Is there no king among you? Has your counselor died? Is this why pain grips you like that of a woman in labor?
153MIC410qn9lfigs-simile0Be in pain ... like a woman in labor

Micah compares the suffering the people will experience when enemies force them away from their cities to the pain a woman experiences when giving birth to a baby. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

154MIC410rci7figs-activepassive0There you will be rescued. There Yahweh will rescue you
155MIC410nv5cfigs-metonymy0the hand of your enemies
156MIC411b5e10General Information:

Jerusalem will defeat her enemies.

157MIC411xj2lfigs-activepassive0Let her be defiled
158MIC411l329figs-synecdoche0let our eyes gloat over Zion
159MIC412j472figs-simile0for he has gathered them like bundles of grain prepared for the threshing floor

The writer speaks of Yahweh being ready to destroy the nations as if Yahweh were a farmer who has put his bundles of grain on his threshing floor and is now ready to thresh them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

160MIC413bj1p0General Information:

Yahweh presents the imagery of the threshing floor (Micah 4:12).

161MIC413mm6hfigs-you0Arise and thresh, daughter of Zion ... your horn ... your hooves ... You will crush
162MIC413m3ukfigs-metaphor0Arise and thresh, daughter of Zion, for I will make your horn to be iron, and I will make your hooves to be bronze

Yahweh speaks of the people of Zion as if they were strong oxen about to thresh wheat and their enemies were the wheat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-unknown]])

163MIC413tq8xfigs-metaphor0I will make your horn to be iron, and I will make your hooves to be bronze
164MIC413igd20their unjust wealth
165MIC413c3rtfigs-abstractnouns0their wealth
166MIC5introy1t70
167MIC51f536figs-metaphor0daughter of soldiers
168MIC51yp7tfigs-metonymy0With a rod they strike the judge of Israel on the cheek
169MIC51hz1yfigs-irony0the judge of Israel

This irony describes the king as having lost so much of his power and authority that he is really only a judge. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])

170MIC52e2u4figs-apostrophe0But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah

Yahweh speaks to the people of Judah, and especially to the people of Bethlehem, as if he were speaking to the town of Bethlehem itself. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-apostrophe]])

171MIC52kc5ptranslate-names0Ephrathah
172MIC52q7k40even though you are small among the clans of Judah, out of you one will come

even though other clans in Judah have more people in them, it is one of your people who will come

173MIC52ha3j0will come to me
174MIC52rws4figs-doublet0whose beginning is from ancient times, from everlasting
175MIC53zg3h0Therefore
176MIC53xd410will give them up

will abandon the people of Israel

177MIC53nu1x0until the time when she who is in labor bears a child

This refers to the time when the ruler is born, a limited time.

178MIC53du1l0the rest of his brothers
179MIC54w1e90General Information:

These verses continue describing the ruler from Bethlehem.

180MIC54miw4figs-metaphor0He will stand and shepherd his flock in the strength of Yahweh
181MIC54apx2figs-metonymy0in the majesty of the name of Yahweh his God
182MIC54kkz10They will remain

the people of Israel will remain

183MIC54yry50remain

live in safety

184MIC54jkd70he will be great to the ends of the earth

All people from every nation will give honor to Israel's ruler.

185MIC55m8sdfigs-metaphor0seven shepherds and eight leaders over men
186MIC56t2fhfigs-metaphor0They will shepherd the land of Assyria with the sword, and the land of Nimrod in its entrances
187MIC56upk5figs-ellipsis0and the land of Nimrod
188MIC56p1yatranslate-names0land of Nimrod
189MIC56cj7q0He will rescue

The ruler will rescue

190MIC57rd4sfigs-simile0like dew from Yahweh, like showers on the grass

Dew and rain showers refresh the land and cause things to grow. The Israelites will cause the people among whom they live to live will. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

191MIC57qz8i0grass, that do not wait for a man, and they do not wait for the children
192MIC58ty4b0General Information:

Yahweh promises that the Israelites who are alive after Yahweh has punished his people with war will completely defeat and rule over their enemies.

193MIC58pc960remnant of Jacob

descendants of Jacob who survive the war

194MIC58bv7afigs-doublet0among the nations, among many peoples
195MIC58rch5figs-simile0like a lion among the animals of the forest, like a young lion among the flocks of sheep
196MIC58fsg40When he goes through them

when the young lion goes through the flocks of sheep

197MIC58l3ju0will trample over them and tear

will jump on them so they fall down, and then he will tear

198MIC59qjw5figs-you0Your hand ... your enemies
199MIC59g937figs-metonymy0Your hand will be lifted against your enemies
200MIC59a5bhfigs-synecdoche0it will destroy them
201MIC510yvv1figs-explicit0I will destroy your horses from among you and will demolish your chariots

The people of Israel used horses and chariots only in battle, and they may have traded for them with the godless nations around them. God did not want the people to trust in their weapons of war to protect them more than they trusted in him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

202MIC510t7ygfigs-you0your horses ... among you ... your chariots

Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

203MIC511p7xvfigs-you0your land ... your strongholds

Yahweh is speaking to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

204MIC512j7fb0General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.

205MIC512w5rnfigs-metonymy0the witchcraft in your hand
206MIC512b4vffigs-you0your hand ... you will

Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

207MIC513udr6figs-you0your carved ... your stone ... among you. You will ... your hands

Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

208MIC513s47cfigs-abstractnouns0the workmanship of your hands
209MIC514dd8mfigs-you0your Asherah ... among you ... your cities

Yahweh continues to speak to the people of Israel as if they were one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

210MIC514p6dffigs-metaphor0will uproot your Asherah poles
211MIC6introk2350

Micah 06 General Notes

Structure and formatting

This chapter is written as a court case or lawsuit by Yahweh against His people. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])

Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter

Names in Lawsuit

Moses, Aaron and Miriam are mentioned as witnesses for Yahweh and against Israel. Ahab and Omri are mentioned as kings who were evil and did not follow Yahweh. Obedience to the law of Moses is contrasted with disobedience to the law. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/testimony]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lawofmoses]])

212MIC61wer4figs-apostrophe0Now listen
213MIC61sz7cfigs-you0Arise ... state
214MIC61zxw4figs-personification0Arise and state your case before the mountains; let the hills hear your voice

Yahweh speaks as if he is in court and the mountains and hills are the judges. He commands the people of Israel to tell the judges why they have done what they did. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

215MIC62vyc6figs-apostrophe0Listen to Yahweh's lawsuit
216MIC62pbw6figs-personification0you mountains ... you enduring foundations of the earth

Micah is speaking to these things as if they are humans. Micah is using the mountains, hills, and foundations of the earth as an eternal witness against his people's idolatry. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])

217MIC63if480General Information:

This continues Yahweh's lawsuit against the people of Israel (Micah 6:1-2).

218MIC63smg8figs-rquestion0My people, what have I done to you? How have I wearied you? Testify against me!
219MIC63h6ecfigs-you0to you ... wearied you? Testify
220MIC64y7refigs-you0brought you ... rescued you ... Miriam to you
221MIC64s8wtfigs-metaphor0house of bondage
222MIC65q1ewfigs-you0remember ... you went ... you may know
223MIC65ddx50what Balak ... devised
224MIC65mpf3translate-names0Beor

This is the name of Balaam's father. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

225MIC65rmf60Shittim

This is the name of a place in Moab.

226MIC65w4n8figs-123person0so you may know the righteous acts of Yahweh
227MIC66n2hifigs-rquestion0What should I bring to Yahweh ... God? Should I come ... old?
228MIC67yc7ffigs-rquestion0Will Yahweh be pleased ... oil? Should I give ... sin?
229MIC67mxx1figs-rquestion0thousands of rams ... ten thousand rivers of oil
230MIC68y8pq0He has told you

Yahweh has told you

231MIC68xd8t0good, and what Yahweh requires from you: Act ... God
232MIC68qii1figs-abstractnouns0love kindness
233MIC69jf56figs-metonymy0even now wisdom acknowledges your name
234MIC69mll1figs-metaphor0Pay attention to the rod, and to the one who has put it in place
235MIC610va73figs-metonymy0There is wealth in the houses of the wicked that is dishonest
236MIC610s6dk0false measures

incorrect weights that people use with scales to increase their wealth by deceiving those with whom they trade

237MIC611j82afigs-rquestion0Should I consider a person to be innocent ... weights?
238MIC611h4pk0deceptive weights

weights with which sellers deceive buyers

239MIC612ig8kfigs-metaphor0The rich men are full of violence
240MIC612j5fxfigs-synecdoche0their tongue in their mouth is deceitful
241MIC613c1scfigs-metaphor0I will strike you with a terrible blow
242MIC614f2m4figs-metaphor0your emptiness will remain inside you
243MIC616i4a30General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking to the people of Israel.

244MIC616ke6tfigs-activepassive0The regulations made by Omri have been kept, and all the deeds of the house of Ahab
245MIC616tc63translate-names0Omri ... Ahab

Both of these men were kings over the northern kingdom of Israel. God considered both of them to be very wicked. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

246MIC616n2j50house of Ahab
247MIC616em7hfigs-metaphor0You walk by their advice
248MIC616s6wyfigs-apostrophe0I will make you, city, a ruin, and you inhabitants an object of hissing
249MIC616q68q0you will bear the reproach of my people

you will suffer because my people will reproach you

250MIC7introkf610

Micah 07 General Notes

Special concepts in this chapter

Last days

This chapter looks forward to the hope of the coming savior for the faithful remnant. This is the future restoration of Israel when true peace will come. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/savior]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faithful]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/remnant]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/restore]])

Prophet

The prophet was able to speak to God on behalf of the people. Often in this chapter, the prophet speaks in Israel's place and offers repentance to Yahweh. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/repent]])

251MIC71wf5yfigs-metaphor0I have become like the gathering of summer fruit, and like the grapes that have been gleaned
252MIC71jz29figs-metaphor0no grape cluster ... no ripe early fig

Micah speaks of faithful, upright people as if they were fruit that is good to eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

253MIC72x5ssfigs-hyperbole0The faithful ones have disappeared ... land; there is no upright person ... They all lie in wait ... blood; each one hunts
254MIC72qea8figs-metaphor0to shed blood
255MIC73ew8e0General Information:

Micah continues speaking about the people of Israel.

256MIC73m27ffigs-synecdoche0Their hands are very good
257MIC74nz3ffigs-simile0The best of them is like a brier, the most upright is worse than a thorn hedge

Briers and thorns are good for nothing and harm those who touch them. The Israelite rulers and judges did nothing good and harmed people. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

258MIC74kin30the most upright

those of them who try hardest to do what is good

259MIC74qfc3figs-activepassive0It is the day foretold by your watchmen, the day of your punishment
260MIC74i385figs-abstractnouns0Now is the time of their confusion
261MIC75h2bv0General Information:

Micah continues speaking to the people of Israel.

262MIC75cvb40Do not trust any neighbor

Micah continues to show that there is no longer anyone good, honest, and loyal to God among God's people. Here he emphasizes that they cannot even trust friends or family.

263MIC76y6bb0people of his own house

Micah continues to show that there is no longer anyone good, honest, and loyal to God among God's people. Here he emphasizes that they cannot even trust friends or family.

264MIC76by7ffigs-ellipsis0a daughter-in-law against her mother-in-law
265MIC76z99gfigs-metonymy0his own house
266MIC77pvd9figs-metaphor0General Information:
267MIC77z1eq0But as for me
268MIC77p8kjfigs-abstractnouns0I will wait for the God of my salvation
269MIC77wd6xfigs-metonymy0will hear me
270MIC78yb44figs-metaphor0fall ... rise

These words are metaphors for suffering from disaster and then recovering. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

271MIC78ln69figs-metaphor0sit in darkness

These words are a metaphor for suffering from disaster. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

272MIC79le5tfigs-metaphor0General Information:
273MIC79d2c6figs-metaphor0I will bear his rage
274MIC79v4zl0until he pleads my cause, and executes judgment for me

Yahweh will punish the people of the other nations who harmed the people of Israel.

275MIC79sr4xfigs-metaphor0he pleads my cause
276MIC79sc180executes judgment for me

brings about justice for me

277MIC79p8ytfigs-metaphor0He will bring me to the light

Bringing Micah from darkness (Micah 7:8) to light is a metaphor for ending the suffering from disaster and enabling him to live well. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

278MIC79t4wh0rescue me in his justice

bring justice to me and rescue me

279MIC710i9mqfigs-metaphor0General Information:
280MIC710wv5q0my enemy ... the one who said ... your God ... My eyes
281MIC710ize3figs-rquestion0Where is Yahweh your God?
282MIC710fx2cfigs-synecdoche0My eyes
283MIC710d12hfigs-activepassive0she will be trampled down
284MIC710j5qhfigs-simile0like the mud in the streets

People who walk on mud without thinking they are doing anything bad are compared with those who will destroy Israel's enemies without thinking they are doing anything evil. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

285MIC711x4rgfigs-you0General Information:

Micah speaks to the people of Israel as if he were speaking to one man. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-you]])

286MIC711y6xz0A day to build your walls will come
287MIC711ue5mfigs-activepassive0the boundaries will be extended very far
288MIC712hs2ufigs-explicit0the River
289MIC712bd5tfigs-explicit0from sea to sea
290MIC712y16yfigs-idiom0from mountain to mountain
291MIC713av6g0the land will be desolate
292MIC713n1e8figs-metaphor0because of the fruit of their actions
293MIC714jsh4figs-metaphor0Shepherd your people with your rod, the flock of your inheritance
294MIC714cu5wfigs-metaphor0They live alone in a thicket, in the midst of a pastureland

Micah speaks of his people as if they were wild animals hiding in bushes instead of livestock grazing in fields with much grass to eat. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

295MIC714l8a30a thicket

a place where many small woody plants grow

296MIC714brz20Bashan and Gilead

These regions are known as rich land for growing food.

297MIC714whi8figs-explicit0as in the old days

Bashan and Gilead had been part of Israel long ago, when David was king. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

298MIC715e3z50As in the days ... them wonders

Yahweh speaks to the people.

299MIC716mhq2figs-metaphor0The nations
300MIC716mzy2translate-symaction0They will put their hands on their mouths

They do this to show that they are ashamed of what they have done. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

301MIC716n9vhfigs-idiom0their ears will be deaf

This is an idiom. Nothing anyone says will have any effect on them. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

302MIC717e21sfigs-hyperbole0They will lick the dust like a snake

Snakes slither on the ground where dust gets on them, and here the people are being compared to snakes, though it is probably an exaggeration that they will lick the dust. Possible meanings are that these people 1) will literally lie on the ground in shame or 2) will be so ashamed and humbled that it will be as if they were lying on the ground. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hyperbole]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])

303MIC717zg31figs-metaphor0their dens
304MIC718g3i6figs-rquestion0Who is a God like you—who takes ... inheritance?
305MIC718kr7v0the remnant of his inheritance

those of his chosen people who have survived his punishment

306MIC718a8d2figs-123person0you ... of the remnant of his inheritance? He does not keep his anger forever, because he delights in his covenant faithfulness.
307MIC718f1lpfigs-abstractnouns0he delights in his covenant faithfulness
308MIC718ups50passes over

ignores

309MIC718mcd30does not keep his anger

does not stay angry

310MIC719i7z3figs-you0You will
311MIC719i1u2figs-exclusive0on us
312MIC719rqi9figs-metaphor0you will trample our iniquities under your feet. You will throw all our sins into the depths of the sea
313MIC720q32mfigs-metonymy0You will give truth to Jacob and covenant faithfulness to Abraham