en_tn/en_tn_08-RUT.tsv at v13

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1	Book	Chapter	Verse	ID	SupportReference	GLQuote	OccurrenceNote
2	RUT	front	intro	f68r
3	RUT	1	intro	irf4
4	RUT	1	1	sb2j		It happened
5	RUT	1	1	m9nl		in the days when the judges ruled	during the time when judges led and governed Israel
6	RUT	1	1	nm13	figs-explicit	in the land
7	RUT	1	1	mmb4		a certain man
8	RUT	1	2	e53a		Ephrathites of Bethlehem of Judah	They were people from the tribe of Ephraim who settled at Bethlehem in the region of Judea.
9	RUT	1	3	rxb1		she was left with her two sons	Naomi had only her two sons with her
10	RUT	1	4	pk7g	figs-idiom	took wives
11	RUT	1	4	k7y9		from the women of Moab	Naomi's sons married women who were from the tribe of Moab. The Moabites worshiped other gods.
12	RUT	1	4	aee6		the name of one ... the name of the other	the name of one woman ... the name of the other woman
13	RUT	1	4	rt4c		ten years	Ten years after Elimelek and Naomi came to the country of Moab, their sons Mahlon and Kilion died.
14	RUT	1	5	dbr3		leaving Naomi	Naomi was widowed.
15	RUT	1	6	sa4z	figs-explicit	she had heard in the region of Moab
16	RUT	1	6	ser2		Yahweh	This is the name of God that he revealed to his people in the Old Testament. See the translationWord page about Yahweh concerning how to translate this.
17	RUT	1	6	v86z		had helped his people in need	God saw their need and provided good harvests for them.
18	RUT	1	6	u9q2		daughters-in-law	the women who married Naomi's sons
19	RUT	1	7	w7ti	figs-idiom	they walked down the road
20	RUT	1	8	fu39		daughters-in-law
21	RUT	1	8	lxs2	figs-you	each of you
22	RUT	1	8	hsf7		your mother's house	to the home of each of your mothers
23	RUT	1	8	hh5j		shown kindness	demonstrated that you are loyal
24	RUT	1	8	i262		kindness
25	RUT	1	8	g4r8	figs-idiom	toward the dead
26	RUT	1	9	pm6y		grant you
27	RUT	1	9	c74v		you find rest
28	RUT	1	9	v2vx	figs-metonymy	in the house of another husband	with their new husbands, not someone else's husband. This refers to both a physical house that belongs to the husband, and to the protection from shame by being married. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
29	RUT	1	9	t69w	figs-idiom	they raised their voices and cried	To raise the voice is an idiom for speaking loudly. The daughters cried out loud or wept bitterly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
30	RUT	1	10	mag8	figs-exclusive	We will return
31	RUT	1	10	bq4j	figs-you	with you
32	RUT	1	11	ggi3	figs-rquestion	Why will you go with me?
33	RUT	1	11	q2hn	figs-rquestion	Do I still have sons in my womb for you, so that they may become your husbands?
34	RUT	1	12	dyc4	figs-explicit	too old to have a husband
35	RUT	1	12	kh9g		give birth to sons
36	RUT	1	13	gmc2	figs-rquestion	would you therefore wait until they were grown? Would you choose not to marry a husband?
37	RUT	1	13	gh99	figs-metaphor	It is exceedingly bitter to me
38	RUT	1	13	z9u3	figs-metonymy	the hand of Yahweh has gone out against me
39	RUT	1	14	n47v	figs-idiom	lifted up their voices and cried	This means that they cried out loud or wept bitterly. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
40	RUT	1	14	t4sl	figs-explicit	Ruth held on to her
41	RUT	1	15	ld6g		Listen, your sister-in-law	Pay attention, because what I am about to say is both true and important, your sister-in-law
42	RUT	1	15	nqm3		your sister-in-law
43	RUT	1	15	man4		her gods	Before Orpah and Ruth married Naomi's sons, they worshiped the gods of Moab. During their marriage, they began to worship Naomi's God.
44	RUT	1	16	z5ug		where you stay	where you live
45	RUT	1	16	b518	figs-explicit	your people will be my people
46	RUT	1	17	lql7	figs-idiom	Where you die, I will die	This refers to Ruth's desire to spend the rest of her life living in the same place and town as Naomi. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
47	RUT	1	17	sje3	figs-idiom	May Yahweh punish me, and even more, if
48	RUT	1	18	rsq2		she stopped arguing with her	Naomi stopped arguing with Ruth
49	RUT	1	19	j9wa	writing-newevent	It happened
50	RUT	1	19	y3us	figs-metonymy	the entire town
51	RUT	1	19	xnb3		Is this Naomi?	Since it has been many years since Naomi lived in Bethlehem and no longer has her husband and two sons, it is likely the women were expressing doubt as to if this woman was actually Naomi. Treat as a real question, not rhetorical.
52	RUT	1	20	stw5		Do not call me Naomi
53	RUT	1	20	swe9	translate-names	Bitter
54	RUT	1	21	n9zc		I went out full, but Yahweh has brought me home again empty	When Naomi left Bethlehem, her husband and two sons were living, and she was happy. Naomi blames Yahweh for the death of her husband and sons, saying that he has caused her to return to Bethlehem without them, and now she is bitter and unhappy.
55	RUT	1	21	jqx5		condemned me	judged me guilty
56	RUT	1	21	t1p8		has afflicted me
57	RUT	1	22	cx7g	writing-endofstory	So Naomi and Ruth
58	RUT	1	22	bgy3	figs-abstractnouns	at the beginning of the barley harvest
59	RUT	2	intro	ld2v
60	RUT	2	1	t2sn	writing-background	Now Naomi had a relative of her husband	This phrase introduces new information before the story continues. Your language may have a way to introduce new information. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
61	RUT	2	1	b4q7		a worthy man
62	RUT	2	2	am6a		Ruth, the Moabite woman	Here the story resumes. You need to see how your language restarts a story after a break.
63	RUT	2	2	c7rk		the Moabite woman	This is another way of saying the woman was from the country or tribe of Moab.
64	RUT	2	2	qt4q		glean what remains among the ears of grain
65	RUT	2	2	yn9b		the ears
66	RUT	2	2	j59b	figs-idiom	in whose eyes I will find favor
67	RUT	2	2	ed93		daughter	Ruth was caring for Naomi as if she were her own mother. Make sure it is possible in your language to use this word for someone who is not an actual daughter.
68	RUT	2	3	ht73		She happened to come	Ruth was not aware that the field she picked to glean in belonged to Naomi's relative Boaz.
69	RUT	2	4	vys2		Behold, Boaz
70	RUT	2	4	q1lv		came from Bethlehem	The fields were an unspecified distance outside of Bethlehem.
71	RUT	2	4	r4bl		bless you
72	RUT	2	5	a5ht		What man does this young woman belong to?	Possible meanings are 1) Boaz was asking about Ruth's husband or 2) Boaz was asking about Ruth's parents or current guardians.
73	RUT	2	5	sdf9		was supervising
74	RUT	2	7	kj7a		the house
75	RUT	2	8	ltk3	figs-rquestion	Are you listening to me, my daughter
76	RUT	2	8	ke9b	figs-idiom	my daughter	This was a kind way of addressing a younger woman. Ruth was not the actual daughter of Boaz, so make sure the translation of this does not make it sound like she was. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
77	RUT	2	9	jq6n	figs-metonymy	Keep your eyes only on the field
78	RUT	2	9	xc6u	figs-rquestion	Have I not instructed the men ... you?
79	RUT	2	9	ub62		men ... the other women
80	RUT	2	9	v5e4		not to touch you	Possible meanings are 1) the men were not to harm Ruth or 2) the men were not to stop her from gleaning in his field.
81	RUT	2	9	ahr7		the water that the men have drawn	To draw water means to pull up water from a well or to take it out of a storage vessel.
82	RUT	2	10	az6y		she bowed down before Boaz, touching her face to the ground	These are acts of respect and reverence. She was showing honor to Boaz out of gratefulness for what he had done for her. It was also a posture of humility. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction])
83	RUT	2	10	ug7p		Why have I found such favor ... a foreigner?	Ruth is asking a real question.
84	RUT	2	10	x6f8		foreigner
85	RUT	2	11	app6	figs-activepassive	It has been reported to me
86	RUT	2	11	r44n	figs-metonymy	to come to a people	Boaz is referring to Ruth coming to dwell with Naomi in a village and community, a country, and religion she did not know. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
87	RUT	2	12	x5ct		reward you
88	RUT	2	12	s2vm		for your deed	This is an act of faith, choosing to live with Naomi in Bethlehem and trusting Naomi's God.
89	RUT	2	12	gnn5	figs-parallelism	May you receive full payment from Yahweh
90	RUT	2	12	eh86	figs-metaphor	under whose wings you have found refuge
91	RUT	2	13	v2q1	figs-idiom	Let me find favor in your eyes
92	RUT	2	13	zc5n		I am not one of your female servants	Possible meanings are 1) Ruth was not one of Boaz's female servants or 2) Ruth did not think her marriage to Naomi's son granted her any privilege in Bethlehem.
93	RUT	2	14	yht2		At mealtime	This refers to the noontime meal.
94	RUT	2	14	p256		dip your morsel in the wine vinegar	This was a simple meal eaten in the field. People would sit on the ground around a cloth that had a bowl of wine vinegar on it and plates of broken bread. They would dip their bread in the vinegar bowl to wet it and add flavor before they ate it.
95	RUT	2	14	xr6s		wine vinegar	a sauce that bread was dipped in. The Israelites further fermented some of their wine to make vinegar.
96	RUT	2	15	v6wr		As she got up to gather up grain, Boaz commanded his young men
97	RUT	2	15	rct9		As she got up	As she stood up
98	RUT	2	15	a5z9		even among the bundles
99	RUT	2	16	u6hv		pull out for her some ears of grain from the bundles
100	RUT	2	16	nn9l		do not rebuke her
101	RUT	2	17	h3ap		beat out	She separated the edible part of the grain from the hull and stalk, which is thrown away.
102	RUT	2	17	rdx2	figs-idiom	ears of grain	This refers to the eatable part of the grain. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
103	RUT	2	17	mq6b	translate-bvolume	about an ephah of barley
104	RUT	2	18	etn8	figs-explicit	She lifted it up and went into the city	It is implied that Ruth carried the grain home. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
105	RUT	2	18	r6sz		her mother-in-law saw	Naomi saw
106	RUT	2	19	bg28	figs-parallelism	Where have you gleaned today? Where did you go to work?	Naomi said almost the same thing in two different ways to show that she was very interested in knowing what had happened to Ruth that day. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
107	RUT	2	20	p8km		he be blessed by Yahweh	Naomi is asking God to reward Boaz for his kindness to Ruth and herself.
108	RUT	2	20	ur7z	figs-doublenegatives	who has not left off his loyalty
109	RUT	2	20	ljz3		to the living
110	RUT	2	20	wjr4	figs-nominaladj	the dead
111	RUT	2	20	cyy2	figs-parallelism	near of kin to us, one of our kinsman-redeemers	The second phrase repeats and expands the first. This is a Hebrew style of emphasis. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]])
112	RUT	2	20	zu5f		kinsman-redeemers	A kinsman-redeemer was a close male relative who could rescue a childless widow from financial ruin by marrying her and having a child with her. He would also reacquire the land his relatives had lost due to poverty and redeem family members who had sold themselves into slavery.
113	RUT	2	21	k2lz		Indeed, he said to me
114	RUT	2	21	g585		keep close to my young men	Boaz was referring to the physical protection his men can provide her.
115	RUT	2	22	f2tw		go out with	work with
116	RUT	2	22	bcc4		come to harm	Possible meanings are 1) other workers might abuse Ruth or try to seize her and sleep with her or 2) in another field, the owner might interfere or stop her from gleaning until the end of the harvest.
117	RUT	2	23	e2vq		she stayed close	Ruth worked in Boaz's fields with his workers during the day, so she would be safe.
118	RUT	2	23	a7qp		She lived with her mother-in-law	Ruth went to Naomi's home to sleep at night.
119	RUT	3	intro	t4y5
120	RUT	3	1	r7ar		mother-in-law	Naomi is the mother of Ruth's dead husband.
121	RUT	3	1	f1uc		My daughter	Ruth became Naomi's daughter by marrying her son and further by her actions in caring for Naomi after returning to Bethlehem.
122	RUT	3	1	nxr8	figs-rquestion	should I not seek a place for you to rest ... for you?
123	RUT	3	1	uw2p	figs-metaphor	a place for you to rest	Possible meanings are 1) literally in finding a house for her to live in or 2) figuratively in finding a husband to care for her. Naomi probably had both senses in mind. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
124	RUT	3	2	j31t	figs-explicit	female workers you have been with
125	RUT	3	2	b4h8	figs-rquestion	is he not our kinsman?
126	RUT	3	2	nd8v		Look	This term indicates that the following statement is very important.
127	RUT	3	2	ms25		winnowing	To winnow means to separate grain from the unwanted chaff by tossing both the grain and chaff into the air, allowing the wind to blow the chaff away.
128	RUT	3	3	ru6z		anoint yourself	This is probably a reference to rubbing sweet-smelling oil on oneself, much as women put on perfume today.
129	RUT	3	3	e92h	figs-idiom	go down to the threshing floor	This refers to leaving the city and heading to the threshing area. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
130	RUT	3	4	ln1m	translate-symaction	uncover his feet	This means to remove the cloak or blanket covering his feet so that they would be exposed to the cold. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-symaction]])
131	RUT	3	4	l4we		lie down there	lie down at his feet
132	RUT	3	4	w1u5		Then he will tell you what to do	The specific custom of that time is unclear, but this is usually understood as a culturally acceptable way for a woman to tell a man that she was willing to marry him. Boaz would understand the custom and accept or reject her offer.
133	RUT	3	4	nn4g		Then he will	When he wakes up, he will
134	RUT	3	7	fz7e	figs-synecdoche	his heart was merry
135	RUT	3	7	y6gk		she came softly
136	RUT	3	7	eq2u		uncovered his feet	removed his blanket from his feet
137	RUT	3	7	pb6l		lay down	lay down at his feet
138	RUT	3	8	pz92		It came about	This phrase is used here to mark an important event in the story. If your language has a way for doing this, you could consider using it here.
139	RUT	3	8	qsm2		at midnight	in the middle of the night
140	RUT	3	8	xun6		was startled	It is not clear what startled Boaz. Perhaps he suddenly felt the cold air on his feet.
141	RUT	3	8	c23j	figs-idiom	He turned over	He looked to see what startled him. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
142	RUT	3	8	e7ui		a woman was lying at his feet	The woman was Ruth, but Boaz could not recognize her in the darkness.
143	RUT	3	9	wj9e		your female servant	Ruth spoke with humility to Boaz.
144	RUT	3	9	xp1b	figs-idiom	Spread your cloak over your female servant
145	RUT	3	9	l5g4		near kinsman	a close relative with special responsibilities toward their extended family
146	RUT	3	10	bjw9		more kindness in the latter end than at the beginning	even more kindness now than before
147	RUT	3	10	e7ka		more kindness in the latter end	This refers to Ruth asking Boaz to marry her. By marrying Naomi's relative, Ruth would provide for Naomi and demonstrate great kindness to Naomi.
148	RUT	3	10	cbd3		at the beginning	This refers to the way Ruth had earlier provided for her mother-in-law by staying with her and gleaning grain for food for them.
149	RUT	3	10	n84d	figs-idiom	because you have not gone after
150	RUT	3	11	ei93		my daughter	Boaz used this expression as a sign of respect toward Ruth as a younger woman.
151	RUT	3	12	fvq5		kinsman nearer than I	It was the duty of the closest male relative to help the widow.
152	RUT	3	13	gcl8	figs-explicit	if he will perform for you the duty of a kinsman	Boaz is referring to the expectation that the closest male relative of Ruth's dead husband would marry her and help carry on his family name. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])
153	RUT	3	13	tkz9		by the life of Yahweh
154	RUT	3	14	vn8p		she lay at his feet	Ruth slept at Boaz' feet. They did not have sex.
155	RUT	3	14	dwx1		before anyone could recognize another person
156	RUT	3	15	hj1e		shawl	a piece of cloth worn over the shoulders
157	RUT	3	15	f5zg		six large measures of barley	The actual amount is not stated. It was enough to be considered generous, yet small enough for Ruth to carry alone. Some think it was about 30 kilograms.
158	RUT	3	15	gdn8		put the load on her	The amount of grain was so great that Ruth needed help picking it up to carry it.
159	RUT	3	15	aj7u		Then he went into the city
160	RUT	3	16	s7dr	figs-explicit	How did you do, my daughter?
161	RUT	3	16	w9p9		all that the man had done	all that Boaz had done
162	RUT	3	17	e9xx		Do not go empty
163	RUT	3	18	u5rn		finished this thing	This refers to the decision about who will buy Naomi's property and marry Ruth.
164	RUT	4	intro	pz6m
165	RUT	4	1	m4by		the gate
166	RUT	4	1	kz1g		the near kinsman	This was the closest living relative to Elimelek.
167	RUT	4	2	bf74		elders of the city	leaders of the city
168	RUT	4	3	es9g		Naomi ... is selling the parcel of land	It was the responsibility of the kinsman to buy back his relative's land and to care for his family. In this case, it meant the man must buy Naomi's land, marry Ruth, and care for Naomi.
169	RUT	4	4	c6xi		in the presence of	This would make the transaction legal and binding.
170	RUT	4	4	lgq1		redeem it	This meant to buy the land to keep it within their family.
171	RUT	4	4	u548		I am after you	Boaz was the next kinsman in line to redeem the land.
172	RUT	4	5	ut23		On the day that you buy ... you must also	Boaz uses this expression to inform his relative of the additional responsibility he will have if he buys the land.
173	RUT	4	5	ymn8	figs-synecdoche	from the hand of Naomi
174	RUT	4	5	dya3	figs-idiom	you must also take Ruth
175	RUT	4	5	b3ps		Ruth ... the widow of a dead man	Ruth ... the widow of Elimelek's son
176	RUT	4	5	b3sy		to raise up the name of the dead	that she may have a son to inherit the property and carry on the name of her dead husband
177	RUT	4	6	sx9k		damaging my own inheritance	He would have to give some of his own wealth to the children that Ruth might bear.
178	RUT	4	6	sa7h		You take my right of redemption for yourself
179	RUT	4	7	wga9	writing-background	Now this was the custom	The writer of the book explains of the custom of exchange during the time of Ruth. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])
180	RUT	4	7	lgf5	writing-background	in former times
181	RUT	4	7	xdr7		his shoe	his sandal
182	RUT	4	7	d46w		his neighbor	This refers to the person with whom he was making the agreement. In this situation the near kinsman gave Boaz his shoe.
183	RUT	4	9	zz42		to the elders and to all the people	This refers to all the people who were present at the meeting place, not to everyone in the town.
184	RUT	4	9	img5		all that was Elimelek's and all that was Kilion's and Mahlon's	This refers to all the land and possessions of Naomi's dead husband and sons.
185	RUT	4	9	lwx9	figs-synecdoche	from the hand of Naomi
186	RUT	4	10	nm32		in order that I might raise up the name of the dead man on his inheritance
187	RUT	4	10	gg1m	figs-metaphor	so that his name will not be cut off from among his brothers and from the gate of his place
188	RUT	4	10	xpu5		the gate of his place	The gate of the town is where important legal decisions were made, such as decisions about who owns a piece of land.
189	RUT	4	11	ua2a		people who were in the gate	people who were meeting together near the gate
190	RUT	4	11	hg6q	figs-metaphor	come into your house	This has literal and figurative meaning. As Ruth marries Boaz, she will move into his house. House can also refer to becoming part of Boaz's family by being his wife. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
191	RUT	4	11	q47m		like Rachel and Leah	These were the two wives of Jacob, whose name was changed to Israel.
192	RUT	4	11	cz4t		built up the house of Israel	bore many children who became the nation of Israel
193	RUT	4	11	uk9q		may you prosper in Ephrathah	Ephrathah is the name of the clan to which Boaz belonged in Bethlehem.
194	RUT	4	12	fn52	figs-metaphor	May your house be like	God abundantly blessed Judah through his son Perez. The people were asking God to bless Boaz in a similar way through Ruth's children. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
195	RUT	4	12	a433		Tamar bore to Judah	Tamar was also a widow. Judah fathered a son with her, which continued the family name.
196	RUT	4	12	xym8		through the offspring that Yahweh will give you	Yahweh would give Boaz children through Ruth.
197	RUT	4	13	u21g		Boaz took Ruth
198	RUT	4	13	gw77	figs-euphemism	He went in to her
199	RUT	4	14	qj8v	figs-doublenegatives	who has not left you today without a near kinsman
200	RUT	4	14	p8p3		May his name be famous	This refers to the reputation and character of Naomi's grandson.
201	RUT	4	15	hz3e		a restorer of life
202	RUT	4	15	z5lw		a nourisher of your old age	he will take care of you when you become old
203	RUT	4	15	rpc3	figs-idiom	better to you than seven sons
204	RUT	4	16	k1w4		Naomi took the child	This refers to Naomi holding the child. Make sure it does not sound like she took him away from Ruth.
205	RUT	4	16	jn29		laid him in her bosom
206	RUT	4	17	fkf2		A son has been born to Naomi
207	RUT	4	17	f9ha	figs-explicit	father of David
208	RUT	4	18	mzm1		the descendants of Perez
209	RUT	4	19	rl3k	translate-names	Hezron ... Ram	(See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

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