unfoldingWord
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en_tn v33
Catalog v33
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Fixing malformed ATs.

tags/v10
Henry Whitney 3 years ago
parent
f50891e3f5
commit
4e86ee6bea
357 changed files with 411 additions and 410 deletions
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# are you not living according to the flesh, and are you not walking by human standards?

Paul is rebuking the Corinthians for their sinful behavior. "Walking" here is an idiom for "living." AT: "you should be ashamed because you are behaving according to your sinful desires and you are living by human standards!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
Paul is rebuking the Corinthians for their sinful behavior. "Walking" here is an idiom for "living." AT: "you should be ashamed because you are behaving according to your sinful desires and you are living by human standards!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

# are you not living as human beings?



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# of the heart

"Heart" here is a metonym for "thoughts and intentions." AT: "people's thoughts and intentions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]).
"Heart" here is a metonym for "thoughts and intentions." AT: "people's thoughts and intentions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

# translationWords



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# If then, you will judge the world, are you not able to settle matters of little importance?

Because they will be given greater responsibility later, they should be responsible for lesser things now. AT: "you will judge the world in the future, so you should be able to settle this matter now." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]).
Because they will be given greater responsibility later, they should be responsible for lesser things now. AT: "you will judge the world in the future, so you should be able to settle this matter now." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

# matters



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# not to touch a woman

Possible meanings are 1) "touch a woman" is a euphemism for having sexual relations. AT: "not to have sexual relations with his wife for a while" or 2) "touch a woman" is a metonym for marry. AT: "not to marry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]).
Possible meanings are 1) "touch a woman" is a euphemism for having sexual relations. AT: "not to have sexual relations with his wife for a while" or 2) "touch a woman" is a metonym for marry. AT: "not to marry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-euphemism]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

# But because of temptations for many immoral acts, each



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# to be free from worries
# free from worries

"not to have worries" or "not to be worried"
"Free" here is an idiom which means the ability to live without constantly thinking about." AT: "without needing to worry" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

# concerned about

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@

# translationWords

* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/free]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/world]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/virgin]]
* [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/body]]

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# But if he is standing firm in his heart,

"Heart" here is a synecdoche for one's complete decision. AT: "But if he has made a firm decision, emotionally and mentally" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]).
"Heart" here is a synecdoche for one's complete decision. AT: "But if he has made a firm decision, emotionally and mentally" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

# translationWords



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# A woman is bound to her husband

"Bound" here is a metaphor, as if the woman were attached to her husband by ropes. AT: "a woman is attached to her husband" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]).
"Bound" here is a metaphor, as if the woman were attached to her husband by ropes. AT: "a woman is attached to her husband" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
# for as long as he lives

"until he dies"


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# we

Here "we" refers to Paul and Barnabas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]]).
Here "we" refers to Paul and Barnabas. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-exclusive]])

# Do we not have the right to take along with us a wife who is a believer, as do the rest of the apostles, and the brothers of the Lord, and Cephas?



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# Who serves as a soldier at his own expense?

Paul uses a question to emphasize that he knows the Corinthians agree with what he is saying. AT: "We all know that no soldier has to buy his own supplies." or "We all know that every soldier receives his supplies from the government." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]).
Paul uses a question to emphasize that he knows the Corinthians agree with what he is saying. AT: "We all know that no soldier has to buy his own supplies." or "We all know that every soldier receives his supplies from the government." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

# Who plants a vineyard and does not eat its fruit?



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# I am free from all,

"Free from all" here is an idiom meaning the ability to live without thinking of what one must do for others. AT: "I am able to live without serving others," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]).
"Free from all" here is an idiom meaning the ability to live without thinking of what one must do for others. AT: "I am able to live without serving others," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

# win more



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# you were led astray to idols who could not speak

"Led astray" here is a metaphor, as if someone pointed the Corinthians from the right direction to the wrong direction. This can be stated in active form. AT: "you believed lies and you worshiped idols who could not speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]).
"Led astray" here is a metaphor, as if someone pointed the Corinthians from the right direction to the wrong direction. This can be stated in active form. AT: "you believed lies and you worshiped idols who could not speak" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

# in whatever ways you were led by them



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# whether bound or free

"Bound" here is a metonym for "slaves." AT: "whether slave-people or free-people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonomy]]).
"Bound" here is a metonym for "slaves." AT: "whether slave-people or free-people" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonomy]])

# all were made to drink of one Spirit



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# The secrets of his heart would be revealed

"The secrets of his heart" here is a synecdoche for "private inner thoughts." This can be stated in active form. AT: "God would reveal to him the secrets of his heart" or "He would recognize his own private inner thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]).
"The secrets of his heart" here is a synecdoche for "private inner thoughts." This can be stated in active form. AT: "God would reveal to him the secrets of his heart" or "He would recognize his own private inner thoughts" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

# he would fall on his face and worship God



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# who is the firstfruits

"Firstfruits" here is a metaphor, comparing Christ to the first of the harvest, offered to God. AT: "the first to be celebrated as if he were harvested from death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]).
"Firstfruits" here is a metaphor, comparing Christ to the first of the harvest, offered to God. AT: "the first to be celebrated as if he were harvested from death" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

# Christ, who is the firstfruits of those who died, has been raised



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# Christ, who is the firstfruits

"Firstfruits" here is a metaphor for the first offering to be made to God at harvest time. AT: "Christ, the first and greatest offering to be made to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]).
"Firstfruits" here is a metaphor for the first offering to be made to God at harvest time. AT: "Christ, the first and greatest offering to be made to God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

# translationWords



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# the dead will be raised

"Raised" here is an idiom for "caused to live again." AT: "the dead will be caused to live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
"Raised" here is an idiom for "caused to live again." AT: "the dead will be caused to live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

# imperishable ... this perishable body ... is imperishable



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# keeps his word

"obeys what God tells him to do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]).
"obeys what God tells him to do." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

# in him truly the love of God has been perfected



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@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Here, "beginning" refers to when they decided to follow Christ. AT: "from when y

# The old commandment is the word that you heard.

"Word" here is a synecdoche for "message." AT: "The old commandment is the message that you heard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]).
"Word" here is a synecdoche for "message." AT: "The old commandment is the message that you heard. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

# Yet I am writing a new commandment to you



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# and shuts up his heart of compassion from him

"Heart" here is a metonym for "thoughts and intentions." AT: "and does not show him compassion" or "and does not willingly help him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]).
"Heart" here is a metonym for "thoughts and intentions." AT: "and does not show him compassion" or "and does not willingly help him" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

# how does the love of God remain in him?



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@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ The word "heart" here refers to feelings. AT: "we do not feel guilty" (See: [[rc

# if our hearts condemn us

"Hearts" here is a metonym for "thoughts and intentions." AT: "if the way we think and the way we intend to act make us feel guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]).
"Hearts" here is a metonym for "thoughts and intentions." AT: "if the way we think and the way we intend to act make us feel guilty" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

# God is greater than our hearts



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@@ -14,10 +14,10 @@ Cain was a son of the first man, Adam, and the first woman, Eve. He murdered his
The verb "to know" is used in a way that means "to understand." It is a type of knowledge based on one's experiences. Care should be taken when translating this word because it is not the primary definition of the term.

##### Keeps sinning and doing righteousness #####
There are many instructions in this chapter that will change their meaning if they are translated as happening continually or in another way. This passage is especially difficult in light of the fact that the first chapter teaches that Christians inevitably sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]).
There are many instructions in this chapter that will change their meaning if they are translated as happening continually or in another way. This passage is especially difficult in light of the fact that the first chapter teaches that Christians inevitably sin. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])

##### "He who keeps God's commandments remains in him, and God remains in him" #####
Many scholars believe this is about remaining in the will of God and is not a reference to a person's eternal salvation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]).
Many scholars believe this is about remaining in the will of God and is not a reference to a person's eternal salvation. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/eternity]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])

## Links: ##



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# 120 talents of gold

"one hundred and twenty talents of gold." A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 33 kilograms. AT: "about 4,000 kilograms of gold." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])
"one hundred and twenty talents of gold." A talent is a unit of weight equal to about 33 kilograms. AT: "about 4,000 kilograms of gold" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-numbers]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-bweight]])

# translationWords



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# your words and your wisdom

Here the word "wisdom" can describe the word "words." AT: "your wise sayings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]).
Here the word "wisdom" can describe the word "words." AT: "your wise sayings" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])

# my eyes have seen it



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#### Special concepts in this chapter ####

##### Incorrect worship #####
The prophet Jehu warned Baasha, king of Israel, that God would destroy his family for worshiping the idols. But Baasha did not change his ways; so Zimri murdered Baasha's son and all his relatives. Then Omri killed Zimri. Omri's son Ahab brought in the rain god Baal and his wife, the fertility goddess Ashtoreth, as the official religion of Israel. This was very evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]]).
The prophet Jehu warned Baasha, king of Israel, that God would destroy his family for worshiping the idols. But Baasha did not change his ways; so Zimri murdered Baasha's son and all his relatives. Then Omri killed Zimri. Omri's son Ahab brought in the rain god Baal and his wife, the fertility goddess Ashtoreth, as the official religion of Israel. This was very evil. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/falsegod]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/evil]])

## Links: ##



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# for the sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ

Here "the blood" refers to the death of Jesus. Just as Moses sprinkled blood on the people of Israel to symbolize their covenant with God, believers are in covenant with God because of Jesus' death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]).
Here "the blood" refers to the death of Jesus. Just as Moses sprinkled blood on the people of Israel to symbolize their covenant with God, believers are in covenant with God because of Jesus' death. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

# May grace be to you, and may your peace increase



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# love one another earnestly from the heart

"Heart" here is a metonym for "thoughts and intentions." AT: "love one another earnestly and completely" or "love one another earnestly with right thoughts and good intentions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonomy]]).
"Heart" here is a metonym for "thoughts and intentions." AT: "love one another earnestly and completely" or "love one another earnestly with right thoughts and good intentions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonomy]])

# born again, not from perishable seed, but from imperishable seed



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#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter ####

##### "You are now the people of God" #####
Some scholars believe this indicates the church has replaced Israel in the plans of God. Other scholars believe there are more than one "people of God." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]]).
Some scholars believe this indicates the church has replaced Israel in the plans of God. Other scholars believe there are more than one "people of God." (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/peopleofgod]])

## Links: ##



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# without a word

"without the wife saying a word." Here "a word" refers to anything the wife might speak about Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]).
"without the wife saying a word." Here "a word" refers to anything the wife might speak about Jesus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

# they will have seen your sincere behavior with respect



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# the inner person of the heart

Here the words "inner person" and "heart" refer to the inward character and personality of a person. AT: "what you really are on the inside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]]).
Here the words "inner person" and "heart" refer to the inward character and personality of a person. AT: "what you really are on the inside" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

# a gentle and quiet spirit



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# tenderhearted

"Heart" here is a metonym for "thoughts and intentions." AT: "sensitive thoughts and intentions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]).
"Heart" here is a metonym for "thoughts and intentions." AT: "sensitive thoughts and intentions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

# Do not pay back evil for evil or insult for insult



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# Let him turn away from what is bad

"Turn away" here is an idiom for "change direction from." AT: "Let him change directin from following what is bad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
"Turn away" here is an idiom for "change direction from." AT: "Let him change directin from following what is bad" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

# The eyes of the Lord see the righteous



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# in your hearts

"Hearts is a metonym for "thoughts and intentions." AT: "set apart the Lord Christ as holy in all of your thoughts and the way you act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]).
"Hearts is a metonym for "thoughts and intentions." AT: "set apart the Lord Christ as holy in all of your thoughts and the way you act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

# translationWords



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##### The people want a king #####

When Samuel was old, he appointed his sons to be judges. They were corrupt and took bribes, so the people came and asked Samuel to appoint a king for them. Samuel asked God, who gave them a king but warned them what a king would be like. Despite Samuel's warning that a king would oppress them, the people still wanted a king. This was sinful because they were rejecting God as their king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]]).
When Samuel was old, he appointed his sons to be judges. They were corrupt and took bribes, so the people came and asked Samuel to appoint a king for them. Samuel asked God, who gave them a king but warned them what a king would be like. Despite Samuel's warning that a king would oppress them, the people still wanted a king. This was sinful because they were rejecting God as their king. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/appoint]], [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/other/oppress]], [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]])

## Links: ##



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#### Special concepts in this chapter ####
##### Saul rescues the people of Jabesh Gilead #####

Nahash, king of the Ammonites, and his army surrounded the Israeli town of Jabesh Gilead. When the city's leaders asked for peace terms, Nahash demanded the right to poke out one eye of every man in order to show Israel their weakness. When Saul heard this, he called for all of Israel to help save this city. Many people came to help Saul's army. Israel was victorious and everyone wanted Saul as their king. At this time, Israel was not a truly unified country, even though it is often spoken of as one country. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]).
Nahash, king of the Ammonites, and his army surrounded the Israeli town of Jabesh Gilead. When the city's leaders asked for peace terms, Nahash demanded the right to poke out one eye of every man in order to show Israel their weakness. When Saul heard this, he called for all of Israel to help save this city. Many people came to help Saul's army. Israel was victorious and everyone wanted Saul as their king. At this time, Israel was not a truly unified country, even though it is often spoken of as one country. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

#### Important figures of speech in this chapter ####



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##### Special reference #####

The people of Israel often used the term "uncircumcised" to refer to Gentiles. Here it is used to mean the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/uncircumcised]]).
The people of Israel often used the term "uncircumcised" to refer to Gentiles. Here it is used to mean the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/uncircumcised]])

## Links: ##



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##### Uncircumcised #####

The people of Israel often used the term "uncircumcised" to refer to Gentiles. Here it is used to describe the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/uncircumcised]]).
The people of Israel often used the term "uncircumcised" to refer to Gentiles. Here it is used to describe the Philistines. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/uncircumcised]])

#### Important figures of speech in this chapter ####



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#### Special concepts in this chapter ####

##### Jonathan warns David #####
David tells Jonathan that Saul is still trying to kill him. Jonathan promises to find out if this is true. When David misses dinner two consecutive days, Saul asks about him. Jonathan says that David went home for an annual sacrifice. Saul gets angry at Jonathan, telling him he will never be king unless they kill David. Saul throws his spear at Jonathan. Jonathan warns David to run away, but first they both promise to always be friends. It was usually a king's son who became king after his death in the ancient Near East. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]).
David tells Jonathan that Saul is still trying to kill him. Jonathan promises to find out if this is true. When David misses dinner two consecutive days, Saul asks about him. Jonathan says that David went home for an annual sacrifice. Saul gets angry at Jonathan, telling him he will never be king unless they kill David. Saul throws his spear at Jonathan. Jonathan warns David to run away, but first they both promise to always be friends. It was usually a king's son who became king after his death in the ancient Near East. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

#### Important figures of speech in this chapter ####



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# Mount Gilboa

This is the name of a mountain (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]).
This is the name of a mountain (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

# closely pursued Saul and his sons

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ This is the name of a mountain (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]

# Abinadab, and Malki-Shua

These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]).
These are names of men. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

# The battle went heavily against Saul



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# not in word only

Not only through the activity of preaching God's message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]).
Not only through the activity of preaching God's message. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

# but also in power, in the Holy Spirit



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# They tell how you turned to God

"Turned to God" here is an idiom for "changed direction toward." AT: "They tell how you changed direction toward God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
"Turned to God" here is an idiom for "changed direction toward." AT: "They tell how you changed direction toward God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

# his Son

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ This is an important title for Jesus that describes his relationship to God. (Se

# whom he raised

"Raised" here is an idiom for "caused to live again" AT: "whom God caused to live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
"Raised" here is an idiom for "caused to live again" AT: "whom God caused to live again" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

# from the dead



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@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ The word "glory" describes the word "kingdom." AT: "into his own glorious kingdo

# walk in a manner

"Walk" here is an idiom for "live." AT: "live in a manner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
"Walk" here is an idiom for "live." AT: "live in a manner" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

# translationWords



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# not as the word of man

"Word of man" here is a synecdoche for "a message that comes simply from a man." AT: "(it is) not a message that is made up by a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]).
"Word of man" here is a synecdoche for "a message that comes simply from a man." AT: "(it is) not a message that is made up by a man" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

# you received it as it truly is, the word of God



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#### Structure and formatting ####

[1 Timothy 4:1-3](./01.md) is a prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]]).
[1 Timothy 4:1-3](./01.md) is a prophecy. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/prophet]])

#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter ####

##### Later times #####
This is another way of referring to the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]]).
This is another way of referring to the last days. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/lastday]])

## Links: ##



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# your words and your wisdom

Here the word "wisdom" can describe the word "words." AT: "your wise words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]]).
Here the word "wisdom" can describe the word "words." AT: "your wise words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-hendiadys]])

# now my eyes have seen it



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# he will continue to deliver us

"Deliver" here is a metaphor for "bring to a safe place." AT: "He will continue the process of bringing us to a safe place." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]).
"Deliver" here is a metaphor for "bring to a safe place." AT: "He will continue the process of bringing us to a safe place" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

# translationWords



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# written on our hearts

Here the word "hearts" refers to their thoughts and emotions. Possible meanings are 1) Paul and his coworkers are sure about the Corinthians being their letter of recommendation or 2) Paul and his coworkers care very deeply for the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]).
Here the word "hearts" refers to their thoughts and emotions. Possible meanings are 1) Paul and his coworkers are sure about the Corinthians being their letter of recommendation or 2) Paul and his coworkers care very deeply for the Corinthians. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

# written on our hearts

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Paul clarifies that Christ is the one who has written the letter. AT: "you are a

# delivered by us

"Delivered" here is a metaphor for "brought." This can be stated in active form. AT: "that we brought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]).
"Delivered" here is a metaphor for "brought." This can be stated in active form. AT: "that we brought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

# It was written not with ink ... on tablets of human hearts



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@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ The word "secret" describes the things that people do secretly. Things that are

# we do not mishandle the word of God

"Word of God" here is a metonym for the message from God. This phrase uses two negative thoughts to express a positive thought. AT: "we do not mishandle God's message" or "we use the word of God correctly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]).
"Word of God" here is a metonym for the message from God. This phrase uses two negative thoughts to express a positive thought. AT: "we do not mishandle God's message" or "we use the word of God correctly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublenegatives]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

# we recommend ourselves to everyone's conscience



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@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ This can be stated in active form. AT: "God clearly sees what kind of people we

# those who boast about appearances but not about what is in the heart

Here the word "appearances" refers to outward expressions of things like ability and status. The word "heart" refers to the inward character of a person. AT: "those who boast about outward appearances, but not about people with good intentions and right desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]).
Here the word "appearances" refers to outward expressions of things like ability and status. The word "heart" refers to the inward character of a person. AT: "those who boast about outward appearances, but not about people with good intentions and right desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

# translationWords



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@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ Paul refers to all Christians as forming a temple for God to dwell in. AT: "we a

# I will dwell among them and walk among them.

This is an Old Testament quotation that says the same thing in two different ways. "Walk" is an idom for "live." AT: "I will be with them, being favorable toward them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
This is an Old Testament quotation that says the same thing in two different ways. "Walk" is an idom for "live." AT: "I will be with them, being favorable toward them." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-parallelism]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

# translationWords



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# we walk in the flesh

Here "walk" is an idiom for "live" and "flesh" is a metonym for physical life. AT: "we live our lives in physical bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
Here "walk" is an idiom for "live" and "flesh" is a metonym for physical life. AT: "we live our lives in physical bodies" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

# we do not wage war ... we fight



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# have not boasted beyond limits

This is an idiom. AT: "have not boasted about things over which we have no authority" or "have not boasted only about things over which we have authority." See how these words were translated in [2 Corinthians 10:13](./13.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])
This is an idiom. See how similar words were translated in [2 Corinthians 10:13](./13.md). AT: "have not boasted about things over which we have no authority" or "have not boasted only about things over which we have authority" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

# another's area



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@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ By stating this in a negative form Paul is emphasizing that the Corinthians shou

# an angel of light

Here "light" is a metaphor for righteousness. AT: "an angel of righteousness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]).
Here "light" is a metaphor for righteousness. AT: "an angel of righteousness" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

# his servants also disguise themselves as servants of righteousness



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@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ Paul uses many rhetorical question defending himself against accusations from hi

##### Sarcasm #####

Paul uses sarcasm, a special type of irony, when he reminds them how he had helped them at no cost. He says, "Forgive me for this wrong!" He also uses regular irony when he says: "But, since I am so crafty, I am the one who caught you by deceit" to introduce his defense against this accusation by showing how impossible it was to be true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]]).
Paul uses sarcasm, a special type of irony, when he reminds them how he had helped them at no cost. He says, "Forgive me for this wrong!" He also uses regular irony when he says: "But, since I am so crafty, I am the one who caught you by deceit" to introduce his defense against this accusation by showing how impossible it was to be true. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-irony]])

#### Other possible translation difficulties in this chapter ####



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@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Paul is giving instructions in preparation for his upcoming visit to Corinth. He
These two figures are repeatedly used in this chapter. The are intended to contrast with each other. The translator should attempt to use terms that are understood to be opposites of each other.

##### "In the faith" #####
Scholars are divided over the meaning of this phrase. Some believe Christians are to test themselves to see whether their actions align with their faith. Other believe Christians should look at their actions and question whether they are genuinely saved. From the context, it appears that the former is probable. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]]).
Scholars are divided over the meaning of this phrase. Some believe Christians are to test themselves to see whether their actions align with their faith. Other believe Christians should look at their actions and question whether they are genuinely saved. From the context, it appears that the former is probable. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/save]])

## Links: ##



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@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ John does not wish to write these other things but would like to come say the wo

# speak face to face,

"Face to face" here is an idiom, meaning to speak in their presence. AT: "speak in your presence," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
"Face to face" here is an idiom, meaning to speak in their presence. AT: "speak in your presence," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

# The children of your chosen sister



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# Shall the shadow go forward ten steps, or go back ten steps?

The source of "the shadow" can be stated clearly. AT: "Do you want Yahweh to make the shadow caused by the sunlight on the stairway to go forward ten steps or to go back ten steps?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]).
The source of "the shadow" can be stated clearly. AT: "Do you want Yahweh to make the shadow caused by the sunlight on the stairway to go forward ten steps or to go back ten steps?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

# ten steps



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@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Here the word "we" refers to all believers, including Peter and his readers. (Se

# this prophetic word

This refers to the Old Testament. AT: "the scriptures, which the prophets spoke," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]).
This refers to the Old Testament. AT: "the scriptures, which the prophets spoke," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

# you do well to pay attention to it

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ Peter compares the prophetic word to a lamp that gives light in the dark until l

# the morning star rises in your hearts

"Hearts" here is a metonym for "thoughts and intentions." Peter speaks of Christ as the "morning star," which indicates that daybreak and the end of darkness is near. Christ will bring light into the hearts of believers, ending all doubt and bringing full understanding of who he is. AT: "the morning star becomes supremely important in your thinking and the way you act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]).
"Hearts" here is a metonym for "thoughts and intentions." Peter speaks of Christ as the "morning star," which indicates that daybreak and the end of darkness is near. Christ will bring light into the hearts of believers, ending all doubt and bringing full understanding of who he is. AT: "the morning star becomes supremely important in your thinking and the way you act" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

# the morning star



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@@ -26,17 +26,13 @@ Peter speaks of people who live sinfully as if they are slaves to sin who need t

This phrase refers to people who recently became believers. The phrase "those who live in error" refers to unbelievers who still live in sin. AT: "people who try to live rightly, instead of living sinfully as they used to and as other people do" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

# They promise freedom to them
# They promise freedom to them, but they themselves are slaves of corruption

"Freedom" here represents the ability to live exactly as one wants. AT: "They promise to give them the ability to live exactly as they want to live" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]).

# but they themselves are slaves of corruption

Peter speaks of people who can only do what is corrupt as if corruption controlled them as a master controls a slave. AT: "but they are like slaves of corruption" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
"Freedom" here is an idiom for the ability to live exactly as one wants. AT: "They promise to give them the ability to live exactly as they want to live, but they themselves cannot escape their own sinful desires" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

# For a man is a slave to whatever overcomes him

Peter speaks of a person only being able to behave a certain way as if that way had defeated him and made him a slave. AT: "For a man is like a slave to whatever defeats him" or "For if something has control over a person, that person becomes like a slave to that thing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])
Peter speaks of a person as a slave when anything has control over that person, and that thing as the master of that person. AT: "For if something has control over a person, that person becomes like a slave to that thing" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

# translationWords



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# turn away from the holy commandment

"Turn away" here is an idiom for "change direction from." AT: "change direction from following the holy commandment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
"Turn away" here is an idiom for "change direction from." AT: "change direction from following the holy commandment" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

# the holy commandment delivered to them

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ This can be stated in active terms. AT: "the holy commandment that God brought t

# delivered

"Delivered" here is a metaphor for "brought." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]).
"Delivered" here is a metaphor for "brought." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

# This proverb is true for them



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# so that you are not led astray by the deceit of lawless people

"Led astray" here is a metaphor, as if they have moved from the correct path onto the wrong path. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that lawless people do no lead you in the wrong direction with their deceitful words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]).
"Led astray" here is a metaphor, as if they have moved from the correct path onto the wrong path. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that lawless people do no lead you in the wrong direction with their deceitful words" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

# led astray ... deceit



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@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Here "house" represents a family. AT: "Obed Edom and his family" (See: [[rc://en

# brought up the ark of God

Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem and going down from it. AT: "moved the ark of God" or "took the ark of God."
Jerusalem was higher than almost any other place in Israel, so it was normal for Israelites to speak of going up to Jerusalem and going down from it. AT: "moved the ark of God" or "took the ark of God"

# brought up



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@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Here the word "sent" means that David sent a messenger. AT: "So David sent a mes

David was trying to find out who the woman was. The word "he" refers to David, but is a metonym for the messenger that David sent. The messenger was to ask the people for information about her. AT: "the messenger asked the people who knew her about who she was" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]])

# Is not this Bathsheba ... and is she not the wife of Uriah the Hittite
# Is not this Bathsheba ... and is she not the wife of Uriah the Hittite?

This question gives information and can be written as a statement. AT: "This is Bathsheba ... and she is the wife of Uriah the Hittite." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])



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# for God to return affliction to those who afflict you

"to return" here is an idiom meaning "to pay back" AT: "for God to pay back with affliction upon those who afflict you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
"to return" here is an idiom meaning "to pay back" AT: "for God to pay back with affliction upon those who afflict you" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

# relief to you



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# whether by word or by our letter

"By word" here is a synecdoche for "by instructions" or "by teachings." You can make clear the implicit information. AT: "whether by what we taught you in person or by what we wrote to you in a letter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]).
"By word" here is a synecdoche for "by instructions" or "by teachings." You can make clear the implicit information. AT: "whether by what we taught you in person or by what we wrote to you in a letter" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-explicit]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

# translationWords



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# direct your hearts

"Hearts" here is a metonym for "thoughts and intentions." AT: "cause you to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]).
"Hearts" here is a metonym for "thoughts and intentions." AT: "cause you to understand" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

# to the love of God and to the endurance of Christ



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@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ To "lose heart" is an idiom that means to get tired, weary, or discouraged. AT:

# If anyone does not obey our word

"Word" here is a synecdoche for "message" or "teaching." AT: "if anyone does not obey our instructions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]).
"Word" here is a synecdoche for "message" or "teaching." AT: "if anyone does not obey our instructions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

# take note of him



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@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Here "call on the Lord" is an idiom that means to trust and worship the Lord. AT

# out of a clean heart

"Heart" here is a metonym for "thoughts and intentions." AT: "from right thoughts and good intentions." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]).
"Heart" here is a metonym for "thoughts and intentions." AT: "from right thoughts and good intentions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

# refuse foolish and ignorant questions



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@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Here "kingdom" stands for Christ's rule as king. AT: "the dead when he returns t

# the Word

"Word" here is a metonym for "message." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]) AT: "the message about Christ."
"Word" here is a metonym for "message." AT: "the message about Christ" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

# when it is not



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# they will turn aside to myths

"Turn aside" here is an idiom for "change direction toward." AT: "they will change direction toward teachings that are not true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
"Turn aside" here is an idiom for "change direction toward." AT: "they will change direction toward teachings that are not true" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

# be sober-minded



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@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ John does not wish to write these other things at all. He is not saying that he

# face to face

"Face to face" here is an idiom, meaning "in person." AT: "in person." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
"Face to face" here is an idiom, meaning "in person." AT: "in person" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

# May peace be with you



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@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ Peter speaks of death as if it were a person who ties people up with painful cor

# freeing him

"freeing him" here is an idiom meaning that he has been given the ability to do as he wants. AT: "giving him the ability to leave behind the pain that death causes." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
"freeing him" here is an idiom meaning that he has been given the ability to do as he wants. AT: "giving him the ability to leave behind the pain that death causes." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

# for him to be held by it



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@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Peter continues his speech to the Jews that he began in [Acts 3:12](./11.md).

# whom you delivered up

"Delivered" here is a metaphor for "take" or "bring." TA: "whom you brought to Pilate" or "whom you gave to Pilate." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]).
"Delivered" here is a metaphor for "take" or "bring." TA: "whom you brought to Pilate" or "whom you gave to Pilate." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

# rejected before the face of Pilate



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@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ The words "Repent" and "turn" refer to changing one's way of thinking, turning a

# so that your sins may be blotted out

"Blotted out" here is a metaphor, as if our sins were recorded with ink, but when God forgives our sins, they are removed, or erased. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that God may remove your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]).
"Blotted out" here is a metaphor, as if our sins were recorded with ink, but when God forgives our sins, they are removed, or erased. This can be stated in active form. AT: "so that God may remove your sins" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]]) (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

# periods of refreshing from the presence of the Lord



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@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ They did not go into the temple building where only the priests were allowed. AT

# all the words of this Life

This is a reference to the gospel message that the apostles had already proclaimed. Possible meanings are 1) "all this message of eternal life" or 2) "the whole message of this new way of living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]).
This is a reference to the gospel message that the apostles had already proclaimed. Possible meanings are 1) "all this message of eternal life" or 2) "the whole message of this new way of living" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

# about daybreak



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@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This is an exaggeration to emphasize that he was trained in the best schools in

# mighty in his words and works

"effective in his speech and actions" or "influential in what he said and did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]).
"effective in his speech and actions" or "influential in what he said and did" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

# it came into his heart



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@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ This question was used to rebuke Moses. See how you translated this rhetorical q

# a ruler and deliverer

"Deliver" here is a metaphor for "bring." AT: "to rule over them and bring them to safety" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]).
"Deliver" here is a metaphor for "bring." AT: "to rule over them and bring them to safety" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

# by the hand of the angel ... bush



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@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ God was the one who gave those words. AT: "this is the man to whom God spoke liv

# living words

Possible meanings are 1) "a message that endures" or 2) "words that give life." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]).
Possible meanings are 1) "a message that endures" or 2) "words that give life." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

# pushed him away from themselves



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@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ The word "heart" here refers to his thinking. AT: "Your thinking is wrong" (See:

# for the intention of your heart

"for wanting to buy the ability to give the Holy Spirit to others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonomy]]).
"for wanting to buy the ability to give the Holy Spirit to others" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonomy]])

# this wickedness



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@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ The agent was either God or the Holy Spirit. This can be stated in active form.

# walking in the fear of the Lord

"Walking" here is an idiom for "living." AT: "living in obedience to the Lord" or "continuing to honor the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
"Walking" here is an idiom for "living." AT: "living in obedience to the Lord" or "continuing to honor the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

# in the comfort of the Holy Spirit



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@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ It may be helpful to state that they saw that he was healed. AT: "saw the man wh

# and they turned to the Lord

"Turned" here is a metonym for "repented of their sins and became obedient." AT: "and they repented of their sins and became obedient to the Lord." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])
"Turned" here is a metonym for "repented of their sins and became obedient." AT: "and they repented of their sins and became obedient to the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

# translationWords



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@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This is an idiom. AT: "When Peter became fully awake and alert" or "When Peter b

# delivered

"Delivered" here is a metaphor for "bring" or "brought." AT: "brought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]).
"Delivered" here is a metaphor for "bring" or "brought." AT: "brought" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

# delivered me out of the hand of Herod



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@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ The city of Salamis was on Cyprus Island.

# proclaimed the word of God

"Word of God" here is a synecdoche for "message of God." AT: "proclaimed the message of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]).
"Word of God" here is a synecdoche for "message of God." AT: "proclaimed the message of God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

# synagogues of the Jews



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@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ This was a governor in charge of a Roman province. AT: "governor"
This is background information about Sergius Paulus. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-background]])

# he wanted to hear the word of God
"Word of God" is a synecdoche for "message of God." AT: "he wanted to hear the message from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]).
"Word of God" is a synecdoche for "message of God." AT: "he wanted to hear the message from God" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

# Elymas "the magician"



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@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ This implies that God had commanded this be done. AT: "God commanded" (See: [[rc

# that the word of God should first be spoken to you

This can be stated in active form. "Word of God" here is a synecdoche for "message from God." AT: "that we speak the message from God to you first" or "that we speak the word of God to you first" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]).
This can be stated in active form. "Word of God" here is a synecdoche for "message from God." AT: "that we speak the message from God to you first" or "that we speak the word of God to you first" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

# Seeing you push it away from yourselves



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@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ The word "they" here refers to Paul, Silas ([Acts 15:40](../15/39.md)), and Timo

# they delivered to the churches

"Delivered" here is a metaphor for "brought." AT: "they brought to the believers in the churches there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]).
"Delivered" here is a metaphor for "brought." AT: "they brought to the believers in the churches there" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

# for them to obey



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@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ It can be stated explicitly what the Lord wants Paul to speak. AT: "do not stop

# Paul lived there ... teaching the word of God among them

This is a concluding statement for this part of the story. "Word of God" here is a synecdoche for the entire scriptures. AT: "Paul lived there ... teaching the scriptures among them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]).
This is a concluding statement for this part of the story. "Word of God" here is a synecdoche for the entire scriptures. AT: "Paul lived there ... teaching the scriptures among them" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/writing-endofstory]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

# translationWords



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@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ A "piece of silver" was the approximate daily wage for a common laborer. (See: [

# So the word of the Lord spread very widely in powerful ways

"So because of these powerful deeds, more and more people heard the message about the Lord Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]).
"So because of these powerful deeds, more and more people heard the message about the Lord Jesus" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

# translationWords



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@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ The word "death" can be translated with the verb "kill" or "die." AT: "and I loo

# binding up and delivering them to prison both men and women

"Deliver" here is a metaphor. "tying up both men and women and taking them to prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]).
"Deliver" here is a metaphor. "tying up both men and women and taking them to prison" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

# can bear witness



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@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ This does not mean all the Jews. AT: "that the leaders of the Jews" (See: [[rc:/

# Why should any of you think it is unbelievable that God raises the dead?

Paul uses a question to challenge the Jews present. They believe God can raise the dead but do not think God brought Jesus back to life. This can be expressed as a statement. "Raises the dead" here is an idiom for "gives life to dead people." AT: "You do not think it is beyond reason that God can bring a dead person back to life, do you?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
Paul uses a question to challenge the Jews present. They believe God can raise the dead but do not think God brought Jesus back to life. This can be expressed as a statement. "Raises the dead" here is an idiom for "gives life to dead people." AT: "You do not think it is beyond reason that God can bring a dead person back to life, do you?" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

# translationWords



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@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ This speaks about the season of winter as if it were a commodity that someone ca

# it faces northeast and southeast

Some versions say "it faces northwest and southwest." The sailors wanted to go to a place where they would be safe from the wind. The "face" of a harbor is a metaphor, like the "mouth" of a harbor, or the entrance of the harbor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]).
Some versions say "it faces northwest and southwest." The sailors wanted to go to a place where they would be safe from the wind. The "face" of a harbor is a metaphor, like the "mouth" of a harbor, or the entrance of the harbor. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

# northeast and southeast



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@@ -12,11 +12,11 @@ Here "certain hope" stands for what the believer can confidently expect, that is

# the word of truth, the gospel

"Word of truth" here is a synecdoche for the "message of the gospel." AT: "the message from God, the gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]).
"Word of truth" here is a synecdoche for the "message of the gospel." AT: "the message from God, the gospel" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

# This gospel is bearing fruit and is growing

"Fruit" here is a metaphor for "result" or "outcome." AT: "This gospel is having good results, more and more." or "This gospel is having increasing results." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]).
"Fruit" here is a metaphor for "result" or "outcome." AT: "This gospel is having good results, more and more" or "This gospel is having increasing results" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

# in all the world



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@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ The abstract noun "complaint" can be stated as "complain." AT: "has a reason to

# have love, which is the bond of perfection

"Bond of perfection" here is a metaphor" for "strong attachments." AT: "show love, which attaches people to one another perfectly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]).
"Bond of perfection" here is a metaphor" for "strong attachments." AT: "show love, which attaches people to one another perfectly" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

# translationWords



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@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@

# with a sincere heart

"Heart" here is a metonym for one's entire intentions. AT: "with all honest intentions." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]).
"Heart" here is a metonym for one's entire intentions. AT: "with all honest intentions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

# as to the Lord



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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ The second part of this chapter parallels Ephesians 5 and 6.
#### Special concepts in this chapter ####

##### Old and new self #####
The old and new self are concepts equivalent to the old/new man. The term "old man" probably refers to the sinful nature a person is born with, while the "new man" is the new nature or new life that is given to a person after they come to faith in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]]).
The old and new self are concepts equivalent to the old/new man. The term "old man" probably refers to the sinful nature a person is born with, while the "new man" is the new nature or new life that is given to a person after they come to faith in Christ. (See: [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/sin]] and [[rc://en/tw/dict/bible/kt/faith]])

##### Character #####
Many of the qualities Paul encourages his readers to pursue (or avoid) are not actions themselves as much as they are character qualities. Because of this, they may present difficulties in translation. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-abstractnouns]])


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@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ The people will refuse to acknowledge him as king because he is not a descendant

# An army will be swept away like a flood from before him

Being swept away represents being destroyed. This can be stated in active form. AT: "His army will completely destroy a great army as a flood destroys everything in its path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]]).
Being swept away represents being destroyed. This can be stated in active form. AT: "His army will completely destroy a great army as a flood destroys everything in its path" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-simile]])

# Both that army and the leader of the covenant will be destroyed



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@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Moses continues reminding the people of Israel what the previous generation of I

# Look ... your God ... before you; go up, take possession ... your fathers ... to you; do not be afraid, neither be discouraged

Moses is speaking to the Israelites as if he were speaking to one man, so these forms should be singular, not plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]]).
Moses is speaking to the Israelites as if he were speaking to one man, so these forms should be singular, not plural. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-pronouns]])

# has set the land before you



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@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ The Israelites of the earlier generation had asked Aaron to make a metal calf so

# You had quickly turned aside out of the path that Yahweh had commanded you

Moses speaks as if obeying God's commands were walking along a path. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 9:12](./11.md). AT: "You had quickly disobeyed what Yahweh had commanded you."
Moses speaks as if obeying God's commands were walking along a path. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 9:12](./11.md). AT: "You had quickly disobeyed what Yahweh had commanded you"

# translationWords



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@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ Possible meanings are 1) "after he has died you hang him on a tree" or 2) "you k

# for whoever is hanged is cursed by God

This can be stated in active form. AT: Possible meanings are 1) "because God curses everyone whom people hang on trees" and 2) "people hang on trees those whom God has cursed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])
This can be stated in active form. Possible meanings are 1) "because God curses everyone whom people hang on trees" and 2) "people hang on trees those whom God has cursed." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-activepassive]])

# do not defile the land



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@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Here "voice" is referring to what Yahweh says. AT: "obey what he says" (See: [[r

# with all your heart and with all your soul

The idiom "with all ... heart" means "completely" and "with all ... soul" means "with all your being." These two phrases have similar meaning. AT: "with all your being" or "with all your energy." See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])
The idiom "with all ... heart" means "completely" and "with all ... soul" means "with all your being." These two phrases have similar meaning. See how you translated these words in [Deuteronomy 4:29](../04/29.md). AT: "with all your being" or "with all your energy" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-doublet]])

# reverse your captivity



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@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ In the book of Deuteronomy, Moses repeats the laws of the covenant that God made

#### How should the title of this book be translated? ####

The name "Deuteronomy" means "Second Law" or "the retelling of the Law." Translators may decide on a title such as, "A Repeat of the Law" or "Moses Explains the Law Again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]]).
The name "Deuteronomy" means "Second Law" or "the retelling of the Law." Translators may decide on a title such as, "A Repeat of the Law" or "Moses Explains the Law Again." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-names]])

#### Who wrote the Book of Deuteronomy? ####



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@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ This can be stated in active form. AT: "Because they do not know God, they canno

# because of the hardness of their hearts

"Hearts" here is a metonym for their attitudes and intentions. AT: because of their bad attitudes and intentions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]).
"Hearts" here is a metonym for their attitudes and intentions. AT: because of their bad attitudes and intentions. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

# have handed themselves over to sensuality



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@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ intense anger

# tenderhearted

"gentle" or "full of compassion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
"gentle" or "full of compassion" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

# translationWords



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@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Walking on a path is a metaphor for how a person lives his life. AT: "Live as pe

# the fruit of the light consists in all goodness, righteousness, and truth

"Fruit" here is a metaphor for "result" or "outcome." AT: "the result of living in the light is good work, right living, and truthful behavior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]).
"Fruit" here is a metaphor for "result" or "outcome." AT: "the result of living in the light is good work, right living, and truthful behavior" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

# Do not associate with the unfruitful works of darkness



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@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Possible meanings are 1) these are songs that Holy Spirit inspires a person to s

# with all your heart,

This is a synedoche for strong human emotion. AT: "with strong emotions," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]).
This is a synedoche for strong human emotion. AT: "with strong emotions," (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

# in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ



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# raise them in the discipline and instruction of the Lord

"Raise" here is an idiom for "establish." AT: "establish them in the discipline and instruction of the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]]).
"Raise" here is an idiom for "establish." AT: "establish them in the discipline and instruction of the Lord" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-idiom]])

# translationWords



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@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Here "trembling" is an exaggeration used to emphasize how important it is that s

# in the honesty of your heart

"Heart" here is a synecdoche for truely honorable intentions. AT: "with your truely honorable intentions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]).
"Heart" here is a synecdoche for truely honorable intentions. AT: "with your truely honorable intentions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

# as slaves of Christ

@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@ Serve your earthly master as though your earthly master were Christ himself.

# who do the will of God from your heart

"Heart" here is a metonym for "personal convictions." AT: "who do the will of God from your personal convictions." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]).
"Heart" here is a metonym for "personal convictions." AT: "who do the will of God from your personal convictions" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

# Serve with all your heart, as though you were serving the Lord and not people

"Heart" here is a metonym for one's "intentions" or "convictions." AT: "Serve with full conviction, realizing that you serve the Lord and not just people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]]).
"Heart" here is a metonym for one's "intentions" or "convictions." AT: "Serve with full conviction, realizing that you serve the Lord and not just people." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonymy]])

# translationWords



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@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ This expression refers to people, not spirits who do not have human bodies. (See

# the realm of evil darkness

"Darkness" here is a metonym for Satan's rule or kingdom. AT: "the areas of the universe where Satan is in control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonomy]]).
"Darkness" here is a metonym for Satan's rule or kingdom. AT: "the areas of the universe where Satan is in control" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metonomy]])

# Therefore put on the whole armor of God



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@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Tychicus was one of several men who served with Paul. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/tra

# so that he may encourage your hearts.

"Encourage your hearts" here is a synecdoche for strengthening the determination of the believers. AT: "so that he may strengthen your decision to follow God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]]).
"Encourage your hearts" here is a synecdoche for strengthening the determination of the believers. AT: "so that he may strengthen your decision to follow God. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-synecdoche]])

# translationWords



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@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ These were women who helped a woman give birth to a baby. See how you translated

# Why have you done this, and let the baby boys live?

Pharaoh asked this question to rebuke the midwives for allowing the male children to live. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You have disobeyed my order by not killing the male babies!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]).
Pharaoh asked this question to rebuke the midwives for allowing the male children to live. This rhetorical question can be translated as a statement. AT: "You have disobeyed my order by not killing the male babies!" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

# The Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women



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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
# say to the Israelites

This is a command from Yahweh to Moses. AT: "Yahweh told Moses to say to the Israelites."
This is a command from Yahweh to Moses. "Yahweh told Moses to say to the Israelites"

# translationWords



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@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ This is an idiom that is used to introduce something that God told his prophets

# watchman

God told Ezekiel to warn the people of Israel just as a watchman would warn the people of a city if enemies were coming, so that they could prepare and be safe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]]).
God told Ezekiel to warn the people of Israel just as a watchman would warn the people of a city if enemies were coming, so that they could prepare and be safe. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-metaphor]])

# the house of Israel



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# the sixth month, in the fifth day of the month

This is the sixth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifth day is near the beginning of September on Western calendars. AT: "the fifth day of the sixth month." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])
This is the sixth month of the Hebrew calendar. The fifth day is near the beginning of September on Western calendars. AT: "the fifth day of the sixth month" (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-hebrewmonths]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/translate-ordinal]])

# the hand of the Lord Yahweh again fell upon me



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# Will it not wither when the eastern wind touches it?

Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that this will certainly happen. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "It will wither when the eastern wind touches it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]).
Yahweh asks this rhetorical question to emphasize that this will certainly happen. It can be translated as a statement. AT: "It will wither when the eastern wind touches it." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

# when the eastern wind touches it



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# was it not my oath that he despised and my covenant that he broke?

Yahweh asks this leading question to emphasize the affirmative answer. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "it was my oath that the king of Jerusalem despised and my covenant that he broke." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]]).
Yahweh asks this leading question to emphasize the affirmative answer. This question can be translated as a statement. AT: "it was my oath that the king of Jerusalem despised and my covenant that he broke." (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-rquestion]])

# I will bring his punishment on his head



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# her ... herself

The word "her" refers to Jerusalem. Cities were often thought of as a woman. This continues through verse 32. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]]).
The word "her" refers to Jerusalem. Cities were often thought of as a woman. This continues through verse 32. (See: [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-gendernotations]] and [[rc://en/ta/man/translate/figs-personification]])